Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Modèles tumoraux précliniques"
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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Modèles tumoraux précliniques":
Granier, Clémence, Alain Gey, Charles Dariane, Arnaud Mejean, Marc-Olivier Timsit, Charlotte Blanc, Virginie Verkarre et al. "Tim-3". médecine/sciences 34, n. 3 (marzo 2018): 231–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/20183403011.
Chanal, M., D. De Alcubierre, J. B. Langlois, R. Bolbos e P. Bertolino. "Nouveau modèle préclinique pour l’étude des mécanismes de progression tumorale des adénomes hypophysaires et de leur réponse à des traitements thérapeutiques longitudinaux". Annales d'Endocrinologie 84, n. 5 (ottobre 2023): 513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ando.2023.07.039.
Bertho, A., M. Dos Santos, A. François e F. Milliat. "Radiobiologie des très fortes doses par fraction : connaissances en 2020 et nouvelles modélisations précliniques". Radioprotection, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/radiopro/2020072.
Tesi sul tema "Modèles tumoraux précliniques":
Colombo, Pierre-Emmanuel. "Nouveaux vecteurs polymères et modèles expérimentaux en vue de la délivrance intrapéritonéale prolongée d’agents anti tumoraux dans le traitement des cancers de l’ovaire". Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON1T003.
Ovarian carcinoma is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy. The aim of this PhD thesis was to develop new therapeutic approaches based on novel synthetic macromolecular drug delivery systems for intraperitoneal chemotherapy. These objectives were limited by the requirement of reliable tumor models for experimental studies. After a concise review of knowledge published in the literature, the potential interest of the establishment of a collection of tumor grafts derived from samples of human tumors is examined in a second chapter. Data show that the major phenotypic and genotypic features of the original tumors are maintained in the xenografts. They also confirm the importance of this tumor model to test new drugs and to analyze intratumoral heterogeneity and oligoclonality in primary ovarian carcinoma. The collection will be also helpful to study the mechanisms leading to disease recurrences and resistance to chemotherapies. An example of drug delivery system based on the different associations of a model chemotherapeutic drug (doxorubicin) with a bioresorbable macromolecular vector, namely poly(L-lysine citramide), is addressed in a third chapter. Direct amid linkage in the first conjugate was too stable with respect to antitumoral cytotoxicity desired after in vivo administration and different systems were generated subsequently to increase drug release in tumor deposits. The best results were obtained with a hydrazone cleavable spacer containing an ester group. To overcome the complexity of these conjugates, a novel strategy based on doxorubicin entrapment in a synthetic gelatin made of (poly(N-acryloyl glycinamide) is developed. This strategy should allow physical temporary entrapment of different drug molecules in a adhesive gel and could provide new solutions to the therapeutic challenges of intraperitoneal administration
Nader, Joëlle. "Modèles précliniques d’étude du mésothéliome : application à l’évaluation de la virothérapie anti-tumorale in vivo". Thesis, Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NANT1043/document.
As a PhD student, I worked in parallel on two complementary subjects. The first one concerned the study of the interactions between tumor cells and their microenvironment in four models of rat malignant mesothelioma (MM), differing in both their immune infiltrate and their metastatic potential. Histological analyses of stroma, together with proteomic analyses and expression of different cytokines, chemokines and growth factors, led us to the identification of three stages of increasing invasiveness, associated with quantitative changes in many proteins and a decreased immune infiltrate. The most invasive tumor was characterized by immunosuppression with a specific molecular profile increasing the metastatic potential. The second topic was the evaluation of the efficacy of anti-tumor virotherapy, based on the use of the Schwarz strain of measles virus (MV) and its variant MV-ΔC for the treatment of MM. Both viruses induced tumor regressions in NOD SCID mice transplanted with two human MM cell lines, but MV-ΔC amplified this effect by inducing faster cell death, as revealed by a marked reduction of the tumor mass. This apoptotic potential is associated, in vitro, with an increased production of the danger signal HMGB1 and the synthesis of a large amount of viral double-stranded RNA. These MV-ΔC-infected cells are also capable of promoting the maturation of dendritic cells through viral replication and activation of the Protein Kinase R. This characterization of new immunocompetent models and novel promising therapeutic strategies may lead to better clinical management of patients with mesothelioma
Baka, Zakaria. "Élaboration de cancers sur puce pour des applications en thérapies anticancéreuses". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LORR0175.
