Articoli di riviste: "Monogastric animals"

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Jensen, Bent Borg. "Methanogenesis in monogastric animals". Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 42, n. 1-2 (settembre 1996): 99–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00394044.

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ИЛЬЯШЕНКО, А. "Protease for monogastric animals". Животноводство России, n. 10 (1 ottobre 2024): 45–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.25701/zzr.2024.10.007.

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Для улучшения использования протеина и аминокислот гороха, а также соевого, подсолнечного и рапсового шротов (жмыхов) в организме моногастричных животных (свиньи, птица) в комбикорма целесообразно включать протеолитические ферментные добавки, эффективно работающие в кислой, нейтральной и щелочной среде желудочно-кишечного тракта.

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Trukhachev, V. I. "Use of phytobiotics in feeding monogastric animals (review )". Izvestiâ Timirâzevskoj selʹskohozâjstvennoj akademii, n. 4 (2023): 126–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/0021-342x-2023-4-126-143.

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The negative consequences of the irrational use of feed antibiotics in animal husbandry, consisting in the spread of resistance of pathogens to their action, determine the relevance of the search for and introduction of alternative stabilisers of the intestinal microbiota of animals in the feed industry. These include phytobiotics – plant preparations that help improve animal productivity and health. The paper presents a review of national and foreign scientific literature on the use of phytogenic feed additives in the feeding of monogastric animals. Specific cases of the use of phytogenic feed additives in the feeding of poultry (broilers, laying hens, turkeys, ducks, quails, geese), pigs, rabbits and horses of different age and sex groups are considered. The results of the effect of phytobiotics on zootechnical indicators of farm animal growth, blood morphology, intestinal microbiota, biochemical characteristics of meat, eggs and other products are presented. Growth stimulating, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and other beneficial properties of phytobiotics prepared from various plant components are described. On the basis of the review, conclusions are drawn on the wide range of plant raw materials used as phytobiotics, the main biologically active compounds that determine the functional properties of the studied preparations, the scope of use of phytobiotics in the feeding of various monogastric animals, and the nature of the effect of additives on economic and biological characteristics of animals.

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Muhammad Shuaib Shaffi e Muhammad Khalid Hameed. "The role of probiotics in animal nutrition and health". World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 17, n. 3 (30 marzo 2023): 276–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2023.17.3.0396.

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The purpose of this review article is to discuss the role of probiotics in animal nutrition and health. In the last 15 years, probiotics have become increasingly popular in many animal production systems. Inadequate scientifically-based, all-encompassing, and unified data on the effects of probiotics in monogastric and ruminant animals prompted the current review. Feed supplements containing live microorganisms, known as probiotics, are shown to improve intestinal balance and overall health when given on a consistent and adequate schedule. Probiotics are a type of live microorganism that can be added to animal feed to help improve the health and productivity of cattle by balancing the microbes in the animals' digestive systems. This article summarizes the literature on the effects of yeast and bacterial probiotics on the gut microbiome of ruminants and monogastric animals and the implications of these findings for animal nutrition and health. Lastly, the positive effects of probiotics are outlined, including increased animal growth, decreased mortality, and enhanced feed conversion efficiency.

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Hassan, Zahra Mohammed, Tlou Grace Manyelo, Letlhogonolo Selaledi e Monnye Mabelebele. "The Effects of Tannins in Monogastric Animals with Special Reference to Alternative Feed Ingredients". Molecules 25, n. 20 (14 ottobre 2020): 4680. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25204680.

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Over recent years, the monogastric animal industry has witnessed an increase in feed prices due to several factors, and this trend is likely to continue. The hike in feed prices is mostly due to extreme competition over commonly used conventional ingredients. For this trend to be subdued, alternative ingredients of both plant and animal origin need to be sourced. These types of ingredients are investigated with the aim of substituting all or some of the conventional compounds. However, alternative ingredients often have a double-edged sword effect, in that they can supply animals with the necessary nutrients although they contain antinutritional factors such as tannins. Tannins are complex secondary metabolites commonly present in the plant kingdom, known to bind with protein and make it unavailable; however, recently they have been proven to have the potential to replace conventional ingredients, in addition to their health benefits, particularly the control of zoonotic pathogens such as Salmonella. Thus, the purpose of this review is to (1) classify the types of tannins present in alternative feed ingredients, and (2) outline the effects and benefits of tannins in monogastric animals. Several processing methods have been reported to reduce tannins in diets for monogastric animals; furthermore, these need to be cost-effective. It can thus be concluded that the level of inclusion of tannins in diets will depend on the type of ingredient and the animal species.

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Kryukov, V. S., S. V. Zinoviev e R. V. Nekrasov. "Proteases in the diet of monogastric animals". Agrarian science 344, n. 1 (13 marzo 2021): 30–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2021-344-1-30-38.

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There are many proteases, and about 2% of the human genome is involved in the regulation of their formation. The share of proteases involved in digestion accounts for only a small part. Despite this, the mechanisms of action of digestive proteases are less studied than carbohydrases and lipases. The incorporation of exogenous proteases into young animal feeds is often accompanied by improved utilization of protein and other nutrients. Exogenous proteases degrade inhibitors of the endogenous protease and lectins in feed. Alkaline proteases are of interest due to their broader substrate specificity and activity throughout the entire gastrointestinal tract. This group includes keratinases, which digest proteins inaccessible for cleavage by proteases and peptidases of animals. Keratinases digest agglutinins, glycinin and b-conglycinin and connective tissue proteins, which are resistant to the action of gastrointestinal enzymes and a number of exogenous proteases. The alleged reasons for the inconsistent results when using feed proteases are described. Their mediated positive effects not associated with proteolysis are indicated. It is advisable to use proteases with keratinolytic activity as fodder proteases.

