Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Monogastric animals"
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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Monogastric animals"
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Jensen, Bent Borg. "Methanogenesis in monogastric animals". Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 42, n. 1-2 (settembre 1996): 99–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00394044.
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ИЛЬЯШЕНКО, А. "Protease for monogastric animals". Животноводство России, n. 10 (1 ottobre 2024): 45–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.25701/zzr.2024.10.007.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Для улучшения использования протеина и аминокислот гороха, а также соевого, подсолнечного и рапсового шротов (жмыхов) в организме моногастричных животных (свиньи, птица) в комбикорма целесообразно включать протеолитические ферментные добавки, эффективно работающие в кислой, нейтральной и щелочной среде желудочно-кишечного тракта.
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Trukhachev, V. I. "Use of phytobiotics in feeding monogastric animals (review )". Izvestiâ Timirâzevskoj selʹskohozâjstvennoj akademii, n. 4 (2023): 126–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/0021-342x-2023-4-126-143.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The negative consequences of the irrational use of feed antibiotics in animal husbandry, consisting in the spread of resistance of pathogens to their action, determine the relevance of the search for and introduction of alternative stabilisers of the intestinal microbiota of animals in the feed industry. These include phytobiotics – plant preparations that help improve animal productivity and health. The paper presents a review of national and foreign scientific literature on the use of phytogenic feed additives in the feeding of monogastric animals. Specific cases of the use of phytogenic feed additives in the feeding of poultry (broilers, laying hens, turkeys, ducks, quails, geese), pigs, rabbits and horses of different age and sex groups are considered. The results of the effect of phytobiotics on zootechnical indicators of farm animal growth, blood morphology, intestinal microbiota, biochemical characteristics of meat, eggs and other products are presented. Growth stimulating, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and other beneficial properties of phytobiotics prepared from various plant components are described. On the basis of the review, conclusions are drawn on the wide range of plant raw materials used as phytobiotics, the main biologically active compounds that determine the functional properties of the studied preparations, the scope of use of phytobiotics in the feeding of various monogastric animals, and the nature of the effect of additives on economic and biological characteristics of animals.
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Muhammad Shuaib Shaffi e Muhammad Khalid Hameed. "The role of probiotics in animal nutrition and health". World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 17, n. 3 (30 marzo 2023): 276–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2023.17.3.0396.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The purpose of this review article is to discuss the role of probiotics in animal nutrition and health. In the last 15 years, probiotics have become increasingly popular in many animal production systems. Inadequate scientifically-based, all-encompassing, and unified data on the effects of probiotics in monogastric and ruminant animals prompted the current review. Feed supplements containing live microorganisms, known as probiotics, are shown to improve intestinal balance and overall health when given on a consistent and adequate schedule. Probiotics are a type of live microorganism that can be added to animal feed to help improve the health and productivity of cattle by balancing the microbes in the animals' digestive systems. This article summarizes the literature on the effects of yeast and bacterial probiotics on the gut microbiome of ruminants and monogastric animals and the implications of these findings for animal nutrition and health. Lastly, the positive effects of probiotics are outlined, including increased animal growth, decreased mortality, and enhanced feed conversion efficiency.
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Hassan, Zahra Mohammed, Tlou Grace Manyelo, Letlhogonolo Selaledi e Monnye Mabelebele. "The Effects of Tannins in Monogastric Animals with Special Reference to Alternative Feed Ingredients". Molecules 25, n. 20 (14 ottobre 2020): 4680. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25204680.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Over recent years, the monogastric animal industry has witnessed an increase in feed prices due to several factors, and this trend is likely to continue. The hike in feed prices is mostly due to extreme competition over commonly used conventional ingredients. For this trend to be subdued, alternative ingredients of both plant and animal origin need to be sourced. These types of ingredients are investigated with the aim of substituting all or some of the conventional compounds. However, alternative ingredients often have a double-edged sword effect, in that they can supply animals with the necessary nutrients although they contain antinutritional factors such as tannins. Tannins are complex secondary metabolites commonly present in the plant kingdom, known to bind with protein and make it unavailable; however, recently they have been proven to have the potential to replace conventional ingredients, in addition to their health benefits, particularly the control of zoonotic pathogens such as Salmonella. Thus, the purpose of this review is to (1) classify the types of tannins present in alternative feed ingredients, and (2) outline the effects and benefits of tannins in monogastric animals. Several processing methods have been reported to reduce tannins in diets for monogastric animals; furthermore, these need to be cost-effective. It can thus be concluded that the level of inclusion of tannins in diets will depend on the type of ingredient and the animal species.
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Kryukov, V. S., S. V. Zinoviev e R. V. Nekrasov. "Proteases in the diet of monogastric animals". Agrarian science 344, n. 1 (13 marzo 2021): 30–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2021-344-1-30-38.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
There are many proteases, and about 2% of the human genome is involved in the regulation of their formation. The share of proteases involved in digestion accounts for only a small part. Despite this, the mechanisms of action of digestive proteases are less studied than carbohydrases and lipases. The incorporation of exogenous proteases into young animal feeds is often accompanied by improved utilization of protein and other nutrients. Exogenous proteases degrade inhibitors of the endogenous protease and lectins in feed. Alkaline proteases are of interest due to their broader substrate specificity and activity throughout the entire gastrointestinal tract. This group includes keratinases, which digest proteins inaccessible for cleavage by proteases and peptidases of animals. Keratinases digest agglutinins, glycinin and b-conglycinin and connective tissue proteins, which are resistant to the action of gastrointestinal enzymes and a number of exogenous proteases. The alleged reasons for the inconsistent results when using feed proteases are described. Their mediated positive effects not associated with proteolysis are indicated. It is advisable to use proteases with keratinolytic activity as fodder proteases.
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Kryukov, V. S., S. V. Zinoviev, R. V. Nekrasov, I. V. Glebova e V. B. Galetsky. "Polyenzyme preparations in feeding of monogastric animals". Agrarian science, n. 4 (20 giugno 2021): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2021-348-4-35-43.
