Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Modélisation des catastrophes"
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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Modélisation des catastrophes"
Brandt, Per Aage. "De la dynamique phrastique. Grammaire, chorématique et Théorie des Catastrophes". Estudos Semióticos 19, n. 1 (27 aprile 2023): 226–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.1980-4016.esse.2023.209341.
Testo completoEl Adlouni, Salaheddine, e Taha B. M. J. Ouarda. "Étude de la loi conjointe débit-niveau par les copules : Cas de la rivière Châteauguay". Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 35, n. 10 (ottobre 2008): 1128–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l08-054.
Testo completoPrudhomme, Claire, Ana Roxin, Christophe Cruz e Frank Boochs. "Modélisation sémantique et programmation générative pour une simulation multi-agent dans le contexte de gestion de catastrophe". Revue Internationale de Géomatique 30, n. 1-2 (gennaio 2020): 37–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3166/rig.2020.00102.
Testo completoProvitolo, Damienne, Edwige Dubos-Paillard, Nathalie Verdière, Valentina Lanza, Rodolphe Charrier, Cyrille Bertelle e M. A. Aziz-Alaoui. "Les comportements humains en situation de catastrophe : de l’observation à la modélisation conceptuelle et mathématique". Cybergeo, 9 settembre 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/cybergeo.27150.
Testo completoTesi sul tema "Modélisation des catastrophes"
Enjolras, Geoffroy. "De l'assurabilité des catastrophes naturelles : Modélisation et application à l'assurance récolte". Montpellier 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON10020.
Testo completoNatural catastrophes are complex hazards which generate major losses, especially in the agricultural sector. As a result, their insurability is limited and the insurance market is incomplete. Facing these limitations, we develop an innovative combination of insurance and financial instruments adapted to the coverage of the different aspects of natural risks. Our application focuses on crop insurance which is being reformed in France. The thesis is organized in four main parts: the first part presents a survey of literature on catastrophic risks and the potential insurance and financial instruments. The second part exposes a case study on flood risk management at the river-basin scale. In a third part, we develop a theoretical model that tends to offer an optimal coverage against catastrophic risk. The fourth part consists in an empirical validation of the model performing regressions and a full set of tests
Nikolkina, Irina. "Modélisation des écoulements de gravité et des ondes longues : application à l'évaluation des risques de catastrophes naturelles dans les Antilles françaises". Thesis, Antilles-Guyane, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AGUY0435/document.
Testo completoThe dissertation is devoted to research in the field of marine natural hazards (tsunamis, storm surges) in the French West Indies, using analytical and numerical models of fluid mechanics. Emphasis is placed on the development of models of landslide motion and generated tsunami waves. The simple "solid block" model is used to evaluate the characteristics of pyroclastic flow Soufriere Hills volcano (Montserrat). The "fluid model" of a landslide (so called Savage-Hutter model) is studied analytically; within this model a new family of exact solutions that describe the motion of nonlinear gravity flow in a valley or underwater canyon is found: nonlinear Riemann wave, dan break problem, self-similar solutions (M - wave and parabolic cap). In the framework of the linear shallow water theory the process of generation of tsunami waves by landslides of variable volume moving with variable velocity above the basin of variable depth is studied. For the specific bottom profile ("reflectionless" one) the resonant phenomena is investigated in the basin of variable depth. Numerical methods are used to analyze marine hazards: historical (storm surges, caused by Cyclone LILI in 2002; volcanic tsunami 2003 on Montserrat) and possible events (possible tsunami of the coast of Martinique). Various data on marine natural disasters are obtained during field surveys (volcanic tsunami in 2003, stonn surges caused by Hurricane Dean in 2007). Designed catalogs of tsunamis and storm surges are created based on results of numerical modeling and field studies; some statistical analysis is perfomed
Ardon, Jean. "Modélisation probabiliste de la dépendance spatiale et temporelle appliquée à l’étude du péril sécheresse dans le cadre du régime français d’indemnisation des catastrophes naturelles". Thesis, La Rochelle, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LAROS002.