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Kryukov, V. S., S. V. Zinoviev, R. V. Nekrasov, I. V. Glebova e V. B. Galetsky. "Polyenzyme preparations in feeding of monogastric animals". Agrarian science, n. 4 (20 giugno 2021): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2021-348-4-35-43.

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Manyelo, Tlou Grace, Nthabiseng Amenda Sebola, Elsabe Janse van Rensburg e Monnye Mabelebele. "The Probable Use of Genus amaranthus as Feed Material for Monogastric Animals". Animals 10, n. 9 (26 agosto 2020): 1504. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10091504.

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This review presents, discusses, and provides a comprehensive understanding of the potential use of amaranth as feed for monogastric animals. Amaranth is an ancient nutritious crop that has been cultivated for multiple purposes. In America, Asia, and Africa, the leaves of amaranth species are used as vegetables. The change in climatic conditions globally has resulted in shortages of rainfall, unpredictable weather, and lack of inputs such as fertilizer. This has led to scarcity of protein sources in the market and instability in prices which makes it necessary to consider alternative ingredients in poultry, pigs, fish, and rabbits feed formulation. Amaranth is rich in fiber, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and phenolic compounds which have some health benefits in animals and can be used to improve productivity. It also contains anti-nutritional factors which can be reduced by several processing methods. Moreover, its use in monogastric nutrition is useful because amaranth has shown to improve monogastric productivity without having any adverse effect on animals’ productivity. Thus, from this review, it can be concluded that amaranth leaves and grains can be used successfully in monogastric animals though different processing methods which might need to be employed in order to reduce anti-nutritional factors before use in animals.

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Sun, Haoxuan, Xinyue Kang, Huize Tan, Huiyi Cai e Dan Chen. "Progress in Fermented Unconventional Feed Application in Monogastric Animal Production in China". Fermentation 9, n. 11 (1 novembre 2023): 947. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9110947.

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Unconventional animal feeds present distinct features and considerable variations. However, their efficacy in monogastric animals is hindered by high levels of anti-nutritional elements and subpar palatability. Feed fermentation could offer a solution to these issues. Moreover, fermented unconventional feeds deliver notable economic advantages and represent a viable alternative to antibiotic growth promoters, particularly in the context of antibiotic restrictions, promising considerable potential. This review provides an in-depth exploration of the types, characteristics, fermentation processes, application outcomes, associated challenges, and prospects of fermented unconventional feeds in monogastric animals. We anticipate that this comprehensive overview will serve as a valuable reference for developing and utilizing unconventional feed resources in the feed industry.

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Cornescu, Gabriela Maria, Tatiana Dumitra Panaite, Cristina Soica, Ana Cismileanu e Cristina Camelia Matache. "Jerusalem Artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) as a Promising Dietary Feed Ingredient for Monogastric Farm Animals". Applied Sciences 13, n. 23 (28 novembre 2023): 12748. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app132312748.

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In recent years, there has been significant attention toward the incorporation of alternative functional feed ingredients in monogastric diets. The objective is to improve sustainability and optimize animal performance both under normal conditions and in heat stress situations. Among these alternatives, Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) has emerged as a promising candidate due to its nutritional composition and potential health benefits. This review aims to investigate the potential utilization of Jerusalem artichoke in monogastric diets and the impact on productive performance parameters. Moreover, the potential prebiotic effects of Jerusalem artichoke on the composition and activity of monogastric gut microbiota are revealed, showing its implications for gut health and reduction in pathogenic bacteria. The incorporation of Jerusalem artichoke in monogastric diets poses several challenges, such as limitation of the dietary inclusion rate. However, there are also future perspectives to consider, such as optimizing processing techniques, evaluating the effects of different cultivars, and exploring potential synergies with other dietary feed ingredients. In summary, this study provides a comprehensive overview of the key findings and unique perspectives on the utilization of Jerusalem artichoke in monogastric diets, highlighting its potential as a valuable feed ingredient.

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Wang, Mengzhi. "In Vitro Fermentation". Fermentation 9, n. 2 (19 gennaio 2023): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9020086.

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The rumen of ruminants, as well as the colon of monogastric animals, are inhabited by over one trillion bacteria, fungi, and protozoa, and these are emerging as critical regulators in dietary micronutrients and animal health [...]

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Saganuwan, Saganuwan Alhaji, e Orinya Agbaji Orinya. "Toxico-Neurological Effects of Piroxicam in Monogastric Animals". Journal of Experimental Neuroscience 10 (gennaio 2016): JEN.S40144. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/jen.s40144.

