Tesi sul tema "Modèles thermiques de bâtiments"
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Royer, Sullivan. "Modélisation de bâtiments et de leurs zones thermiques : vers une procédure générique". Perpignan, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PERP1253.
Testo completoVogt, Wu Tingting. "Formalisme des impédances thermiques généralisées : application à la caractérisation thermique de parois de bâtiments". Thesis, Artois, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ARTO0207/document.
Testo completoThe research is relative to the diagnosis of building energy by developing tools and non destructive testing procedures based on heat transfer. The objective of this work is to study the thermal behavior of walls constituting the building envelope, namely to identify the main thermal characteristics (thermal conductivity, volumetric heat...) and the phenomena of phase stresses in laboratory and in situ conditions. The instrumentation is based on the use of heat flux sensor thaht is specific and innovative, it is associated with procedures for data processing in the frequency domain (thermal impedance), based both on models and studies sensitivities to different parameters induced by experimental procedure. Beyond the regulatory objectives, it is necessary to estimate the influence of the implementation of the components of the walls but also the evolution of their thermal characteristics depending on the micro-climate disturbance (changes in water content). The characterization is based on laboratory measurements, "classic" on samples of materials of small dimensions (few dm²), but also on walls reconstituted medium size (several square meters). Finally the results are compared with measurements made in situ on existing buildings for a full year with the seasons
Dautin, Sophie. "Réduction de modèles thermiques de bâtiments : amélioration des techniques par modélisation des sollicitations météorologiques". Poitiers, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997POIT2326.
Testo completoLucas, Franck. "Développement et validation de modèles thermo-hydriques dans les bâtiments : influence de la condensation et des systèmes de traitement d'air couplés aux bâtiments". La Réunion, 2001. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/01_24_Lucas.pdf.
Testo completoBontemps, Stéphanie. "Validation expérimentale de modèles : application aux bâtiments basse consommation". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0337/document.
Testo completoConstruction of low, passive and positive energy buildings is generalizing and existing buildings are being renovated. For this reason, it is essential to use simulation in order to estimate, among other things, energy and environmental performances reached by these new buildings. Expectations regarding guarantee of energy performance being more and more important, it is crucial to ensure the reliability of simulation tools being used. Indeed, simulation codes should reflect the behavior of these new kinds of buildings in the most consistent and accurate manner. Moreover, the uncertainty related to design parameters, as well as solicitations and building uses have to be taken into account in order to guarantee building energy performance during its lifetime.This thesis investigates the empirical validation of models applied to a test cell building. This validation process is divided into several steps, during which the quality of the model is evaluated as far as consistency and accuracy are concerned. Several study cases were carried out, from which we were able to identify the most influential parameters on model output, inspect the influence of time step on the empirical validation process, analyze the influence of initialization and confirm methodology’s ability to test the model
Mejri, Olfa. "Développement de méthodes de diagnostic énergetique des bâtiments". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14248/document.
Testo completoThis study concerns the identification of dynamic models for performance evaluation and energy diagnosis of existing buildings. The work of this PhD takes place in a context of energy conservation and energy efficiency which are of essential interest today. We are dealing with occupied office buildings but relatively well instrumented. We have hourly measurements of outdoor temperature, solar radiation, heating power, electrical power and indoor air temperature. The aim is to propose a methodological approach to quantify the energy performance of building envelope from the available data, on the one hand, and to recommend ways to improve them, on the other. Major steps of the process evaluation / diagnosis given for the most fits with those of a standard procedure of identification: a) preliminary analysis of available data, b) choice of mathematical structures for well describing the building behavior c) model estimation and validation, and operation of the model for evaluation and diagnosis. With the results obtained by a first approach "black box" we make a tentative of detailed diagnosis based on physical building model ("white box")
Oulefki, Abdelhakim. "Réduction de modèles thermiques par amalgame modal". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1993. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00523620.
Testo completoSchreck, Cédric. "Modélisation statistique des transferts thermo-aérauliques dans les bâtiments". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Chambéry, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024CHAMA019.
