Tesi sul tema "Modélisation de nuage de particules"
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Belerrajoul, Mohamed. "Modélisation multi-échelle de la combustion d'un nuage de particules". Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019INPT0014/document.
Testo completoThe presence of fine particles of oxidizable materials is encountered in many industrial situations.The risk of dust explosion presents a constant threat in transformation industries that manufacture,use or manipulate powders or combustible materials dusts. In nuclear safety analysis, one of themain scenarios is the risk of graphite dust explosion that may occur during decommissioningoperations of Uranium Natural Graphite Gas reactors. The issue considered in this thesis isrelated to combustion of a dilute gas-particle mixture. This work aims at developing a macroscopicEuler-Lagrange model for predicting laminar flame velocity, which is one of the essential data forturbulent flame velocity models used to evaluate the risk of dust explosion. First, the macroscopicheat and mass transfer equations are derived using the volume averaging method. The majorinterest of the proposed approach is to provide closure problems that allow to estimate theeffective transport coefficients, such as heat exchange coefficients and the effective coefficient ofthe heterogeneous reaction. Second, Euler-Lagrange simulations are used to determine the planetwo-phase laminar flame velocity as a function of gas mixture and graphite dust characteristics.The proposed model is compared to the classical Euler-Lagrange model based on the resolutionof the boundary layer problem in the vicinity of an isolated particle in infinite medium. Results showthat the dilution rate and the indirect particle-particle exchanges are not systematically negligible inthe macroscopic exchanges between the two-phases. On the other hand, this study suggests thepotentiality of the proposed approach for detailed simulations of two-phase flow
Choi, Young-Chan. "Modélisation de la combustion d'un nuage de particules de charbon injecté dans un four à chute". Mulhouse, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MULH0487.
Testo completoVasseur, Pierre. "Propriétés optiques des gaz : modélisation du rayonnement émis par un nuage de gaz et de particules en expansion". Paris 10, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA100061.
Testo completoThe objective of this thesis is to study the radiative properties of gases. In order to determine the monochromatic absorption coefficient of alkanes, alkenes and carbon dioxide, two measurement systems for the spectral transmission of gases were developed together with the MBDA Company. From the first measurements, the monochromatic absorption coefficient was calculated for methane, ethane, ethylene and propylene for pressures of 2 to 50bar and temperatures of 300 to 800K. Through the second measurements, that of carbon dioxide was determined for 1bar and temperatures of 300 to 1100K. Evolution models for the monochromatic absorption coefficient depending on temperature are presented for those gases at different pressures. From these models and from luminance measures, the mathematical inversion of the radiative transfer equation for a semi-transparent, homogeneous and non-disseminating environment made it possible to define the temperature and concentration profiles in a ramjet. A model of the radiation emitted by an expanding cloud of gas and particles coming from a solid explosive was developed for the research center of Gramat (DGA). This model is part of a research done on the radiation emitted by an expanding cloud of gas and particles. Experiments on explosions will be made to check validity of the different models. The influence of the model parameters was studied and a validation was achieved through spectral measurements on deflagrations
Jumelet, Julien. "Etude des particules stratosphériques par couplage entre mesures Lidar et modélisation microphysique". Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066449.
Testo completoEscot, Bocanegra Pablo. "Études expérimentales et modélisation de la combustion des nuages de particules micrométriques et nanométriques d'aluminium". Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00347592.
Testo completoL'objectif de ce travail a été de caractériser expérimentalement la combustion dans l'air d'un nuage de particules d'aluminium micrométrique et nanométrique pour de fortes richesses dans les conditions normales de température et de pression. Un outil de simulation numérique a été élaboré sur cette base expérimentale. Pour répondre aux besoins de l'étude, un dispositif expérimental spécifique a été développé et de multiples techniques d'analyse ont été utilisées afin de comprendre les mécanismes physiques mis en jeu lors de la combustion des particules d'aluminium. Il en ressort que la vitesse de flamme augmente avec la concentration et que pour la même concentration globale, la combustion se propage plus rapidement dans les nuages de nanoparticules que dans les nuages de microparticules. Les températures de la phase gazeuse et de la phase condensée pour le nuage de particules nanométriques sont inférieures à celles du nuage de particules micrométriques. L'élaboration d'un modèle à partir des paramètres expérimentaux permet d'obtenir des temps de combustion qui concordent avec l'expérience. Deux lois en D 0,25 et D 0,49 peuvent être estimées en considérant des particules nanométriques non agglutinées.
Escot, Bocanegra Pablo. "Etudes expérimentales et modélisation de la combustion des nuages de particules micrométriques et nanométriques d'aluminium". Orléans, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ORLE2079.
Testo completoGoutierre, Emmanuel. "Machine learning-based particle accelerator modeling". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASG106.
Testo completoParticle accelerators rely on high-precision simulations to optimize beam dynamics. These simulations are computationally expensive, making real-time analysis impractical. This thesis seeks to address this limitation by exploring the potential of machine learning to develop surrogate models for particle accelerator simulations. The focus is on ThomX, a compact Compton source, where two surrogate models are introduced: LinacNet and Implicit Neural ODE (INODE). These models are trained on a comprehensive database developed in this thesis that captures a wide range of operating conditions to ensure robustness and generalizability. LinacNet provides a comprehensive representation of the particle cloud by predicting all coordinates of the macro-particles, rather than focusing solely on beam observables. This detailed modeling, coupled with a sequential approach that accounts for cumulative particle dynamics throughout the accelerator, ensures consistency and enhances model interpretability. INODE, based on the Neural Ordinary Differential Equation (NODE) framework, seeks to learn the implicit governing dynamics of particle systems without the need for explicit ODE solving during training. Unlike traditional NODEs, which struggle with discontinuities, INODE is theoretically designed to handle them more effectively. Together, LinacNet and INODE serve as surrogate models for ThomX, demonstrating their ability to approximate particle dynamics. This work lays the groundwork for developing and improving the reliability of machine learning-based models in accelerator physics
Hiron, Thibault. "Experimental and modeling study of heterogeneous ice nucleation on mineral aerosol particles and its impact on a convective cloud". Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CLFAC074/document.