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Piroxicam is a benzothiazine compound with anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic properties. Because of the very high efficacy of piroxicam and its increasing use in the treatment of carcinomas in dogs and cats, there is a need for acute toxicity study of piroxicam in monogastric animals and its potential for causing secondary poisoning in puppies. Piroxicam manufactured by Shanxi Federal Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd. was used for this study. Revised up-and-down procedure was used for the estimation of median lethal dose in mouse (259.4 ± 51.9 mg/kg), rat (259.4 ± 69.6 mg/kg), rabbit (707.5 ± 130.8 mg/kg), cat (437.5 ± 128.1 mg/kg), guinea pig (218.7 ± 64.1 mg/kg), monkey (733.3 ± 83.3 mg/kg), broiler (285.3 ± 62.5 mg/kg), hen (638.3 ± 115.4 mg/kg), turkey (707.5 ± 130.8 mg/kg), pigeon (375 ± 55.9 mg/kg), and duck (311.3 ± 46.6 mg/kg). The acute toxicity signs of piroxicam at doses 207.5 mg/kg and above observed in the animals are torticollis, opisthotonos, somnolence, lethargy, diarrhea, gastroenteritis, generalized internal bleeding, anemia, congestion of the lung and liver, flaccid paralysis, cheesy lung, urinary incontinence, engorged urinary bladder, convulsive jerking of the limbs, lying in ventral recumbency, gasping for air, roaring, and death. Three out of six puppies died after being fed the carcasses of poisoned turkey, duck, and hen administered piroxicam at doses of 1000, 415, and 1000 mg/kg, respectively. White flaky cheesy materials observed in turkeys were also observed in the gastrointestinal content of the puppies. Paleness of carcasses, watery crop content, dryness of pericardium, gastroenteritis, intestinal perforation, and whitish pericardium were observed in broilers. There were effusions in thoracic and abdominal cavities as seen in all other carcasses poisoned primarily by piroxicam. Administration of atropine (0.02 mg/kg) led to survival of the remaining puppies. In conclusion, piroxicam is very to moderately toxic in monogastric animals.

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Chaudhary, Sandeep K., Jaydip J. Rokade, Ganesh N. Aderao, Akansha Singh, M. Gopi, Alok Mishra e Kanti Raje. "Saponin in Poultry and Monogastric Animals: A Review". International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 7, n. 07 (10 luglio 2018): 3218–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.707.375.

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Marković, Radmila, Dejan Perić, Svetlana Grdović, Dragoljub Jovanović, Dragan Šefer, Jelena Janjić e Željko Maksimović. "Live Yeast Cells in Nutrition of Monogastric Animals". Meat Technology 64, n. 2 (2023): 222–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.18485/meattech.2023.64.2.40.

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Harčárová, Michaela, Pavel Naď, Alena Hreško Šamudovská e Lukáš Bujňák. "Occurrence of Ochratoxin in Complete Feed Mixtures for Monogastric Animals". Folia Veterinaria 68, n. 3 (1 settembre 2024): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fv-2024-0021.

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Abstract Ochratoxin A is a foreign substance of natural origin. It can be found in a wide range of commodities, including animal feed. Ochratoxin A is a dangerous contaminant, which can have a negative effect on the health and production of animals. In this study, the incidence of ochratoxin A in a complete feed for broilers (n = 25) and pigs (n = 6) was determined. Ochratoxin A was detected in one sample of pigs feed (16.67 %) and its concentration was 1.221 µg.kg−1. This mycotoxin was not detected in the broiler feed samples. These results indicate that the feed samples collected were safe and do not pose a risk of acute mycotoxicosis in animals.

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Costa, Leonardo Emanuel de Oliveira, Thamy Lívia Ribeiro Corrêa, Janaina Aparecida Teixeira, Elza Fernandes de Araújo e Marisa Vieira de Queiroz. "Endophytic bacteria isolated from Phaseolus vulgaris produce phytases with potential for biotechnology application". Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences 5, n. 11 (2018): 657–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21472/bjbs.051105.

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Currently, endophytic microorganisms have become a good source of different enzymes and others metabolites of industrial interest. Among a huge spectral of molecules, enzymes as phytases have been emphasized by the ability to hydrolyze the phytic acid that represents the largest storage form of inorganic phosphorus in cereals, which are the staple diet of monogastric animals such as swine and poultry. Moreover, phytic acid acts as an antinutrient by chelating divalent metal ions, and it is interesting provide phytase as an animal feed supplement for those monogastric animals. In the current study, 158 endophytic bacteria isolated from the leaves of three cultivars of Phaseolus vulgaris were assessed for the ability to produce phytase. Among them, four isolates belonging to the Pseudomonas, Stenotrophomonas, Microbacterium and Rhodococcus genera were highlighted, due their phytase production. The phytase produced by Microbacterium foliorum BAC1157 exhibited activity at 70 oC and stability in the presence of divalent cations, indicating that this phytase has a promising use in the animal feed industry. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report on phytase production by bacteria of the Microbacterium genera.

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Campbell, G. L., e M. R. Bedford. "Enzyme applications for monogastric feeds: A review". Canadian Journal of Animal Science 72, n. 3 (1 settembre 1992): 449–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas92-058.

