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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Modules d'élasticité"
Chakroun, Moez, Med Hédi Ben Ghozlen, Imed Elloumi e S. Nicolle. "Détermination du module d'élasticité de la matière cérébrale". Comptes Rendus Physique 10, n. 2-3 (marzo 2009): 236–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crhy.2009.03.010.
Testo completoKokutse, Adzo Dzifa, Kossi Adjonou, Kouami Kokou e Messanvi Gbeassor. "Problématique de la performance du teck de provenance tanzanienne par rapport au teck local en plantation au Togo". BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 302, n. 302 (1 dicembre 2009): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2009.302.a20399.
Testo completoMarchal, Michèle, e Dominique Jacques. "Évaluation de deux méthodes acoustiques de détermination du module d'élasticité de bois de mélèze hybride jeune (Larix × eurolepis Henry) - comparaison avec une méthode normalisée en flexion statique". ANNALS OF FOREST SCIENCE 56, n. 4 (1999): 333–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/forest:19990407.
Testo completoMasmoudi, Mounira, Mohamed-Rissel Khelifa, Ousmane Hisseine, Slimane MS Metiche e Radhouane Masmoudi. "Propriétés physico-chimiques et performances mécaniques de bétons renforcés par des fibres végétales". Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 6 maggio 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2023-0418.
Testo completoTesi sul tema "Modules d'élasticité"
Blanc, Gaël. "Développement de nouveaux composites cimentaires à bas module d'élasticité : propriétés mécaniques et durabilité vis-à-vis des sollicitations environnementales". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30038/document.
Testo completoThis CIFRE PhD-thesis carried out within the framework of Convention Industrielle de Formation par la REcherche (CIFRE) with the company MENARD, focuses on the durability of a specific soil-reinforcement system called Controlled Modulus Columns (CMC) which consists in a network of semi-rigid vertical inclusions cast into the ground in order to enhance its global characteristics before building. This study comes after the PhD work conducted by François Duplan (2011-2014) on the design of new cementitious composites intended for the CMC application and incorporating innovative aggregates like expanded clay grains or rubber aggregates obtained by grinding end-of-life tyres. The effects of addition of such aggregates into the composites have been studied both at fresh and hardened states and complete Duplan previous findings in particular with regards durability indicators (gas permeability, chloride diffusion) and mechanical long-term behaviour (creep and shrinkage). Three potential degradation mechanisms have been selected for the CMC system after an environmental analysis: acid attack, external sulphate attack and salt crystallisation. Laboratory accelerated tests highlighted that CEM III/C cement, actually used by MENARD, is suitable in most of the cases. The low C3A content of this binder reduces the production of expansive products in the case of external sulphate attack and its limited clinker hydrates proportions (in particular in portlandite), along with the low C/S ratio of the C-S-H enhance the resistance to acid attack. Salt crystallisation through capillary rise primarily depends on the porous network characteristics and less on the cement ones, meaning that CEM III/C cement is less relevant in that specific case. Based on the tested degradation mechanisms, incorporating rubber aggregates or expended clay ones into the cementitious composites does not significantly affect their durability. Most of the application degradation phenomenon being linked to the ingress of aggressive agents into the composites; the prediction of their diffusive properties is crucial to assess the risks involved for the application. A new predictive model is proposed with a dual homogenisation process: the first one at the cement paste level and the second one on the mortar level. Predicted results are in agreement with ones from experimental tests with a relative error less than 15%. Diffusion coefficient estimates are globally better for composites that contain expended clay aggregates than those incorporating rubber aggregates due to spherical shape of the first in accordance with the model hypotheses
Duplan, François. "Composites cimentaires à module d'élasticité contrôlé : conception, caractérisation et modélisation micromécanique". Toulouse 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOU30031.
Testo completoThis PhD was realized thanks to a CIFRE partnership between the company Menard and the university of Toulouse. The purpose of this PhD was to develop and study new cement-based materials destined for the CMC (controlled modulus columns) technique. This technique belongs to a wider family of ground improvement processes called rigid (or semi-rigid) inclusions, which are soil-stiffening techniques. Those cement-based materials shall respect the company specifications regarding fresh and hardened state properties. The first goal was to design mixtures compositions which properties at fresh and hardened state respect the company specifications and are optimized for the application which they are destined for. A specific attention was given to the rigidity of the material, and its brittleness when it is reinforced by fibers. Mortars incorporating expanded clay aggregates, rubber aggregates and metallic fibers were developed. The second goal was to study the efficiency of regulatory building codes formulas with the developed mortars, since most of the developed mortars do not meet with the application scopes of the building codes. A few formulas turned out to be as efficient with the developed mortars as with regular structural concrete, while others turned out to be imprecise and unfavourable to security. The third goal was to predict the elastic properties of the linear elastic properties of the developed mortars thanks to a micromechanical model adapted to the specific needs of those specific materials. This model shall replace the empirical formulas advantageously for predicting the modulus of elasticity of the developed cement-based composites
Despres, Clément. "Caractérisation des propriétés mécaniques de matériaux composites par ondes ultrasonores guidées sans contact et avec accès unilatéral". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0339.