Testo completoOne of the main challenges in understanding the evolution of Earth's climate resides in the understanding the ice formation processes and their role in the formation of tropospheric clouds as well as their evolution. A newly built humidity-controlled cold stage allows the simultaneous observation of up to 200 monodispersed droplets of suspensions containing K-feldspar particles, known to be very active ice nucleating particles. The ice nucleation efficiencies of the individual residual particles were compared for the different freezing modes and the relationship between immersion ice nuclei and deposition ice nuclei were investigated. The results showed that the same ice active sites are responsible for nucleation of ice in immersion and deposition modes.The atmospheric implications of the experimental results are discussed, using Descam (Flossmann et al., 1985), a 1.5-d bin-resolved microphysics model in a case study aiming to assess the role of the different ice nucleation pathways in the dynamical evolution of the CCOPE convective cloud (Dye et al., 1986). Four mineral aerosol types (K-feldspar, kaolinite, illite and quartz) were considered for immersion and contact freezing and deposition nucleation, with explicit Ice Nucleation Active Site density parameterizations.In sensitivity studies, the different aerosol types and nucleation modes were treated seperately and in competition to assess their relative importance. Immersion freezing on K-feldspar was found to have the most pronounced impact on the dynamical evolution and precipitation for a convective cloud
Dépée, Alexis. "Etude expérimentale et théorique des mécanismes microphysiques mis en jeu dans la capture des aérosols radioactifs par les nuages". Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CLFAC057.
Testo completoAtmospheric particles are a key topic in many social issues. Their presence in this atmosphere is a meteorological and climatic subject, as well as a public health concern since these particles are correlated with the increase of cardiovascular diseases. Specially, radioactive particles emitted as a result of a nuclear accident can jeopardise ecosystems for decades. The recent accident at the Fukushima Daiichi’s nuclear power plant in 2011 reminds us that the risk, even extremely unlikely, exists.After a release of nuclear material in the atmosphere, nanometric particles diffuse and coagulate, while micrometric particles settle due to gravity. Nevertheless, the intermediate size particles can be transported at a global scale when the main mechanism involved in their scavenging comes from the interaction with clouds and their precipitations. To enhance the ground contamination knowledge after such accidental releases, the understanding of the particle in-cloud collection is thus essential. For this purpose, a microphysical model is implemented in this work, including the whole microphysical mechanisms acting on the particle collection by cloud droplets like the electrostatic forces since radionuclides are well-known to become significantly charged. Laboratory measurements are then conducted through In-CASE (In-Cloud Aerosols Scavenging Experiment), a novel experiment built in this work, to get comparisons between modelling and observations, once again at a microphysical scale where every parameter influencing the particle in-cloud collection is controlled. Furthermore, two systems to electrically charge particles and droplets are constructed to set the electric charges carefully while the relative humidity level is also regulated. These new research results related to the particle collection by cloud droplets following the electrostatic forces, among others effects, are thus incorporated into the convective cloud model DESCAM (Detailed SCAvenging Model). This detailed microphysical model describes a cloud from its formation to the precipitations, allowing the study at a meso-scale of the impact of the new data on the particle scavenging. Moreover, some changes are made in DESCAM to expand the study to stratiform clouds since the major part of the French precipitations come from the stratiform ones. Finally, this work paves the way for the enhancement of the atmospheric particle scavenging modelling, including the ground contamination in the crisis model used by the French Institute in Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety
Baudry, Guillaume. "Etude de l'inflammabilité d'un nuage de particules d'aluminium partiellement oxydées". Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00259617.
Testo completoLefebvre, Aline, e Aline Lefebvre-Lepot. "Modélisation numérique d'écoulements fluide/particules". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00257246.
Testo completoDans la première, nous présentons une méthode de simulation d'écoulements fluide/particules. Nous montrons que la pénalisation du tenseur des contraintes, associée à une discrétisation en temps par la méthode des caractéristiques, conduit à une formulation variationnelle de type Stokes généralisée. Des tests numériques sont effectués sous FreeFem++ afin d'étudier la convergence. Nous en présentons également trois exemples d'utilisation.
Dans la seconde partie nous proposons un modèle permettant de prendre en compte les forces de lubrification dans les simulations directes d'écoulements fluide/particules. Nous présentons d'abord un modèle de contact visqueux dans le cas particule/plan, obtenu comme limite, à viscosité nulle, du modèle de lubrification. Nous décrivons ensuite un algorithme reposant sur une étape de projection des vitesses, à chaque instant, sur un espace dit de vitesses admissibles. On montre alors la convergence du schéma et on généralise l'algorithme au cas multi-particules. Nous en présentons également un exemple de programmation orientée objet.
Dans la dernière partie, nous considérons un système discret de sphères (boulier en 1D) qui interagissent à travers la force de lubrification. Le modèle microscopique repose sur le développement de cette force à courte distance. Nous proposons une équation constitutive marcoscopique, de type Newtonien, reposant sur une viscosité linéique proportionnelle à l'inverse de la fraction locale de fluide. Nous établissons la convergence du modèle microscopique vers le modèle macroscopique proposé.
Prudhomme, Gabriel. "Étude du nuage de particules éjectées sous choc : apports de la Vélocimétrie Hétérodyne". Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENAM0044/document.
