Tesi sul tema "MSC culture"
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1
Maillot, Charlotte. "Quantification and impact of microcarrier collisions during mesenchymal stem cell culture in bioreactors". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0314.
Abstract (sommario):
Les thérapies cellulaires et tissulaires sont des thérapies innovantes à base de cellules du patient (on parle alors de thérapies autologues) ou de cellules d'un donneur compatible (on parle alors de thérapies allogéniques). Contrairement aux médicaments chimiques ou à base des protéines souvent recombinantes (anticorps monoclonaux par exemple), le fait d'utiliser des cellules en tant que produit permet d'envisager de nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques qui peuvent être difficiles d'accès, et aussi d'augmenter la spécificité en engageant une transition vers des médecines ciblées et personnalisées. Cependant, le caractère vivant des thérapies (pour lesquelles les cellules en elles-mêmes constituent la thérapie) amène aussi une technicité en terme de production. En effet, les processus de production de ces nouvelles médecines doivent garantir une qualité des produits cellulaires dont les attributs et moyens de vérification d'activité sont souvent peu définis et/ou complexes. C'est d'autant plus une problématique que la qualité des matières premières peut être variable d'un donneur à un autre, particulièrement dans le cas de thérapies autologues pour lesquelles les patients ont bien souvent un système immunitaire et une qualité de don affecté par leur maladie. Pour commencer, une approche quantitative pour estimer la croissance cellulaire et la cinétique de mort causées par les collisions microporteur-microporteur dans les flacons Erlenmeyer spinner est décrite. Pour cela, les cellules ont été cultivées à différentes concentrations de microporteurs en utilisant deux types de microporteurs : Cytodex-1 et Synthemax II. Des cultures complémentaires ont été réalisées en ajoutant diverses concentrations de particules de même taille et densité que les microporteurs en vue de fournir des informations spécifiques sur la façon dont des particules supplémentaires peuvent avoir un impact sur la croissance des MSC sur les microporteurs. De plus, des éléments de caractérisation MSC ont été réalisés pour ces expériences afin de comprendre non seulement l'impact des interactions microporteur-microporteur sur la croissance mais aussi sur des éléments définis de la qualité cellulaire. En parallèle, afin d'estimer la quantité et l'intensité des collisions microporteurs-microporteurs dans une géométrie spécifique, des expériences ont été réalisées en utilisant à la fois l'atténuation de la lumière par les microporteurs Cytodex-1 (pour estimer la concentration locale de microporteurs) et des signaux acoustiques qui proviennent de particules entrant en collision avec un hydrophone (pour estimer la fréquence et l'intensité de la collision microporteur-capteur). Ces expériences ont fourni des éléments pour estimer la quantité de collisions de particules que les MSC peuvent percevoir pendant des phases dynamiques et stables, spécifiques aux cultures cellulaires en bioréacteur. Enfin, une approche basée sur les bioréacteurs pour la fabrication de MSC est présentée en se concentrant sur les aspects biologiques de l'impact de la concentration et de l'agitation des particules sur la croissance et les attributs de qualité des MSC. Pour cela, diverses cultures de MSC ont été réalisées dans des STR avec des concentrations de particules et des stratégies d'agitation variables. Les MSC produites dans ces conditions ont ensuite été caractérisées pour définir si certains attributs de qualité pouvaient être affectés par des paramètres tels que la concentration et/ou l'agitation des microporteursTo date, bottlenecks persist concerning deep scientific understanding of how various process parameters will impact the Mesenchymal Stem Cell production. Specifically applied to microcarrier-based expansion processes of WJ-MSC's, very little information is available to characterize the impact of microcarrier concentration on MSC growth and death rates or on critical quality attributes which may have crucial and possibly dangerous clinical impacts. As a result, the following work proposes to rationally describe the impact of particle concentration on MSC growth through a pluri-disciplinary characterization of microcarrier-microcarrier interactions in agitated conditions. In order to do so the biological and physical aspects of this work will be presented. To begin with, a quantitative approach to estimate cell growth and death kinetics caused by microcarrier-microcarrier collisions in both Erlenmeyer Flasks and Spinner Flasks is described. For this, cells were grown at various microcarrier concentrations using two microcarrier types : Cytodex-1 and Synthemax II. Complementary cultures were performed by adding various concentrations of particles with the same size and density as microcarriers in view of providing specific information on how additional particles may impact MSC growth on microcarriers. In addition, elements of MSC characterization were performed for these experiments to understand not only the impact of microcarrier-microcarrier interactions on growth but also on defined elements of cell quality. In parallel, in order to estimate the amount and intensity of microcarrier-microcarrier collisions in a specific tank geometry, experiments were performed using both the attenuation of light by Cytodex-1 microcarriers (to estimate local microcarrier concentration) and the acoustic signal which comes from particles colliding with a hydrophone (to estimate microcarrier-sensor collision frequency and intensity). These experiments provided elements to estimate the amount of particle collisions that MSC's may perceive during specific dynamic and steady phases of cell culture in STR's. Lastly, a bioreactor-based approach to MSC manufacturing will be presented focusing on biological aspects of how particle concentration and agitation impacts MSC growth and quality attributes. For this, various MSC cultures were performed in STRs with varying particle concentrations and agitation strategies. The MSC's produced in these conditions were then characterized to define if certain critical quality attributes could be affected by parameters such as microcarrier concentration and/or agitation
2
Futrega, Katarzyna. "Device and application development for haematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) and mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) 3D spheroid cultures". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2016. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/92605/1/Katarzyna_Futrega_Thesis.pdf.
Abstract (sommario):
With an overall aim to improve haematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC) and mesesnchymal stromal cells (MSC) 3D culture systems, this PhD Thesis addressed the following four interlinked AIMs: (1) The development of a high throughput microwell platform that enabled evaluation of MSC spheroid potential to expand HSPC in vitro; (2) Utilization of the high throughput microwell platform to manufacture HSPC/MSC spheroids to improve the efficacy of direct bone marrow transplantation; (3) The development of an improved microwell platform that retains spheroids within discrete microwells throughout culture; and (4) Characterization of HSPC surface marker change in response to the microwell material.
3
Corner, Helen. "An exploration into transfer of knowledge acquired from taught MSc Human Resource Management (HRM) programmes into workplace Human Resource (HR) Departments and wider dissemination across intra-organisational boundaries". Thesis, University of Derby, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10545/622720.
Abstract (sommario):
The purpose of this thesis was to explore how knowledge gained during taught Masters in Human Resource Management (MSc HRM) programmes was transferred into working organisations, whether knowledge gained from academic study could be transferred if individuals were motivated to transfer and if organisations had a culture that was receptive to transfer. The term knowledge transfer was defined as sharing of information between one individual and another individual or group. This study looked at the perceived value of Human Resource (HR) knowledge within organisational contexts, with a focus on how knowledge flowed and what facilitated or blocked that flow. A ‘two-tailed’ case study approach was taken using a social construction methodology and was applied across three University Centres, utilising students studying on MSc HRM programmes and their respective work organisations, plus Operational Managers within the same geographical boundaries. Data was gathered using qualitative methods and analysed thematically. A key finding of this study was that knowledge gained from MSc HRM programmes is valued within organisational contexts. HR professionals effectively transferred knowledge into their organisational functions and amongst workplace communities and via wider networks, in a homogenous manner. However, the study also found that transfer of knowledge across work boundaries, via heterogeneous workplace communities, was less effective. Individual willingness to transfer knowledge was found, but issues linked to organisational culture such as politics, power and structure was found to influence the extent of knowledge transfer activities. It was evident that in order for knowledge transfer to be effective an organisational culture based on mutual support and understanding was required. If an organisation had a culture focused on Key Performance Indicators (KPI) that reinforce knowledge transfer across team boundaries then heterogeneous workplace communities emerged. Organisations that deliberately focused on knowledge transfer evidenced a greater ability to transfer knowledge across organisational functions; this strategy was beneficial to organisational growth. This study concluded that building on workplace communities and managing a deliberate introduction of heterogeneous workplace communities enabled MSc HRM acquired-knowledge to be transferred cross organisationally. Although this study focused on the transfer of knowledge from MSc HRM programmes the concept behind using workplace communities to transfer and build knowledge could potentially be transferable to other disciplines. Two further areas of research were identified: firstly, action research within University Centres to ascertain the benefit of cross-discipline teaching, secondly, analysis of an organisation with a heterogeneous community design.
4
Schrön, Felix [Verfasser], Carsten [Akademischer Betreuer] Werner, Carsten [Gutachter] Werner e Marcy [Gutachter] Zenobi-Wong. "Inkjet bioprinting and 3D culture of human MSC-laden binary starPEG-heparin hydrogels for cartilage tissue engineering / Felix Schrön ; Gutachter: Carsten Werner, Marcy Zenobi-Wong ; Betreuer: Carsten Werner". Dresden : Technische Universität Dresden, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1226944744/34.
5
Monterosso, Melissa Eileen. "The Microwell-mesh platform: A multifaceted microtissue technology to link cell culture, animal models and patients". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2022. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/236375/1/Melissa_Monterosso_Thesis.pdf.
Abstract (sommario):
Work towards effective translational medicine has revealed that current in vitro platforms are not sufficient to produce relevant clinical results. Advances in 3D technologies and preclinical models must be made to address the gaps lead to failure of initially promising therapies. The Microwell-mesh platform is a versatile device demonstrated to help bridge this gap. The device within the context of completed work was used to not only generate cancer xenograft models, crucial for successful personalized cancer therapeutics, but was also used to investigate the capacity of adult mesenchymal stem cells to regenerate bone and cartilage tissues within relevant biological environments.
6
Chokder, Rafiul Abedin, e Tapia Paulina Vanessa Díaz. "The role of corporate culture in managing cultural diversity - A case study on a German multinational company". Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för ekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-29275.
Abstract (sommario):
Research Aim: Our aim is to understand how multinational companies integrate cultural diversity of employees in their corporate culture. To achieve this objective, we compare the employees’ perception with the company's view on the topic. Design/methodology/approach: A qualitative case study is conducted with three sets of questionnaires. Two sets of questionnaires were designed for the foreign and the local employees. The third set was created for the department of human resource management who represented the company’s view. Analysis is done by comparing the theories with empirical findings of the study. Findings: The findings revealed that corporate culture is inspired by the national culture. By implementing a proper recruiting process, socialization and teamwork, multinational companies can integrate cultural diversity successfully in their corporate culture. Several tools such as offering language courses, announcements in both languages, a welcoming at the new country booklet, mentors, anonymous feedback on cultural issues and sports or cultural outings are proposed to manage cultural diversity. These tools can be used for both the foreign and the local employees. The integration relies on both employees and the companies. However, upper management should support the department of human resources management to find solutions for the integration of a culturally diverse workforce. Practical implications: Contemporary studies propose tools like mentoring programs that are costly and may ignite stereotyping while managing cultural diversity. This study proposes tools that are cost-effective and functional in integrating and managing cultural diversity of employees. Originality/Value: Previous studies do not emphasize the role of corporate culture in integrating cultural diversity of employees. This study focuses on the empirical gap of employees’ perception on the role of corporate culture in integrating cultural diversity. It proposes, that to manage cultural diversity, companies should only focus on the national and corporate culture of the company and not necessarily of the employee’s culture.Syftet: Vårt mål är att förstå hur multinationella företag integrerar kulturellt mångfald i deras företagskultur. För att uppnå detta mål jämför vi medarbetarnas uppfattning med företagets syn i ämnet. Design / metod / tillvägagångssätt: En kvalitativ fallstudie genomförs med tre uppsättningar av frågeformulär. Två av frågeformulären utformades för utländska och lokala anställda. Den tredje uppsättningen skapades för personalavdelningschefen som representerade företagets uppfattning. En analys görs genom att jämföra teorierna med det empiriska resultatet av studien. Resultat: Resultatet visade att företagskulturen är inspirerad av den nationella kulturen. Genom att implementera en organiserad rekryteringsprocess, socialisering och lagarbete, kan multinationella företagen integrera kulturell mångfald framgångsrikt i sin företagskultur. Flera verktyg så som att erbjuda språkkurser, utskick på bägge språken, ett välkomshäfte för det nya landet, mentorer, anonym feedback om kulturella frågor och sport eller kulturutflykter föreslås för att hantera kulturell mångfald. Dessa verktyg kan användas för både utländska och lokala anställda. Integrationen bygger på både de anställda och företaget. Högre befattningar bör dock stödja personalavdelningen för att hitta lösningar för integration av en multikulturell arbetskraft. Praktiska åtgärder: Samtidsstudier som verktyg så som mentorprogram är kostsamma och kan skapa fördomar samtidigt när man vill behandla ämnet. Den här studien föreslår verktyg som är kostnadseffektiva och funktionella för att integrera och hantera kulturella mångfald hos de anställda. Bidrag: Tidigare studier betonar inte företagskulturens roll i att integrera kulturell mångfald hos anställda. Denna studie fokuserar på det empiriska gapet av medarbetarnas uppfattning om företagskulturens roll för att integrera den kulturella mångfalden. Det föreslås, för att hantera kulturell mångfald bör företagen bara fokusera på den nationella kulturen och företagskulturen och inte nödvändigtvis på medarbetarens kultur.
7
Zomer, Helena Debiazi. "Estabelecimento de cultura de células de pluripotência induzida a partir de células tronco derivadas do tecido adiposo de coelhos". Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10132/tde-18072014-103412/.