Testo completoThis thesis project is motivated by a strong industrial demand for a non-destructive, contact-less process, with single-sided access to samples and relatively easy to implement, to quantify elastic moduli and thickness of materials, particularly of composites (fibrous materials, bonded assemblies). The work carried out led to the design and development of a pair of air-coupled ultrasonic transducers, dedicated to the simultaneous generation and detection of guided waves along composite plates. The dependence of the wavenumber of guided modes on the elastic moduli of the material constituting all or part of the guide, as well as on its thickness, was first studied using a model that predicts the sensitivity of Lamb wave mode wavenumbers to the material's properties. This allowed for the identification of the target modes that carry the most information about the desired properties, i.e., stiffness and/or thickness, with the density being systematically assumed to be known in the chosen approach. This knowledge, combined with a series of numerical simulations mimicking the experimental process, served as a basis for designing the most suitable ultrasonic transducers for the generation and detection of the relevant modes. More specifically, the optimal shape, size, and angular aperture of the transducers were thus defined. The transducers were then manufactured and characterized (measuring their frequency bandwidth and angular spectrum). Their first use involved simultaneously generating and detecting five Lamb modes along a Plexiglas plate (isotropic with known properties). The measured ultrasonic signals were processed to extract the wavenumbers of the propagated modes within a frequency range of a few hundred kHz. These experimental data were then used to solve an inverse problem aimed at determining the elastic moduli and thickness of the plate. Several optimization algorithms were tested, and the most efficient one (fast and robust with respect to the initial values chosen) was selected. The stiffness moduli and thickness of the Plexiglas plate were successfully recovered. Next, the process was tested for two composite assemblies: a stratified plate made up of unidirectional carbon epoxy and an aluminum/adhesive/aluminum tri-layer assembly. In the first case, six elastic moduli were evaluated from measurements of three or four Lamb modes propagating along two directions. For the second assembly, the Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio as well as the thickness of the adhesive were estimated, assuming the characteristics of both aluminum substrates were known. All the optimized values have been validated by characterization made with existing, robust processes, but operating in immersion and requiring through-transmission
Robert, Benjamin. "Etude des propriétés viscoélastiques des tissus mous par Elastrographie IRM : une approche multi-échelle". Paris 7, 2009. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00556732.
Testo completoUltrasound and MRI elastography has developped rapidly these past days in order to estimate the viscoelastic properties of soft tissues. This new diagnostic tool is particularly adapted to characterize pathologies such as breast carcinoma because of its higher elasticity than the surrounding tissue. In the first part of the manuscript, viscoelastic media are presented in order to describe their mechanical behaviors while an elastic wave is generated. Several rheological models are introduced and analyzed to find the more adapted description of the mechanical properties of soft tissues estimated out of MR-Elastography acquisitions. The second part presents the different techniques of ultrasound elastography and the basis of the Magnetic Resonance Imaging in order to better understand the objectives of MR-Elastography. Two MR-Elastography sequences are theoretically and experimentally analyzed in order to optimize the quality of mechanical properties estimation. The third part enlightens the difficulties to adapt current MR-Elastography sequences to short T2* tissues such as the carotid or the heart. Thus, a new sequence is introduced: the DENSE-MRE sequence. This new MRI sequence is theoretically and experimentally compared to conventional MR-Elastography sequences. And this new sequence is is used in vivo to estimate elastograms of heart during the heart cycle
Mbessa, Michel. "Rôle des ultrafines dans les bétons industriels a hautes performances". Lyon, INSA, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ISAL0057.
Testo completoThis research deals with the design and the characterization of a high performance concrete (HPC) from locally available resources. A characteristic compressive strength of 100 MPa is the main requirement. The design of concrete was mainly focused on two points: are the ultrafine materials necessary and which superplasticizer has to be used? The investigations done (laser grain size distribution, workability test, shrinkage test, Differential Thermal Analysis (DT A), water permeability) have allowed to show that the HPC properties depend primarily on the physicochernical properties of the ultra-fine particles. The compressive behaviour of high performance concrete was experirnentally assessed and then modeled. The Young modulus has been modeled considering the HPC as a two phases material (motar and coarse aggregate). The influence of fibers (steel or PVA) has been studied. The durability of such concrete was investigated in a very aggressive environment: a 20% ammonium sulfate solution. Not any sign of important degradation was observed after several cycles in the sulfate solution
Gambini, Camille. "La morphogénèse gastrovasculaire de la méduse Aurelia aurita". Paris 7, 2012. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00720167.