Testo completoA metal plate subjected to a shock (tin, 10 GPa) undergoes a variety of damages such as spalling or the ejection of a cloud of particles. Two main mechanisms govern the formation of this cloud: the micro-jetting and the melting under shock. Photonic Doppler Velocimetry (PDV, a.k.a. LDV or het-V) is a multi-velocity time-resolved diagnostic. Developed from 2000s, the all-fibered conception makes its integration easy into shock experiments. The purpose of the thesis is to describe the contributions of PDV systems for high-velocity (several km/s) particle-cloud characterization, including micro-jetting cloud.This document presents a state of the art of shock generators, diagnostics and (numerical and experimental) studies involved in metallic micro-machined jetting. An extensive study of a PDV system is proposed. It leads to the definition of time-velocity spectrogram, evaluated in units of collected power, and a detectivity limit. Thanks to photon diffusion models, a threshold in the diameter of the measured particle is estimated. A PDV spectrogram simulation program is shown within the framework of particle clouds. Finally, several experimental campaigns are exposed. They emphasize the remarkable capacities of the system; results are compared to simulations. Diameter distributions are inferred using slowing down in air or in other gazes. Some radiometric analyses are also performed
Franzkowiak, Jean-Eloi. "Interaction lumière-nuage de particules micrométriques hautes vitesses : application à la Vélocimétrie Hétérodyne". Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ENAM0053/document.
Testo completoAs a shockwave reaches a roughened metal’s surface, high-speed micron-sized particles are ejected. The spectral signature of the cloud can be measured using a fiber-based interferometric setup, so-called Photon Doppler velocimetry (PDV).In the single scattering regime, we study how the parametric dependencies of the cloud influence its Doppler response. Using a Maximum Likelihood technique, we estimate the mass-velocity function of ejected material, and its uncertainty. The time-dependent statistical properties of the spectrum, coming from the complex optical collection efficiency of the probe, are also explained.We present a Monte Carlo method to incorporate multiple scattering. Three different ejecta experiments are studied and the presence of non-physical velocities attributed to multiple scattering between surface and ejecta. Cloud’s visibility and backscattered power decrease with time due to the existence of different scattering regimes. Whatever the ejected mass, multiple scattering effects have to be integrated in PDV calculations. A single scattering will only be asymptotically valid, when time reaches infinity and/or the beam diameter is negligible with respect to the scattering mean free paths
Couvidat, Florian. "Modélisation des particules organiques dans l'atmosphère". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00778086.
Testo completoOesau, Sven. "Modélisation géométrique de scènes intérieures à partir de nuage de points". Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE4034/document.
Testo completoGeometric modeling and semantization of indoor scenes from sampled point data is an emerging research topic. Recent advances in acquisition technologies provide highly accurate laser scanners and low-cost handheld RGB-D cameras for real-time acquisition. However, the processing of large data sets is hampered by high amounts of clutter and various defects such as missing data, outliers and anisotropic sampling. This thesis investigates three novel methods for efficient geometric modeling and semantization from unstructured point data: Shape detection, classification and geometric modeling. Chapter 2 introduces two methods for abstracting the input point data with primitive shapes. First, we propose a line extraction method to detect wall segments from a horizontal cross-section of the input point cloud. Second, we introduce a region growing method that progressively detects and reinforces regularities of planar shapes. This method utilizes regularities common to man-made architecture, i.e. coplanarity, parallelism and orthogonality, to reduce complexity and improve data fitting in defect-laden data. Chapter 3 introduces a method based on statistical analysis for separating clutter from structure. We also contribute a supervised machine learning method for object classification based on sets of planar shapes. Chapter 4 introduces a method for 3D geometric modeling of indoor scenes. We first partition the space using primitive shapes detected from permanent structures. An energy formulation is then used to solve an inside/outside labeling of a space partitioning, the latter providing robustness to missing data and outliers
Zhu, Shupeng. "Modélisation du mélange des particules dans l’atmosphère". Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC1156/document.
Testo completoThis thesis present a newly developed size-composition resolved aerosol model (SCRAM), which is able to simulate the dynamics of externally-mixed particles in the atmosphere, and it evaluates its performance in three-dimensional air-quality simulations. The main work is split into four parts. First, the research context of external mixing and aerosol modelling is introduced. Secondly, the development of the SCRAM box model is presented along with validation tests. Each particle composition is defined by the combination of mass-fraction sections of its chemical components or aggregates of components. The three main processes involved in aerosol dynamic (nucleation, coagulation, condensation/evaporation) are included in SCRAM. The model is first validated by comparisons with published reference solutions for coagulation and condensation/evaporation of internally-mixed particles. The particle mixing state is investigated in a 0-D simulation using data representative of air pollution at a traffic site in Paris. The relative influence on the mixing state of the different aerosol processes and of the algorithm used to model condensation/evaporation (dynamic evolution or bulk equilibrium between particles and gas) is studied. Then, SCRAM is integrated into the Polyphemus air quality platform and used to conduct simulations over Greater Paris during the summer period of 2009. This evaluation showed that SCRAM gives satisfactory results for both PM2.5/PM10 concentrations and aerosol optical depths, as assessed from comparisons to observations. Besides, the model allows us to analyze the particle mixing state, as well as the impact of the mixing state assumption made in the modelling on particle formation, aerosols optical properties, and cloud condensation nuclei activation. Finally, two simulations are conducted during the winter campaign of MEGAPOLI (Megacities : Emissions, urban, regional and Global Atmospheric POLlution and climate effects, and Integrated tools for assessment and mitigation) in January 2010 where the composition of individual particles was measured. One simulation assumes that particles are internally mixed, while the other explicitly models the mixing state with SCRAM. The simulation results of both bulk concentrations of chemical species and concentrations of individual particle classes are compared with the measurements. Then, the single particle diversity and the mixing-state index are computed using a quantification approach based on information-theoretic entropy, and they are compared to those derived from the measurements at a urban site in Paris: the simulated mixing-state index is equal to 69% against 59% from the measurements, indicating that particles are not internally mixed over Paris
Rhandi, Youssef. "Etude de l'inflammation et de la combustion d'un nuage de particules de charbon en milieu suroxygéné". Mulhouse, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MULH0371.
Testo completoDurant, Yvon G. "Modélisation de la structuration des particules en émulsion". Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO10080.
Testo completoCampana, Lorenzo. "Modélisation stochastique de particules non sphériques en turbulence". Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022COAZ4019.