Abstract (sommario):
As células de pluripotência induzida (iPS) foram reportadas pela primeira vez em 2006 por Takahashi e Yamanaka e desde então vem sendo extensivamente estudadas. Por meio da técnica, células somáticas adultas adquirem comportamento muito semelhante às células tronco embrionárias, reduzindo as questões éticas relacionadas ao uso destas em pesquisas. Entretanto, os mecanismos biológicos das células iPS ainda não estão completamente elucidados. Ainda são necessárias pesquisas mais aprofundadas para garantir a segurança e eficácia de sua possível utilização em futuras terapias. Os coelhos, como modelos experimentais, são vantajosos tanto pelo seu tamanho ideal para procedimentos cirúrgicos quanto por sua manutenção fácil e econômica. As células tronco derivadas do tecido adiposo (ADSC) consistem em um tipo de célula tronco mesenquimal multipotente que se destaca pela facilidade, rapidez e segurança de coleta e processamento. As ADSC foram coletadas e caracterizadas por meio de análises de curva de crescimento celular, doubling time, viabilidade após criopreservação, capacidade de formação de colônias fibroblastoides, diferenciação osteogênica, condrogênica e adipogênica, imunocitoquímica e citometria de fluxo. Elas demonstraram possuir as características básicas de células tronco mesenquimais, destacando-se por uma alta e rápida capacidade proliferativa. A indução de pluripotência foi realizada nas ADSC de coelhos pela introdução de quatro fatores de transcrição (OCT4, SOX2, cMYC, e KLF4), pelo vetor lentiviral STEMCCA (Milipore). Cinco protocolos de indução foram testados. Células resultantes da indução foram caracterizadas quanto à atividade da fosfatase alcalina e perfil fenotípico por citometria de fluxo. A proliferação acentuada das ADSC parece ser um fator limitante para a eficácia da reprogramação. A partir destes dados, espera-se contribuir para o desenvolvimento de uma tecnologia brasileira ainda inédita em coelhos e adicionar informações importantes à literatura, acerca das propriedades das células iPS, visando sua utilização como modelo experimental para futuras terapias.Induced Pluripotent Stem (iPS) cells were first reported in 2006 by Takahashi e Yamanaka and has been intensively studied since then. Through the technique, adult somatic cells acquire behavior very similar to embryonic stem cells, reducing the ethical issues related to the use of such research. However, biological mechanisms of iPS cells are not yet fully elucidated. Thus, further research is needed to ensure the safety and efficacy for their possible use in future therapies. Rabbits, as experimental models, are advantageous by their ideal size for surgical procedures and easy and economic maintenance. Adipose Derived Stem Cells (ADSC) consists of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells that stand for ease, speed and safety of collection and processing. The ADSC were collected and characterized by analysis of cell growth curve, doubling time, viability after cryopreservation, ability of fibroblast colony formation, osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation, immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry. They showed to have the basic characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells, standing out by a high and fast proliferative capacity. Induction of pluripotency was performed in rabbits ADSC by the introduction of four transcription factors (OCT4, SOX2, cMYC, and KLF4) by lentiviral vector STEMCCA (Millipore). Five protocols were tested and analyzed. The resulting cells after induction were characterized by alkaline phosphatase activity and phenotypic profile by flow cytometry. The great proliferation of ADSC seems to be detrimental for the reprogramming efficiency. From these data, it is expected to contribute to the development of a Brazilian technology still unpublished in rabbits, and to add important information to the literature about the properties of iPS cells, aiming their use as an experimental model for future therapies.
8
Tetenková, Pavla. "Diverzita a interkulturní aspekty fungování MNC". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-261825.
Abstract (sommario):
The thesis concentrates on culture, its levels and characteristics, including business culture. The first part focuses on cultural diversity and management of diversity in business culture, with emphasis on the related incorrect tendencies, caused by various culturally conditioned biases. The following part considers different aspects of intercultural communication, its possible barriers and the question of intercultural training. The practical part analyses an existing multinational corporation, particularly with regards to its corporate values, practices, corporate diversity and intercultural training. Furthermore, this part is complemented with a study of the culturally conditioned difficulties within the company, the influence of existing cultural differences on employee communication and cooperation, as well as on intercultural training. The outcome of the study are recommendations, which serve as a base for potential modifications of the corresponding company processes.
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Inacio, Fatima Pacheco de Santana. "A política de formação de professores em Goiás no contexto dos acordos MEC-USAID (1961-1983)". [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/251183.
Abstract (sommario):
Orientador: Ediogenes Aragão SantosTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação
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Resumo: Este texto analisa a formação de professores, realizada no âmbito das políticas públicas decorrentes dos acordos MEC/USAID/UNESCO, no pós Segunda Guerra Mundial, que resultaram na criação dos Centros de Formação de Professores Primários, entre 1961 e 1983, no município de Catalão, Goiás. Estes cursos de formação, de orientação tecnicista na educação, foram iniciados no Governo Mauro Borges após o Golpe Militar de 1964, com o intuito de planejar, racionalizar os investimentos no setor educacional. Os acordos firmados tinham como elemento chave a formação de uma sociedade "massificada" através da democratização da educação, de bens e de consumo para o mercado. O material didático utilizado nesse processo de formação era elaborado por equipes de trabalho orientadas e vinculadas ao Programa Brasileiro-Americano para o Ensino Primário (PABAEE). As especificidades desta formação, em tempo integral, em regime de internato, se propunha a melhorar a produtividade e a qualidade do ensino do 1º grau e Normal. As principais fontes primárias, inéditas, utilizadas nesta pesquisa foram localizadas no arquivo do Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas em Educação de Catalão (NEPEDUCA), da Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Campus Catalão, onde pudemos ter acesso aos projetos para instalação dos Centros Experimentais de Formação de Professores, aos planos de cursos, planilhas, avaliações e textos produzidos pelos professores e bolsistas. A análise das referidas fontes evidenciaram conluio de interesses no período de internacionalização da economia brasileira, criando as condições materiais, técnicas e humanas para a execução dos acordos Brasil/USAID. A interpretação das fontes revelaram-nos que as teorias e metodologias usadas pelos Centro reproduzia uma orientação escolanovista, já ultrapassada nos Estados Unidos, mas que passa a ser usada durante a Ditadura Militar como mecanismo de controle social sem recorrer a violência explícita, pois aplicadas nas escolas, lócus de preservação e distribuição cultural. Os relatos dos bolsistas indicam que mudanças foram sutilmente introduzidas alterando seus valores, comportamentos e práticas pedagógicas, assim como sua percepção de escola, da cidade e das relações socioculturais e políticas engendradas entre as instâncias do poder constituído e a sociedade catalana. As representações construídas pelos bolsistas revelam que os conteúdos transmitidos foram assimilados e condicionaram sua percepção de mundo, de sociedade, e que para o bom funcionamento da cidade havia uma hierarquia entre poderes e posições sociais a ser respeitado, sem contestação e cabia ao indivíduo, agora identificado com os valores da pátria, assumir para si os encargos públicos antes atribuídos ao Estado.
Abstract: This text analyses the teacher training, carried out according to the public policies reached in MEC/USAID/UNESCO agreements, in the post Second World War, which resulted in the creation of Primary Teaching Training Centers, from 1961 to 1983, in Catalão, Goiás. These training courses, with technical orientation on education, started to run during Mauro Borges' Government after the Military Coup in 1964, in order to plan and rationalize the investments in education. The key element of the agreements signed, was the formation of a "mass" society through the democratization of education, of material goods and through the acquisition of things, the market. The material used in this teaching process was developed by teams which were orientated and linked to the Brazilian-American Program for the Primary Education (PABAEE). The specifics of this formation which took place in boarding schools in a full-time period aimed to improve the productivity and the quality of the Elementary School and the "Normal" School. The main primary sources used in this research were found in the files of the "Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas em Educação de Catalão (NEPEDUCA) (Study and Research Center for Education, in Catalão), located in the Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Catalão Campus, where it was allowed our access not only to the projects to set up the Experimental Centers for Teaching Training, but also to the lesson plans, worksheets, evaluations and texts created by teachers and scholars with a scholarship. The analysis of the aforementioned sources made it quite clear that during the period of internationalization of the Brazilian economy, the technical, human and material conditions were settled in order to reach Brazil / USAID agreement. The interpretation of the sources showed that the theories and methodologies used by the Centers reproduced a "escolanovista" orientation which wasn't popular in the United States anymore, but which started being used during Military Coup as a social control mechanism without the necessity to make use of explicit violence, as applied in schools, locus of cultural preservation and distribution. The scholars with a scholarship reported that changes were subtly introduced altering values, behaviors and pedagogical practices. Their perception of the school, of the city and of the political and socio-cultural relationships engendered between the power which was constituted and the Catalana society was also altered. The representations built by the scholars with a scholarship show that the contents taught were learnt and understood. Their perception of the world, and the society were conditioned and in order to make the city works and operates well there was an hierarchy of power and social positions to be respected, without any kind of objection, and the individuals, now identified according to the values of the homeland, had to take over public charges previously attributed to the State.
Doutorado
Historia, Filosofia e Educação
Doutor em Educação
10
Pina, Fabiana [UNESP]. "O acordo MEC-USAID: ações e reações (1966 – 1968)". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/93369.
Abstract (sommario):
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pina_f_me_assis.pdf: 558950 bytes, checksum: 60aa1e70aec72204edda905a19c4a6a6 (MD5)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
O presente trabalho procura analisar o Acordo MEC-USAID, buscando destacar sua importância para a estrutura universitária brasileira, as modificações ainda presentes que partiram deste Acordo e o contexto histórico no qual ele foi efetivado. Procuramos desenvolver uma pesquisa que abrangesse três ângulos do Acordo: analisamos o próprio Acordo, fizemos um estudo dos escritores que na época da sua publicação se posicionaram contrários ou favoráveis a ele e, por fim, examinamos a historiografia referente a ele, inclusive dos autores que não o tomaram como tema central
This paper analyzes the MEC-USAID agreement, seeking to highlight its importance to the Brazilian university structure, the changes still present who departed this Agreement and the historical context in which it was accomplished. We seek to develop a survey covering three angles of the Agreement: we analyze the agreement, we made a study of writers at the time of its publication is positioned against or in favor of it and, finally, we examine the historiography related to it, including the authors who not taken as a central theme
11
Pina, Fabiana. "O acordo MEC-USAID : ações e reações (1966 - 1968) /". Assis : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/93369.
Abstract (sommario):
Orientador: Claudinei Magno Magre MendesBanca: Ivan Aparecido Manoel
Banca: Helio Rebello Cardoso Junior
Resumo: O presente trabalho procura analisar o Acordo MEC-USAID, buscando destacar sua importância para a estrutura universitária brasileira, as modificações ainda presentes que partiram deste Acordo e o contexto histórico no qual ele foi efetivado. Procuramos desenvolver uma pesquisa que abrangesse três ângulos do Acordo: analisamos o próprio Acordo, fizemos um estudo dos escritores que na época da sua publicação se posicionaram contrários ou favoráveis a ele e, por fim, examinamos a historiografia referente a ele, inclusive dos autores que não o tomaram como tema central
Abstract: This paper analyzes the MEC-USAID agreement, seeking to highlight its importance to the Brazilian university structure, the changes still present who departed this Agreement and the historical context in which it was accomplished. We seek to develop a survey covering three angles of the Agreement: we analyze the agreement, we made a study of writers at the time of its publication is positioned against or in favor of it and, finally, we examine the historiography related to it, including the authors who not taken as a central theme
Mestre
12
Choi, Tae Young Organisation & Management Australian School of Business UNSW. "The internationalisation processes of cultural firms: a case of MBC, Korea". Publisher:University of New South Wales. Organisation & Management, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/42193.
Abstract (sommario):
The words ??Globalisation?? and ??Internationalisation?? have received a great deal of interest from global nations, enterprises, citizens and academics especially since the late 20th century. Although the process of globalization began as a social trend for tracking the expansion of human population and the growth of civilization since as early as the 16th century, globalization became a business phenomenon in the 19th century from rapid growth in international trade and investment between the European imperial powers, its colonies and, later, the United States. Scholars of the 20th century vigorously attempted to theorise internationalisation of multinational enterprises (MNEs) based on MNEs?? internationalisation processes. As the vast majority of such theories were developed for the manufacturing industry, the validity of theories for the service industry became ambiguous. Despite the fact that one of the fastest growing sectors of global trade since the late 20th century is the trade in cultural goods and services, scholars haven??t attempted to validate such a phenomenon by reference to existing theories of internationalisation processes. This thesis attempts to dismantle the internationalisation processes of cultural firms and to explore the validity of existing internationalisation theories. Due to the inherent difficulties in analysing all sectors of cultural industries, this thesis has adopted a single in-depth case study method with qualitative data to support the findings of the thesis. Although the internationalisation processes of a firm consist of an abundant series of intermittent and continuous ventures by the firm, the particular focus of this thesis is on the longitudinal processes of a firm??s overall internationalisation processes. As one of the foremost runners of ??Hallyu ?? Korean Wave?? phenomenon, MBC has been selected as a case study object for this thesis. With a history of internationalisation processes over 40 years, involving various internal and external environmental factors/forces interactively, the case of MBC offers an insight into the empirical study of the internationalisation processes of cultural firms. Although this thesis shows strong support for the dynamic capabilities theory??a theory that explains dynamic activities and behaviours of MBC??s internationalisation processes in accordance with, and as a result of, ever-changing both internal and external factors/forces of environments??dynamic capability theory itself is deficient in explaining the underlying sources and drivers of those factors/forces. In order to overcome such a shortfall, this thesis suggests an integrative approach of integrating multidisciplinary theories as a theoretical framework for future studies of internalisation processes theories especially for empirical and industry-specific studies. This thesis provides comprehensive framework for three components??motives, way-stations and performance??of internationalisation processes of cultural firms, thereby contributing to the under-researched field in the discipline of international business.
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Carvalho, Levindo Diniz. "Imagens da infância: brincadeira, brinquedo e cultura". Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/MMSC-7DZHFH.
Abstract (sommario):
In the present work we describe and analyze the repertory of toys and playing activities experienced by Amerindian Pataxó children of the state of Minas Gerais and also by children living in the Taquaril neighborhood of Belo Horizonte. This study intended to comprehend how children from different sociocultural contexts experience the practices of games, including there dynamics and meanings. We also investigated which elements peculiar to the sociocultural milieu arises from this experience, understanding the act of playing as a typical way of the children to comprehend and apprehend the world. The main theoretical references of this work are contemporary studies in the fields of sociology, anthropology, and childhood history, focused mainly on the understanding of the child as a sociohistorical and cultural actor and producer of a unique culture that is built through the interaction with the adult culture. Based on the comprehension of each sociocultural context in which the different observed groups live, we accomplished a sociological investigation of the child daily routines. This was in order to apprehend the repertory of the cultural practices of each group, there interactions and there generation of meanings about there actions. In this study, prominence is given to the different uses of spaces and time in playing in each sociocultural context, and the relationships established, while playing, with the adults and the elements of the adult culture. From the analyzes of relationships between playing activities and toys of different contexts, from the cartography of similarities, specificities, and, specially, from the apprehension of the cultural dimension of this practice, rises singular, universal and seasonal characteristics, that constitute a repertory of toys and playing activities. It is also revealed, in those practices, the conditions of childhood living, as well as cultural belonging and identity traces of each group. In this sense, this work, as long as it searches to understand playing as a child language that denotes signification to the world, contributes to the establishment of a way of seeing the child in her singularity and in the forms she apprehends and relates itself with her pairs and environment. It also contributes to the elaboration of the built images over the multiple childhoods in the contemporaneity.Neste trabalho, descreve-se e analisa-se o repertório de brinquedos e brincadeiras vivenciadas por crianças indígenas Pataxós (MG) e crianças moradoras do bairro Taquaril em Belo Horizonte. Interessou-nos compreender como crianças de diferentes contextos socioculturais experienciam a prática da brincadeira, suas dinâmicas e significados. Investigou-se, ainda, que elementos próprios da inserção sociocultural surgem nessa experiência, entendendo o brincar como forma própria de compreensão e apreensão do mundo pelas crianças. As principais referências teóricas deste trabalho são estudos contemporâneos dos campos da sociologia, antropologia e história da infância, voltados para o entendimento da criança como sujeito sócio-histórico e cultural, produtor de uma cultura singular, construída na interação com a cultura adulta. Com base na compreensão de cada contexto sociocultural no qual os diferentes grupos de crianças observados vivem, foi realizada uma investigação sociológica de quotidianos infantis para se apreender o repertório de práticas culturais de cada um dos grupos, suas interações e a produção de sentidos sobre o que fazem. Nesse exercício, assumem destaque os diferentes usos dos espaços e tempos do brincar em cada contexto e as relações estabelecidas com os adultos e elementos da cultura adulta na prática da brincadeira. Da análise das relações entre brincadeiras e brinquedos de diferentes contextos, da cartografia de similaridades, especificidades e, principalmente, da apreensão da dimensão cultural dessa prática, emergem características singulares, universais e sazonais que constituem esse repertório de brinquedos e brincadeiras. Revelam-se ainda, nessas práticas, as condições de se viver a infância, bem como traços indentitários e de pertencimento cultural de cada grupo. Nesse sentido, este trabalho, à medida que busca a compreensão do brincar como linguagem infantil que significa o mundo, contribui para a constituição de um modo de ver da criança em sua singularidade, suas formas de apreender e se relacionar com seus pares e seu entorno, mas, principalmente, para a elaboração das imagens construídas sobre as múltiplas infâncias na contemporaneidade.