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Manyelo, Tlou Grace, Nthabiseng Amenda Sebola, Elsabe Janse van Rensburg e Monnye Mabelebele. "The Probable Use of Genus amaranthus as Feed Material for Monogastric Animals". Animals 10, n. 9 (26 agosto 2020): 1504. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10091504.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This review presents, discusses, and provides a comprehensive understanding of the potential use of amaranth as feed for monogastric animals. Amaranth is an ancient nutritious crop that has been cultivated for multiple purposes. In America, Asia, and Africa, the leaves of amaranth species are used as vegetables. The change in climatic conditions globally has resulted in shortages of rainfall, unpredictable weather, and lack of inputs such as fertilizer. This has led to scarcity of protein sources in the market and instability in prices which makes it necessary to consider alternative ingredients in poultry, pigs, fish, and rabbits feed formulation. Amaranth is rich in fiber, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and phenolic compounds which have some health benefits in animals and can be used to improve productivity. It also contains anti-nutritional factors which can be reduced by several processing methods. Moreover, its use in monogastric nutrition is useful because amaranth has shown to improve monogastric productivity without having any adverse effect on animals’ productivity. Thus, from this review, it can be concluded that amaranth leaves and grains can be used successfully in monogastric animals though different processing methods which might need to be employed in order to reduce anti-nutritional factors before use in animals.
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Sun, Haoxuan, Xinyue Kang, Huize Tan, Huiyi Cai e Dan Chen. "Progress in Fermented Unconventional Feed Application in Monogastric Animal Production in China". Fermentation 9, n. 11 (1 novembre 2023): 947. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9110947.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Unconventional animal feeds present distinct features and considerable variations. However, their efficacy in monogastric animals is hindered by high levels of anti-nutritional elements and subpar palatability. Feed fermentation could offer a solution to these issues. Moreover, fermented unconventional feeds deliver notable economic advantages and represent a viable alternative to antibiotic growth promoters, particularly in the context of antibiotic restrictions, promising considerable potential. This review provides an in-depth exploration of the types, characteristics, fermentation processes, application outcomes, associated challenges, and prospects of fermented unconventional feeds in monogastric animals. We anticipate that this comprehensive overview will serve as a valuable reference for developing and utilizing unconventional feed resources in the feed industry.
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Cornescu, Gabriela Maria, Tatiana Dumitra Panaite, Cristina Soica, Ana Cismileanu e Cristina Camelia Matache. "Jerusalem Artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) as a Promising Dietary Feed Ingredient for Monogastric Farm Animals". Applied Sciences 13, n. 23 (28 novembre 2023): 12748. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app132312748.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In recent years, there has been significant attention toward the incorporation of alternative functional feed ingredients in monogastric diets. The objective is to improve sustainability and optimize animal performance both under normal conditions and in heat stress situations. Among these alternatives, Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) has emerged as a promising candidate due to its nutritional composition and potential health benefits. This review aims to investigate the potential utilization of Jerusalem artichoke in monogastric diets and the impact on productive performance parameters. Moreover, the potential prebiotic effects of Jerusalem artichoke on the composition and activity of monogastric gut microbiota are revealed, showing its implications for gut health and reduction in pathogenic bacteria. The incorporation of Jerusalem artichoke in monogastric diets poses several challenges, such as limitation of the dietary inclusion rate. However, there are also future perspectives to consider, such as optimizing processing techniques, evaluating the effects of different cultivars, and exploring potential synergies with other dietary feed ingredients. In summary, this study provides a comprehensive overview of the key findings and unique perspectives on the utilization of Jerusalem artichoke in monogastric diets, highlighting its potential as a valuable feed ingredient.
Tesi sul tema "Monogastric animals"
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VERSO, L. LO. "Modulation of gut health in monogastric animals through nutritional additives". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/171958.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
There is a wide interest in developing management and feeding strategies to stimulate gut development and health in monogastric animals. The ultimate aim of these strategies is to improve productivity, while minimizing the use of antibiotics and rather expensive feed ingredients: indeed, under practical conditions, animals don’t achieve the maximum of their growth performance potential. Large amounts of research have been conducted evaluating the impact of a wide range of feed ingredients and feed additives on various aspects of gut health and development in monogastric animals.
The main objective of this thesis was to improve our knowledge on the properties of new additives as feeding strategy, in order to increase general health in piglets around weaning and poultry, with the aim to substitute antibiotics growth promoters. Three different trials were designed to study different strategies.
In the first study proposed, the effects of plant extract administered through drinking water on post-weaning gut health of piglets were investigated. Phytogenic feed additives are plant-derived products used in animal feeding to improve the performance of agricultural livestock. The objective of the present work was to evaluate the effects of a novel plant extract derived from common food plants on performance and health of weaned piglets fed mixed diet. At weaning (24 d), a total of 144 piglets were allocated in two post-weaning rooms, using a 2x2 factorial arrangement; treatments were Plant Extracts, 0 (Control group) or 8 μl daily/piglet (PE group) and Feeding Regimen, Ad Libitum or Restricted (piglets fed from 8 AM to 8 PM). Plant Extracts were a liquid mixture administered through drinking water. Piglets were housed in pens of three; each pen represented one treatment replicate, with six pens per treatment per room. On day 9 of the trial, after an adaptation period, each piglet of room 2 was orally injected with 4 ml of a solution containing 109 cfu of the virulent E. coli 0149: F4(K88)-positive strain. Animals were weighed and growth performance were recorded weekly; fecal score was evaluated at the same time as the weighing. At 0, 14 and 35 days, fecal samples were collected for microbiological analysis, while at day 0, 6, 19 and 35, blood samples were obtained from one pig per pen. At the end of the trial (35 d), 24 animals (12 from Control groups and 12 from Plant Extract groups) among Restricted feeding piglets were selected according to their body weight and slaughtered; immediately after slaughtering, the gastro-intestinal tract was removed from each animal: the distal ileum was collected and examined to assess the ileum micro-anatomical structure, perform histometry and immunohistochemistry and determine intestinal inflammatory parameters. PE supplementation enhanced ADG during the last week of the trial (P=0.007) and reduced FCR during the second (P=0.009) and the last weeks (P=0.04), and considering the overall period (P=0.01); a lower fecal score was observed in PE piglets (P<0.01). On day 35, lower fecal E.Coli (P=0.02) and Entrobacteriaceae (P=0.009) concentrations were determined in PE animals compared to control ones. Ileum crypts from PE piglets were deeper in challenged animals in comparison with not-challenged ones (P<0.05); number of mucosal macrophages was higher in Control challenged animals (P<0.05): in particular, number of mucosal macrophages in PE challenged piglets was similar to that one identified in not challenged Controls. PE supplementation also increased GSH-Px plasma concentration at d 6 (P=0.02) and tended to lower value of MDA at day 6 (P=0.07) and to increase value of T-AOC at the end of the trial (P=0.07). Hence, our results confirmed the possible protective functional role of the plant extracts mixture after the bacterial challenge: we can postulate that the use of plant extracts may be useful in the prevention of post-weaning diarrhea with an associated improvement in performance.