Testo completoThe motion of small non- spherical particles suspended in a turbulent flow is relevant for a large variety of natural and industrial applications such as aerosol dynamics in respiration, red blood cells motion, plankton dynamics, ice in clouds, combustion, to name a few. Anisotropic particles react on turbulent flows in complex ways, which depend on a wide range of parameters (shape, inertia, fluid shear). Inertia-free particles, with size smaller than the Kolmogorov length, follow the fluid motion with an orientation generally defined by the local turbulent velocity gradient. Therefore, this thesis is focused on the dynamics of these objects in turbulence exploiting stochastic Lagrangian methods. The development of a model that can be used as predictive tool in industrial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is highly valuable for practical applications in engineering. Models that reach an acceptable compromise between simplicity and accuracy are needed for progressing in the field of medical, environmental and industrial processes. The formulation of a stochastic orientation model is studied in two-dimensional turbulent flow with homogeneous shear, where results are compared with direct numerical simulations (DNS). Finding analytical results, scrutinising the effect of the anisotropies when they are included in the model, and extending the notion of rotational dynamics in the stochastic framework, are subjects addressed in our work. Analytical results give a reasonable qualitative response, even if the diffusion model is not designed to reproduce the non-Gaussian features of the DNS experiments. The extension to the three-dimensional case showed that the implementation of efficient numerical schemes in 3D models is far from straightforward. The introduction of a numerical scheme with the capability to preserve the dynamics at reasonable computational costs has been devised and the convergence analysed. A scheme of splitting decomposition of the stochastic differential equations (SDE) has been developed to overcome the typical instability problems of the Euler–Maruyama method, obtaining a mean-square convergence of order 1/2 and a weakly convergence of order 1, as expected. Finally, model and numerical scheme have been implemented in an industrial CFD code (Code_Saturne) and used to study the orientational and rotational behaviour of anisotropic inertia-free particles in an applicative prototype of inhomogeneous turbulence, i.e. a turbulent channel flow. This real application has faced two issues of the modelling: the numerical implementation in an industrial code, and whether and to which extent the model is able to reproduce the DNS experiments. The stochastic Lagrangian model for the orientation in the CFD code reproduces with some limits the orientation and rotation statistics of the DNS. The results of this study allows to predict the orientation and rotation of aspherical particles, giving new insight into the prediction of large scale motions both, in two-dimensional space, of interest for geophysical flows, and in three-dimensional industrial applications
Darcy, Pierre. "Modélisation du fonctionnement d'un filtre à particules catalysé". Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066129.
Testo completoCalba, Cécile. "Interaction entre une impulsion lumineuse ultra-brève et un nuage dense de particules : simulations numériques et expériences". Rouen, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ROUES029.
Testo completoMetrologies used to characterize two-phase flows are often based on non intrusive optical techniques (PDA, PIV, diffractometry, turbidimetry, …), which use single scattering hypothesis. Their are ineffective in dense media where multiple scattering is predominant and scrambles the signal. This work is dedicated to study the potential of ultra-short light pulses to overpass this limitation, in association with a time-resolved detection. With this kind of illumination, scattered light is temporally divided versus different optical paths. Direct photons called ballistic photons are distinguished to scattered photons in forward detection. Time-resolved scattering phenomena have been quantified with help of numerical tools. An Monte Carlo code has been built. It uses single scattering characteristics describing interaction between one particle and an ultra-short pulse, obtained by Lorenz-Mie theory or Debye series. The originality of this code is to take into account the interaction time between incident pulse and particles, added to the propagation time between the scattered centers. This code is interesting for large particles (50-150 µm). In small sized particles case (small than 5 µm) a simplified semi Monte Carlo algorithm taking into account polarization can be uses, taking into account only propagation time between the scattered centers. Experiments have been made using a femtosecond system on dense calibrated solutions of particles (polystyrene or glass) immersed in water. Comparisons between computations and experiments show a good agreement. Concentration and particle size measurements have been demonstrated for optical depths until 20 and metrological perspectives are discussed
Vignal, Laure Borée Jacques Roig Véronique. "Chute d'un nuage de particules dans une turbulence diffusive étude des couplages entre phases par diagnostics optiques /". Toulouse : INP Toulouse, 2007. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000394.
Testo completoVignal, Laure. "Chute d'un nuage de particules dans une turbulence diffusive : étude des couplages entre phases par diagnostics optiques". Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2006. https://hal.science/tel-04575015.
Testo completoThis experimental study concerns the characterization of the turbulence-particles interactions : dispersion, clusters generation and effects on the carrier flow. The experimental apparatus consists in a vertical jet confined in a tube closed at the top section. The single-phase flow presents a region near homogeneous and isotropic turbulence. In the two-phase flow, we inject particles uniformly at the top of tube. We have developed a PIV/PTV 2D2C methodology to measure simultaneously the velocity fields of both phases. We notice a generation of clusters of particles by preferential concentration. In spite of two-phase flow with low volume fraction of particles, the clusters dynamics leads to a strong modification of the settling velocity of the particles and of the carrier flow turbulence. A model that represents these effects is discussed
Chaperon, Thomas. "Segmentation de nuage de points 3D pour la modélisation automatique d'environnements industriels numérisés". Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009385.
Testo completoDans cette thèse, des algorithmes ont été développés dans ce but. L'attention a en particulier été portée sur la segmentation des lignes de tuyauterie. Les solutions logicielles implémentées dans ce cadre ont été validées par des tests auprès d'utilisateurs experts des outils actuels. Les méthodes développées se caractérisent par l'utilisation au cours de la segmentation de primitives géométriques contraintes, issues de connaissances "métier" (par exemple relations de continuité ou de tangence). L'ajustement de primitive géométrique est un élément de base au sein de ces travaux. Les procédés mis en œuvre, qui utilisent une définition véritablement géométrique des primitives, montrent de bonnes performances en pratique. D'autre part, l'un des problèmes majeurs concerne les moyens de valider le modèle ajusté. La question de la validation de modèle géométrique a été examinée. Nous présentons des méthodes originales construites à partir d'outils statistiques. Enfin, une autre contribution de cette thèse se situe au niveau des algorithmes d'extraction de primitives géométriques d'un nuage de points. Les méthodes présentées ont été appliquées dans le contexte des lignes de tuyauterie, mais semblent également pertinentes pour résoudre la question plus générale de la modélisation totalement automatique d'un environnement numérisé.