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The potential for industrial enzyme products as animal feed additives has attracted substantial interest from feed manufacturers as a novel means of improving animal performance. Enzyme manufacturers have also targeted feed as an alternate outlet for their products, which have primarily been in the food, beverage, and detergent industries. Despite a history dating back 35 years or more, only recently has enzyme application been extensive and efforts in research intensified. The use of enzymes that degrade polysaccharides of the endosperm cell wall has become most prominent. The major cell wall polysaccharides are the β-glucans in barley and oats and arabinoxylans (pentosans) in rye, wheat, and triticale. In barley and rye particularly, the cell wall carbohydrates are prone to solubilization. The major enzymes are endolytic and achieve their beneficial effects by removal of diffusion constraints that interfere with nutrient absorption. Although most nutrients are affected, fat malabsorption may be severe in chicks fed unsupplemented diets containing barley or rye. Young chicks give the greatest response to enzyme-induced viscosity reduction; the response is much less evident in older birds or in swine. In addition to carbohydrases, renewed research in dietary phytase has occurred with the realization that phytases provide a cost-effective alternative to inorganic phosphorous in regions with dense populations and intensive livestock production, where excessive phosphorus in animal wastes is a national concern. Other enzymes may also be beneficial, including supplementary α-amylase (in young animals) and oligosaccharidases for feeds high in oligosaccharides; however, this has not been shown conclusively. Enzymes with desired activity and stability characteristics for feed applications will continue to be developed. Future directions for enzyme research may also involve genetic manipulation of the substrate to facilitate more complete enzyme degradation, as in the case of the fiber components of rye. Key words: Dietary enzymes, β-glucanase, pentosanase, phytase, feed, β-glucan, pentosan, phytate

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Wenk, Caspar. "Herbs and Botanicals as Feed Additives in Monogastric Animals". Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 16, n. 2 (1 gennaio 2003): 282–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2003.282.

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Akinfala, E. O., e O. Matanmi. "Sustainable utilisation of cassava plant for feeding monogastric animals". Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2007 (aprile 2007): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200021086.

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Nigeria, which produces an estimated 34 million metric tons of cassava annually, is the leading producer of cassava world-wide (FAO, 2004a). There have been several studies by many scientists on the use of cassava for livestock feeding. Most of these studies centred on the use of either flour or peels or leaves. Besides, most of these studies confirmed the suitability of cassava flour to replace maize partially or wholly in the diets of all species of livestock. The replacement of maize with cassava flour was reported to be economical. These findings appeared to have been over taken by events and recently in Nigeria, cassava has been attracting interest as an industrial crop having found various uses in the starch, pharmaceutical, bread, and biscuit industries. This has made the price of cassava flour to be on the increase. Based on the high cost of cassava flour, its use to replace maize is becoming unattractive economically. As a result of this, attempt was made to reduce the flour content in the diets of monogastric animals considerably by adding more of peels, leaves, and tender-stems. Most of these by products from cassava especially peel, leaves, and tender-stems are under-utilised as they are often left to rot away after harvest on farms and homesteads where cassava is grown in Nigeria. Hence, the objective of these studies was to evaluate the effect of inclusion of various products and by products obtainable from cassava in a single or composite diet on the performance of monogastric animals.

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Gerber, G. B., M. van Hees, C. T. Garten, C. M. Vandecasteele, J. Vankerkom, R. van Bruwaene, R. Kirchmann, J. Colard e M. Cogneau. "Technetium Absorption and Turnover in Monogastric and Polygastric Animals". Health Physics 57, n. 2 (agosto 1989): 315–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004032-198908000-00010.

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Renna, M., L. Rastello e L. Gasco. "Can insects be used in the nutrition of ruminants?" Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 8, n. 10 (4 ottobre 2022): 1041–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/jiff2022.x006.

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Recent studies pointed out that live insects and their products (meals and oils) are suitable protein and fat sources and can be used in the nutrition of farmed monogastric animals. This is as an alternative to traditional plant-derived and animal-derived feedstuffs. To date very little information is available concerning the effects of the dietary inclusion of insects on feed digestibility and performance of ruminant animals. The aim of this editorial is to briefly review the published information on this topic.

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Veldkamp, T., A. Schiavone e L. Gasco. "Introducing the special issue ‘Insects on the monogastric menu’". Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 8, n. 9 (6 settembre 2022): 951–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/jiff2022.x005.

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Interest in insects as feed ingredients in poultry, swine and rabbit is growing rapidly. The protein fraction has been studied most, but research on other nutrients from insects and a deeper understanding of beneficial aspects of the use of insects is gaining traction. Since September 2021 it is legally allowed to include insect proteins in feed for poultry and pigs and the number of publications on applications of insect products in these livestock animals is increasing. Publishing open access ensures the engagement of all stakeholders in the insect chain and parties involved in using the end products in animal feed. For this reason, the Journal of Insects as Food and Feed has composed an open access special issue focussing on applications of insect products in monogastric animal nutrition. The special issue touches on aspects related to nutrition, health, welfare, safety, socio-economic and consumer issues.

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Ribeiro, David Miguel, Cátia Falcão Martins, Mónica Costa, Diogo Coelho, José Pestana, Cristina Alfaia, Madalena Lordelo, André Martinho de Almeida, João Pedro Bengala Freire e José António Mestre Prates. "Quality Traits and Nutritional Value of Pork and Poultry Meat from Animals Fed with Seaweeds". Foods 10, n. 12 (1 dicembre 2021): 2961. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10122961.

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Seaweeds have caught the attention of the scientific community in recent years. Their production can mitigate the negative impact of anthropogenic activity and their use in animal nutrition reduces the dependency on conventional crops such as maize and soybean meal. In the context of monogastric animals, novel approaches have made it possible to optimise their use in feed, namely polysaccharide extraction, biomass fermentation, enzymatic processing, and feed supplementation with carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes). Their bioactive properties make them putative candidates as feed ingredients that enhance meat quality traits, such as lipid oxidation, shelf-life, and meat colour. Indeed, they are excellent sources of essential amino acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, minerals, and pigments that can be transferred to the meat of monogastric animals. However, their nutritional composition is highly variable, depending on species, harvesting region, local pollution, and harvesting season, among other factors. In this review, we assess the current use and challenges of using seaweeds in pig and poultry diets, envisaging to improve meat quality and its nutritional value.