The aim of the second trial was to evaluate the effect of the administration of mannanooligosaccharides (MOS) on growth performance, microbial population in feces and cecum and potential alteration of intestinal histomorphometric and gene expression of some intestinal inflammatory parameters of piglets fed a low digestible diet. Forty-eight weaned piglets (6.72 ± 0.32 kg of BW, 24 d of age) were used in a 35-d experiment and randomly allotted to 2 dietary treatments: basal diet (Control) and basal diet + 0.2 % MOS. Growth performance were recorded weekly, fecal samples were collected at 0, 14 and 35 d. At the end of trial, 10 piglets from each group were slaughtered and intestinal samples were collected. Data were analysed by a General Linear Model (GLM) procedure of SAS. BW, ADG, ADFI were not influenced by MOS supplementation; FCR was lower in treated animals in the last 2 weeks (P<0.05). Mean fecal score was improved in MOS piglets (P<0.01). At the end of trial treated piglets had higher Lactobacilli fecal count (P<0.05). No difference was detected among groups for Coliforms, while lower Clostridia occurred on day 14 in MOS piglets (P<0.05). Intestinal villi height in the duodenum was higher in MOS than Control (P<0.05). MOS supplementation also led to significant increase of NO production in ileal mucosa (P<0.05); finally, MOS suppressed mRNA relative expression of pro-inflammatory genes for IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6 and TLR2 (P<0.05), for TLR4 (P<0.01) and for TNF (P<0.001), while there was no effect on IL-10 and PPARγ expression. Results indicate that MOS supplementation improved feed efficiency and intestinal morphometry of piglets fed low digestible diet.
The third study was carried out to determine the effects of a probiotic mixture containing two strains of Lactobacillus on growth performance, carcass composition, blood lipids, digestive enzyme activity and intestinal microbiota in broiler chickens. Two dietary treatments, consisting of basal diet (control) and basal diet supplemented with combination of L. farciminis and L. rhamnosus were fed to 392 one day-old Ross 708 broiler chicks for 7 weeks. Each treatment had 28 replicates of 7 broilers.
The results showed that body weight gain was improved in broilers fed probiotics diet compared to controls during 0-42 d (P<0.001) but not 43-49 d of age. Probiotic fed chicks had transitorily higher serum total cholesterol (P=0.02) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P<0.008) at 28 d of age. Serum total protein was higher at 28 d of age (P=0.02) and lower at 49 d of age (P=0.001) in probiotics fed chicks compared to controls. Probiotics tended to increase abdominal fat percentage at 49 d of age (P<0.10). No difference in enzyme activity of small intestine digesta was observed. Dietary probiotics markedly increased Lactobacilli (P=0.01) and total Anaerobes (P≤0.01) counts and decreased Coliform (P=0.01) and total Aerobe counts (P≤0.01) in small intestine and caecum. The overall results demonstrated that dietary inclusion of a mixture of L. farciminis and L. rhamnosus could promote the growth and positively modulate intestinal microbiota in broiler chickens.
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GIORGI, SILVIA. "NUTRITIONAL STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVING THE GUT HEALTH OF MONOGASTRIC ANIMALS". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/858928.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Optimal gastrointestinal functionality and health is essential for sustainable animal production, especially considering that nowadays, the challenge in livestock sector is to maintain a high productivity and food security in a sustainable way, reducing the use of antimicrobials. Nutritional strategies that aim to improve animals’ performance preserving their intestinal health, are essential for achieving these goals. Therefore, in the present thesis, various nutritional interventions were evaluated, using short and medium chain fatty acids in particular, on the growth and intestinal well-being of pigs. The purpose of this thesis was to: 1) evaluate the effects of an innovative form of a medium chain fatty acid, lauric acid saponified with calcium, supplemented in post-weaning piglet diet on their growth and gut health and as a possible alternative to reduce the use of antibiotics; 2) asses the effectiveness of the combination of a short chain fatty acid (tributyrin) and a medium chain fatty acid (monolaurin) in post-weaning piglet diet on their growth performance and some gut health parameters; 3) evaluate the effects of lauric acid saponified with calcium administered to sows diet starting from the last 3 weeks of gestation, on sows productivity and on the growth performance and health of their offspring; 4) to assess the effect of fatty acids and different milk fractions on porcine IPEC-J2 cell line proliferation and viability. The results presented in this thesis highlight how short and medium chain fatty acids are effective candidates for improving animal health, reducing the use of antibiotics. This may contribute to the development of a more sustainable livestock production system based on the respect of animal health and the reduction of antimicrobials, as recommended by the “One Health” approach. However, further investigations are necessary to better understand the mechanisms of action, the dosage and the best forms of administration of short and medium chain fatty acids (alone or synergistically) integrated in pigs’ diets, in particular during weaning, to further improve their growth performance and gut health.
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Golovan, Serguei Petrovich. "Transgenic mice expressing AppA phytase as a model demonstrating reduced pollution in monogastric animals". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2002. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/NQ65822.pdf.
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Comi, M. "THE ROLE OF SOME ADDITIVES IN ENHANCING FEED EFFICIENCY AND HEALTH IN MONOGASTRIC ANIMALS". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/343894.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The global demand for food from animal agriculture is anticipated to nearly double by 2050. The growth in white meat (pork and poultry) production in developing countries between 1989 and 1999 has been remarkable - more than double the growth of red meat (cattle, sheep and goats). Increased production can be achieved by a combination of expansion in animal numbers and increased productivity. Higher productivity is a compound of higher offtake rates (shorter production cycles by, for example, faster fattening), and higher carcass weight or milk or egg yields. The projections show that the increase in livestock numbers will remain significant, but less so than in the past. Higher carcass weights will play a more important role in beef production, while higher offtake rates (shorter production cycles) will be more important in pig and poultry meat production.