Lombardo, Jean-Christophe. "Modélisation d'objets déformables avec un système de particules orientées". Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005000.
Testo completoZheng, Xin. "Frittage de particules métalliques supportées : modélisation et analyse d'images". Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO10309.
Testo completoNguyen, Thanh Hai. "Modélisation numérique et rhéologie des matériaux à particules déformables". Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT273/document.
Testo completoSoft-particle materials are complex forms of matter that occur in numerous applications in chemical, pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food products. Joint effects of disorder and large particle deformations lead to novel mechanical properties that differ from those of rigid-particle materials. In particular, the compressibility and shear resistance depend on both particle rearrangements and their shape change. In this doctoral work, we developed an original approach for numerical simulation of these systems. To allow the particles to deform without breakage, each particle is modeled as an aggregate of frictionless primary particles interacting via a Lennard-Jones attraction force and impenetrability constraints. Energy dissipation by inelastic collisions between primary particles leads to the plastic nature of particle deformations. This model was used to investigate the compaction and shear behavior of soft-particle systems. We find that the compressibility is strongly nonlinear as the packing fraction increases beyond that of a random close packing of rigid particles. In continuous shearing, a critical state is reached with a dilatancy that depends on the confining pressure. In this state, we investigate the shear resistance, distributions of particle shapes, fabric properties and inter-particle forces as a function of the confining pressure. We also compare our results with those obtained by using the Material Point Method (MPM) with elastic particles
Vu, Thi-Lo. "Milieux Granulaires à Particules Molles : Modélisation Expérimentale et Numérique". Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTS100/document.
Testo completoThis thesis deals with the study of granular media composed of soft particles. It relies on the one hand on the method of Digital Image Correlation(DIC) and on the other hand, on simulations coupling the Finite Element Method and the Contact Dynamics method, taking into account the high deformability of particles and interactions between particles. For a wide range of complex materials (elastic, plastic and solid foam), the preliminary study of radially compressed single particles validates the DIC technique for strain field measurements, and for the determination of the strain energy for elastic materials. Macroscopic and micro-structural quantities such as packing fraction, coordination, elastic energy, probability density of the contact force as well as strain energy density, are measured and compared between the numerical and experimental results in particular in the regime where the deformations of the particles are large. The quantitative agreement between these approaches makes it possible to validate both the experimental method for the study of granular media with deformable particles, and the numerical approach. Based on these results, we conducted a numerical study of the uniaxial compression of a Neo-Hookean cylinder assembly. The effect of friction on the macroscopic and mico-structural parameters is determined, even when the packing fraction of the system is close to 100%
Hantal, György. "Modélisation de l'adsorption sur des particules solides dans l'atmosphère". Besançon, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BESA2026.
Testo completoDepuis une dizaine d’années, une attention croissante a été prêtée à l’influencedes particules solides dans l’atmosphère. Les particules solides les plus abondantes dans l’atmosphère sont celles de glace et de suie. Leurs impacts sur l’atmosphère sont très probablement assez complexes : D’une part, ces particules peuvent modifier la composition de la phase gaz par l’adsorption de différentes espèces ; et d’autre part, elle peuvent également induire une réactivité hétérogène différente de la réactivité observée en phase gaz. Étant donné que les processus atmosphériques sont très difficilement observables, les méthodes théoriques peuvent servir à mieux lescaractériser. La recherche effectuée dans le cadre de ma thèse s’est concentrée autour de trois sujets principaux. Le premier concerne l’adsorption des composants organiques volatile sur la glace qui a été modélisée par la méthode Monte Carlo Grand Canonique (GCMC). Cette méthode de simulation permet d’obtenir directement l’isotherme d’adsorption d’espèces gazeuses sur la glace en variant leur potentiel chimique. J’aiutilisé cette méthode pour simuler l’adsorption de l’acétone, l’acide formique et le benzaldéhyde sur la surface de glace. L’excellent accord obtenu entre nos résultats et ceux des expériences montre toute la pertinence de l’approche théorique utilisée. De plus, les détails moléculaires de l’adsorption de ces trois composants ont été déterminés tels que les distributions d’énergie d’interaction des adsorbats ainsi que leurs positions et orientations préférentielles sur la surface de glace. Les résultats nous permettent donc d’interpréter complètement les différents mécanismes des processus d’ adsorption sur la glace. La deuxième partie de mon travail est l’étude de l’adsorption de l’eau sur les particules de suie. Les particules de suie ont été modélisées par les molécules de fullerène empilées les unes sur les autres et contenant des trous modélisant les défauts de la surface. La structure de ces particules de suie a été optimisée en condition réactive par le potentiel AIREBO. Puis, j’ai déterminé les isothermes d’adsorption de l’eau sur ces particules par la méthode GCMC. Mes résultats montrent que les propriétés morphologiques (la taille et la forme) de la cavité présente dans des particules jouent un rôle important dans les processus d’adsorption : Plus la cavité est sphérique plus l’adsorption est efficace. La présence des groupements chimiques oxygénés dans la cavité ne change pas la quantité totale des molécules d’eau qui peuvent être piégées dans les cavités, mais elle peut induire une affinité plus élevée des molécules d’eau pour la suie à très basse pression. Le troisième sujet est dédié à la réactivité des particules de suie dans l’atmosphère. Leur influence sur la réaction d’oxydation des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAPs) par le radical OH a été étudiée en la comparant avec l’oxydation ayant lieu en phase gaz. Pour étudier des systèmes contenant un grand nombre d’atomes de carbone comme la suie et les HAP un nouveau modèle (cinétique et statistique) a été développée et appliquée pour l’oxydation du benzène, naphtalène et anthracène. Les énergies d’interaction ont été calculées par la méthode SE-D qui permet une description non-couteuse et raisonnablement précise des interactions suie–HAP et HAP–OH. Les résultats montrent que sur une surface parfaite carbonée la réactivité des HAP vis-à-vis du radical OH ne change pas significativement en phase adsorbée par rapport à la phase gaz
Bénédet, Vincent. "Reconstruction volumique de nuage de points à l’aide de surfaces implicites". Dijon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006DIJOS036.