Ovarian cancer is a major public health issue. Moreover, new treatments still face very high failure rates. This is mainly due to the unreliability of conventional preclinical models such as 2D cell culture. Thus, new tools based on 3D cell culture have emerged such as spheroids and organoids. However, these models have their own limitations (cost, difficulty of application). 3D bioprinting is a new approach to create tunable and reproducible tumor models. However, very few bioprinted tumor models have been reported so far. Besides the “third dimension”, it is important to consider the dynamic conditions of the tumor environment. This has been possible for some years now thanks to microfluidics-based cancer-on-a-chip technology. However, this technology currently does not simulate the drug vascular transport before its interaction with the tumor cells. In this PhD project, we set out to create a dynamic, three-dimensional model of ovarian cancer by combining 3D bioprinting and microfluidics. First, 3D bioprinting was used to create the tumor structure itself. For that, we formulated a bio-ink comprising SKOV-3 ovarian cancer cells and MeWo cancer fibroblasts embedded in a gelatin – alginate hydrogel. The bioprinted tumor structures were then characterized by various techniques to demonstrate their viability and biological relevance. Their response to anticancer drug cisplatin was also assessed. In the second step, we integrated the bioprinted tumor model into a microfluidic support for culture under physiological flow. This support was also intended to simulate the drug's vascular transport prior to interaction with the tumor tissue. We then used computational fluid dynamics to design an improved version of the first system. The aim of this improved version was to simultaneously assess multiple drug concentrations. This PhD project demonstrated the ability of 3D bioprinting to create viable and functional ovarian tumor models. It has also brought interesting research prospects with regard to the possibilities of combining 3D bioprinting and microfluidics to improve preclinical modeling of ovarian tumors
Joalland, Noémie. "Immunothérapie anti-tumorale par transfert adoptif de LT Vγ9Vδ2 : utilisation préclinique de LT Vγ9Vδ2 humains allogéniques en immunothérapie anti-tumorale dans des modèles murins de xénogreffes orthotopiques". Thesis, Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NANT1031/document.
Cancer is a pathology characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of tumor cells. Despite many technological advances in terms of screening, medical imaging, surgery and treatments, cancer is still a therapeutic challenge. In recent years, development of immunotherapies, such as adoptive cell transfer, has been the aim of many studies. Vγ9Vδ2 T lymphocytes are interesting immune effectors because of their numerous effector functions and their nonalloreactivity. In fact, their targets recognition is not restricted to the major histocompatibility complex, so it is possible to create allogeneic Vγ9Vδ2 T cell banks that could be used to treat patients without risk of allogeneic reaction against the host. Moreover, this recognition can be induced by pharmacological molecules such as zoledronate. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the therapeutically efficacy of allogeneic human Vγ9Vδ2 T lymphocytes in preclinical mouse models of orthotopic xenografts. Two models have been developed: (i) a model of epithelial ovarian cancer including standard treatment of patients by surgery and chemotherapy, followed by relapse with peritoneal carcinosis ; (ii) a model of glioblastoma multiforme based on intracranial injection of primary tumor cells. Thus, the therapeutically efficacy of adoptive transfer of allogeneic human Vγ9Vδ2 T lymphocytes, whether or not associated with zoledronate, has been demonstrated in several preclinical models, paving the way for clinical transfer
Cohen, Charlotte. "La Fractalkine (FKN) comme traitement des métastases osseuses de CNPC au sein d’une stratégie multimodale : une étude préclinique sur un modèle murin". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COAZ6030.