In order to increase health and feed efficiency in monogastric animals, four trials were carried out to evaluate the role of some additives used to increase health in post-weaning piglets and in poultry meat production.
The aim of first study was to evaluate the effects of nucleotides administration to post-weaning piglets on ileal proinflammatory interleukin gene expression. Thirty-six weanling piglets (28 d of age, 7.85 ± 0.25 kg L.W.) were used in 28 days study. Piglets were allotted to 2 homogeneous groups (C, T) and fed the basal diet supplemented with oral nucleotides (UMP 88.05%, GMP 5.51%, AMP 3.82%, CMP 1.94% and IMP 0.68%; 0.8 g/piglet/day in 2.1 ml water solution) or saline. On day 14 both experimental groups were challenged with 1x109 CFU/g E. coli 0149:F4(K88). Growth performance and faecal score were evaluated weekly, while blood samples for immunological serum parameters, Fe and Vitamin B12 serum content were collected on days 0, 13, 18 and 26. Proinflammatory IL1a, IL1b, IL6, IL10, and TNF, TLR2 and TLR4 gene expression in ileal Peyer patches were evaluated at slaughtering after individual tissue sample collection by RT-PCR and β-actin as housekeeping gene. Growth performances were not affected by dietary treatment, while faecal score was ameliorated in T piglets after one week on trial (P< 0.05). Haptoglobin serum content was decreased in treated pigs (P<0.01). Dietary treatment did not affect serum Fe content, while vitamin B12 level was higher in nucleotide-fed animals (P< 0.05). At slaughtering IL6, IL10, TNF, TLR2 and TLR4 gene expression were decreased in nucleotide-fed pigs (P< 0.01). By these findings, dietary nucleotides supplementation in post-weaning piglets can positively affect gut health status, ameliorating inflammatory response and digestibility of nutrients in microbial stress conditions.
Second study was carried out with the aim to investigate the antimicrobial potential of a polyphenol-rich olive extract in vitro and its effects on growth performance, caecum microbial population, slaughtering performance and meat quality. In vitro antimicrobial trials were performed on test cultures (E. coli ATCC 25922, L. monocytogenes ATCC 7644, S. Enteritidis ATCC 12592 and S. aureus ATCC 6833); the growth was assessed every 12 h for 48 h as optical density of broth cultures added with different concentrations of the product (0.1/0.5/1/5%) incubated at 20°C; an evident inhibition was observed with the increasing of the product concentration and a total inhibition was observed with the highest one. Considering these results, an in vivo trial was performed. A total of 720 female ROSS308 broiler chicks with day-old were allocated into 4 treatments with different dietary treatments (basal diet supplemented without (CTR) or with vitamin E (T1, 200 I.U. /kg for each dietary phase) or with Polyphenols olive extract (T2, 1g/kg and T3, 5 g/kg respectively in each dietary phase). Each group consisted of 9 pens with 20 birds per pen. Growth performances were determined at days 0, 10, 20 and 35. At day 35, two birds of each pen were chosen on average pen weight basis and slaughtered: from one was collected the cecum for microbial analyses and for the determination of the dressing and breast muscle percentages and the other one was collected for the measurements of pH, TBARS content and color at day 0 and after 9 days, mimicking the commercial preservation after slaughter.
Supplementation with polyphenols olive extract showed only a tendency in Feed Conversion Ratio, in particular in the three phase of administration and in overall performance period (0-35 d) of animals (respectively P=0.09 and P=0.07) and T2 result lower compared to control group. No other evidence was observed in growth performances measured included carcass measures on dressing and breast muscle percentage. In addition, no differences were observed in cecum microbial population and gut health indexes. TBARS showed a statistical tendency (P=0.075), T1 resulted with lower oxidation if compared to all other groups (P<0.05); pH value and color of breast, skin and thigh, expressed with L*, a* and b*, did not explain any statistically difference. In conclusion in addition to promising in vitro data obtained, it would be interesting to evaluate the potential of the administration of this type of polyphenols in animals subjected to the stress of intensive livestock production, where more interesting results due to potential expressed with antimicrobial and antioxidant activity could be obtained.
Third and fourth trials were carried out to evaluate different effects of a novel synthetic emulsifier.
First step, the third trial, consist in two experiments conducted to evaluate the effects of a novel synthetic emulsifier product (AVI-MUL TOP) on the growth performance of chickens for fattening and weaned piglets. The emulsifier product consists of 50% vegetal bi-distillated oleic acid emulsified with 50% glyceryl polyethyleneglycol ricinoleate. In Exp. 1, four hundred and eighty 1-d-old female Cobb500 chickens for fattening were assigned to two treatments: 1) a control diet (CTR); and 2) the control diet + the emulsifier (AMT, 1 g/kg from day 0 to day 10, 0.75 g/kg from day 10 to day 20 and 0.5 g/kg from day 20 to day 34). AMT supplementation increased body weight on days 20 and 34 (P < 0.01). Dietary AMT increased the average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) from day 10 to day 20, from day 20 to day 34 and from day 0 to 34 (P < 0.01). A reduced feed conversion ratio was observed in the AMT group from day 10 to day 20 (P < 0.01). In Exp. 2, ninety-six Stambo HBI × Dalland piglets were weaned at 24 days and assigned to 2 treatments (the basal diet without the product (CTR) or with 2 g/kg emulsifier from day 0 to day 14 and 1.5 g/kg from day 14 to day 42 (AMT)). There was an increase in the ADFI associated with AMT supplementation from day 14 to day 42 (P = 0.04). These results indicated that supplementation with the synthetic emulsifier may significantly improve the growth performance of chickens for fattening and numerically improve that of weaned piglets.