14
Vermillac, Michel. "Mac Luhan et la modernité". Nice, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NICE2021.
Abstract (sommario):
L'histoire des idées fonctionne comme un crible : certains auteurs sont recueillis avec ferveur, d'autres non. A ce sujet, Bateson parle d'une véritable écologie de l'esprit. Herbert Marshall Mac Luhan (1911-1980) a connu un sort paradoxal : annonçant la modernité, ce qu'il nomme la galaxie Marcani. Il a été rejeté par les philosophes français de 1968. Or, ses idées seront reprises par les penseurs de la postmodernité, en guise de reconnaissance posthume. Nous avons voulu savoir les raisons de ce revirement. Pourquoi un homme aussi célèbre a-t-il été ignore par la "pensée 68" ? Pourquoi a-t-il été représenté comme un prophète, alors que l'évolution technologique a corroboré ses intuitions ? Malgré ses attaques contre le livre, plus exactement contre la rationalité littéraire, Mac Luhan est un humaniste prônant, dans une réalité quotidienne néobaroque, une forme de fidéisme : s’il n'est plus possible de penser le monde, car l'illusion règne, la force du lien entre les hommes doit donner sens à la vieHistory of ideas works like a riddle : some authors are selected, some not. Thinking of this, Bateson talks about a real ecology of mind. Herbert Marshall Mac Luhan (1911-1980) was a living paradox : introducing modernity with his concept of marconi galaxy, he was ignored by french thinkers of the late sixties. Or, the same ideas will be taken again, without refering to him, by post modernity philosophers. What are the reasons of such a contempt ? Why an essayist as famous as Mac Luhan was not accepted by the french intelligentzia of 1968 ? Was he a prophet, when he was annoucing the future of technology ? Not with standing his attacks against rationality, mac luhan was an humanist, maybe a fideist : if it's difficult to build a clear vision of the world, because of the stength of illusion, relationship between men must give a meaning to modern life
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Junior, Luiz Fernando Campos de Andrade. "Ocupa Belo Horizonte: cultura, cidadania e fluxos informacionais no duelo de MCs". Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/BUOS-9PYKAE.
Abstract (sommario):
The study has aimed to discuss the re-appropriation of public space in the city for social groups and the informational flows created from the interaction between them. In recent years, the emphasis on economic bias by the State has been bringing locals and regulars restrictions on the use of public places of everyday life. Freedom of movement collides with initiatives to privatize sites before intended to meet people and other collective experiences. The qualitative research had as its object of analysis the Duelo de MCs, an hip hop movement that occupies the area under the Santa Terezas viaduct, in downtown Belo Horizonte, on Friday nights, and brings together young people, mostly black, with different sociocultural levels and from different regions of the city to battles between MCs with rhyming improvisation to the sound of rap music. The theoretical framework was based upon the discussion of postmodern cultures and concepts of public, informational city, right to the city, cultural citizenship and information as a social phenomenon. Furthermore, has presented a brief history of the last movements of the occupation of cities in Brazil and worldwide. The methodology has included field work accompanying Duelo de MCs between August and December 2012; interviews with organizers of the movement; content analysis of the verses of Battles of Knowledge - one of the modalities of Duelo de MCs suggesting an issue prior the dispute - as well as song lyrics, posters and graffiti gifts under the viaduct, flyers and fanzine distributed; structured interviews with the public and netnography of the organizers and their followers in digital social networks. It was concluded that the informational exchanges between these young people show in the city center an emerging culture, whose repertoire had been restricted to peripheral areas such as slums and clusters. Furthermore, they enable the construction of new symbolic representations and a space of belonging and collective cultural resistance of black youth in downtown Belo Horizonte. As an occupation movement, Duelo de MCs promotes critical reflection of groups historically disenfranchised from public policy, tensions the notion of public policies and reclaims issues connected to freedom of expression, cultural identity and citizenship.O estudo teve como objetivo geral discutir a reapropriação do espaço público na cidade por grupos sociais e os fluxos informacionais criados a partir da interação entre eles. Nos últimos anos, a ênfase no viés econômico por parte do Estado vem trazendo restrições a moradores e frequentadores no uso dos lugares da vida cotidiana pública. A liberdade de circulação esbarra em iniciativas de privatização de locais antes destinados ao encontro de pessoas e a outras experiências coletivas. A pesquisa, de caráter qualitativo, teve como objeto de análise empírica o Duelo de MCs, movimento hip-hop que ocupa, nas noites de sexta-feira, a área sob o Viaduto Santa Tereza, no Centro de Belo Horizonte, e reúne jovens, na sua maioria negros, com diversos níveis socioculturais e de diferentes regiões da capital mineira para batalhas entre MCs, a partir da improvisação de rimas e ao som do rap. A fundamentação teórica pautou-se pela discussão das culturas pós-modernas e a conceituação de público, cidade informacional, direito à cidade, cidadania cultural e informação enquanto fenômeno social. Além disso, apresentou-se um breve histórico dos últimos movimentos de ocupação das cidades no Brasil e no mundo. A metodologia contemplou o trabalho de campo, com o acompanhamento do Duelo de MCs entre agosto e dezembro de 2012; entrevistas com organizadores do movimento; análise de conteúdo dos versos das batalhas do conhecimento uma das modalidades do Duelo de MCs que sugere um tema antes das disputas , bem como de letras de música, cartazes e graffitis presentes sob o viaduto e panfletos e fanzine distribuídos; entrevistas estruturadas com o público e netnografia dos organizadores e seus seguidores nas redes sociais digitais. Concluiu-se que as trocas informacionais entre esses jovens revelam, no Centro da cidade, uma cultura emergente, cujo repertório ficava restrito a zonas periféricas, como favelas e aglomerados. Além disso, elas possibilitam a construção de novas representações simbólicas e de um espaço de pertença coletiva e resistência cultural da juventude negra periférica em Belo Horizonte. Como movimento de ocupação, o Duelo de MCs promove a reflexão crítica de grupos historicamente alijados das políticas públicas, tensiona a noção de público e reivindica questões ligadas à liberdade de expressão, identidade cultural e cidadania.
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Souza, Marize Figueira de. "De 'cultura e universidade' para 'mais cultura nas universidades': o estudo de uma trajetória de articulação entre MINC e MEC, no período de 2003 a 2013". reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/18494.
Abstract (sommario):
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O presente trabalho visa compreender a trajetória da relação do Ministério da Cultura com o Ministério da Educação, quanto ao processo de construção de ações, programas e política cultural propriamente para as instituições de ensino superior brasileiras, durante o período de 2003 a 2013. Para um maior aprofundamento da análise dessa articulação, busca-se adotar como estudo de caso o processo de criação de dois programas específicos: Cultura e Universidade, criado em 2010 por meio de portaria assinada apenas pelo MinC, e o Programa Mais Cultura nas Universidades, por sua vez criado em 2013, a partir de portaria interministerial envolvendo os dois Ministérios, MinC e MEC. Durante o período de 2003 a 2013, nota-se que os termos universidades ou instituições de ensino superior estão presentes em instrumentos legais, programas e ações estratégicas do Ministério da Cultura e, mais pontualmente, com a participação do Ministério da Educação. Propõe-se assim, identificar uma trajetória cronológica a partir do mapeamento dessas iniciativas do MinC voltadas para o campo cultural das universidades, visando facilitar a reflexão sobre possíveis transformações, no âmbito das políticas públicas culturais voltadas para as instituições de ensino superior. Além da investigação de instrumentos normativos, documentos oficiais e recursos orçamentários alocados, a pesquisa buscará contextualizar como a criação dos Programas Cultura e Universidade e Mais Cultura nas Universidades parecem apontar para diferentes formas de articulação entre o MinC e o MEC, na formulação de políticas culturais para as universidades.
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Miroshnik, Victoria. "Transmission of organisational culture from HQs to overseas subsidiaries in Japanese MNC : a methodological framework". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2011. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2789/.
Abstract (sommario):
This thesis unites the issues derived from the research on the relationship between culture and performance, where commitment is regarded as its vital index, in the domain of international business (IB). Despite its importance the concept of transmission of culture has not been examined quantitatively, regardless of qualitative studies proving that organizational culture has significant influence on a firm’s overall performance, and particularly on commitment. In addressing the above gaps, the present thesis develops a resource-based framework that examines whether organizational culture can be regarded as a strategic resource of a multinational company (MNC), what are the factors composing two concepts such as ‘organizational culture’ and ‘organizational commitment’ and whether there is a relationship between these concepts at three levels: a) HQs level in the home country, Japan, b) individual subsidiary level, located in the host country, Thailand, which is culturally very similar to the home country, and c) individual subsidiary level, located in the host country, India, which is culturally very distant to the home country. This theoretical framework essentially integrates theoretical perspectives on HQs-subsidiary relationship and transmission of culture in the multinational company in Asia under the Resource-Based View (RBV). This constitutes an innovative approach both in MNC-related literatures and literatures on culture and commitment. This study adopts positivism as a philosophical approach and uses the extensive review and analysis of literature to build a theory and three studies to test the theory. The methodology of quantitative research employs the three-stage research design; thus, triangulation, a research technique, is used to enhance the rigor of the research findings. Quantitative data analysis involved hypotheses testing using Correlation Analysis, Covariance Analysis, Factor Analysis, Discriminant Analysis, Multiple Regression Analysis and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) research techniques. Major contributions to theory include the development of a research methodology which provides robust conceptualization and measurement of the culture-commitment link and transmission of the culture of the HQs of multinational companies to their subsidiary operations in Asia under the Resource-Based View (RBV) theoretical framework for the analysis of multinational companies in the era of globalization. The results of this research may lead to the conclusion that (a) culture can be regarded as a valuable strategic resource of a company based on the fact of the existence of a strong relationship between culture and commitment, where commitment is considered to be one of the indices of performance, and (b) the transmission of culture in the form of a successful transfer of its major value-components from HQs to subsidiaries indeed takes place. This enables the creation of commitment of the employees in subsidiaries similar to that in HQs, which in turn provides the company with unique and valuable resources that should be regarded as the sources of competitive advantage of this Japanese MNC.
18
Chan-Tang, Hoi-Sing. "Cytokine production by cultured bovine mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T) upon stimulation with lipopolysaccharide". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0001/MQ44144.pdf.
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Torres, M. Henry. "Espacio patrimonial y cultural casa Mac Iver : rehabilitación cultural y puesta en valor del patrimonio arquitectónico de Constitución". Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2012. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/112561.
Abstract (sommario):
ArquitectoEl presente proyecto nace de la necesidad de reconocer dentro de la ciudad de Constitución hitos arquitectónicos y/o urbanos de interés patrimonial que no presenten una protección ni reconocimiento legal, lo que no quiere decir que para la propia comunidad sean elementos irrelevantes, sino todo lo contrario, son elementos que los sienten como propios, como parte de su paisaje urbano y de su memoria histórica. En esta idea, es que el proyecto toma el caso de una vivienda familiar urbana de finales del siglo XIX muy característica de la zona central del país, cuyos propietarios son los descendientes del destacado político chileno Enrique Mac Iver Rodríguez. Con este panorama, es que el proyecto intenta salvaguardar este patrimonio arquitectónico de la ciudad generando una re funcionalización en su programa, entregando un espacio a la comunidad que por mucho tiempo estuvo completamente cerrado y que actualmente sufre las consecuencias del abandono.
20
Kijkla, Pruch. "Biocide Mitigation of Carbon Steel and Stainless Steel Biocorrosion by Pure-Strain and Mixed-Culture Microbial Biofilms". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1619007982435067.
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Sanders, Douglass M. Jr. ""Rock the mic!" the influence of hip-hop culture on black boys' attitude in school: a critical ethnography". DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 2012. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/446.
Abstract (sommario):
Hip-Hop educational research is critical to understanding the plight of black boys in public schools throughout the United States. This qualitative inquiry fills a void in the research literature that often fails to include the emic perspectives of the participants involved. To confront the challenges black male youth face in school studies that capture their salient voices about lived-experiences are crucial. Nonetheless, this critical ethnography provides a praxis for educational practitioners to use to gain valuable insight into the minds of school age black males. This study contributes to the canon of educational research by situating hip-hop culture and its various elements as independent variables that have a direct impact on black male youth and their attitude in school. This study is also different in that it adds three additional components to hip-hop culture that include fashion/style, language, and behavior. Historically, these three elements are discussed as a part of the four cornerstones: DJing, Rapping/emceeing, Breakdancing, and Graffiti Art. However, this investigation isolates these three as separate elements that should be included in discussions about hip-hop educational research due to their profound influence on the current generation of black male youth in public schools throughout the United States.
22
Lagrosen, Oscar, e Erik Abrahamsson. "Connect by Similarities:Together we make a difference : A multi-method case-study exploring theorganizational culture of an MNC". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för marknadsföring (MF), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-104941.