Testo completoThis thesis deals with the rebuilding of objects defined by an unorganized set of points using skeleton-based implicit primitives with potential function : blobs. Proposed method finds its originality regarding existing ones with the will to provide an automatic solution to rebuild a closed object whose sampled surface is unknown, with the aim of obtaining not only its surface, but also its interior volume. The choice of using blobs for the reconstruction was binding on us following past research on calculation and the deformation to constant volume of such implicit primitives. The method presented within this document proceeds into three phases. First of all, a voxelisation of the cloud of points allows to define a discrete contour authorizing the definition of an interior for the object. Then, positioning the blobs in order to fill volume is based on a multi-layer system resulting from the voxelisation. At last, blending of implicit primitives with function of density allows to completely fill the volume of the object. Nevertheless, fusion of blobs requires a control of the overflow on surface and a checking of the exhaustiveness of the object's filling. Finally, we get a rebuilt object defined by an implicit surface resulting from the blending of blobs, this one defining at the same time contour and volume of the shape
Konan, N'Dri Arthur. "Modélisation numérique stochastique des rebonds de particules sur parois rugueuses". Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2007. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7656/1/konan.pdf.
Testo completoKhettabi, Riad. "Modélisation des émissions de particules microniques et nanométriques en usinage". Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2009. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/59/1/KHETTABI_Riad.pdf.
Testo completoSanchez, Stéphanie. "Modélisation de l'injection pariétale de particules dans un écoulement turbulent". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2004. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1275.
Testo completoDesjonqueres, Philippe. "Modélisation lagrangienne du comportement de particules discrètes en écoulement turbulent". Rouen, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ROUES004.
Testo completoLyu, Jinming. "Modélisation numérique de la dynamique de particules molles en microcanaux". Thesis, Ecole centrale de Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ECDM0002.
Testo completoVesicles are a model system for understanding the dynamical behavior of a closed soft particle such as red blood cells (RBCs) in flows. The inextensible lipid bilayer membrane of a vesicle admits resistance to the bending elasticity, and its large surface-area-to-volume ratio allows the vesicle to exhibit remarkable shape changes in the dynamics even in a simple flow. Significant progress has been made over the past decades in understanding vesicle dynamics in unbounded Stokes flows. This manuscript deals with the numerical investigation of shape transition and lateral migration of 3D vesicles in wall-bounded Stokes flows by means of an isogeometric finite-element method (FEM) and boundary-element method (BEM). Starting from a previously reported isogeometric FEM-BEM simulations of the dynamics of soft particles (drops, capsule, and vesicle) in Stokes flows in free space, the original code is developed to account for microchannel walls of arbitrary cross-section. The present work focuses on the dynamics of a vesicle that is transported through a circular tube in a pressure-driven flow. First, we investigate typical vesicle shapes, different lateral migration modes, and flow structure onto vesicle membrane versus three independent dimensionless parameters, namely, the reduced volume, the confinement, and the (bending) capillary number. Shape transitions and the phase diagram of stable shapes for several reduced volumes are obtained in the (confinement, capillary number) space, showing an extension of the set of vesicle morphologies and rich vesicle dynamics owing to the intricate interplay among the tube wall, hydrodynamic stresses, and membrane bending. Secondly, we study, via an axisymmetric BEM, the hydrodynamics under high confinements in which the shape of the vesicle is expected to maintain axisymmetry. A particular emphasis is given to the prediction of the vesicle mobility and the extra pressure drop caused due to the presence of the vesicle, the latter having implications in the rheology of a dilute suspension. In addition, based on the numerical results of limiting behavior of quantities of interest near maximal confinement, we give various scaling laws to infer, for example, the vesicle velocity, its length, and the thickness of lubrication film. Finally, we present a coupled, hybrid continuum–coarse-grained model for the study of RBCs in fluid flows. This model is based on a combination of the vesicle model with a network of springs with fixed connectivity, representing the cytoskeleton. Numerical results show that this two-component vesicle–cytoskeleton model isable to extract the mechanical properties of RBCs and predict its dynamics in fluid flows
Briard, Paul. "Caractérisation 3D d'un nuage de particules par imagerie interférométrique de Fourier : positions relatives 3D, tailles et indices de réfraction". Phd thesis, INSA de Rouen, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00846098.
Testo completoBoufendi, Laïfa. "Origine et comportement d'un nuage dense de particules submicroniques dans une decharge : radiofrequence en milieu argon-silane basse pression". Orléans, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ORLE2004.
Testo completoBriard, Paul. "Caractérisation 3D d’un nuage de particules par imagerie interférométrique de Fourier : positions relatives 3D, tailles et indices de réfraction". Thesis, Rouen, INSA, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ISAM0023/document.
Testo completoIn this thesis, I propose a new optical technique for measuring 3D relative positions, sizes and refractive indices of a set of particles, which are illuminated by a plane and pulsed laser beam. In this work, the particles are spherical, transparent, homogeneous and isotropic. When these particles are illuminated, they have the behavior of sources of spherical light waves which interfere. The recording of interference fringes and analysisby Fourier transform can measure the characteristics of the particles. I describe the influence of particle characteristics on spectral representations of the interference fringes created by the pairs of particles illuminated in 2D Fourier space. The interference fringes are simulated numerically using the Lorenz-Mietheory. The inverse problem is approached by showing how it is possible to measure the characteristics of particles with geometrical optics and spatial filtering by Fourier transformation
Bourcier, Lauréline. "Transport et dépôt de particules et radionucléides au puy de Dôme, France". Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00725978.
Testo completoBessagnet, Bertrand. "Modélisation de l'aérosol carboné : cas particulier des particules fractales de combustion". Toulouse 3, 2000. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/3778/.