Second step consist in to investigate the influence of a novel synthetic emulsifier product (AVI-MUL TOP) on growth performance, plasma lipid profile and hepatic expression of related genes in female and male broiler chicks. A total of 1200 ROSS308 broiler chicks with day-old were allocated into 4 treatments with a 2 × 2 factorial design comparing sex (female or male) and different dietary treatments (basal diet supplemented without (CTR) or with the emulsifier (AMT, 1 g/kg from d 0 to 12, 0.75 g/kg from d 12 to 22 and 0.5 g/kg from d 22 to 44, respectively)). Each group consisted of 15 pens, 20 birds per pen. Growth performance was determined at days 0, 12, 22 and 44 (37 for females). At day 44 (37 for females), one bird of each pen was chosen and slaughtered to collect blood and livers samples and determine the dressing and breast muscle percentages. Males had higher BW than female chicks on days 0 (P = 0.014), 12 (P < 0.01) and 22 (P < 0.01). Compared to females, male chicks had higher ADG and ADFI from day 0 to 12 and from day 12 to 22 (P < 0.01), and lower FCR from day 12 to 22 (P < 0.01). AMT supplementation increased the BW compared to the CTR group on days 12 (P = 0.02), and AMT chicks had higher ADG compared to the CTR birds from day 0 to 12 (P = 0.02). AMT male chicks had lower FCR compared to the CTR males from day 22 to 44 and day 0 to 44 (P = 0.047 and 0.02). However, there was no diet effect on growth performance of female chicks during the trial. AMT supplementation increased dressing percentage compared to the CTR group (P = 0.02). In addition, dietary AMT increased cholesterol, HDL and LDL contents compared to the CTR group (P < 0.01; P = 0.02; P < 0.01). In conclusion, supplementation of AMT may have beneficial effect on growth performance and plasma lipid profile of broiler chicks.
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Khieu, Borin. "Cassava foliage for monogastric animals : forage yield, digestion, influence on gut development and nutritive value /". SLU, Uppsala : Dept. of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2005. http://epsilon.slu.se/200582.pdf.
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Mann, Jasminder Jason. "The enzymatic in vitro evaluation of protein sources for monogastric animals using the pH-stat method". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28021.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Three experiments were conducted to study the sensitivity of the pH-stat (in vitro) method in the prediction of true digestibility (TD), as measured by amount of base added, of plant proteins, either alone or in the presence of specific additives (nitrogen-free mixture, vitamin mixture and/or mineral mixture) as part of a complete diet of plant proteins that had been subjected to various levels and forms of heating. The in vitro TD values were then compared with TD values obtained in. vivo (Wistar rats).
In experiment 1, the effect of temperature (dry-heating at 80, 100, 120, 150, 180 and 240° C or autoclaving at 121° C) and time (30, 60, 120 and 240 minutes) of heat application on in vitro base consumption (BC) was measured in 3 grains (wheat, barley and sorghum) and whole defatted soybeans. The largest increase in BC measured by the pH-stat method was that of soybeans in response to 30 minutes of autoclaving. Dry heating had various effects on the BC by soybeans, depending upon temperature and time of application, but none of the treatments was as beneficial as autoclaving. Mild, dry-heating of grains at 80-120° C improved BC slightly. The improvement was most marked for wheat. Both dry-heating of grain at temperatures above 120° C and autoclaving reduced the BC significantly for all durations. In experiment 2, the effect of inclusion of non-protein dietary components (minerals, vitamins and a nitrogen-free mixture, singly and in combination) on in. vitro BC measured by the pH-stat method of wheat and fat-extracted soybeans (both proteins in the raw and autoclaved forms) was monitored. For the wheat treatments, the inclusion of a mineral mixture significantly (p<0.001>) increased digestibility. This effect was greatest with autoclaved wheat. It was concluded that, in general, the presence of minerals increased the rate of hydrolysis. With raw soybeans, the distinction between treatments was less well-defined. The treatments containing vitamin or nitrogen-free and mineral combination mixtures were digested to a significantly greater extent than the raw soybeans alone. With autoclaved soybeans, additives had no effect. This lack of response to additives may have been due to the rather large amount of base required by the autoclaved soybean protein alone.
In experiment 3, a series of rat-feeding trials were conducted in conjunction with in. vitro digestions. Diets were fed to groups of Wistar rats to determine TD, Biological Value (BV), and Net Protein Utilization (NPU) in vivo. Although BV was measured it was not relevant for this work. Concurrently, the same diets were tested for in. vitro TD by the pH-stat method. Specific regression equations were developed for each protein-type tested, after it was determined that a much lower correlation coefficient was obtained when one general equation was utilized. The newly-developed equations followed the format y = a + bx, where y = TD (as a part of one), a = the y-intercept, b = slope of the function and x = ml 0.10N NaOH added during the 10-minute digestion. Regression equations, correlation coefficients (r) and standard errors for each regression (s) between in. vitro and in vivo true digestibility of proteins were as follows;
Soybean, soybean (autoclaved), soybean/wheat combinations
(n = 6)
r = 0.93 TD = 0.7868 + 0.2175x
s = 0.018
Sorghum (raw, autoclaved, 90° C, 120° C, 180° C dry-heated,
steamed)
(n = 6)
r = 0.92 TD = 0.4575 + 1.8841x
a = 0.058
Alfalfa pellets/hay in combination with either wheat or barley (n = 13)
r = 0.91 TD = 0.3446 + 1.0356x
s = 0.046Alfalfa hay and barley combinations (n = 5)
r = 0.96 TD = 0.2360 + 1.3194x
s = 0.048
Grains (19 barleys, 10 triticales, 6 sorghums, and 2 wheats) (n = 37)
r = 0.74 TD = 0.7419 + 0.4759x
s = 0.044
In general, it can be stated that the pH-stat method is a useful method for screening proteins for the effect of various treatments on digestibility. Damage due to abnormally severe processing conditions (i.e. heating) is readily detected by the pH-stat technique as indicated by a decrease in the amount of base consumed during enzymatic hydrolysis.Land and Food Systems, Faculty of
Graduate
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de, Oliveira Jose T. A. "Seed lectins : the effects of dietary Phaseolus vulgaris lectins on the general metabolism of monogastric animals". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1986. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU367276.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Rats, mice, pigs, quails, chickens, steers and even some insects are unable to grow properly and in some cases die when fed on diets containing raw kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). Although this problem has been extensively studied the precise mechanism of the interference of dietary antinutritional factors with the growth and health of these animals or insects is still not completely understood. In the present work, the toxic effects of the purified kidney bean globulin lectins upon the general metabolism of the rats were studied. The results of the experiments indicated that both qualitatively and quantitatively most of the deleterious effects of raw kidney bean feeding to rats could be accounted for by the inclusion of the pure lectin into nutritionally adequate semi-synthetic diets based on high-quality proteins such as egg albumin. These effects included: (a) a drastic depletion of storage lipid and glycogen and loss of body protein. (The rate of the catabolism of lipids was considerably higher than that of any other body constituent.); (b) a large loss of skeletal muscle (indicated by the change of muscle mass and atrophy of gastrocnemius and plantaris muscles); (c) enlargement of the small intestine, liver and pancreas and involution of the thymus; (d) increased excretion of faecal and urinary nitrogen with a consequently poor nitrogen retention; (e) increased 3-hydroxybutyrate output, and (f) changes in blood concentrations of pancreatic hormones. The magnitude of most of these effects was dependent upon the dietary concentrations of kidney bean globulin lectins (PHA). Thus the extent of the depletion of body lipid and glycogen, loss of muscle, enlargement of the small intestine, liver and pancreas, the extent of the thymus atrophy as well as the increased faecal and urinary nitrogen and increased urinary 3-hydroxybutyrate outputs were shown to be directly correlated with the dietary PHA concentration. In contrast to the deleterious effects of fully active, native PHA, the aggregated lectin preparation (UPHA) did not cause any significant antinutritional effects. The overall results indicated that raw kidney bean is toxic mainly because of its lectin constituent and that local (gut) and systemic adverse reactions caused by PHA account for most of the deleterious effects of this potentially important source of dietary protein for animals and humans.