Abstract (sommario):
Today’s international and connected environment has amplified the frequency of project business as a means to realize large transnational and global investments in world infrastructure. However, to realize an international infrastructure project, large collaboration among the right actors must be formed. A common and pressing issue is communication barriers and misunderstandings, hampering a single company’s capabilities to take full advantage of the opportunities auctioned or mutually created. Therefore, the purpose of this thesis is to explore the potential impact the organizational culture within a particular MNC had in regards to effective project formation and how to overcome these communication barriers. This thesis has been conducted with NKT, which provides turnkey cable solutions worldwide to connect various places and infrastructures. They are, therefore, active within a project business setting where they, together with other actors, collaborate intensively to deliver the solutions to their customers, i. e. nations. In 2021, they have set the work culture high on the agenda to connect a better world, a safer and more inclusive work environment, and advance more value to their stakeholders. We believe NKT provides an extraordinary opportunity to research in-depth how the organizational culture can be effectively utilized in project business since this is a unique scenario and NKT shows a high degree of cultural awareness. Thanks to our cooperation, we could conduct a multi-method case study to investigate the phenomenon thoroughly. The theoretical framework displays project business through collaboration, communication, and organizational culture using a constructionist perspective. The chapter concludes with a theoretical synthesis portraying the cohesion between these concepts. The methodology chapter illustrates how we performed this study, followed by the empirical chapter showing the rich material we have gathered. The analysis chapter links the findings to our theoretical framework, followed by the concluding chapter answering our research question and stating implications, recommendations, and suggestions for future research. The outcome of this thesis showcases the strength and importance of a harmonious organizational culture, coupled with open and highly systematic communication and documentation as a solid foundation for more collaborations using the network approach, which in turn increases trust, reputation, and capabilities to act on opportunities within project business. Significant implications are the importance of common vocabulary and interest, the significance of contexts and co-creation of meaning for communication, and the perfect alignment to mega-trends, in this case, sustainability.
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Maaroufi, Semeh, e Amna Asad. "Leadership Style & Challenges of MCT Management : Case Study- Swedish Construction MNC". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-328344.
Abstract (sommario):
Ongoing globalization in business world has led to increase diversity of workforce.Organizations are relying more and more on people coming from all over the world withdifferent backgrounds, nationalities, culture, race etc. Operating in such multiculturalenvironment has forced MNCs to recognize the importance of retaining highly qualified leadersto manage multicultural employees and more specifically to pay attention on the differentchallenges that they might face. In such multicultural environment, it’s important that managershave the required competencies to manage people from culturally diverse background.The purpose of this study is to investigate in detail the most suitable leadership styles toovercome the challenges of multicultural project teams so that organizations can gaincompetitive advantage over others. To find the most suitable leadership styles, firstly weinvestigated based on literature the most important challenges and issues that both projectmanagers and multicultural teams face. Secondly, we defined the project managers who areable to identify and overcome the challenges of multicultural teams. Thirdly, we analysed theleadership style and competencies of project managers who are aware of the differentchallenges of MCT to find out the most suitable and common leadership style in the studiedindustry. The research is a qualitative single case study focusing on one construction MNCnamely ‘Skanska’ in Sweden.In this study, we found three common leadership styles presented among project managersnamely; mix of servant plus transformational leadership, mix of transformational andtransactional leadership, and lastly transformational leadership style. Findings from the studyshow that mix of servant and transactional leadership is the most suitable leadership style formanaging multicultural project teams in construction industry, while it seems also thattransformational leadership style is being the most common style as every project leaderpossess some traits of it.
24
Gao, Huiyi. "Pratiques de la planification stratégique et effets du contexte culturel : cas des MNC françaises en Chine". Lyon 3, 2009. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/out/theses/2009_out_gao_h.pdf.
Abstract (sommario):
Le développement des activités des MNC (Multinational Corporation) à l’étranger soulève la question des effets des différences culturelles sur leurs pratiques managériales, comme par exemple la planification stratégique qui est toujours une source de débats académiques et un des outils managériaux les plus utilisés. Le contexte culturel en Chine est considéré comme unique en raison de son évolution continue sous les influences multiples des valeurs traditionnelles, des facteurs idéologiques communistes et des impacts de la globalisation qui la poussent vers le devant de la scène de l’économie mondiale. Nous nous intéressons ici à décrire les pratiques de la planification stratégique des MNC françaises en Chine et à construire des enseignements et des propositions liés aux effets culturels du contexte. Démarrant par une perspective d’analyse en trois aspects de « strategy as practice », nous croisons les cinq caractéristiques actuelles de la planification stratégique dans la littérature occidentale et les six groupes de dimensions culturelles sélectionnées à la fois nationales et organisationnelles dans le contexte chinois des MNC. Puis, à partir d’une démarche qualitative par étude de cas, les expériences des expatriés français et des managers chinois nous aident à construire un modèle de la pratique stratégique, sous la métaphore du « train », qui englobe nos propositions à la fois conceptuelles et opératoiresThe development of foreign activities by MNC (Multinational Corporations) raises the question of how do cultural differences affect their managerial practices, such as strategic planning which has always been source of academic debates and one of most widely used managerial tools. The cultural context in China is regarded as unique because of its continued evolution under the influence of traditional values, communist ideological factors and modern-day economic globalization. This research is interested in describing the practice of strategic planning of French MNCs in China, draw conclusions and formulate propositions related to the cultural context effects. Starting with a three-pronged analysis of strategy as practice, we then cross-examine the five current features of strategic planning in Western literature and the six groups of national and organizational cultural dimensions that MNC encounter in the Chinese context. Then, drawing from a qualitative case study, the experiences of French expatriates and Chinese managers help us construct a model of strategic practice, rendered accessible by using the metaphor of a "train", which includes both our conceptual and operative propositions
25
Guerra, Patricia, Valentina Lugli e Flores Mario Alberto Parra. "How to improve the knowledge sharing within a MNC : The case of PROACT GROUP". Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Business Studies, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-106343.
Abstract (sommario):
This Project Research is the result of our Master Thesis, which concerns the attitude of sharing knowledge among managers and employees across countries inside a Multinational Corporation.
This thesis deals with the question of how multinationals work with knowledge embedded in people which must be transferred within the company itself and among this latter and its subsidiaries.
According to the premise that knowledge is arguably one of the most important factor in today's economy, the key challenge for companies, therefore, is to develop, apply and then transfer knowledge, in order to improve the competitive advantage. On the bases of it, we would like to analyze the overall transfer knowledge process and from a human resources management point of view, we would like to individuate the stones which block this process and then to discuss the probable implications for multinationals.
We have chosen PROACT Group, a consultancy services, support and systems firm in the fields of storage and archiving as our case study.
This study involves a survey on thirty-two participants among managers and employees from the eight international subsidiaries of the PROACT Group. We have used a multilevel analysis, including top line level and bottom line level to retrieve comprehensive data on knowledge sharing to do an in-depth analysis of the staff's knowledge sharing in the organization. At bottom line level, this research tries to identify the employee's cognitive feelings of shared knowledge. At top line level, the manager's knowledge sharing behaviours with employees and the factors affecting knowledge sharing behaviours in teams. We also test moderating factors in both levels in order to get the willingness to share their knowledge in the organization.
This study examines three keys aspects which include transfer knowledge process, culture influences and incentives to deal with the barriers.
26
Allen, Abigail E. "The Effects of a Set of Novel Compounds on Interferon-gamma Induced Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) Class II Molecules in Cultured Thyroid Cells". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1534199427178941.
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Olsson, Kristin, e Sofia Lindkvist. "Knowledge transfer across cultures in the manufacturing industry : A study of Scania’s global implementation of employer branding". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-179787.
Abstract (sommario):
The purpose of this paper was to examine how cultural differences affect an MNC’s knowledge transfer of the concept employer branding, and what support subsidiaries need from headquarters for the MNC to become a global employer brand. The result is based on theoretical findings of employer branding, knowledge transfer and culture, applied to interview results at Scania. The knowledge transfer of the concept employer branding involves the implementation of a global employer branding communication platform. Findings show that Scania face challenges in employer branding awareness within the MNC, knowledge transfer internalization in subsidiaries, and balance of standardization and adaptation in connection to cultural dimensions of the markets. To overcome these challenges, Scania needs to further develop relational, social and organizational contexts for the MNC to become a global premium employer brand. The thesis has high originality since it gives implications to a specific MNC regarding the specific topic employer branding in a certain time of the implementation process.
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Mohamud, Gurey Idil, e Helin Sarihan. "Ett multinationellt företags organisationskultur i två länder : En komparativ studie om ett multinationellt företags kontor i Sverige och Storbritannien". Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Företagsekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-41251.
Abstract (sommario):
Organisationskultur är ett centralt tema för forskning inom organisationsteori där det är uppenbart att kulturella dimensionen påverkar alla aspekter av en organisation. Denna dimension präglar det sätt människor i ett företag tänker, värderar samt reagerar på ideér, åsikter och föreställningar som till sin natur är kulturella (Alvesson, 2015). Syftet med denna undersökning var att få en ökad förståelse kring ett multinationellt företags organisationskultur inom digitalkameraindustrin, genom att jämföra två kontor belägna i olika länder. Det ena kontoret beläget i Storbritannien och det andra i Sverige. Detta görs genom en komparativ undersökning för att kunna belysa potentiella likheter samt skillnader som kan finnas hos ett multinationellt företag där individers kulturella normer och värderingar kan forma organisationskulturens landskap. I studien genomfördes flertalet semistrukturerade intervjuer med individer som hade en ledarskapsposition i företaget. Intervjuerna speglade deras syn på organisationskulturen inom respektive kontor. Resultatet från studien har påvisat både skillnader samt likheter kring organisationskulturen inom respektive kontor. I studien kom det fram att båda kontoren hade liknande praktiker kring uppdelning av arbete och gemensamma åsikter gällande synen på, samt behandlingen av medarbetare. Det som skilde deras organisationskultur åt var tonen i kommunikationen samt relationen mellan underordnade och överordnade. Det svenska kontoret hade en plattare hierarki och en informell kommunikation, medan det brittiska kontoret skiljde sig åt ur den aspekten till en viss grad.Organizational culture is a central theme within the field of organizational theory and it is essential to note that the cultural dimension affects all aspects of an organization. It informs the way individuals within a company think, value and react to ideas, opinions and notions that are in their essence cultural (Alvesson, 2015). The purpose of the study was to gain an increased understanding of a multinational corporation’s organizational culture within the digital camera industry, by comparing two offices located in different countries. One in the United Kingdom and the other in Sweden. This was achieved through a comparative study in order to shine a light on potential similarities and differences that might exist within a multinational corporation, where an individual’s cultural norms and values may shape the landscape of the organizational culture. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a number of people with a leadership position within the company to gain insight on the culture within their respective offices. The result showed both commonalities and differences between the two offices regarding the organizational culture. Both offices shared practices regarding the distribution of work and held similar views on the treatment of coworkers. A prominent difference between the office's culture was the tone of communication and relationship between superiors and subordinates. The swedish office had quite a flat hierarchy and an informal style of communication compared to the british office, which leaned in the opposite direction to a degree.
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OLIVEIRA, Ana Flávia Teodoro de Mendonça. "A representação cultural da deficiência nos discursos midiáticos do Portal do Professor do MEC". Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2014. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/12985.
Abstract (sommario):
Submitted by Luiz Felipe Barbosa (luiz.fbabreu2@ufpe.br) on 2015-04-13T12:22:43Z
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CAPES
A partir do entendimento de que a deficiência é também produzida pela linguagem, buscamos, nesta tese, investigar qual a representação cultural da deficiência nos discursos midiáticos do Portal do Professor do MEC, especificando suas articulações com os saberes e poderes que operam na constituição desses sujeitos. O suporte teórico foi buscado em Michel Foucault e em autores ligados ao campo teórico dos Estudos Culturais de vertente pós-estruturalista, como Silva, Costa, Veiga - Neto, Wortmann, Silveira, entre outros. Michel Foucault oferece-nos as ferramentas teóricas e metodológicas com as quais podemos analisar os discursos, valendo-nos, também, das noções de saber, poder e objetivação. O corpus de análise consiste em um conjunto de documentos que vão desde as aulas produzidas no ―espaço da aula‖, passando pelas publicações no ―jornal do professor‖, em que se encontram artigos ligados à deficiência, aos discursos dos profissionais da educação veiculados nos vídeos institucionais, até músicas, artigos de revistas, histórias em quadrinhos (HQs), vídeos do youtube, textos da literatura infantil, que tomaram a deficiência por tema e a constituíram como objeto de conhecimento e de arte. Os achados da pesquisa mostram que a produção da deficiência, no espaço formativo do Portal, acontece por meio da articulação de diferentes discursos, evidenciando que esses sujeitos são construídos através dos saberes e poderes de diversas ciências, levando-nos a reconhecer que a deficiência nada mais é que a regularidade de certos temas, imagens e falas que se repetem em diferentes discursos. Em outras palavras, podemos dizer que os sujeitos que enunciam no Portal se apropriam e fazem circular discursos sobre a deficiência oriunda do campo da medicina, da psicologia, da pedagogia, do discurso da diversidade, da inclusão, além do discurso religioso, que se ocupam em nomear e narrar essas pessoas, fazendo surgir múltiplas representações culturais. Constatamos também que o discurso sobre a deficiência apresenta-se híbrido, pois, ao mesmo tempo em que se fundamenta num discurso inclusivo, afirmando o direito de ser diferente e enfatizando tudo aquilo que torna as pessoas com deficiência indivíduos verdadeiramente individuais, em contrapartida, atacam essa individualidade, fazendo aparecer um sujeito universal, reduzido nas conceitualizações médicas e psicológicas da deficiência. Outros achados revelam que a representação da deficiência fundamenta-se em um discurso antagônico, evidenciando que esses sujeitos vão sendo constituídos e significados de maneiras múltiplas, mas nem sempre de maneira harmônica ou linear. Assim, se por um lado temos a produção do herói deficiente, representado por discursos que enaltecem as capacidades sobre-humanas desses sujeitos, por outro lado temos os discursos que apresentam os sujeitos com deficiência a partir de suas incapacidades, de suas limitações e supostas ―faltas‖. Assim, poderíamos dizer que a pessoa com deficiência é, ao mesmo tempo, selvagem (monstro), e ainda o mais obediente e puro dos seres; ele é a encarnação do herói e, todavia, incapaz de realizar as tarefas mais simples; ele é inocente como uma criança e, todavia, é incitado a falar dos detalhes mais íntimos de sua vida amorosa e sexual. Nesse sentido, esperamos que nossa tese contribua de alguma forma para questionar as lentes com que as pessoas com deficiência são vistas, e com que enunciados esses indivíduos com deficiência são falados nos processos formativos virtuais, como aqueles que acontecem no Portal do Professor do MEC.
30
Carlton, Morgan M. "Proteomic characterisation of rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells cultured in 'stemness' promoting conditions". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2018. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/117288/1/Morgan_Carlton_Thesis.pdf.
Abstract (sommario):
This thesis investigates the effect of 'stemness' promoting growth conditions on mesenchymal stem cells. A proteomics approach was used to evaluate the biology of the cells and to determine how each of the growth conditions affected cellular differentiation. Several proteins of interest were identified, and their biological roles were assessed.