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Krasnolobova, E. P., K. A. Sidorova e N. A. Cheremenina. "Hepatopathies of monogastric animals under the conditions of the Northern Trans-Urals". International Journal of Veterinary Medicine, n. 4 (2 febbraio 2023): 308–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.52419/issn2072-2419.2022.4.308.

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As is known, the liver in the body of mammalian animals converts nutrients into other chemical formations, which are later used by the body itself or are excreted. Also, this organ performs a detoxification function. The liver contains the necessary supply of blood, vitamins and carbohydrates for the animal, as well as the synthesis of some blood proteins and other vital organic substances. It is known that up to 1,000 different biochemical processes take place in this largest gland of the body, however, due to the enormous load on the hepatocyte, it often undergoes destruction. The level and intensity of metabolic processes in the body of animals depends on the morphofunctional state of this organ. The aim of the research was to study the spread and manifestation of hepatopathy in monogastric animals in the conditions of the Northern Trans-Urals. The liver of the studied animals (rabbits and dogs) was selected for morphohistological studies. Based on the conducted studies and analysis of the results obtained, it was found that various types of hepatopathy in rabbits with unbalanced feeding and feeding with substandard feed were observed in 45% of cases, and in dogs - in 41.7% of cases. For the digestive glands, both substandard commercial feed and feed prepared by the owners of animals themselves have a negative impact. At the same time, the degree of liver dysfunction did not depend on whether the animals were fed industrial feed or food "from the table". In the course of our research, the following data were obtained: during morphological examination of the liver of rabbits, pathologies were established in 45% of cases, of which hydropic dystrophy -10%, hepatosis -20%, cirrhosis -15%. Liver dysfunction, as an independent disease, was registered in dogs in 14.1% of cases. In experimental dogs, we treated the following types of liver lesions: 42% - liver steatosis, 24.5% - liver inflammation, 12% - liver cirrhosis, 19.2% - cholecystitis, 2.3% - liver neoplasms.

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Lipiński, Krzysztof, Magdalena Mazur, Zofia Antoszkiewicz e Cezary Purwin. "Polyphenols in Monogastric Nutrition – A Review". Annals of Animal Science 17, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2017): 41–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aoas-2016-0042.

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Abstract The popularity of plant-based feed additives in livestock production has increased significantly in the last decade. Polyphenols are secondary plant metabolites which contain bioactive components and deliver positive effects for humans and animals. They are renowned for their anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and anti-mutagenic effects. Polyphenols have antioxidant properties, and they minimize the negative consequences of oxidative stress. Their antioxidant capacity is comparable to that of the major biological antioxidants: vitamins E and C. Despite those advantages, polyphenols are characterized by low bioavailability, and further research is needed to harness their full potential in livestock farming. This article presents a review of findings from recent studies investigating the efficacy of polyphenols in monogastric nutrition, with special emphasis on their antioxidant properties.

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Kiczorowska, Bożena, Wioletta Samolińska, Ali Ridha Mustafa Al-Yasiry, Piotr Kiczorowski e Anna Winiarska-Mieczan. "The natural feed additives as immunostimulants in monogastric animal nutrition – a review". Annals of Animal Science 17, n. 3 (26 luglio 2017): 605–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aoas-2016-0076.

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Abstract Probiotics, prebiotics, and phytobiotics could be a possible solution as immunostimulants in monogastric animal nutrition. Beneficial effects of application thereof in animals are determined by many factors, e.g. the type of the probiotic strain, probiotic compounds, or plant species used as a supplement. A significant role is also played by the animal species, dosage, and the time and method of administration. The activity of these compounds is primarily focused on prevention of pathogen infections and, consequently, improvement of animal welfare. Probiotics compete with pathogenic bacteria by covering the intestinal epithelium mucosa, thereby interrupting pathogen colonization in the gastrointestinal tract. Supplementation with probiotics, prebiotics, and phytobiotics can also induce positive changes in the intestinal morphology, e.g. elongation of villi or deepening of intestinal crypts. In a majority of cases, they also modulate the immune response of the host. They mobilise the cellular components of the innate immune system (macrophages and heterophils), which defend the animal organism against gastrointestinal infection. Another possibility is the synthesis and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines that modulate adaptive immunity or stabilization of the intestinal microbiome. The main target of immunomodulatory feed additives is reduction of local inflammation, enhancement of the function of the immune system, a substantial impact on the health status of livestock animals, and improvement of their health status and production performance.

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Ratriyanto, A., R. Mosenthin, E. Bauer e M. Eklund. "Metabolic, Osmoregulatory and Nutritional Functions of Betaine in Monogastric Animals". Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 22, n. 10 (26 agosto 2009): 1461–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2009.80659.

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28

Azad, Md A. K., Jing Gao, Jie Ma, Tiejun Li, Bie Tan, Xingguo Huang e Jie Yin. "Opportunities of prebiotics for the intestinal health of monogastric animals". Animal Nutrition 6, n. 4 (dicembre 2020): 379–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2020.08.001.