Testo completoThis work was performed at CCR, a French reinsurance company, within the studies that are conducted to model natural disasters, and particularly the drought hazard. Drought is the word used to denote the shrink-swell clay phenomenon that damages individual houses. These researches are related to an internal model that estimates the annual cost of a drought. This model crosses insurance data and soil moisture data to evaluate the cost of a occured event. CCR wants this model to be improved towards a probabilistic version by conceiving a generator of drought events that have to be realistic, although they are fictive. This generator will allow the estimation of the probability distribution of the drought cost. In order to conceive a fictive event generator for CCR’s drought model, mathematical tools have been used to model dependence between spatio-temporal random variables. The chosen method consists of studying and modeling separately spatial dependence and temporal dependence. Temporal dependence is modelized with time series models such as classical decomposition and autoregressive processes. Spatial dependence is modelized with kriging and copula theory. Spatial random noise is generated with a copula and then time series models are applied to rebuild original process. Kriging is used when generated data need to be interpolated, for example when data are generated only on a subset of the main grid. Results of the generator exploitation are given. They will be used by CCR for provisionning and pricing. These results will also be used for the estimation of the two-hundred-year cost of natural disasters within the new European Solvency II Directive
Mao, Gwladys. "Estimation des coûts économiques des inondations par des approches de type physique sur exposition". Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1192/document.
Testo completoThis research was conducted within the framework of the Caisse Centrale de Réassurance's (CCR) R&D objective - to widen the scope of impacts estimated by its flood impact model. In chapter one, we study the various impacts of a flood and their interdependencies in order to create a classification of impacts. This classification allows us to design the architecture of a global impact model built from linking specific impacts models where the outputs of one model are the inputs of the following one. This approach generates an estimation with a breakdown by type of impact. It also allows us to understand the domino effects from the direct damage to the macroeconomic impacts. In chapter two, we study models for car damages according to CCR's specifications. The requirements are: the model should be independent from other natural catastrophes and impacts estimations and it should be able to model both a specific event and the total annual load. Through this work we describe, implement, and identify issues with possible improvements of three modelling approaches: - a simple linear regression, CCR's presently used method, - a frequency x severity model associated to the extreme value theory, widely used in the insurance business sector, - a model that pairs a physical model with exposure through damage curves. CCR already uses this approach to estimate damage to buildings. Hence, we are using CCR's flood hazard model and develop an exposure model and a damage model specific to cars. CCR is in charge of the accounting management of the Agricultural National Risk Management Fund on behalf of the State. Hence, chapter three contains state of the art modeling solutions for this risk and description of the designed model and its implementation. A vulnerability model and a damage model specific to the agricultural risk are developed and paired with CCR's flood hazard model. The vulnerability model uses the Graphic Parcel Register database. The damage model is based on the damage curves developed by IRSTEA for the national think tank on flood cost-benefit analysis. Chapter four is a technical document that will allow CCR to continue the development of the global model. It presents a situational analysis of what has been done (cars and agricultural risks) and of ongoing works (business interruption due to direct damage). For the remaining impacts, it presents the modeling issues, a short research review and the conclusions reached in terms of modeling
Vongvixay, Amphone. "Mesure et analyse de la dynamique temporelle des flux solides dans les petits bassins versants : cas d'un bassin versant agricole en région d'élevage (basse-Normandie, France)". Phd thesis, Rennes, INSA, 2012. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00688884.
Testo completoThe study was performed on the Moulinet and the Oir streams watershed, in Lower-Normandie region. The watershed area is 4,53 km2 and 87 km2 respectively. The main objectives are: 1) to measure and describe the temporal dynamics of the SSC, and 2) to relate these dynamics with the SS origins, the climatic determinants and the stream's order. The measuring of bed-load premises to determine the criterion for mobilizing particles from stream's bottom. The measurement of suspended sediment concentration (SSC) through the water turbidity was deepened. The SSC temporal dynamics was analyzed by different approaches: relationship SSC-discharge, statistic analysis and modeling with different time scale (year, month, season, day and flood scale). A first comparison of the hydrological response between the catchment of Moulinet and the Oir was presented
Ecoto, Dicka Geoffrey. "Modélisation et apprentissage machine learning appliqués à l'estimation des dommages consécutifs à la survenance d'un événement de sécheresse par retrait-gonflement des argiles dans le cadre du régime d'indemnisation des catastrophes naturelles français". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UNIP7182.