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Rahman, Mohammed Habibur. "Chemical and nutritional evaluation of Lupinus angustifolius L. (sweet lupin) seed proteins and its fractions on general metabolism of monogastric animals". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1993. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU539954.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The use of lupin seed, although a rich source of proteins, has been limited by the presence of toxic alkaloids. Recently a sweet, non toxic variety (it Lupinus angustifolius L.) has been developed in Western Australia, and reported to be safe for human consumption. However growth depression and low net protein utilisation (NPU) values in weanling rats fed raw L. angustifolius seeds have been reported in the literature. Thus seeds were analysed, and experiments were carried out with rats to evaluate NPU values and growth. Results indicated that L. angustifolius contains a far less reactive lectin than kidney bean, but that food intake and growth were depressed, due in part to essential amino acids (EAA) deficiencies. Supplementation with EAA improved growth, nitrogen retention and protein utilisation. However, when compared with that of the net protein utilisation values from rats fed on lactalbumin, the raw lupin seed meal was still found to be inferior, even when supplemented with EAA. Seed meal was fractionated into six components by sequential extraction with cold water, McIlvaine's buffer at pH 7.0, and dialysis of the supernatant. Analyses were carried out on lupin seed meal and fractions for carbohydrates, amino acids, oligosaccharides, minerals, phytates and run on SDS/PAGE to ensure consistency in fractions pooled for nitrogen balance experiments. It was revealed that a protein fraction resembling the gamma-conglutin, the simplest of the three globulins from the seeds of L.angustifolius, was extracted in almost pure form. A series of experiments was carried out to study the biological effects of all six fractions in growing rats. Results showed that seed meal and its fractions are unique in causing deleterious effects on liver, kidneys, spleen, thymus, heart, adrenal, stomach, caecum and colon but had no effects on pancreas.
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Santora, Luiz G. "Nutritional utilization by monogastric animals of Glycoprotein II (Phaseolin), the major 7S protein from kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) : in vivo and in vitro degradation of Glycoprotein II by rat intestinal proteases". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.292368.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Native Glycoprotein II (Phaseolin, G-II), the major 7S storage protein from Phaseolus vulgaris seeds, var. 'Processor' is known to be resistant to in vitro proteolysis by most endopeptidases. On sequential treatments with pepsin and a mixture of trypsin and chymotrypsin, the sub-unit polypeptides of G-II were split midchain. The fragments produced however, retained reactivity with the antibody raised against native G-II quantitatively. When measured by rocket immunoelectrophoresis, the extent of in vitro degradation of G-II by these endopeptidases was negligible. This procedure was used for monitoring the in vivo or in vitro degradation of G-II by gut enzymes other than trypsin or chymotrypsin. Diets containing 10% of a highly purified G-II preparation, did not support growth of rats adequately. Faecal N outputs were elevated and the true N digestibility based on Kjeldhal estimation was only 37%. In contrast, the true GII-N digestibility, based on immunological estimations, was high. It is suggested that G-II and/or its limited breakdown fragments (by trypsin or chymotrypsin) are stimulants of endogenous N secretion in the small intestine. The higher extent of the degradation of G-II in the small intestine of rats in vivo than that obtained by pure endopeptidases in vitro suggested the presence in this tissue of other enzymes capable to act upon and modify the structure of G-II, prior to the action of trypsin and chymotrypsin. These other modifying proteolytic enzymes render the G-II molecule more negatively charged and more susceptible to the subsequent action of trypsin and chymotrypsin. It is suggested that protease content and the ratio of the concentration of the GII-modifying protease(s) to that of trypsin and chymotrypsin may vary appreciably along the small intestine. Accordingly, the dependence of the degradation of G-II in vivo on the competition between all the enzymes capable of attacking it during its passage through the gut may explain the variability of GII breakdown in vivo.
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Reid, Carol-Ann. "Fermentation of resistant starch : implications for colonic health in the monogastric animal". Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10059/2193.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Retrograded starches are commonly found in foods due to the production and/or processing conditions they have received prior to consumption. These resistant starches escape digestion in the small intestine and are fermented in the colon by the microflora present, to produce gases and SCFA in varying amounts. These are utilised by the host animal as an energy source, with a low gut pH being maintained by the production of SCFA. The fermentation of carbohydrates within the colon is beneficial to the health of the gut, as the beneficial bacterial species such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium spp. are maintained, and a low pH reduces the activity of potentially harmful species such as the coliforms. The production of toxic metabolites from the breakdown of proteins will be reduced if these resistant starches persist further along the colon as a carbohydrate source. This is particularly important in the distal region of the colon, where the carbohydrate source usually becomes limited. The fermentation of both native and retrograded starches from various botanical sources containing varying amounts of the major components amylose and amylopectin, was examined. In particular, the effects on bacterial fermentation of variations in the ratios of amylose and amylopectin in starch, and of treatments such as retrogradation and/or pancreatin digestion was examined.