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29

Buraczewski, S. "Endogenous NPN-Compounds in the Intestinal Tract of Monogastric Animals". Archiv für Tierernaehrung 36, n. 2-3 (febbraio 1986): 274–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17450398609425272.

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30

Choct, M. "Feed non-starch polysaccharides for monogastric animals: classification and function". Animal Production Science 55, n. 12 (2015): 1360. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an15276.

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Abstract (sommario):

This review outlines the importance of understanding the true fibre content, which is the sum of non-starch polysaccharides and lignin, of feed in order for animal nutritionists to improve the precision of feed formulation in the future. The continuing use of crude fibre in feed formulation means that up to a quarter of the feed components, mainly non-starch polysaccharides and oligosaccharides that are lost during acid and alkali extractions, are ignored for ingredients such as soybean meal. Furthermore, the values for acid detergent fibre and neutral detergent fibre are not used for feed formulation. They also do not represent unique classes of chemically defined molecules. In some cases, neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre values do not cover a large proportion of soluble fibre, for example, in leguminous crops that contain a high level of pectic polysaccharides. Non-starch polysaccharides and their associated lignin content represent the true fibre levels in ingredients and this is the basis from which structural and physicochemical elucidation of fibre can be attained. Only with such understanding will nutritional strategies be applied to target specific fractions/types of fibre in ingredients to produce desired nutritional and health outcomes in pigs and poultry. In this context, an example is given to illustrate how gut microbiota of animals can be manipulated to enhance production performance and immunity.

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31

Saganuwan, Saganuwan Alhaji, e Patrick Azubuike Onyeyili. "The Paradox of Human Equivalent Dose Formula: A Canonical Case Study of Abrus Precatorius Aqueous Leaf Extract in Monogastric Animals". Macedonian Veterinary Review 39, n. 1 (1 marzo 2016): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/macvetrev-2015-0061.

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AbstractThere is abundant literature on the toxicity of A. precatorius seeds. However there is a need to define the toxicity limit of the Abrus precatorius leaf in monogastric animals. Human Equivalent Dose (HED) which is equal to animal dose multiplied by animal km (metabolism constant) divided by human km was used to project the LD50 of fifteen monogastric animals, where human km factor is body weight (kg) divided by body surface area (m2). Human Equivalent No-observable Adverse Effect Doses were determined by multiplying the animal no-observable adverse effect dose by animal weight (Wa) divided by human weight (Wh). The LD50 of the aqueous leaf extract of Abrus precatorius in mice was estimated to be between 2559.5 and 3123.3 mg/kg body weight. The LD50 extrapolated from mouse to rat (1349.3-1646.6 mg/kg), hamster (1855.3-2264.1 mg/kg), guinea pig (1279.5-1561.4 mg/kg), rabbit (618.4-754.7 mg/kg), monkey (593.7-724.5 mg/kg), cat (392.7-479.2 mg/kg), dog and baboon (371.1-452.8 mg/kg), child (297-362 mg/kg) and adult human (197.8-241.5 mg/kg) body weight respectively could be a reality. The therapeutic safe dose range for the animals was 1-12.5 mg/kg body weight for a period of 7 days, but at a dose (≤ 200 mg/kg body weight) the leaf extract showed haematinic effect. However, at a higher dose (> 200 mg/kg), the extract showed haemolytic activity in rats, whereas at a dose (≥25.0 mg/kg), the leaf extract might be organotoxic in hamster, guinea pig, rabbit, monkey, cat, dog, baboon, child and adult human if administered orally for a period of 7 days.

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32

Minekus, Mans, Phillipe Marteau, Robert Havenaar e Jos H. J. Huis in't Veld. "A Multicompartmental Dynamic Computer-controlled Model Simulating the Stomach and Small Intestine". Alternatives to Laboratory Animals 23, n. 2 (marzo 1995): 197–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026119299502300205.

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A multicompartmental in vitro model has been described, which simulates the dynamic events occurring within the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract of man and monogastric animals. The accuracy of the model for reproducing in vivo data on gastrointestinal transit, pH, bile salt concentrations and the absorption of glucose was tested. The in vivo conditions simulated in the model were based on studies in healthy human volunteers. Mathematical modelling of gastric and ileal delivery with power exponential equations was used for the computer control of meal transit. The model appeared to reproduce accurately the pre-set data on meal transit, pH and bile salt concentrations in the different gastrointestinal compartments. Glucose absorption from the small intestine was almost complete. This model reproduces very closely the dynamic conditions based on the in vivo situation in monogastric animals and man. Therefore, the model can be an important tool in studying the fate of ingested components (for example, food, microorganisms and medicines) during gastrointestinal transit and, consequently, may contribute to the replacement of studies using laboratory animals.

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33

CHAUDHARY, Pradeep, Bishwo Jyoti ADHİKARİ e Jenish ADHİKARİ. "Impact of dietary fiber in animal diet; a mini review". Journal of Istanbul Veterinary Sciences 6, n. 3 (31 dicembre 2022): 123–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.30704/http-www-jivs-net.1125539.

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This mini review describes dietary fibers, their source and compositions. It explores the importance of fiber in the animal diet, health benefit and how fiber contributes to the production of healthy animals in post antibiotics era. The review also discusses fiber fermentation, role in nutrient digestion, enzyme production and how the gut microbiota responds to a selection of fibers. And the components of fiber that increases microbiota which are commensal to the mucus and epithelium of gut. Lastly, recommendations are made on how dietary fiber could be used to achieve maximum advantages in terms of nutrient utilization, performance, and gut health in both monogastric and ruminant animals.