Testo completoIn the last three decades, industrialized countries have become aware of the risks to the future of our atmosphere if nothing was done to change our behaviours on our environment. In this perspective, the study of the airborne aerosol particles is clearly lagging behind that of the gas phase. Processes are indeed much more complex compared to the gaseous phase: sources, spatial and temporal distributions more localized, necessary treatment of both their particle size and chemistry, heterogeneous chemistry of "imperfect and dirty" surfaces (considering the many chemical species present in the atmosphere), integration of the chemical characteristics into their composition of the various media encountered during their transport, etc. . . Measurement networks are only just starting to implement particles into their strategy and air quality index (ATMO index in France); standards such as PM2. 5 (mass of particles smaller than 2. 5 μm) or PM10 have been then defined. The first part of this research work is devoted to a bibliographic synthesis on the carbonaceous aerosol; an analysis of its composition, structure and physico-chemical behaviour is discussed. This section introduces a second chapter, dedicated to the development and presentation of numerical tools to describe all chemical and microphysical processes involved. The formation of condensable secondary species is particularly discussed, they are produced by photooxidation in the atmosphere (gas / particle transfers). An innovative aerosol modelling approach, considering particle morphology, is proposed. Indeed, the scientific community has described up to now the different processes assuming spherical particles. Although this approach is classic for the formulation of processes, it seemed important to introduce a fractal morphology parameter into the description of these processes. Indeed, we see that the gas / particle exchange surface is of major importance for heterogeneous chemistry processes (absorption, surface catalysis, etc. ). The fractal dimension parameter thus makes it possible to quantify the surface / volume ratio of particles. The importance of mobile sources contribution on the total load of particulate matter in urban areas has driven us to study the evolution of particles emitted by a single vehicle. In actual emission conditions, the fractal particle model tracks the evolution of the particles (compositions, sizes, etc…) from the exhaust pipe to the ambient environment. We observe that combustion particles are particularly well described by the fractal approach. Sensitivity analyses are presented. The impact of the sulphur content of fuels is analysed, which will explain the outbreak of nanoparticles at the exhaust, phenomenon observed by some authors. Due to these adverse effects on catalytic systems, sulphur is involved in future fuel regulations by 2004 in Europe and the United States
Dorogan, Kateryna. "Schémas numériques pour la modélisation hybride des écoulements turbulents gaz-particules". Phd thesis, Aix-Marseille Université, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00820978.
Testo completoMac, Thi-Bich-Ngoc. "Modélisation des suspensions de particules actives : application à la motilité séminale". Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2581/.
Testo completoIn this thesis wc study collective motions of self-propelled particles. This work consists of three parts. In the first part, we consider an lndividual-Based Model for self-rotating particles interacting through local alignment and investigate its macroscopic Iimit. We study the mean-field kinetic and hydrodynamic limits of this system within two different scalings. In the small angular velocity regime, the resulting model is a slight modification of the " Self-Organised Hydrodynamic " model which has been previously inltroduced by Degond and Motsch. In the large angular velocity Case, the macroscopic model obtained is more complex. A preliminary study of the linearized stability is proposed. In the second part, we study a macroscopic model for a system of self-propelled particles which interact with their neighbors via alignment and repulsion. We provide a numerical validation of the continuum model by comparison with the particle model. The existence of local solutions of this macroscopic model is also studied. The last part concerns experimental investigation of collective behavior of simple robots in a confined ring
Nje, Nje Christian. "Etude numérique de l'évaporation instationnaire d'un nuage de gouttes multicomposants". Rouen, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ROUES022.
Testo completoHelbling, Marc. "Sculpture virtuelle par système de particules". Thesis, Rouen, INSA, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ISAM0030/document.
Testo completo3D is emerging as a new media. Its widespread adoption requires the implementation of userfriendly tools to create and manipulate three-dimensional shapes. Current softwares heavily rely on underlying shape modeling, usually a surfacic one, and are then often counter-intuitive orlimiting. Our objective is the design of an approach alleviating those limitations and allowing the user to only focus on the process of creating forms. Drawing inspiration from the ancient use of clay,we propose to model a material in a lagrangian description. A shape is described by a particles system, where each particle represents a small fraction of the total volume of the shape. In this framework, the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics method enables to approximate physical values anywhere in space. Relying on this method, we propose a modeling of material with two levels, one level representing the topology and the other one describing local geometry of the shape.The SPH method especially enables to evaluate a density of matter. We use this property todefine an implicit surface based on the physical properties of the particles system to reproduce the continuous aspect of matter. Those virtual materials can then be manipulated locally through interactions reproducing the handling of dough in the real world or through global shape deformation. Our approach is demonstrated by several prototypes running either on typical desktop workstation or in immersive environment system
Olynyk, Thierry. "Coefficients de transport de particules browniennes en solution : approche expérimentale et modélisation". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00146787.
Testo completoNous avons comparé ces méthodes pour trois électrolytes en solution aqueuse : le tungtosilicate de sodium avec ou sans sulfate de sodium ajouté, les chlorures de cryptate de potassium et de baryum ; le chlorure de potassium.
La voltammétrie à signaux carrés de potentiel a permis de mesurer le coefficient d'autodiffusion de l'ion tungstosilicate. La RMN impulsionnelle avec gradient de champ a été le moyen de mesurer le coefficient d'autodiffusion des cryptates. La conductivité a été mesurée classiquement par une cellule conductimétrique,
Les systèmes ont été modélisés et leurs propriétés simulées par dynamique brownienne dont les principes sont exposés. Nous montrons comment il est possible d'obtenir les différents coefficients de transport, en particulier le coefficient de diffusion mutuelle qui n'avait pas été calculé jusque là par cette méthode.
Nous avons montré que l'ion tungstosilicate était un bon modèle de particule brownienne et avons déterminé son coefficient d'autodiffusion à dilution infinie en solution aqueuse. Les ions cryptate sont plus difficiles à modéliser. Le calcul du coefficient de diffusion mutuelle par dynamique brownienne a fourni un résultat correct pour le système simple chlorure de potassium et pourrait être étendu à des systèmes plus complexes.