31
Besse, Laurent. "Les MJC, 1959-1981 : de l'été des blousons noirs à l'été des Minguettes /". Rennes : Presses universitaires de Rennes, 2008. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41222264n.
32
Javidi, Linda, Waronen Johanna Raga e Maria Orrstenius. "All Aboard the Change Train : Administrative Heritage and Its Influence on Rebranding". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-325144.
Abstract (sommario):
Research Questions: How does the different aspects of administrative heritage influence the internal acceptance of a rebranding? What are the main determinants of administrative heritage for the internal acceptance of a rebranding? Purpose: The purpose is to investigate how administrative heritage affects multinational corporations in order to leverage strengths and counterbalance limitations when striving for internal acceptance of a rebranding. Method: This study applied a qualitative research with an abductive approach. A single case study was conducted and data was collected using semi-structured interviews from employees at different departments of an organization. Conclusion: The result of this study has developed the concept of administrative heritage in relation to rebranding and have presented how and what aspects to leverage and counterbalance within strategy, structure and culture. The study has come to the conclusion that an MNC can leverage the strengths of strategy, structure and culture through communication which essentially creates inclusion, shared beliefs, brand champions, trust and headquarters culture. The aspect of strategy mostly affects rebranding on a general level whilst structure and culture have more direct influence on the internal acceptance of a rebranding.
33
Drougard, Marion. "Compréhension et contrôle de la morphologie des champignons filamenteux en culture liquide". Thesis, Paris, Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018IAVF0019.
Abstract (sommario):
La biotechnologie exploite depuis de très nombreuses années une importante collection de micro-organismes pour fabriquer des produits dans des secteurs tels que l’alimentation et la santé. Elle s’inscrit aujourd’hui parfaitement dans la transition écologique du secteur de la chimie et de l’environnement, en concevant des produits performants pour substituer les produits d’origine pétrolière. Les champignons filamenteux représentent d’importants organismes en biotechnologies industrielles, largement utilisés pour la production de métabolites d’intérêts commerciaux tels que les antibiotiques, les enzymes ou encore les acides organiques. Leurs mises en œuvre en milieu liquide attirent continuellement de nouvelles recherches afin de surmonter les problèmes associés à leur comportement. En effet ce mode de culture engendre différentes morphologies fongiques, dépendantes principalement de leur propriétés biologiques intrinsèques mais aussi des conditions physico-chimiques au sein de leur environnement. Cette caractéristique conditionne bien souvent leur mise en œuvre et leur productivité.Cette thèse propose une étude originale dont l’objectif est d’identifier et de contrôler les phénomènes sous-jacents qui influent sur la morphogénèse des champignons. Pour cela nous proposons des recherches couplant des études fondamentales et appliquées sur plusieurs souches de fort intérêt industriel. Nous avons investigué, mis au point et développé différentes techniques pionnières dans la maitrise de la morphologie fongique. La mise en œuvre de microparticules et le développement d’une technique d’encapsulation par microfluidique ont permis de confirmer et d’approfondir les mécanismes relatifs à l’agrégation des conidies de champignon. D’autre part, l’ajout de sels minéraux dans le milieu de culture a montré l’affranchissement de l’agrégation des hyphes de champignons. Pour concrétiser une extrapolation des résultats vers un procédé industriel, ces outils ont également été implémentés au cours des premières étapes de changement d’échelle. Ainsi ces travaux apportent des résultats et des perspectives concrètes dans la maîtrise des bioprocédés impliquant les champignons filamenteuxBiotechnology has for many years operated a large collection of microorganisms in food and health sectors. Today, this field fits perfectly into the ecological transition of chemical and environmental sectors, by designing high-performance processes to replace petroleum products. Filamentous fungi represent important organisms in industrial biotechnologies, widely used for the production of metabolites with strong commercial interests such as antibiotics, enzymes or organic acids. Their implementation in submerged environment is continually attracting new research to overcome issues associated with their behavior. Indeed, this mode of cultivation generates different fungal morphologies, mainly dependent on their intrinsic biological properties but also on physico-chemical conditions within their environment. This characteristic of filamentous fungi very often influences their implementation and their productivity.This thesis proposes an original study to identify and control the underlying phenomena that influence fungal morphogenesis. To this end, we propose research combining fundamental and applied studies on several strains of strong industrial interest. We have investigated and developed various pioneering techniques for the control of fungal morphology. Microparticles implementation and development of a microfluidic encapsulation technique allowed us to confirm and deepen the aggregation mechanisms of fungal conidia. On the other hand, the addition of mineral salts in the culture medium prevented hyphae aggregation. To validate an extrapolation of these results towards an industrial process, these tools were also implemented during the first steps of scale-up. These works bring results and perspectives in the control of bioprocesses involving filamentous fungi
34
Medeiros, Grasiela de Oliveira Rodrigues. "Diagnóstico da erosão e a expansão da cultura da cana-de-açúcar no Estado de São Paulo". Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), 2016. http://urlib.net/sid.inpe.br/mtc-m21b/2016/06.29.19.24.
Abstract (sommario):
O solo é um componente chave para o funcionamento do Sistema Terrestre e encontra-se na superfície do planeta onde dão-se as interfaces entre a atmosfera, Pedosfera, biosfera e litosfera. No entanto, este recurso vem sofrendo pressões antrópicas que conduzem ao aumento das áreas degradadas e, consequentemente, abandonadas em regiões anteriormente produtivas. Esta pesquisa de caráter multidisciplinar teve como objetivo avaliar a expansão da cana-de-açúcar para o Estado de São Paulo considerando projeções climáticas e a degradação do solo por erosão. Sendo assim, a primeira fase metodológica abordou a estimava das taxas de perda de solo para o Estado de São Paulo utilizando a Equação Universal da Perda de Solo (USLE), modelo amplamente utilizados em estudos de conservação do solo. A partir desta estimativa foi calculado o Índice do Tempo de Vida do Solo, uma ferramenta diagnóstica capaz de avaliar o nível de degradação dos solos em função das taxas estimadas de erosão hídrica e de renovação dos solos. De acordo com esta metodologia, foram consideradas duas abordagens: i) a primeira determinou o tempo remanescente para que o perfil do solum (horizontes A+B) fosse degradado até atingir uma profundidade crítica de 1 m; ii) a segunda, inédita, considerou o tempo remanescente para que a camada superficial de 0,25 m do solo, rica em nutrientes, fosse perdida por erosão. Os resultados dessas etapas mostraram que a taxa média estimada de perda de solo é de 30 Mg ha$^{-1}$ ano$^{-1}$ e que 59\% da área do estado apresentaram taxas estimadas de perda de solo acima de 12 Mg ha$^{-1}$ ano$^{-1}$, limite de tolerância médio considerado na literatura. Os resultados também mostraram que as taxas médias de perda de solo encontradas para as áreas utilizadas para o plantio de culturas anuais, semi-perenes e perenes foi de, respectivamente, 118 Mg ha$^{-1}$ ano$^{-1}$ , 78 Mg ha$^{-1}$ ano$^{-1}$ e 38 Mg ha$^{-1}$ ano$^{-1}$ . Assim, de forma geral, esta fase do estudo permitiu concluir que o Estado de São Paulo requer atenção com relação a conservação dos seus solos principalmente no que diz respeito aos usos agrícolas. A segunda fase metodológica consistiu na criação de um modelo de expansão da cana-de-açúcar capaz de simular a expansão da área cultivada com cana-de-açúcar para o Estado de São Paulo utilizando o arcabouço de modelagem LuccME, desenvolvido no Centro de Ciência do Sistema Terrestre (CCST) do Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE). Foram realizadas simulações para o período de 2005-2010, validação para o ano de 2012 e projeções para o ano de 2050. As projeções consideraram os dados simulados de temperatura do ar e precipitação do RCP 4.5 e 8.5 gerados pelo modelo \emph{Hadley Centre Global Environment Model}, version 2-Earth System (HadGEM2-ES) do \emph{Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5} (CMIP5) que indicaram aumento da temperatura do ar e precipitação para os cenários analisados; além de dados de produtividade futura da cana-de-açúcar estimados via Modelo Integrado de Processos Superficiais (INLAND). Estas simulações de produtividade, por sua vez, também consideraram as projeções climáticas RCP 4.5 e 8.5 e indicaram maior aumento de produtividade para RCP 8.5. Os resultados do modelo de expansão da cana-de-açúcar indicaram um acerto de 68,89\% em comparação dos dados simulados com os dados mapeados via projeto CANASAT para o mesmo ano. Estes resultados, comparados aos resultados da primeira fase do trabalho (degradação do solo por erosão) apontaram que em 2050 a expansão da cana-de-açúcar no estado de São Paulo prevista neste trabalho considerando-se as previsões climáticas RCP 4.5 acarretará em prejuízos no que diz respeito à degradação do solo, uma vez que, se direcionará para regiões susceptíveis à erosão.The soil is a key component for the functioning of the Earth system and lies on the surface of the planet at the interfaces of the atmosphere, pedosphere, biosphere and lithosphere. However, this resource is affected by human pressures leading to an increase in degraded areas which eventually, become lost for agricultural purposes. This multidisciplinary research aimed to evaluate the expansion of sugarcane in the State of São Paulo, Brazil, considering climate projections and soil degradation resulting from erosion. Thus, the first methodological phase of this study established estimates of soil loss rates for the State of São Paulo by the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE), a model widely used in soil conservation studies. From this estimate, the Soil Lifetime Index was calculated, a diagnostic tool to assess the land degradation level, defined by the estimated erosion and soil renewal rates. This methodology was applied in two steps: i) first, we estimated the remaining time of degradation of the solum profile (horizons A + B) until reaching a critical depth of 1 m; ii) second, the remaining time for erosion loss of the nutrient-rich soil surface layer of 0.25 m. The results of these steps showed that the average estimated soil loss rate was 30 Mg ha$^{-1}$ yr$^{-1}$ and that the estimated soil loss rates exceeded the average tolerance limit, found in the literature, of 12 Mg ha$^{-1}$ yr-1, in 59\% of the area. Thus, in this part of the study, the conclusion was drawn that measures must be taken for the entire state of Sao Paulo in relation to soil conservation, especially with regard to agricultural management. The second methodological stage consisted in creating a model of sugarcane expansion to simulate the expansion of sugarcane fields in the State of São Paulo using LuccME, a modeling framework developed at the Center for Earth System Science (CCST), the National Institute for Space Research (INPE). Simulations were performed from 2005 to 2010, validation in 2012, resulting in projections for 2050. The data used were simulated air temperature and precipitation data of the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP 4.5 and 8.5 from projections generated by the Hadley Centre Global Environment Model, version 2-Earth System (HadGEM2-ES) of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5). These projections indicated an increase in air temperature and precipitation for the scenarios analyzed, as well as higher sugarcane yields in the future or future sugarcane yields, estimated by the Integrated Model of Surface Processes (INLAND). The climate projections RCP 4.5 and 8.5 were also considered in the simulations and both indicated yield increases, especially for 8.5 RCP. The results of the sugarcane expansion model showed a peak or an extreme result of 68.89\% compared with the CANASAT project for the same year. These results, compared to the results of the first phase of the work (soil degradation by erosion), indicated that by 2050, under the climate predictions of RCP 4.5, sugarcane expansion in the state of São Paulo will result in losses with regard to soil degradation, since the sugarcane fields will most likely have reached erosion-susceptible regions.
35
Silva, Hélio Ricardo. "Técnicas de geoprocessamento na estimativa das áreas de culturas de verão". Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, 1994. http://urlib.net/sid.inpe.br/mtc-m12/2011/02.01.15.51.
Abstract (sommario):
As culturas de verão são de grande importância para a economia brasileira, pois são responsáveis por mais de 80\% da produção anual de grãos. Assim, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo discriminar as culturas de verão através da integração de dados multitemporais, obtidos durante vários ciclos agrícolas, utilizando dados TM/Landsat-5 e cartográficos associados com a tecnologia computacional através de um sistema de processamento de imagens, sistema de informações geográficas e banco de dados relacional. As culturas estudadas foram a soja (Glycine max (L). Merrill ), o milho ( Zea mays L.) e o algodão( Gossypium hirsutum L.) os dados sobre estas culturas em cada talhão das propriedades, referentes aos anos agrícolas 89/90 e 90/91, as intenções de plantio no ano 91/92, bem como as verdades terrestres, foram coletados durante as campanhas de campo realizadas ao longo do ano agrícola 91/92 na área de estudo, que se localiza no município de Guaíra (SP). Foram extraídos os níveis de cinza das seis bandas refletivas (onze datas de passagem) do TM/Landsat 5, os quais foram transformados para valores de reflectância, após a correção dos efeitos atmosféricos, com os dados das bandas TM (3), TM (4) e TM (5) foram classificadas as imagens obtidas nas fases de preparo dos solos (fase 0) e de maturação/colheita (fase 3) no ciclo agrícola 91/92 através do método hibrido de classificação de imagens digitais e após a operação "Tabulação Cruzada" (SGI/INPE) foram realizadas as PROJEÇÕES ou seja as previsões de áreas a serem plantadas por tipo de cultura neste ano agrícola. Entre as conclusões obtidas as principais foram as seguintes: a utilização de dados históricos referentes a apenas dois anos agrícolas (89/90 e 90/91), armazenados nos bancos de dados multitemporais, contribuiu para que o desempenho da classificação da imagem de 21/10/91 fosse superior a 80\% , a utilização da imagem de 13/03/92, não forneceu bom resultado para a Quarta Projeção, pois nesta data mais de 25\% da área já estava colhida e mais de 70\% dos talhões se encontravam num estágio da fase 3 que redundou em confusão, principalmente com os talhões que estavam com solos preparados, assim recomenda-se a utilização de imagens anteriores a esta data a obtenção da Quarta Projeção, a interface Banco de Dados Relacional/SITIM/SGI, mostrou-se eficiente e de fácil manuseio, possibilitando assim a obtenção de um bom desempenho na classificação da Imagem Recortada de 21/10/91; a diversidade dos estágios fenológicos das culturas de verão que variaram de talhões com culturas recém germinadas ate talhões com culturas totalmente secas e solos em diversos estágios de preparo, sugerem que um maior número de Bancos de Dados sejam criados para melhorar o desempenho da classificação.Those grains planted during summer are very important for the Brazilian economy because over 80\% of its' yearly production are grown during this season. So the objective of this work was to discriminate the summer cultures by the integration of multi-temporal data, obtained during several agricultural cycles, using the following data: TM/Landsat 5 images and cartographic data, an image analysis system, a geographic information system, and a relational data bank. The crops studied were: soybean (Glycine max (L) Merrill), maize(Zea mays L.) and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). During field campaigns the following data were obtained: ground truth data for these crops referring to agricultural years 89/90 and 90/91, the intentions of planting for 91/92 in the region around the town of Guaíra, São Paulo State. The gray levels of the six reflected bands from TM/Landsat were extracted and transformed to reflectance values after atmospheric correction. Using data from bands TM (3), TM (4)and TM (5) the images were classified during the phases of soil preparation (Phase 0) and ripening/harvest (Phase 3). During the agricultural year 91/92, using the hybrid image classification method, and after performing "crossed tabulation" (GIS/INPE), were made projections that is, forecast of areas to be planted for each crop in that agricultural year. The main conclusions derived from this study are: the use of historical data referring to only two agricultural years (89/90 and 90/91), stored in a multi-temporal data bank, contributed to increase the classification accuracy of the image from Oct. 21st '91 to more than 80\%; the use of the imaqe from March 13th '92 did not show up a good result for the Fourth Projection, because by this time, over 25\% of the area was already harvested and over 70\% of the fields were at Phase 3 of the agricultural cycle. The result of this was confusion, specially at those fields with prepared soils. Being so, we suggest the use of images of an earlier date to obtain the Fourth Projection. The interface among Relational data bank/SITIM/GIS was easy to handle and allowed a good performance of image classification from Oct. 21st '91. The diversity of phenologic stages of summer crops that varied from fields of recently-germinated cultures to fields with completely dry cultures and soils in different stages of preparation, suggest the establishment of a larger number of data banks to improve the classification accuracy.