Libri sul tema "Monogastric animals"
1
Jansman, A. J. M. Tannins in faba beans (Vicia faba L.): Antinutritional properties in monogastric animals. Netherlands?: [s.n.], 1993.
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2
Bjorkman, Camilla. Methodological and biochemical aspects of acetylcholinesterase and acetate in blood from cattle , and acetyl-CoA synthesizing enzymes in spinal cord from ruminants and monogastric animals. Uppsala: Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitet, 1989.
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3
Ajuyah, Asifo O. The monogastric livestock industry in the South Pacific region: Status, production systems, and constraints. Apia, Western Samoa]: USP School of Agriculture, Alafua Campus, 2001.
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4
Weerd, Van. Nutrition and Digestive Physiology in Monogastric Farm Animals. Center Agricultural Pub & Document, 1989.
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5
Kim, Sung Woo, e Rajesh Jha, a cura di. Nutritional Intervention for the Intestinal Health of Young Monogastric Animals. Frontiers Media SA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/978-2-88966-730-7.
Testo completo
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Nutrition and digestive physiology in monogastric farm animals: Reviews presented at the symposium on the occasion of the retirement of Dr. Ir. E.J. van Weerden, Wageningen, Netherlands, 26 May 1989. Wageningen: Pudoc, 1989.
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Suber, Robert. Comparison of the Pharmacokinetics and Toxicity of Sulfisoxazole in Humans and Two Monogastric Animal Species. Dissertation Discovery Company, 2019.
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Suber, Robert. Comparison of the Pharmacokinetics and Toxicity of Sulfisoxazole in Humans and Two Monogastric Animal Species. Dissertation Discovery Company, 2019.
Cerca il testo completoCapitoli di libri sul tema "Monogastric animals"
1
Savvidou, Soumela, George K. Symeon e Vassilios Dotas. "Probiotics as Feed Additives in Monogastric Animals". In Sustainable Use of Feed Additives in Livestock, 775–98. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-42855-5_26.
Testo completo
2
Kebreab, E., A. B. Strathe, C. M. Nyachoti, J. Dijkstra, S. López e J. France. "Modelling the profile of growth in monogastric animals". In Modelling nutrient digestion and utilisation in farm animals, 386–93. Wageningen: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-712-7_42.
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3
Dal Pont, Gabriela C., Cinthia Eyng, Cristiano Bortoluzzi e Michael H. Kogut. "Enzymes and Gut Health in Monogastric Animals: Effects Beyond Digestibility". In Gut Microbiota, Immunity, and Health in Production Animals, 33–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90303-9_3.
Testo completo
4
Tannock, Gerald W. "Microbiota of Mucosal Surfaces in the Gut of Monogastric Animals". In Colonization of Mucosal Surfaces, 161–78. Washington, DC, USA: ASM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555817619.ch12.
Testo completo
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Alassane-Kpembi, I., e I. P. Oswald. "Chapter 7: Effect of feed contaminants on intestinal health of monogastric farm animals". In Intestinal health, 169–90. The Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-792-9_7.
Testo completo
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Cardoso, V., T. Ribeiro, V. Fernandes, C. Guerreiro, M. Centeno, V. Pires, P. Ponte et al. "Exogenous Enzymes Improve the Nutritive Value of Cereal-Based Diets for Monogastric Animals Through Different Mechanisms". In Advances in Animal Health, Medicine and Production, 108–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61981-7_6.
Testo completo
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Lallés, J. P., e I. P. Oswald. "Chapter 8: Techniques for investigating gut function in vivo, ex vivo and in vitro in monogastric farm animals". In Intestinal health, 191–218. The Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-792-9_8.
Testo completo
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Patience, John F., Qing-yun Li e Amy L. Petry. "Xylanases and cellulases: relevance in monogastric nutrition - pigs." In Enzymes in farm animal nutrition, 33–51. 3a ed. Wallingford: CABI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789241563.0003.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract This chapter describes the production, chemistry, structure, activity and beneficial effects of xylanases and cellulases on the physiology, immunology, digestibility, growth, health and livability of pigs.
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Kebreab, E., A. B. Strathe, C. M. Nyachoti, J. Dijkstra, S. López e J. France. "Modelling the profile of growth in monogastric animals". In Modelling nutrient digestion and utilisation in farm animals, 386–93. Brill | Wageningen Academic, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/9789086867127_043.
Testo completo
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Baldwin, B. A. "CCK as a putative satiety factor in farm animals". In Multiple Cholecystokinin Receptors in the CNS, 206–21. Oxford University PressOxford, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198577560.003.0019.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract In addition to the very extensive work using rats as experimental animals (see Chapter 17 of this volume), the function of CCK as a putative satiety factor has been studied in three farm animals - sheep, pigs, and chickens. From a comparative mammalian viewpoint the choice of sheep and pigs is fortunate, since the sheep is a typical ruminant with a complex digestive system and, under natural conditions, a grazing mode of nutrition, while the pig is a representative omnivore with a monogastric digestive system. Pigs, particularly the miniature breeds, are increasingly being used as experimental animals in biomedical research (Pond and Houpt 1978; Tumbleson 1986). The role of neuropeptides in the regulation of food intake is well established (Baldwin 1988), and in this chapter the evidence for CCK as a putative satiety factor in pigs, sheep, and chickens will be examined.