Raffort, Valentin. "Modélisation des particules : Participation à Eurodelta et étude au voisinage d'une raffinerie". Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1178/document.
Testo completoEulerian Chemical-Transport Models (CTM) simulate the formation of atmospheric pollutants in gridded domain with horizontal resolutions that are usually of the order of several kilometers. Industrial plumes emitted from elevated stacks with initial dimensions of a few meters are, therefore, artificially diluted in those grid cells, thereby deteriorating the representation of their potential impact on local air quality. A Plume-in-Grid modeling approach may be used to improve the representation of industrial plumes. The Polyphemus Plume-in-Grid model treats point source emissions with a Gaussian puff model, dynamically interacting with an Eulerian model. This approach allows one to model air quality at several scales (regional to continental) while ensuring a good representation of industrial plumes from local to continental scales.In this thesis, the Polyphemus Plume-in-Grid model has been improved by integrating a finer representation of the particle size distribution. Several studies were also conducted in order to further the model performance evaluation at various scales. This thesis consists of two main parts.The first part covers the evaluation of the Polyphemus Eulerian model at the continental scale, in the context of the Eurodelta model intercomparison project. The current phase of Eurodelta consists in studying pollution trends at the European scale over the past two decades and the sensitivity of those trends to meteorology, European emissions, and extra-European emissions (represented in the models by the boundary conditions). In this context, the performance statistics of the Polyphemus Eulerian model are evaluated in comparison to seven other CTM. This thesis focuses principally on secondary organic aerosol (SOA) modeling, and their sensitivity to various parameterizations used in the participating CTM.The second part presents applications of the Polyphemus Plume-in-Grid modelto different field measurement campaigns. The first campaign focuses on the month of April 2013, in the vicinity of the Total refinery of Grandpuits, Seine-et-Marne. Model performance is evaluated at the regional scale, with the refinery sources treated with the Plume-in-Grid representation. The refinery contribution to local respirable particle concentrations, in interaction with local sources, is analyzed. Next, the model is applied to two measurement campaigns of the TEMMAS project (“TEledetection, Measure, Modeling of Atmospheric pollutants on industrial sites”), conducted in the vicinity of the Total refinery at La Mède, Bouches-du-Rhône, in September 2015 and February 2016. The performance of the Polyphemus Plume-in-Grid model is evaluated with intensive measurements of mass concentrations, number concentrations, and chemical composition of particles in the vicinity of the refinery
Lefebvre, Aline. "Modélisation numérique d'écoulements fluide-particules : prise en compte des forces de lubrification". Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112298.
Testo completoThis PhD thesis is made of three parts. In the first one, we present a method to simulate fluid/particle flows. We show that the penalty method, combined to a time discretization performed using the method of characteristics leads to a generalized Stokes variational formulation. Numerical tests are implemented with FreeFem++ to study the convergence. We also present three examples using this method. In the second part we propose a model to take into account lubrication forces in direct simulations of fluid/particle flows. We first present a "viscous contact" model in the plane/particle case, obtained as the vanishing viscosity limit of the lubrication model. Then, we describe an algorithm based on a projection of the velocities, at each time step, over a set of admissible velocities. Next, we prove the convergence of the scheme and generalize the algorithm to the multi-particle case. We also present an example of object oriented programming of it. In the last part, we consider a discrete system of spheres (chain in 1D) interacting through a lubrication force. The microscopic model relies on the development of that force at small distance. We propose a macroscopic constitutive equation, of Newtonian type, which relies on an elongational viscosity which is proportional to the reciprocal of the local fluid fraction. We establish the convergence of the microscopic model towards the solution of the proposed macroscopic model
Laporte, Patrice. "Modélisation et analyse du transport des particules dans un plasma de Tokamak". Aix-Marseille 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX22038.
Testo completoKimbonguila, Manounou Adolphe. "Modélisation discrète de la microstructure des agglomérats de particules fines en suspension". Thesis, Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL10112/document.
Testo completoThe agglomeration of fines leads to a significant increase in water demand of cement mixtures and hinders the valorization of by-products containing high fines proportions. A discrete modeling of the microstructure of fine particles agglomerates is developed. The model takes into account contact forces, physico-chemical, and hydrodynamic forces computed with the free draining approximation. The agglomeration, fragmentation and restructuring process of fractal agglomerates of fine mineral particles under shear is studied to quantify the entrapped water in the flocs. A loose initial agglomerate isolated is submitted to a constant shear rate. When the hydrodynamic forces predominate over the adhesive forces, the parent agglomerate is broken up into secondary agglomerates until reaching a steady state, where the number, size and structure of flocs can be considered constant. The influence of the velocity gradient, the physico-chemical context, particles size and their polydispersity on the microstructural characteristics of flocs at steady state is studied. It is shown that the behavior of a monodisperse dilute suspensions can be described by a dimensionless single number involving maximum cohesion force, particle size and velocity gradient
Patiño-Palacios, Gaspar. "Modélisation numérique eulérienne des écoulements gaz-solide avec plusieurs espèces de particules". Toulouse, INPT, 2007. https://hal.science/tel-04567747.
Testo completoSimulations carried on the code Saturne_polyphasique@Tlse, allowed to confirm the feasibility of approach CFD for the hydrodynamic study of the injectors and dense fluidized beds. The stages of validation concern, on the one hand, the placement of the tool for simulation in its current state to make studies of validation and sensitivity of the models and to compare the numerical results with the experimental data. In addition, the development of the new physical model and their establishments in the code Saturne will allow the optimization of the industrial process. To carry out this validation in a satisfactory way, a key simulation is made, in particular injectors as well as the fluidization of a column composed of solid particles. Numerical calculations were compared with the experimental data available and showed a satisfactory reproductibility of the hydrodynamic prediction of the flows multiple phases. The results of these studies make it possible to consider the insertion of the new models and to characterize the complexity of the configurations to make robust the code