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34

Skrede, A., L. Mydland, Ø. Ahlstrøm, K. Reitan, H. Gislerød e M. Øverland. "Evaluation of microalgae as sources of digestible nutrients for monogastric animals". Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences 20, n. 1 (12 marzo 2011): 131–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.22358/jafs/66164/2011.

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35

Shapovalov, S., G. Kozmin, A. Zenkin, E. Denisova, Yu Kurachenko e S. Fesenko. "Radioactive particles: biokinetic transfer parameters in the GIT of monogastric animals". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1701 (novembre 2020): 012025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1701/1/012025.

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36

Bimrew, Asmare. "Effect of common feed enzymes on nutrient utilization of monogastric animals". International Journal of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Research 5, n. 4 (31 luglio 2014): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ijbmbr2014.0191.

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37

Stødkilde, L., V. K. Damborg, H. Jørgensen, H. N. Lærke e S. K. Jensen. "Digestibility of fractionated green biomass as protein source for monogastric animals". Animal 13, n. 9 (2019): 1817–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1751731119000156.

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38

McDougall, N. Ruth, e R. M. Beames. "Composition of raspberry pomace and its nutritive value for monogastric animals". Animal Feed Science and Technology 45, n. 2 (gennaio 1994): 139–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0377-8401(94)90022-1.

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39

Yang, Zhongyue, John K. Htoo e Shengfa F. Liao. "Methionine nutrition in swine and related monogastric animals: Beyond protein biosynthesis". Animal Feed Science and Technology 268 (ottobre 2020): 114608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114608.

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40

Birkett, Stephen, e Kees de Lange. "A computational framework for a nutrient flow representation of energy utilization by growing monogastric animals". British Journal of Nutrition 86, n. 6 (dicembre 2001): 661–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn2001442.

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Abstract (sommario):

A computational framework to represent nutrient utilization for body protein and lipid accretion by growing monogastric animals is presented. Nutrient and metabolite flows, and the biochemical and biological processes which transform these, are explicitly represented. A minimal set of calibration parameters is determined to provide five degrees of freedom in the adjustment of the marginal input–output response of this nutritional process model for a particular (monogastric) animal species. These parameters reflect the energy requirements to support the main biological processes: nutrient intake, faecal and urinary excretion, and production in terms of protein and lipid accretion. Complete computational details are developed and presented for these five nutritional processes, as well as a representation of the main biochemical transformations in the metabolic processing of nutrient intake. Absolute model response is determined as the residual nutrient requirements for basal processes. This model can be used to improve the accuracy of predicting the energetic efficiency of utilizing nutrient intake, as this is affected by independent diet and metabolic effects. Model outputs may be used to generate mechanistically predicted values for the net energy of a diet at particular defined metabolic states.

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41

Colombatto, D., D. P. Morgavi e F. L. Mould. "Feed enzymes for ruminants. The need for a rational screening system". Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2002 (2002): 249–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200009005.

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Enzymes that degrade the plant cell wall, collectively termed cellulases and hemicellulases, have attracted considerable research efforts recently, because of their potential to be used as additives for animal feeds. Widely used in monogastric animals, mainly to remove antinutritional factors (Bedford, 2000), enzymes are increasingly used in ruminant diets to enhance feedstuff degradability, following results from feeding trials where positive responses in rumen digestion and animal production were observed (Beaucheminet al., 1995; Fenget al., 1996; Yanget al., 1999). Enzymes could also provide an environmentally friendly alternative to the use of antibiotics as feed additives for ruminants.

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42

Jia, Manyi, Yucheng Zhang, Yuqi Gao e Xi Ma. "Effects of Medium Chain Fatty Acids on Intestinal Health of Monogastric Animals". Current Protein & Peptide Science 21, n. 8 (9 novembre 2020): 777–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389203721666191231145901.

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Medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) are the main form of Medium Chain Triglycerides (MCTs) utilized by monogastric animals. MCFAs can be directly absorbed and supply rapid energy to promote the renewal and repair of intestinal epithelial cells, maintain the integrity of intestinal mucosal barrier function, and reduce inflammation and stress. In our review, we pay more attention to the role of MCFAs on intestinal microbiota and mucosa immunity to explore MCFA's positive effect. It was found that MCFAs and their esterified forms can decrease pathogens while increasing probiotics. In addition, being recognized via specific receptors, MCFAs are capable of alleviating inflammation to a certain extent by regulating inflammation and immune-related pathways. MCFAs may also have a certain value to relieve intestinal allergy and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Unknown mechanism of various MCFA characteristics still causes dilemmas in the application, thus MCFAs are used generally in limited dosages and combined with short-chain organic acids (SOAs) to attain ideal results. We hope that further studies will provide guidance for the practical use of MCFAs in animal feed.

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43

STRASDINE, G. A., YVONNE M. JONES, R. M. BEAMES e L. J. FISHER. "AN ASSESSMENT OF ENSILING THE PROCESSING WASTES FROM DOGFISH TO PRODUCE A PROTEIN FEED FOR MONOGASTRIC ANIMALS". Canadian Journal of Animal Science 68, n. 3 (1 settembre 1988): 873–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas88-096.