36
Pierre-Collet, Gwenaëlle. "Rétention de virus en ultrafiltration : protocole de caractérisation". Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/986/.
Abstract (sommario):
Le problème abordé dans ce travail est celui de la mise au point d'un protocole raisonné de détermination de l'abattement du nombre de virus par une membrane de filtration, dans des conditions proches de celles que l'on rencontre dans le domaine du traitement de l'eau. Pour cela, ont été recherchées parmi les conditions opératoires, celles qui conduisent au transfert le plus important, de manière à révéler d'éventuelles faiblesses dans les matériaux testés. Au cours de cette étude, les phages MS2 et Qbeta ont été choisis comme indicateurs. Leurs comportements en suspension dans divers solvants, en statique aux interfaces puis en dynamique en cours de filtration ont été étudiés. Le protocole mis au point a été ensuite testé à l'échelle du laboratoire sur diverses membranes intègres, sur des membranes présentant un défaut (trou) et enfin à l'échelle pilote sur des installations mises à notre disposition par deux industriels. Les méthodes de détection et de quantification employées et comparées sont le dénombrement après mise en culture et la RT-PCR quantitative avec et sans extraction. Ces méthodes permettent au sein d'un prélèvement l'identification des différentes formes sous lesquelles les particules virales se trouvent : infectieuse, désactivée et détérioréeProblem addressed in this work is the development of a rational protocol for determining the reduction of viruses by membrane filtration in conditions close to those encountered in water treatment. To do this, were researched among the operating conditions, those leading to the largest transfer, in order to reveal possible weaknesses in the materials tested. In this study, bacteriophages MS2 and Qbeta were chosen as indicators. Their behaviors in suspension in various solvents, in static during contact with interfaces and in dynamic during filtration were studied. The protocol developped was then tested in various laboratory scales using virgin membrane and through membranes with one defect (hole). Finally the validation of the protocol has been conducted on pilot scale facilities supplied by two manufacturers. The detection and quantification methods used and compared are the cell culture (PFU method) and RT-PCR with and without extraction. These methods allow in a sample the determination of the various forms in which viral particles are likely to be present: infectious, disactivated and broken
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Carmo, Inês Miguel Troles Duarte do. "Food waste valorization through the production of polyhydroxyalkanoates by mixed microbial cultures". Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/10454.
Abstract (sommario):
Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em
Engenharia Química e BioquímicaPolyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are polyesters of hydroxyl fatty acids, which are accumulated in microbial cells as carbon/energy reserves. PHAs are bio-based and biodegradable and display a wide range of thermoplastic properties, being a promising alternative to conventional plastics. Presently, industrial PHA production was primarily based on pure microbial cultures. Although this process has high PHA production efficiency, it presents high costs associated with the use of chemically-defined feedstocks, and to the need for sterility. An attractive feature of mixed microbial cultures (MMCs) PHAs production is the ability to use waste/surplus feedstocks. Many industrial wastes are seasonally produced making it necessary find the best method of utilization of this feedstock on PHA production process. Two different approaches might be taken account: (1) stock of industrial wastes during their production for their use throughout the year. However, the high fermentability of these agro-industrial wastes makes them susceptible to degradation during storage period; (2) the use of different feedstocks over the year according its availability. It is thus important to study MMC’s response to different feedstocks. The aim of this work is study how MMC PHA production process is affected by a feedstock shift, using cheese whey (CW) and sugar cane molasses (SCM) as model feedstocks. The use of waste based feedstock by MMCs requires a previous conversion of sugars to organic acids (OAs), which is achieved through anaerobic fermentation. In this study, a three-stage MMC PHA process was used, comprising: (1) anaerobic fermentation of surplus feedstocks to produce OAs in a membrane bioreactor (AnMBR); (2) PHA accumulating culture selection in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) under feast and famine conditions using fermented feedstocks; and (3) PHA production using the selected cultures and the OAs produced in the earlier stages. Initially the effect of both feedstocks (CW and, SCM) in the acidogenic fermentation (stage 1) was assessed. Firstly, the AnMBR was operated under steady state with CW. When the feedstock was changed to SCM an adaption period of about 10 to 15 days was observed. When SCM was replaced by CW a faster adaptation response, approximately 7 days, was observed. The AnMBR reached similar OAs profiles in both phases when CW was fed (% g-COD HAA/g-COD OAs): 65% acetate, 10% propionate, 22% butyrate, 2% valerate, and 1% lactate. These results demonstrate that the system’s performance is reproducible. On the other hand, the anaerobic fermentation of a different feedstock, SCM, resulted in a different OAs profile (%g-COD HAA/g-COD OAs): 24% acetate, 38% propionate, 19% butyrate, and 19% valerate. In a second phase, different fermented feedstocks were used in the selection of PHA-storing organisms under a feast and famine regime in a SBR (stage 2). Initially the SBR was fed with a synthetic OAs solution; then fermented SCM (fSCM) and fermented CW (fCW) were subsequently fed as they were produced in the AnMBR. The adaption of the MMC to fSCM was faster than the adaptation to fCW. Whenever steady state was reached, PHA accumulation tests were performed using the enriched MMC fed with the corresponding feedstock (stage 3), namely synthetic OAs solution, fSCM, and fCW. Storage yields of 0.74, 0.49, and 0.73 C-mol PHA/ C-mol OAs were obtained with synthetic OAs solution, fermented molasses, and fermented CW, respectively. The culture reached a maximum PHA content of 60%, 56% and 65%, when feedstock fed were synthetic OAs solution, fSCM and fCW, respectively. A direct relation between the used feedstock and the polymers composition was observed, which was related with the different OAs profile. Even though, the shift of complex feedstock in three-stage MMC PHA process is still at a very early stage of development, this work illustrates the advantage of favoring the selection of cultures with the capacity to adapt its metabolism to different feedstocks. This will offer the possibility of using numerous substrates and improving strategies to optimize acidogenic fermentation, culture selection and polymer production.
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Martins, Minella Alves. "Estimativa da produtividade da cultura do milho no semiárido brasileiro, com base no modelo AquaCrop e previsão climática sazonal". Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), 2017. http://urlib.net/sid.inpe.br/mtc-m21b/2017/03.09.13.39.
Abstract (sommario):
A agricultura brasileira é conhecida por sua importante contribuição para a economia do país e também por sua participação no mercado mundial. Embora a maioria das regiões do país apresente altas produtividades agrícolas, isso não ocorre em grande parte da região semiárida do Brasil SAB. Nesta região, agricultores de baixa renda normalmente cultivam em condições de sequeiro e têm baixos recursos tecnológicos e quase nenhum acesso ao capital. Uma vez que a agricultura praticada nessa região é utilizada para subsistência e alimentação animal, há uma estreita relação entre produtividade agrícola e segurança alimentar. Dessa forma, a capacidade de prever e monitorar a produção agrícola é crucial para subsidiar medidas de preparação e ações de mitigação quando necessárias. Nesse contexto, o presente estudo teve por objetivo demonstrar a viabilidade da utilização de previsões climáticas sazonais oriundas do modelo climático regional Eta, bem como do modelo de simulação de culturas agrícolas AquaCrop da FAO para prever a produtividade da cultura do milho na região SAB. O milho apresenta-se como um dos cereais mais importantes na alimentação humana e animal da região. Para calibrar o modelo AquaCrop e posteriormente validar as simulações foram utilizados dados de experimentos de campo de 13 municípios da região, contabilizando 37 safras no período de 1995-2010. Previsões climáticas do modelo Eta com resolução horizontal de 15 km foram disponibilizadas no período de 2001-2010. As variáveis do modelo Eta, como precipitação, temperaturas máxima e mínima e evapotranspiração foram corrigidas antes de serem incorporadas ao modelo AquaCrop. As propriedades físico-hídricas do solo foram obtidas por meio de funções de pedotransferência. Para simular um sistema operacional de previsão de safras foram utilizados dados meteorológicos observados em combinação com previsão climática sazonal para antecipar a previsão da safra. A calibração do modelo AquaCrop mostrou-se eficiente na remoção de erros sistemáticos, o que proporcionou boa precisão das estimativas de produtividade da cultura do milho para a região SAB. O modelo AquaCrop, alimentado com previsões climáticas sazonais, apresentou ótimo desempenho em prever a produtividade da cultura do milho na região SAB com, pelo menos, 30 dias antes da colheita. Em muitos dos municípios analisados, uma previsão com boa acurácia pode ser notado com até 60 dias de antecedência. As melhores previsões de produtividade da cultura do milho foram obtidas para a região LSAB, o que pode estar relacionado à frequência de ocorrência de eventos de precipitação daquela região. O sistema de previsão de safras apresentado no presente trabalho é uma ferramenta importante para subsidiar o desenvolvimento de políticas públicas relacionadas à região SAB.Brazilian agriculture is well-known for its significant role in the countrys economy and because of its importance in global markets. Although most regions of the country have high crop yields, this is not the case in large areas of the semiarid of Brazil-BSA. Low-income farmers of the region usually grow crops under rainfed conditions have low technological resources and almost no access to capital. Since most of the production of poor farmers is used for self-consumption and animal feed, typically maize, there is a close link between crop yield and food security. In this way, the ability to predict and monitor crop yields throughout the growing season is crucial to decision makers for the preparation of mitigation actions when needed. In this regard, the aim of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of using regional climate model Eta operational seasonal forecasts as input to the FAO crop simulation model (AquaCrop) to predict maize crop yield in the BSA. To achieve this goal, field data from 37 controlled experiments in 13 municipalities were used to calibrate and validate the AquaCrop model, for the period from 1995 - 2010. Seasonal climate forecasts of precipitation, maximum and minimum temperature and evapotranspiration from 2001 through 2010 were bias corrected before use them in AquaCrop simulations. Soil hydraulic properties were derived from pedotransfer functions (PTFs). To simulate an operation crop forecast system, tat anticipate crop forecast, it was used seasonal climate forecast in combination with observed meteorological data. The calibration of the AquaCrop model proved to be efficient to remove systematic errors, which provided good precision of the maize yield estimates for BSA. The AquaCrop model estimates, using seasonal climate forecasts provided by Eta model, showed an excellent performance in predicting maize yield in the BSA with at least 30 days before harvest. In many of the municipalities analyzed, prediction with good accuracy can be achieved 60 days in advance. The best maize forecasts occurred in the EBSA region, related to the frequency of precipitation events in that region. The crop forecasting system presented in this study is a valuable tool to support the development of public policies related to the BSA region.
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Oliveira, Pedro Valle de Carvalho e. "Detecção de culturas agrícolas em áreas desflorestadas para auxiliar a moratória da soja". Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, 2011. http://urlib.net/sid.inpe.br/mtc-m19/2011/04.12.16.23.
Abstract (sommario):
A Moratória da Soja foi estabelecida com a finalidade de diminuir o desflorestamento causado pela expansão da sojicultura no bioma amazônico. Ela expressa o comprometimento da Associação Brasileira da Indústria de óleos Vegetais (ABIOVE) e da Associação dos Exportadores de Cereais (ANEC) de não comercializarem soja originária de áreas desflorestadas a partir de 24 de julho de 2006. Atualmente, a presença de soja nestas áreas é identificada em duas etapas: 1) por meio de imagens de satélite do sensor MODIS para identificação de culturas agrícolas; e 2) por meio de um sobrevôo para identificação da cultura da soja. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo aperfeiçoar o processo de detecção de culturas agrícolas em áreas desflorestadas para auxiliar a Moratória da Soja no estado do Mato Grosso. Para realizar tal tarefa, foi necessário, primeiramente, classificar as áreas desflorestadas quanto a sua forma e dimensão; avaliar o comportamento espectro-temporal do índice de vegetação realçado (EVI) em áreas de uso agrícola e não-agrícola, a fim de identificar padrões que facilitem a distinção desses usos; calcular diferentes Taxas de Variação do EVI (TVE) em todas as imagens composição do produto MOD09Q1, entre julho de 2009 e fevereiro de 2010 e identificar a TVE que apresenta melhores resultados na detecção de culturas agrícolas. Na seqüência, cada uma das 127 áreas sobrevoadas no Mato Grosso foi classificada como "pequena", "estreita", "pequena e estreita" ou "normal". A análise das séries temporais de EVI2 calculadas pelo produto MOD09Q1 para os 127 polígonos detectados no Mato Grosso, permitiu identificar um padrão para culturas anuais e padrões distintos para áreas de não-cultura. Com base nessas informações, calculou-se a TVE com intervalos de 32, 40 e 48 dias com três diferentes datas limites para cada um destes intervalos. Foi observado que para valores de TVE maior que 0,4 há indício de presença de cultura agrícola no polígono. Percebeu-se ainda que, apesar de a TVE com intervalo de 48 dias, estimada em 11/02/10, ter apresentado a maior precisão (80,3\%) na identificação de cultura e não-cultura, ela detectou menos áreas de soja em comparação com as TVEs dos intervalos de 32 e 40 dias. A TVE com intervalo de 32 dias, estimada em 25/12/09 e 10/01/10, detectou um número maior de polígonos com soja (42 e 53 do total de 56 polígonos, respectivamente). A omissão de polígonos de uso agrícola ocorreu somente nos classificados como "pequenos" e "pequenos e estreitos". Dessa forma, foi possível concluir que o processo de detecção de culturas agrícolas para auxiliar a Moratória da Soja no estado do Mato Grosso pode ser aperfeiçoado através da aplicação da TVE.The Soy Moratorium was established in order to reduce deforestation caused by soybean expansion in the Amazon biome. It expresses the commitment of the Brazilian Association of Vegetable Oil Industries (ABIOVE) and the Brazilian Association of Grain Exporters (ANEC) not to trade soy produced in deforested areas after July 24$^{th}$, 2006. Currently, the presence of soybean in these areas is identified in two steps: 1) through satellite images from the MODIS sensor to identify crop areas; and 2) through an air survey to detect soy plantation. This study aims to improve the crop detection processes in deforested areas in order to assist the Soy Moratorium in Mato Grosso state. To accomplish this task it was first necessary to classify the deforested areas according to their shape and size; to evaluate the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) spectral-temporal behavior for crop and non-crop sites, in order to identify patterns that facilitate the distinction among those land uses; to calculate different Rates of Change in EVI (TVE) in all MOD09Q1 composed images product, between July 2009 and February 2010 and to identify the TVE that presents best result for crop detection. Afterwards, each of the 127 polygons that were flown in Mato Grosso were classified as "small", "narrow", "small and narrow" and "normal". The EVI2 time-series analysis, calculated from the MOD09Q1 product for the 127 detected polygons in Mato Grosso, allowed identifying a crop pattern and several non-crop patterns. Based on this information, the TVE was calculated with 32, 40 and 48-day intervals with three different limit dates for each interval. It was observed that for rates greater than 0.4 the presence of agricultural crop was evident. It was noticed that, although the TVE with a 48-day interval, estimated on 11/02/10, presented the greatest accuracy (80.3\%) to identify crop and non-crop, it detected less soybean areas when compared to the 32 and 40-day TVE. The 32-day interval of TVE, estimated at 25/12/09 and 10/01/10, detected most of the number of polygons with soybean (42 and 53 of 56 polygons, respectively). The omission of agricultural polygons occurred only in those classified as "small" and "small and narrow". Thus, it is possible to conclude that, the crop detection process to assist the Soy Moratorium in the state of Mato Grosso can be improved using TVE.