In France, about 50 000 new cases of lung cancer are diagnosed every year. Sixty percent of them are already metastatic. Bone localizations are described in 20 to 40% of cases and they are associated with poor survival (5 to 10 % at 5 years) and impaired quality of life. New therapeutic options are mandatory to improve survival and functional prognosis.A chemokine, the fractalkine (FKN), represents a promising one. It is known for its capacity of leukocytes recruitment and its impact on the bone metabolism. It could be able to restore anti-tumor immunity and to act on osteolysis, when delivered locally. The impact on tumor development is highly complex and depends on the expression of its receptor by tumor cells, its molecular form, the location of the lesion, and the tumor type.We first planned to determine the impact of the FKN on the tumor development within a syngeneic murine model of bone metastasis of lung cancer, using either LL2 lung cancer cell line expressing a low (LL2-FKNlo) or a high level of FKN (LL2-FKNhi).FKN had an anti-tumoral effect, able to reduce the tumor-weight by 73% in the LL2-FKNhi groups, compared to LL2-FKNlo one, at day 14. High level of expression of FKN was associated with an increase in the recruitment of inflammatory monocytes, natural killer cells, and more specifically B lymphocytes (LB). Together, they formed an immunopermissive tumoral microenvironment. We also noted significant modification of expression level of genes involved in osteoformation and regulation of immunity.The FKN anti-tumor effect tended to decrease after day 14. At the same time, we quoted a high level of infiltration of LL2-FKNhi tumors by T regulatory lymphocytes (LTreg). We suspected their implication in this loss of effect.We tried therapeutic associations, able to stimulate anti-tumor immunity through immune checkpoint blockade (monoclonal antibody against CTLA4, PD1, PDL1, or TIM3) or to block LTreg (cyclophosphamide, anti-GITR antibody) in association with high FKN expression. The goal was to prolong and/or to reinforce its anti-tumoral effect.To date, the used administration protocols weren’t able to induce such an effect. Other protocols need to be tested.This work highlighted an anti-tumoral effect of FKN in this murine model of bone metastasis of lung cancer and identified the underlying mechanisms. It pointed out new therapeutics associations options based on the anti-tumoral implication of LB, and pro-tumoral action of LTreg
M'Rabet, Manel. "Identification d'un nouveau biomarqueur, facteur pronostic et cible dans le cancer du sein triple négatif & développement préclinique d'une thérapie ciblée sur l'utilisation d'anticorps monoclonaux conjugués". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0204.
Nectin-4 has been identified as a breast and ovarian biomarker at CRCM. Nectin-4 is a celladhesion molecule belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily and is involved in ectodermaldevelopment in human. Nectin-4 has been recently identified as the epithelial receptor for themeasles virus. Together, this work has been rewarded by Inserm in 2012 (Prix del’Innovation). During my thesis, I have characterized nectin-4 as new prognosis biomarker andtherapeutic target in 63% of triple-negatif breast cancer (TNBC) . TNBCs represent 20% ofbreast cancer and are associated with poor prognosis as there is no exisiting targeted therapy.These results open the possibility for Antibody Drug Conjugate (ADC)-based targetedtreatment of primary and advanced TNBCs similar to trastuzumab-emtansine for HER2-positive breast cancers. We selected and validated a monoclonal antibody against nectin-4ectodomain and developed an ADC conjugated to monomethyl auristatin-E (MMAE). Weassessed the therapeutic efficiency of this ADC in vitro and in vivo in localised and metastaticTNBC Patient derived Xenografts (PDXs). In vivo, this ADC induced rapid, complete anddurable responses on nectin-4-positive xenograft TNBC samples including primary tumours,metastatic lesions, and local relapses. This antibody has been humanized, patented and iscurrently under clinical development by a pharmaceutical company testing toxicity and efficacyin cynomolgus monkeys
Sanlaville, Amélien. "Rôle de la réponse immunitaire adaptative anti-tumorale dans l’induction de la transition épithélio-mésenchymateuse". Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1276.