Testo completoThis Ph.D. thesis is dedicated to forecasting the financial impact on insured properties in the event of drought, utilizing methods that merge statistics and machine learning. In this context, "drought" refers to the phenomenon of clay shrinkage and swelling that leads to damage to buildings. The task can be broken down into two sub-problems that we address separately. The first sub-problem focuses on predicting which municipalities will submit a request for the government declaration of natural disaster for a drought event. The second is dedicated to predicting the financial impact of drought events on insured properties located in municipalities that obtained the government declaration of natural disaster for a drought event. For the first sub-problem, we develop, study, and apply an original algorithm to predict requests for the government declaration of natural disaster. The algorithm benefits from two complementary formalizations of the task at hand, approached as both supervised classification and an optimal transport problem. The final predictions are obtained as a geometric mean of these two prediction types. Theoretically, the optimal transport plan can be obtained by applying the iPiano algorithm [Ochs et al., 2015], and we demonstrate that the assumptions underlying its analysis are met. The analysis of the predictions obtained confirms the algorithm's relevance. Regarding the second sub-problem, we develop, investigate, and apply an original aggregation algorithm, inspired by the Super Learner [van der Laan, 2007]. Two challenges must be considered. First, since drought events have only been covered by the French natural disaster compensation scheme since 1989, the number of drought events available for training our algorithm is limited, with each drought event associated with a large dataset. Second, temporal dependence is compounded by spatial dependence, primarily due to geographic and administrative proximity between French municipalities. Based on a dependency modeling using a dependency graph, the theoretical analysis reveals that the brevity of the time series can be compensated if spatial dependence is weak. Once again, the analysis of the predictions obtained underscores the relevance of our algorithm
Raillani, Hajar. "Disaster mοdelling and emergency facilities lοcatiοn under uncertainties : a case study οf the Μοrοccan relief supply chain". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NORMIR10.
Testo completoDisaster modelling and facility location are critical aspects of disaster management that help to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of relief supply chains. However, the inherent uncertainties associated with disasters and relief supply chains can significantly impact the effectiveness of such models. To address this challenge, the thesis proposes the use of uncertainty quantification-based models and hidden Markov based models for disaster modelling in the context of the Moroccan relief supply chain. The thesis initiates by conceptualizing the Moroccan relief supply chain, comprehensively outlining its design, activities, and the various actors involved in the humanitarian process, then, a detailed analysis was conducted to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of the Moroccan relief supply chain. This involved a deep examination of uncertainty sources within the humanitarian process, to make a good understanding of challenges faced within the Moroccan relief supply chain and identify the specific requirements. Following this conceptual groundwork, the proposed models are then applied to a dedicated case study of the Moroccan relief supply chain. This practical application aims to validate the effectiveness of the uncertainty quantification-based models and hidden Markov-based models in a real-world scenario, providing valuable insights into their applicability, utility, and potential impact on the complex dynamics of the humanitarian field. The results demonstrate that the uncertainty quantification-based model and the hidden Markov based model can significantly improve the robustness and efficiency of the supply chain network in term of disaster prediction. The uncertainty quantification-based model enables to make prediction of the potential human impact of disasters and the most sensitive regions which can help in the evaluation of the robustness of the supply chain network under different scenarios, considering various sources of uncertainty, such as demand and uncertainties on documented data. On the other hand, the hidden Markov based model is used to predict the disaster behaviour in next occurrence, based on historical data and trends. This model provides important insights into the potential of HMMs in disaster management and humanitarian logistics and emphasize the importance of these models in protecting disasters impact, vulnerable populations and mitigating the effects of natural disasters in the future. The thesis aims also to identify the optimal facility