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Jensen, Karina. "Accelerating Global Product Innovation through Cross-cultural Collaboration : Organizational Mechanisms that Influence Knowledge-sharing within the MNC". Phd thesis, Conservatoire national des arts et metiers - CNAM, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00840215.
Abstract (sommario):
Globalization, time to market, and customer responsiveness present continuous challenges for achieving market innovation across cultures. A cross-cultural and networked business environment has created increased demand for knowledge-sharing within the multinational corporation (MNC). The inability of geographically distributed team members to effectively share and communicate ideas and solutions can result in a lack of product innovation, delayed product introductions, and reduced sales and market opportunities. This requires managers to leverage cross-cultural team knowledge in order to improve the design and delivery of innovative customer solutions worldwide. This dissertation thus intends to examine and identify organizational mechanisms that facilitate cross-cultural collaboration and knowledge-sharing for geographically distributed teams responsible for the front end of innovation.The resource-based and knowledge-based views of the firm inform this dissertation where integrated cognitive and social practices serve an important role for innovation. Through qualitative research, I will examine organizational mechanisms that influence interactions between the project leader and the geographically distributed team during global product launches, from product concept to market introduction. Since there is a lack of empirical research conducted with organizations on cross-cultural collaboration and global innovation, there is a significant opportunity to advance research within innovation management while assisting organizations in the development of knowledge-sharing capabilities that serve as competitive advantage in conceiving and introducing new products to international markets.The purpose of this dissertation research is to investigate and demonstrate how MNCs can facilitate the cross-cultural collaboration process in order to effectively conceive and execute innovation strategies for new products. The research intends to develop a framework and model for cross-cultural team collaboration in exploring and responding to the following research question: How can MNCs optimize cross-cultural team collaboration in order to strengthen the planning and execution of global innovation strategies? This research responds to organizational needs for sharing knowledge amongst cross-cultural teams in order to accelerate responsiveness to international market opportunities.
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Júnior, José Augusto de Souza. "Impactos dos déficits hídricos na cultura de cana-de-açúcar em regiões produtoras de São Paulo, Minas Gerais e Paraná". Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), 2017. http://urlib.net/sid.inpe.br/mtc-m21b/2017/01.23.00.37.
Abstract (sommario):
O clima está relacionado com todas as atividades econômicas, especialmente à agricultura, que é a mais dependente dos fatores climáticos, e as alterações destes fatores afetam a produtividade das culturas com impacto direto sobre o agronegócio. Para o Brasil, a cultura de cana-de-açúcar tem grande importância econômica, tendo em vista que o país é o pioneiro e líder em pesquisa e produção de etanol da cana-de-açúcar. Considerando a importância da cultura e a influência que os elementos do clima, principalmente os déficits hídricos no solo, podem exercer no seu desenvolvimento, esse trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar essa influência, em três estados com maior produção de cana-de-açúcar: São Paulo, Minas Gerais e Paraná, além de estimar a produtividade agrícola através de um modelo simples e avaliar o desempenho do mesmo em relação às referências do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) e assim fornecer subsídios para novas estratégicas em face à variabilidade climática. Foram utilizados dados meteorológicos de precipitação e de temperatura, para obtenção das normais climatológicas de São Paulo, Minas Gerais e Paraná, no período de 1980 a 2010, bem como, para servir de parâmetros de entrada do modelo agrometeorológico, para estimar a produtividade da cana-de-açúcar. As simulações agrometeorológicas permitiram estimar adequadamente os valores da produtividade potencial e da produtividade estimada por déficit hídrico, variando de 140 Ton/ha em Minas Gerais a 107 Ton/ha em São Paulo, as maiores perdas ocorrem na fase 3, de crescimento dos colmos e variam de 40% em São Paulo a 53% em Minas Gerais. Os valores de produtividades mostraram que o Estado de Minas Gerais foi o que, apresentou os menores valores com 39 Ton/ha e o estado do Paraná os maiores, em torno de 70 Ton/ha. Os rendimento percentuais das produtividades variaram de 53\% a 61\% em São Paulo, 27\% a 37\% em Minas Gerais e 54% a 63% no Paraná. As maiores penalizações ocorrem em Minas Gerais com 53% e as menores perdas no Paraná e em São Paulo, em torno de 36\% a 38\%, mostrando que a cultura está adequada ao clima nessas regiões. Na avaliação de desempenho do modelo, os erros variaram de 6% a 11\% em São Paulo, 11\% a 22\% em Minas Gerais e de 11\% a 20\% no Estado do Paraná, permitindo considerar, o modelo uma importante ferramenta para monitoramento e estimativa da redução de produtividade na cultura de canade- açúcar através de penalização hídrica.The climate is related with all economic activities, especially to agriculture, which is the most dependent on climatic factors, and changes in these factors affect the productivity of crops with a direct impact on agribusiness. For Brazil, sugarcane crop has a great economic importance, considering that the country is the pioneer and leader in research and production of ethanol from sugarcane. Considering the importance of the culture and the influence that the elements of the climate, mainly the soil water deficits, can exert on its development, this work had the objective to evaluate this influence, in three states with greater production of sugarcane: Paulo, Minas Gerais and Paraná, besides estimating the agricultural productivity through a simple model and evaluating the performance of the same in relation to the references of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) and thus to provide subsidies for new strategies in the face of climatic variability. Rainfall and temperature meteorological data were used forobtaining the climatic standards of São Paulo, Minas Gerais and Paraná, from 1980 to 2010, as well as, to serve as input parameters of the agrometeorological model, to estimate sugarcane productivity. Agrometeorological simulations allowed to adequately estimates the potential productivity and estimated productivity through water deficit, varying from 140 Ton/ha in Minas Gerais to 107 Ton/ha in São Paulo, the highest losses occur in phase 3, growth of stems and vary from 40\% in São Paulo to 53\% in Minas Gerais. The values of productivities showed that the State of Minas Gerais was the one that presented the lowest values with 39 Ton/ha and the state of Paraná the largest, around 70 Ton/ha. Productivity percentages ranged from 53\% to 61\% in São Paulo, 27\% to 37\% in Minas Gerais and 54\% to 63\% in Paraná. The highest penalties occur in Minas Gerais with 53\% and the lowest losses in the State of Paraná and São Paulo, around 36\% to 38\%, showing that the crop is suitable for the climate in these regions. In the performance evaluation of the model, errors ranged from 6\% to 11\% in São Paulo, 11\% to 22\% in Minas Gerais and 11\% to 20\% in the State of Paraná, allowing the model to be considered an important tool for monitoring and estimation of the reduction of productivity in the sugarcane crop through water penalty.
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Marques, Ana José. "Políticas públicas e gestão da educação para o ensino de História e Cultura Afro-brasileira e africana : percepções de gestores e gestoras do Ministério da Educação - MEC". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2010. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/8679.
Abstract (sommario):
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A dissertação aqui apresentada insere-se no campo dos estudos sobre políticas públicas e gestão da educação, com o recorte de raça. O entendimento de que as leis são estabelecidas para um povo, uma nação e não para parcela dela faz parte deste estudo. Assim, a compreensão da implementação do artigo 26 A da Lei de Diretrizes e Bases (LDB) e de suas diretrizes como políticas públicas de educação é de interesse público e nacional e um preceito legal do Estado Brasileiro (Saviani, 2008, Cury, 2005 & Santos, 2003). Para tanto, o trabalho inicia-se com uma visão geral de como se constituiu uma ordem racista no Estado brasileiro, a história da educação no Brasil, com sua lógica excludente e a contribuição da eugenia para propagação do racismo na sociedade. Apresenta, ainda, parte dos estudos realizados pela Unesco, referentes à raça, que tinham o intuito de apresentar "um elogio da mestiçagem, assim como enfatizar a possibilidade do convívio harmonioso entre diferentes grupos humanos nas sociedades modernas" Fernandes, (2007:14), mas ao final, com as análises Roger Bastide e Florestan Fernandes, para a cidade de São Paulo, demonstraram as "falácias do mito": Ao invés da democracia, o que apareceu foi a discriminação e, no lugar da harmonia, o preconceito (idem). Neste trabalho, serão apresentados alguns fatos que levaram o Estado Brasileiro a impregnar-se com as ideologias de inferiorização do negro, como: a degenerescência do mestiço, o mito da democracia racial e o racismo individual, institucional e cultural, estes últimos baseados nos estudos de Jones, (1973). Tais fatos são decisivos para fazer do racismo uma atitude de senso comum no seio da sociedade. No campo da gestão da política pública de educação, a ênfase está na omissão que os gestores demonstram no que tange a presença das questões etnicorraciais nas ações do Ministério da Educação. Para isso, foram realizadas doze entrevistas, com diretores, coordenadoras e técnicos educacionais de duas secretarias do MEC, Secretaria de Educação Básica (SEB) e Secretaria de Educação Continuada, Alfabetização e Diversidade (Secad), nas quais os gestores puderam emitir suas opiniões sobre a implementação das políticas públicas e gestão da educação para o ensino de história e cultura Afro-brasileira e africana no âmbito do MEC. As análises das entrevistas tiveram por base os estudos culturais de Bogdan e Biklen, (1994), o método de análise de conteúdos e os procedimentos qualitativos de Triviños, (2008) e Creswell, (2007). _________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
This dissertation concerns studies on public policies and education management, with emphasis on race. Here, we discuss the perception that laws are established for the whole population and nation, and not parts of it. Hence, the understanding of the implementation of article 26 A of LDB and its directives as public policies of education is of public and national interest and a legal precept of the Brazilian Estate (Saviani, 2008, Cury, 2005 & Santos, 2003). This work begins with a general view of how a racist order was constituted in the Brazilian Estate, the history of education in Brazil, along with its excluding logic and the contribution of “Eugenia” to the propagation of racism in society. We also present part of the studies made by Unesco, where they intended to present “um elogio da mestiçagem”, as well as a highlight on the possibility of a harmonious relationship between different human groups in modern societies” (Fernandes 2007:14), but ended up, with the analysis of Roger Bastide e Floretan Fernandes, for the city of São Paulo, demonstrating the “fallacies of the myth”. Instead of democracy, they showed discrimination and instead of harmony, prejudice. In this work, we will present a number of facts that drove the Brazilian Estate to absorb ideologies that led to undervalue black people, such as the degeneration of the “mestiço”, the myth of racial democracy and individual, institutional and cultural racisms, these last ones based on the studies of Jones (1973). These facts are crucial to turn racism into an attitude of common sense in the midst of society. Concerning the management of educational public policies, emphasis is given to the disregard showed by managers towards the presence of etnicracial questions in the acions of the Ministry of Education (MEC). In order to assess this issue, twelve interviews were undertaken with directors, coordinators and educational technicians of two MEC Secretaries, the Secretary of Basic Education (SEB) and the Secretary of Continued Education, Alphabetization and Diversity (Secad). Here, the managers emitted their opinions about the implementation of public policies and about management of education for the teaching of Afro-Brazilian and African culture and history in the ambit of MEC. The analyses of the interviews were based on the cultural studies of Bogdan and Biklen (1994). The content analysis as well as the qualitative procedures followed the methods of Triviños, (2008) e Creswell, (2007).
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Vieira, Matheus Alves. "Análise de imagem orientada a objeto e mineração de dados aplicadas ao mapeamento da cultura da cana-de-açúcar". Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, 2010. http://urlib.net/sid.inpe.br/mtc-m19@80/2010/04.08.17.43.