Current clinical challenge in many carcinomas is to reduce the risk of metastasis development and cancer recurrence. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a physiological process during embryogenesis, is a central mechanism in oncogenesis. EMT induction contributes to early transformation and dissemination through inhibition of cellular surveillance (apoptosis and senescence) and increased migrative and invasive behavior. Another necessary hallmark of cancer is the ability of tumor cells to evade immune surveillance, a powerful barrier against tumor progression. But cancer cells enjoy intricate relations with the immune system. Whereas inclination of inflammation and innate immune cells to favor tumor development and immune escape, via EMT induction and immunosuppressive microenvironment maintenance, has been well investigated, the role of adaptive immune response in EMT promotion is understudied. Based on the development of a plastic murine mammary tumor cell line model overexpressing Her2/Neu oncogene, this study demonstrate in vivo that tumor cells keep an epithelial phenotype in adaptive immunodeficient mice but undergo EMT under the pressure of T-cell mediated immune response, characterized by loss of epithelial EpCAM marker and acquisition of mesenchymal features and EMT transcriptomic signature. CD4 T cell depletion but not CD8 restores the epithelial phenotype of tumors, suggesting that CD4 T cells mediate an immune response that could lead ton EMT induction. In return, EMT confers the ability of tumor cells to shape immunity like intra-tumor neutrophil infiltration. This work shed a new light on interactions between tumor cells and immune system
Moquin-Beaudry, Gaël. "Développement de modèles précliniques humanisés autologues en immuno-oncologie". Thèse, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/23539.
Identification of the human’s immune system implication in cancer has guided the biotech industry towards the development of numerous and promising cancer immunotherapies. However, in the era of immuno-oncology, a distinct lack preclinical models can simulate the interactions between a patient’s tumor and immune cells. To tackle this issue, we developed humanized mouse models combining immune reconstitution of immunodeficient mice and injection of tumor cells lines from the same human donor. The use of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) allowed the generation of multiple tumorigenic cell lines from a single donor, facilitating access to autologous immune cells necessary for mouse immune humanization. The transformation of primary or iPSC-derived cell lines was done using lentiviral transduction of proto-oncogenes telomerase (hTERT), oncogenic Ras (HRASV12) and simian virus 40 early region (SV40ER) encoding large and small T antigens (LgT and SmT). This approach allowed to generate high grade, aggressive and undifferentiated tumors from primary fibroblasts and iPSC-derived hepatic cells, neural stem cells and astrocytes. In all cases, such tumors were efficiently recognized, infiltrated and often rejected by the implanted autologous immune system. However, partial rejection of most tumors allows for preclinical evaluation of targeted immunotherapies relying on the hosts’ pre-existing immune response. For instance, we could study the impact of PD-1 checkpoint blockade inhibition on tumor growth in fibroblastic tumors where a significant increase in tumor infiltration was observed, but without an associated decrease in tumor burden. We could also produce autologous chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-expressing T lymphocytes against GD2 ganglioside, a previously described tumor antigen detected on our neural stem cell-derived tumor cells. Cytotoxic efficiency of these autologous CAR T cells could thus be validated in vitro. Finally, we used our fibroblast-derived tumor models in autologous and allogeneic settings to determine if mesenchymal stem cells’ (MSC) immunomodulatory potential could impact tumor growth. Our results showed that MSC had no effect neither on tumor emergence and growth nor on immune infiltration, suggesting therapeutic use of these cells should be safe regarding such tumors already harboring a strongly immunodeficient microenvironment. Overall, the novel models described in this thesis aim at improving the predictive capacity of mouse pre-clinical models in immuno-oncology by recapitulating some immune interactions between a patient and its tumor. The great flexibility of this approach will allow for easy adaptation to many research problematics both preclinical and fundamental.