Testo completoMorphogenesis of living Systems is controlled by a complex of processes in which also physics plays an essential role. In this PhD thesis, we have investigated mechanical self-organized processes involved in gastrovascular morphogenesis of the jellyfish Aurelia aurita. The gastrovascular System of this jellyfish is a branched network of canals, which role is to distribute nutrients and oxygen in its umbrella. The organization of this network is relatively simple. We have observed the growth of this canal network and studied the structure and mechanical properties of the surrounding tissues. Canals grow in a flat and thin cellular sheet, the endoderm, and are surrounded by the extracellular matrix. These different tissues are periodically compressed by muscular contractions. Macro- and microrheology experiments have shown that the extracellular matrix behaves as a soft viscoelastic gel, which structure and mechanical properties evolve during jellyfish development. These changes can be put in connection with physical constraints exerted in the extracellular matrix by muscular contractions. Besides, we have shown by optic and electronic microscopy that canals grow locally by accumulation, stacking and differentiation of endodermal cells into canal cells. Numerical simulations and experimental results suggest that this process is induced by compressive constraints, which are locally enhanced in the endoderm, at the tip of a growing canal, during each muscular contraction of the jellyfish
Morestin, Fabrice. "Contribution à l’étude du retour élastique lors de la mise en forme des produits plats". Lyon, INSA, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ISAL0112.
Testo completoThe prediction of the sheet metal's springback after deep drawing is an important issue to solve for the control of manufacturing processes. Nowadays, the importance of this problem increases because of the use of steel sheeting with high yield stress and also aluminium alloys. A mechanical theory have been developed and is implemented in a software called PLIAGE in order to predict the final shape of the drawing. This software is used now by the French car manufacturer RENAULT. LIAGE is a semi analytical software and does not use the F. E. M. Formulation. So, the computation time is very short but it is not prejudicial to the quality of the results. The principle of calculations is the following one: first, the forming process is simulated geometrically in order to find the areas of the drawing which have experienced the same strain path. The steel sheet may be considered as being composed of fibres in accordance with its thic kness. Stresses at the end of deep drawing and the residual stresses are computed for each identical strain history area by solving the Prandtl and Reuss plasticity equations associated with a non linear kinematic hardening model proposed by Lemaître and Chaboche. The calculations take into account the evolution of the Young's modulus versus plastic strain because of the importance of this parameter for springback computation. After the final stress state is entirely computed, the residual radius of the identical history strain area is calculated to determine springback. The complete shape, after springback, is rebuilt with the residual radius of each area. This theory implemented in the software PLIAGE was proved and validated by industrial and laboratory experiments. PLIAGE is interfaced with the CAD software EUCLID IS and is used by the Metal Forming Process Departrnent of RENAULT
Bouillard, Killian. "Quantification du module d'élasticité musculaire au cours de contractions isométriques : une première étape vers l'estimation de la force musculaire". Nantes, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NANT3007.
Testo completoEl, Hilali Abdellah. "Etude expérimentale de la rhéologie et du comportement des bétons autoplaçants (BAP) : influence des fines calcaires et des fibres végétales". Cergy-Pontoise, 2009. http://biblioweb.u-cergy.fr/theses/2009CERG0458.pdf.
Testo completoThe research presented in this thesis develops a simple method for the formulation of self-compacting reference concrete containing limestone fillers and no added viscosity agent. The approach is dual: both experimental and theoretical (granular optimization) were conducted. The water and superplasticizer were determined through mini cone and Marsh cone tests conducted on the SCC paste. Effects of limestone filler fineness on rheological and mechanical properties of the SCC have been noteworthy. Three calcareous fillers have been introduced into the SCC paste, respectively noted "MFS", "LFE" and "MFO". The fillers had different Blaine Specific areas ‘SB’. The results demonstrated that increasing the calcareous fillers’ fineness amplified the demand for superplasticizer as well as increased its compactness and fluidity. Furthermore, it has been shown that the fillers with high ‘SB’ improved SCC durability relative to gas (CO2) and liquid diffusion; the concrete compressive strength was improved mainly at early curing ages. Also, the relationship between the elastic modulus and the SCC compressive strengths was independent of the fineness of the fillers and was very close to that recommended by ACI318-89. Is vegetable-fiber reinforced SCC mechanical strength as resistant as unreinforced SCC ? The main objective of this research was to answer this question. An experimental program was designed to study the influence of the introduction of short vegetable fibers issued from paper pulp recycling on the SCC’s properties. Four types of vegetable fibers have been studied, noted FBA, FBB, FBC and FBD. They differ in their geometric characteristics and their cellulose concentrations. The introduction of the short vegetal fibers in the formulated reference SCC with constant binder dosages led to a significant increase in the paste’s demand for water and superplasticizer, a decrease in concrete density, and an augmentation in permeability which reduced its mechanical strength and durability
Ferland, François. "Détermination de la résistance en compression uniaxiale et du module d'élasticité d'un matériau poreux à l'aide d'un essai de poinçonnement". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0003/MQ42905.pdf.
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