Abstract (sommario):
O mapeamento da área cultivada com cana-de-açúcar é de grande relevância para o setor sucroenergético, auxiliando nas tomadas de decisão e definição de estratégias de mercado. Tradicionalmente, o mapeamento da cana é feito através de interpretação visual de séries temporais de imagens orbitais de média resolução espacial, procedimento que, apesar de fornecer resultados consistentes, é custoso em termos de tempo de processamento. Nesse sentido, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi desenvolver uma metodologia capaz de automatizar a tarefa de mapeamento de áreas canavieiras. Para isso, testou-se a integração de duas importantes abordagens da Inteligência Artificial: Análise de Imagem Orientada a Objeto (AIOO) e Mineração de Dados (MD). A área de estudo é constituída pelos municípios de Ipuã, Guará e São Joaquim da Barra, situados ao noroeste do estado de São Paulo, região que representa bem as condições da agricultura nas regiões sul e sudeste brasileiras. A AIOO foi utilizada para emular o conhecimento do intérprete no processo de mapeamento da cana, porém, a tarefa mais importante em sistemas baseados no conhecimento, e muitas vezes de difícil realização, é a aquisição do conhecimento. Desta forma, foram empregadas técnicas de MD como auxílio na construção do modelo de conhecimento. O algoritmo MD utilizado foi o C4.5, que gera árvores de decisão (AD) a partir de um conjunto de treinamento. Uma série temporal de imagens Landsat foi adquirida a fim de representar a ampla variabilidade de padrões dentro do ciclo da cana-de-açúcar. Os objetos, unidades básicas desse trabalho, foram gerados pela aplicação do algoritmo de segmentação multiresolução implementado na plataforma de AIOO (Definiens Developer$\textregistered$). A partir daí, deu-se início ao processo de extração do conhecimento, o qual termina com a obtenção da AD. Depois de devidamente treinada, a AD foi aplicada à série temporal Landsat e, em seguida, gerado o mapa temático com as áreas de cana-de-açúcar disponíveis para colheita. Visando a comparação com sistemas convencionais de classificação automática, foi gerada uma classificação por regiões ISOSEG, usando a mesma base de dados utilizada pela AIOO. Os resultados das duas metodologias de classificação, AIOO e ISOSEG, foram então confrontados com um mapa de referência para validação e comparação dos desempenhos. A classificação AIOO apresentou desempenho significativamente superior, obtendo índice de exatidão global de 94\% contra 82\% da classificação ISOSEG. Diante disso, concluiu-se que a integração entre AIOO e MD é adequada para a automação do processo de classificação da cana-de-açúcar com níveis de exatidão superiores aos sistemas convencionais de classificação automática.The mapping of sugar cane cultivated area is important for the sugar and ethanol sectors, supporting decision making and the definition of market strategies. Traditionally, sugar cane monitoring has been performed through visual classification based on time series of medium resolution images. Although it provides accurate results, it is a time-consuming method due to the vast extensions of sugar cane crops in Brazil. As a result, the aim of this research was to develop a methodology that can automate the sugar cane mapping task. For this, we tested the integration of two major approaches of Artificial Intelligence: Object Based Image Analysis (OBIA) and Data Mining (DM). The study area comprises the cities of Ipuã, Guará and São Joaquim da Barra, located in the northwestern region of São Paulo state, which well represents the conditions of agriculture in the southern and southeastern regions of Brazil. The AIOO was used to emulate the interpreter knowledge in the process of sugar cane mapping, but the most important task in knowledge-based systems, and often difficult to achieve, is the acquisition of knowledge. Thus, MD techniques were employed for automatic generation of the knowledge model. The MD algorithm used was C4.5, which generates decision trees (DT) from a training set. A time series of Landsat images was acquired in order to represent the wide patterns variability within the sugar cane cycle. The objects were generated by the application of the multiresolution segmentation algorithm implemented in Definiens Developer$\textregistered$. Thereafter, the knowledge extraction process begins, which ends with the acquisition of DT. Once properly trained, the DT was applied to the Landsat time series and then generated the thematic map. In the way to compare the obtained results with conventional systems of automatic classification, a classification with the ISOSEG algorithm was generated using the same data base used by OBIA. Then, the results of both classification methods were cross-checked with a reference map for validation and comparison of performance. AIOO classification showed significantly superior performance, achieving an overall accuracy of 94\% against 81.81\% of ISOSEG classification. The result shows that it is possible to automate the sugar cane classification process with the proposed methodology.
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Guerrini, Luca. "Process optimization for polyhydroxyalkanoate production by mixed microbial cultures within the B-PLAS project". Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/24409/.
Abstract (sommario):
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are biodegradable polyesters with comparable properties to some petroleum-based polyolefins. Within the context of the B-PLAS process, the PHA production is integrated with a wastewater treatment process aimed at recovering energy and C through platform molecules such as volatile fatty acids (VFAs). Eventually, selected mixed microbial cultures (MMCs) are provided with a fermentation broth under an aerobic dynamic feeding regime to produce PHA-enriched biomass. In this study, an anoxic/aerobic selection and accumulation process has been explored and compared on a bench scale with the standard
and most studied full aerobic alternative. A final setup for both the bench-scale experiments and the B-PLAS pilot plant has also been proposed, allowing to achieve, on-demand, a higher dried biomass PHA content (>50%) compared to the analogous aerobic setup. In addition, the selected population has been proven to respond positively to reduced oxygenation conditions, opening new possibilities to maximise the production of the pilot plant while reducing the oxygenation-related costs and streamlining the process scheme.
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O'Mera, Megan Colleen. "Implementing Successful Intranets: The Case Study of a Virtual MNC Team". University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1429106812.
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Sanmukh, Swapnil Ganesh. "Caracterização da interação dos bacteriofagos T4, M13, e MS2 com células epiteliais prostáticas tumoriais (LNCaP e PC3) ativação das vias de proliferação, sobrevivência e morte celular. /". Botucatu, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/154970.
Abstract (sommario):
Orientador: Sergio Luis FelisbinoResumo: O câncer de próstata (PCa) é o segundo tipo de câncer mais frequente e tem a segunda maior taxa de morbidade e mortalidade entre os homens. A cultura de células prostáticas LNCaP e PC3 tem sido utilizada para investigar possíveis alvos e vias de sinalização celular importantes para o crescimento e progressão do CaP. Trabalhos anteriores do nosso laboratório demonstraram que a presença de fibronectina no meio de cultura altera significativamente o padrão de expressão gênica dessas células. Também, bacteriófagos recentemente usados como agentes terapêuticos no tratamento de vários tipos de câncer, diretamente ou portadores de moléculas antitumorais, incluindo câncer de próstata, foram relatados. Estudos anteriores mostraram que bacteriófagos podem interagir com proteínas de membrana de células de mamíferos, incluindo integrinas que reconhecem sequências de RGD em proteínas virais, bem como fibronectina e outras moléculas da matriz extracelular. O objetivo deste projeto foi caracterizar a interação de três bacteriófagos com as duas linhagens celulares epiteliais prostáticas LNCaP e PC3. Estas duas linhas celulares foram cultivadas em seus meios de cultura, nos quais foram adicionados bacteriófagos com concentrações definidas. As células foram coletadas após 24 horas de tratamento. A expressão gênica de genes relacionados as vias integrinas ITGA5, ITGAV, ITGB1, ITGB3, ITGB5, AKT, PI3K, MAPK1, MAPK3, HSP27, HSP90, receptor de androgênio AR, STAT3, PGC1A foi analisada por qPCR. A a... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Doutor
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Vassor, Anne. "Isolement de "Toxoplasma gondii" sur cultures de cellules MRC 5 pour le diagnostic prénatal de la toxoplasmose congénitale : résultats de 53 dossiers". Paris 5, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA05P125.
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Martinelli, Elídio Luiz. "O impacto do programa GESTAR II de Matemática na atividade docente no estado do Tocantins, inserido na Região Amazônica". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2009. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/8661.
Abstract (sommario):
Dissertação (Mestrado em Educação)-Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, 2009.Submitted by Jaqueline Ferreira de Souza (jaquefs.braz@gmail.com) on 2011-06-27T14:58:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_ElidioLuizMartinelli.pdf: 7319781 bytes, checksum: d95339ce15889d42ac1e9cf720bcdedd (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Jaqueline Ferreira de Souza(jaquefs.braz@gmail.com) on 2011-06-27T15:04:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_ElidioLuizMartinelli.pdf: 7319781 bytes, checksum: d95339ce15889d42ac1e9cf720bcdedd (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2011-06-27T15:04:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_ElidioLuizMartinelli.pdf: 7319781 bytes, checksum: d95339ce15889d42ac1e9cf720bcdedd (MD5)
Este trabalho de pesquisa corresponde a um estudo de caso em torno do Programa GESTAR II de Matemática, desenvolvido na escola CAIC Centro de Atenção Integral à Criança, da rede pública do Estado do Tocantins. Consiste em uma análise das contribuições do Programa GESTAR II de Matemática na atividade docente. O foco do trabalho se concentrou na obtenção do maior número de informações a respeito das influências do Programa GESTAR II de Matemática na atividade dos professores no ensinoaprendizagem. A pesquisa fundamenta-se na metodologia qualitativa. Para tanto, foram utilizadas, como instrumentos, entrevistas semiestruturadas, grupo focal, observação participante e análise documental. As respostas obtidas estão de acordo com a proposta do Programa ao que tange à melhoria das condições de planejamento e direcionamento da atividade em sala de aula para a melhoria do ensino-aprendizagem. Outras observações correspondem a dificuldades encontradas pelos docentes no desenvolvimento do Programa ou no processo de sua implantação. A constatação em torno deste trabalho corresponde à melhoria da práxis dos docentes e do ensino-aprendizagem como processo final, com a incorporação de uma nova tecnologia pedagógica em torno da matemática e, especialmente, da educação matemática. Na análise final, constatam-se novos caminhos potencializadores à atividade docente em torno da proposta de formação continuada do Programa GESTAR II de Matemática. _________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
The present research work corresponds to a case study concerning the Program GESTAR II in Mathematics, developed at CAIC school (Center of Full-time Attention to Children), a public school in the state of Tocantins. It consists of an analysis of the contribution of the Program GESTAR II in Mathematics to the teaching activity. The focus of the research work was concentrated in obtaining the largest number of information concerning the influences of the Program GESTAR II in Mathematics on the teaching activity, during the teaching-learning process. The research is based on qualitative methodology. In order to do so, the following instruments were used: half-structured interviews, focal group, participant observations and documentary analysis. The obtained answers comply with the Program proposition when it comes to the improvement on the conditions of planning and directing the activities in class aiming the improvement of the teaching-learning process. Other observations correspond to the difficulties found by the teachers in developing the Program, or in the process of introducing it with the incorporation of a new educational technology around the mathematics and especially of mathematics education. The finding around this work corresponds to the improvement of the teaching practice and the teaching-learning experience as a final process. On the final analysis, new potential paths are noticed for the teaching activity concerning the continuing education proposition of the Program GESTAR II in Mathematics.
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RamiÌrez, ImaruÌ Josefina Arias. "A quest on managers' perceptions of management control system (MCS) : a comparative case study on national culture, trust and time perspective in Mexico and the UK". Thesis, Lancaster University, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.418457.
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Montibeller, Bruno. "Análise espectro-temporal das culturas de milho, soja e cana-de-açúcar com dados de sensor OLI/Landsat-8". Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), 2018. http://urlib.net/sid.inpe.br/mtc-m21c/2018/04.05.12.40.
Abstract (sommario):
A agricultura, além de provedora de alimentos e energia, é uma das atividades econômicas de maior destaque nas exportações brasileiras. Produtos derivados da soja, do milho e da cana-de-açúcar são alguns exemplos de mercadorias agrícolas exportadas. Assim, informações relacionadas à área plantada e à produção destas culturas são essenciais, uma vez que isso afeta a cotação destes produtos. A adoção de dados de sensoriamento remoto para pesquisas em áreas agrícolas se apresenta como uma alternativa viável e complementar aos métodos atuais de levantamento, fornecendo informações atualizadas e de forma contínua. Essas pesquisas, geralmente, utilizam a informação espectral como principal variável para diversos objetivos como, mapeamento, estimativa de produtividade, cálculo de biomassa, etc. Entretanto, as diferentes práticas de manejo (com ou sem irrigação, época de plantio, etc.) empregadas no processo de produção, podem alterar as características espectrais das culturais. Neste sentido, o presente trabalho tem como hipótese que a variação espectral intraespecífica do milho, da soja e da canade- açúcar a partir de dados espectrais multitemporais do sensor OLI, é menor que a variação interespecífica, independentemente das práticas de manejo adotadas ao longo do seu desenvolvimento. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar o perfil espectro-temporal das culturas de soja, milho e cana-de-açúcar, cultivadas em uma área da Mesorregião de Campinas, SP, em dois anos agrícolas completos (2014/2015 e 2015/2016), a partir de imagens do sensor OLI/Landsat-8, e verificar as diferenças espectro-temporal das culturas. Séries temporais de imagens OLI foram utilizadas para adquirir o perfil espectro-temporal das três espécies cultivadas em épocas distintas (safra e safrinha) e sob diferentes práticas de manejos (irrigado e não irrigado). Foram utilizadas seis bandas espectrais (B2-B7) do sensor OLI e dois índices de vegetação (NDVI e EVI), os quais foram calculados a partir do valor de reflectância das bandas. Com base na informação espectro-temporal (bandas e índices de vegetação), uma análise hierárquica de agrupamento foi realizada. A partir dos resultados, foi possível identificar que as bandas espectrais (B2-B7) se mostraram mais eficientes quando comparadas com os índices de vegetação, para a divisão e geração de clusters de cada cultura, permitindo assim, analisar a influência das práticas culturais. Além disso, um conjunto de bandas espectrais, formado pelas três bandas (B5-B6-B4), comumente utilizadas para interpretação visual de alvos agrícolas, geraram o mesmo resultado da análise baseada nas seis bandas. Com os resultados, é possível inferir que a variação espectro-temporal intraespecífica é menor que a variação espectro-temporal interespecífica, independentemente das práticas de manejo empregadas.Agriculture, besides providing food and energy, is one of the most prominent economic activities in Brazilian exports. Products derived from soy, corn and sugar cane are some examples of exported agricultural commodities. Thus, information related to the acreage and the production of these crops are essential, since this affects the price of these products. The adoption of remote sensing data for research in agricultural areas is a viable and complementary alternative to current surveying methods, providing updated and continuous information. These surveys generally use spectral information as the main variable for several purposes such as mapping, forecast yield, biomass estimation, etc. However, different management practices (with or without irrigation, planting time, etc.) employed in the production process can alter the spectral characteristics of the crop. In this sense, the present work has as hypothesis that the intraspecific spectral variation of corn, soybean and sugarcane from multitemporal OLI sensor spectral data, is smaller than the interspecific variation, independently of the management practices adopted during crops development. Thus, the objective of this work was to analyze the spectrumtemporal profile of soybean, maize and sugarcane crops grown in an area of the mesoregion of Campinas, SP, in two full agricultural years (2014/2015 and 2015/2016 ), from OLI/Landsat-8 sensor images, and to verify the spectral-temporal differences of the cultures. Time series of OLI images were used to acquire the spectrum-temporal profile of the three species cultivated at different times (springsummer and summer-fall) and under different management (irrigated and nonirrigated). Six spectral bands (B2-B7) of the OLI sensor and two vegetation indices (NDVI and EVI) were used, which were calculated from the reflectance value of the bands. Based on the spectral-temporal information (bands and vegetation indices), a hierarchical cluster analysis was performed. From the results, it was possible to identify that the spectral bands (B2-B7) were more efficient when compared with the vegetation indexes, for the division and generation of clusters of each culture, thus, to analyze the influence of cultural practices. In addition, a set of spectral bands, formed by the three bands (B5-B6-B4) commonly used for visual interpretation of agricultural targets, generated the same result of the analysis based on the six bands. With the results, it is possible to infer that the intraspecific spectrum-temporal variation is smaller than the interspecific spectral-temporal variation, independently of the management practices employed.