locations and develop an efficient disaster response plan that can mitigate the impact of disasters, this stations will have for function the reception, control, support and the distribution of help in case of natural disasters (earthquakes, floods, torrential floods, locust invasions, drought, landslides ...) or man-made disasters (technological accidents, terrorist attacks, road accidents, pollution ...), through the integration of different actors in the Moroccan relief supply chain (Ministry of the Interior, Ministry of Planning of Moroccan Territories, the civil protection, military, NGOs ...) and by considering various sources of uncertainty, such as demand, transportation time, and supply disruptions. The optimal facility locations identified by the models provide a better coverage of the affected areas, thereby improving the speed and effectiveness of the disaster response plan. The thesis highlights the significance of incorporating uncertainty analysis in disaster modelling and provides insights into the relief supply chain management in Morocco. The findings of this thesis can be useful for policymakers and practitioners in disaster management to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of relief supply chains
Alaeddine, Houssein. "Un modèle d'optimisation spatio-temporel pour l'évacuation de la population exposée aux catastrophes naturelles : projet ACCELL : évaluation spatio-temporelle de l'ACCessibilité d'Enjeux localisés en situation d'inondation sur le bassin de la Loire". Thesis, Tours, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUR1802/document.
Testo completoThe importance of managing an urban site threatened or affected by flooding requires the development of effective evacuation systems. An effective evacuation system has to take into account some constraints such as the transportation traffic which plays an important role as well as others such as the accessibility, necessary human resources and material equipment (vehicles, assembly points, etc...). The main objective of this work is to bring assistance to the technical services and brigade forces in terms of accessibility by providing itineraries with respect to rescue operations and the evacuation of people and goods.We consider the evacuation of a middle size area, exposed to a risk, and more precisely to a risk of flooding. In case of flooding event, the most of inhabitants will be evacuated by themselves, ie., using their personal vehicles. Considered case here, the flooding can be forecast in advance, and then the population has few days (2-4) to evacuate. Our aimis to build an evacuation plan, ie., fixing for each individual the date of departure and the path to reach the assembly point (also called shelter) associated. Evacuation plan must avoid congestion on the roads of evacuation network.Here, we present a spatio-temporal optimization model for the evacuation of the population exposed to natural disasters, and more particularly to a flood risk
Leebmann, Johannes. "Dreidimensionale Skizzen in Erweiterter Realität". Phd thesis, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00275264.
Testo completoKarouni, Ali. "Réalisation d'une plate-forme fondée sur la théorie de la décision, l'optimisation et la diffusion pour prévoir, modéliser et gérer une catastrophe naturelle : les feux de forêts". Thesis, Angers, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ANGE0043.
Testo completoDuring the last decades, the number of occurrences of natural disasters has increased noticeably which lead to catastrophic results on human as well as properties and green areas. But despite the huge amount of damages, this helps to draw the attention of researchers, organizations and the various governmental and non-governmental sectors towards analyzing these phenomena, their causes & effects, allowing to recognize their behaviors and the methods to predict their occurrence and thus reaching the phase of risk management contributing to prevent their incidence or limit the consequences. As the risk of happening often exists, the instantaneous presence of dangers is also possible. Here appears the importance of any effort that serves to tackle such crises. In this contribution, the phenomenon of forest fires is studied. In Lebanon, green areas declined dramatically during the last decades, what imposes an urgent intervention with strict governmental policies and support of non-governmental organizations. The global orientation is towards techniques that predict high fire risks, allowing for precautions to preclude fire occurrences or at least limit their consequences. Forest fire prediction proves to contribute in preventing fire occurrence or reducing its catastrophic impacts in worst cases on human lives, properties and green forestry
Capitoli di libri sul tema "Modélisation des catastrophes"
"La modélisation « libérée »". In Science et développement durable, 194. Marseille: IRD Éditions, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/12273.
Testo completo