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Dogfish (Squalus acanthias) processing wastes were readily hydrolyzed in the presence of 1.5% formic acid to produce a stable, liquid product free of bones and scales. The rate and the extent of solubilization is temperature dependent. A temperature of 45 °C provided a maximum digestion without denaturing the hydrolytic enzymes present in the fish silage. The resultant acidified product was stable at ambient temperature for 6 mo. The dogfish silage contained 74.4% moisture, 3.0% nitrogen, and 3.4% ash. In a protein evaluation trial with rats the true digestibility of the nitrogen fraction of the silage was estimated to be 93.5%. However, when fed alone, the biological value of the silage was low and was not appreciably improved by the addition of lysine or methionine. It was concluded from this pilot study that waste from the processing of dogfish could be successfully made into fish silage but that the end product would need to be combined with amino acids or other protein concentrates for it to be of value as a supplement for barley in diets for monogastric animals. Key words: Monogastric, dogfish, silage, processing

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44

Hong, Jinsu, Taehee Han e Yoo Yong Kim. "Mealworm (Tenebrio molitor Larvae) as an Alternative Protein Source for Monogastric Animal: A Review". Animals 10, n. 11 (8 novembre 2020): 2068. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10112068.

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Edible insects have been used as an alternative protein source for food and animal feed, and the market size for edible insects has increased. Tenebrio molitor larvae, also known as mealworm and yellow mealworm, are considered a good protein source with nutritional value, digestibility, flavor, and a functional ability. Additionally, they are easy to breed and feed for having a stable protein content, regardless of their diets. Therefore, T. molitor larvae have been produced industrially as feed for pets, zoo animals, and even for production animals. To maintain the nutrient composition and safety of T. molitor larvae, slaughtering (heating or freezing) and post-slaughtering (drying and grinding) procedures should be improved for animal feed. T. molitor larvae are also processed with defatting or hydrolysis before grinding. They have a high quality and quantity of protein and amino acid profile, so are considered a highly sustainable protein source for replacing soybean meal or fishmeal. T. molitor has a chitin in its cuticle, which is an indigestible fiber with positive effects on the immune system. In studies of poultry, the supplementation of T. molitor larvae improved the growth performance of broiler chickens, without having negative effects on carcass traits, whereas some studies have reported that there were no significant differences in the growth performance and carcass yield of broiler chickens. In studies of swine, the supplementation of T. molitor larvae improved the growth performance and protein utilization of weaning pigs. Furthermore, 10% of T. molitor larvae showed greater amino acid digestibility than conventional animal proteins in growing pigs. However, there are some challenges regarding the biosafety, consumer’s acceptance, and price for the use of T. moiltor larvae in animal feed. Consequently, T. molitor larvae could be used as an alternative or sustainable protein source in monogastric animal feed with a consideration of the nutritional values, biosafety, consumer’s acceptance, and market price of T. molitor larvae products.

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45

Eugenio, F. A., J. van Milgen, J. Duperray, R. Sergheraert e N. Le Floc’h. "Feeding intact proteins, peptides, or free amino acids to monogastric farm animals". Amino Acids 54, n. 2 (febbraio 2022): 157–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00726-021-03118-0.

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46

Lei, Xin Jian, Zhang Zhuang Liu, Jae Hong Park e In Ho Kim. "Novel zinc sources as antimicrobial growth promoters for monogastric animals: a review". Journal of Animal Science and Technology 64, n. 2 (marzo 2022): 187–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5187/jast.2022.e1.

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47

Biagi, Giacomo, C. G. Vecchiato e C. Pinna. "The Utilization of Prebiotics, Probiotics, Organic Acids and Antibiotics in Monogastric Animals". KnE Life Sciences 2, n. 6 (26 novembre 2017): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/kls.v2i6.1019.

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The gastrointestinal microbiota is a complex ecosystem made up of a multitude of bacterial species, some of which are potentially pathogenic, while others are considered good for the host. The beneficial microorganisms that live in the hindgut influence gastrointestinal functionality and the host’s health in general. Nowadays, many dietary supplements are available to be fed to young farm animals such as broilers, turkeys, piglets and calves in order to improve their intestinal health and growth performance. Despite the fact that non-pharmacological feed additives in general do not reach the efficacy of antibiotics as growth promoters, the proper choice and use of a dietary supplement may improve livestock productivity. Nevertheless, it has to be considered that dietary supplements usually increase the feed price, which means that the cost-benefit ratio of feed additives should always be determined. Keywords: gastrointestinal microbiota; dietary supplements; livestock productivity

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48

Halas, Veronika. "Growth models and their application in precision feeding of monogastric farm animals". Acta fytotechnica et zootechnica 23, Monothematic Issue (1 dicembre 2020): 258–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.15414/afz.2020.23.mi-fpap.258-264.

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49

Shapovalov, S., G. Kozmin, V. Budarkov, A. Zenkin, E. Denisova, Yu Kurachenko e S. Fesenko. "Damage to the digestive tract of monogastric animals by “hot” radioactive particles". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1701 (novembre 2020): 012026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1701/1/012026.

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50

Verstegen, Martin W. A., e Barbara A. Williams. "ALTERNATIVES TO THE USE OF ANTIBIOTICS AS GROWTH PROMOTERS FOR MONOGASTRIC ANIMALS". Animal Biotechnology 13, n. 1 (luglio 2002): 113–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/abio-120005774.

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