Atti di convegni sul tema "Monogastric animals"
1
Hotea, Ionela, Catalin Sirbu, Anamaria Plotuna, Emil Tirziu e Isidora Radulov. "ASSESSMENT OF CHEMICAL AND NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF RAPESEED MEAL INTENDED FOR MONOGASTRIC LIVESTOCK FEEDING". In 23rd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2023. STEF92 Technology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2023v/6.2/s25.05.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Rapeseed meal is a valuable source of protein for animals feeding. It can be used as an alternative to soybean meal in the mixtures of combined feeds intended for farm animals. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the chemical and nutritional composition of the rapeseed meal intended for use in the feeding of monogastric livestock. 70 samples of rapeseed meal arrived at the Laboratory of Chemical Analyses for Animal Nutrition, were analysed. The following values were obtained for the main nutritional compounds: crude protein (CP) � 37.95%, with variations between 35.26 and 41.67%; ether extract (EE) � 1.84%, with values between 1.55 � 2.06%; crude fiber (CF) � 11.93%, with variations between 9.85 � 14.93%; and nitrogen-free extracts (NfE) � 41.07%, varying significantly between 35.75 � 45.82%. In order to evaluate the nutritional value of rapeseed meal, the digestible forms of nutrients and the value of metabolizable energy (ME) for pigs and poultry were calculated, using predictive formulas. The average ME value for pigs was 1278.57 kcal/kg, varying between 1145.63 - 1398.27 kcal/kg, and for poultry the ME value was 935.06 kcal/kg, being between 837.90 - 1022.55 kcal/kg. These data underline the importance of the chemical and nutritional evaluation of feed ingredients before they are included in the diets of farm animals in order to have the certainty of correctly calculated rations and to ensure the amounts of nutrients in accordance with their feeding norms, in order to maximize animal production.
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Nguyen, Henry, Ali Md Alikat, Dongho Lee e Haiying Shi. "Developing High Yielding Soybean Varieties with Desirable Carbohydrate Fraction for Enhancing Nutrition". In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/equd9211.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Soybean is the major seed oil and protein crop in the global market. The majority of soybean protein meal in the U.S. is used for feeding poultry and pigs. Raffinose family of oligosaccharides (RFOs) in soybean meal reduce feeding efficiency due to their anti-digestibility in monogastric animals. Current commodity soybeans do not have desirable carbohydrate fraction; thus, the development of new and improved varieties with reduced RFOs and increased sucrose is of great interest and adds value to the swine, poultry, and aquaculture industries. This presentation will summarize current progress in soybean breeding and the discovery of novel genetic resources which provide a great opportunity for improving the carbohydrate composition of US soybeans in all major maturity groups.
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Mohammad HUSSEIN, Diyar, Khalid Hadi KADHIM e Shaima Khazaal WAAD. "REVIEW OF THE ANATOMICAL STRUCTURES AND ROLES OF THE BIRD’S DIGESTIVE SYSTEM". In VII. INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONGRESSOF PURE,APPLIEDANDTECHNOLOGICAL SCIENCES. Rimar Academy, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/minarcongress7-11.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The goal this reviews was to determined the influence of the diet on digestive system in the birds and roles of digestive tract. Birds have a very complex digestive system, which is thought to have a significant impact on how well they utilize the nutrition that they consume. It is expected that the stomach, intestines, cecum, proventriculus, and gizzard of herbivorous birds will be larger than those of carnivorous birds, whereas herbivorous birds tend to have longer, more complex digestive tracts. This may be due to herbivorous require high time and energy to the breakdown of cellulose. Their digestive processes were described for birds with different diets.. The proventriculus' size impacted by the diet, not the intestines, gizzard, or cecum. Insectivores had the largest proventriculi, whereas herbivores had the smallest, and omnivores had a proventriculus of a medium size. The function of the avian digestive organs in regulating the gut bacteria, fermenting unabsorbed nutrients, recycling nitrogen from urine, and maintaining gut health. Through aiding food uptake, and interactions with the immune system, gastrointestinal microbiota play a crucial role in maintaining organism health. Only tiny and/or soluble particles, along with digestive juices and urine, will reflux into the caeca due to anatomical and physiological adaptations. Salts and water will be reabsorbed here, and the rich bacteria will ferment uric acid and carbohydrates into ammonia and volatile fatty acids. The caeca may thereby affect the bird's nutritional health. Starch and proteins can be consumed, stored, and partially digested in the early section of the avian digestive system. With the exception of the absence of lacteals, the avian gut has a comparable anatomy to other monogastric animals. The microvilli in the avian intestine are covered by a noticeable glycocalyx. The mammalian liver's actual lobular structure is absent from the avian liver. Around the bile caniculi, hepatocytes are organized in plates two layers thick of cells. Acinar cells, that produce digesting enzymes to the pancreatic ducts, endocrine cells, that secrete hormones to the bloodstream, are found in the two main lobes and two smaller lobes of the avian pancreatic structure. The colon structure is similar to that of intestine except the poor enervation.
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Hu, Bo, David Marks e Xiao Sun. "Fungal bioprocessing to improve quality of pennycress meal as potential feeding ingredient for monogastric animal". In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/izob6294.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Pennycress is an annual cover crop in temperate North America and its seeds contain around 30% of oil and 20% of crude protein. Pennycress oil can be used for biodiesel production, while the seed meal has limited use in animal feed due to its relative high content of phenolic compounds and crude fiber. The nutritional value of pennycress meal (PM) can be improved by processing with GRAS fungal strains. In this study, three fungal strains, Rhizopus oryzae (RO), Mucor indicus (MI), and Aspergillus oryzae (AO), were used to ferment PM that contains 21% of total amino acids and 17% of structure carbohydrates. The fermentation was performed by inoculating each strain to the sterilized PM with initial moisture of 60% and incubated statically at 28 °C for 6 days. Amino acids profile, structure carbohydrates, soluble sugar, phytate, and mycotoxins including total aflatoxins, zearalenone (ZEN), and deoxynivalenol (DON) were monitored on the samples after fermentation. As compared to control without fermentation, the total amino acids were improved by 4.0% with RO and 5.9% with AO. Threonine, arginine, alanine, and lysine were significantly enriched in RO and AO treated meal. RO and MI degraded the fiber component into cellobiose, which was increased by 3 and 5.8-fold, respectively. Phytate was reduced by 46.6% with RO, 37.3% with AO, and 33.3% with MI. Compared with the control, ZEN was reduced by 39.3%, 32%, and 50% in AO, MI and RO treated meal, respectively. Total aflatoxin content was low in PM, and MI and RO treatments further reduced its content after fermentation. No significant change of DON was observed in the PM fermented by each strain. This study demonstrated the potential of using fungi to improve the feeding value of PM, which could potentially promote the plantation of oilseed crops in the region.