Testo completoThe building must adapt to face future climatic conditions, particularly more frequent, longer, and more intense heatwaves. To ensure the thermal comfort of occupants, natural cooling through window opening constitutes a bioclimatic solution that is carbon-free and energy-free. However, its potential to reduce the need for air conditioning depends on the value of the outdoor air change rate. A reliable estimation of this air change rate could promote the consideration of the benefits provided by natural cooling for new construction, for renovation, or for smart control of openings.The objective of this doctoral research is to develop an in-situ diagnostic method for the air change rate through window opening, in occupied buildings, based on non-intrusive instrumentation. To this end, we implement the tracer gas method, based on the metabolic CO2 production by the occupant. A statistical resolution approach, involving a Kalman filter, has been recently introduced in the literature.We investigate the potential and limitations of such a method through the execution of an experimental campaign in a test residential building. In parallel, we develop a building energy simulation model of the case study, providing a digital test bench for the development of statistical models. A new statistical model formulation is proposed and tested. Finally, once the diagnostics for different window configurations are completed, we calibrate a predictive model of the air change rate, proposing an original approach to account for the impact of wind direction
Ménézo, Christophe. "Contribution à la modélisation du comportement thermique des bâtiments par couplage de modèles réduits". Lyon, INSA, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ISAL0017.
Testo completoIn the field of building• physics, modeling needs to face more and more complex systems. Indeed, improvement in machine resolution capacities follows software improvement. Assisted computation software dedicated to study offices in buildings thermal will soon allow precise processing of important studies. In relation to the diversity of building geometry and their huge space, the ensemble of conduction and radiation phenomenon, combined with heat transfers linked to mass transfers in dynamic behavior, lead to resolution of systems of major complexity. This led us to set up reduction tools of state models in order to get a compromise between precision and availability in computation capacities. Characterization of thermal coupling mechanisms is indispensable for reducing computation time. This approach drives to a decomposition of the building system in thermal elementary components and allows local models reduction. Based on a modal analysis, the reducing techniques, originating from automation field, fit well with linear models associated with conduction phenomenon. This work mainly deals with reduction models associated with buildings' envelop. Two strategies of coupling with the other heat transfer modes are then studied as a function of modeling level. The strategy allowing the integration of non-linear limit conditions of local models is validated with the energetic behavior of an experimental cell to scale. This work opens perspectives for the integration of simplified models of mass transfers (zonal models), in the general calculation codes dedicated to the global comportment of buildings
Boyer, Harry. "Conception thermo-aéraulique de bâtiments multizones. Proposition d'un outil à choix multiple des modèles". Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 1993. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00757022.
Testo completoMiranville, Frédéric. "Contribution à l'étude des parois complexes en physique du bâtiment : modélisation, expérimentation et validation expérimentale de complexes de toitures incluant des produits minces réfléchissants en climat tropical humide". La Réunion, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00463069/fr/.
Testo completoGarde, François. "Validation et développement d'un modèle thermo-aéraulique de bâtiments en climatisation passive et active : intégration multimodèle de systèmes". La Réunion, 1997. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/97_03_Garde.pdf.
Testo completoMiranville, Frédéric. "Contribution à l'Etude des Parois Complexes en Physique du Bâtiment : Modélisation, Expérimentation et Validation Expérimentale de Complexes de Toitures incluant des Produits Minces Réfléchissants en climat tropical humide". Phd thesis, Université de la Réunion, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00463069.
Testo completoOuhsaine, Lahoucine. "Modélisation et simulation de l’intégration des systèmes combinés PV-thermiques aux bâtiments basée sur une approche d’ordre réduit en représentation d’état". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0259.
Testo completoThis thesis consists to develop a simplified model approach for Photovoltaic / Thermal (PV / T) combined solar system based on state-space reduced order model. The building integrated solar systems are getting high attention in these last decencies, as well as the performance increasing which require high numerical methods to improve the design and reducing the costs. In one hand, the CFD methods are useful tool to predict the energy (mechanical and thermal) of combined PV/T systems, but it requires an expensive computing capacities and exorbitant calculation times, On the other hand, the PV/T systems can generate both the electrical and thermal flows, and requires an easily and performant optimization model. An alternative is to develop methods that are adapted to the physical problem under consideration, treating the multi-physics aspect while remaining in a reasonable data size and reduced computing time. The first part of the current thesis consists to develop a mathematical model which consists of reducing the dimensions of the governed equations. Based on the symmetry of the geometry, the system is subdivided into control areas which governed by the dimensionless Biot (Bi) and Fourier (Fo) numbers. The obtained results in dynamic mode can provide output key parameters, more particularly the electrical and thermal efficiencies and the dissipated hydrodynamic power. The advantage of this approach lies in the simplification of the resulting model, which is represented by a single state-space representation that groups all the physical elements of the system into dynamic mode, i.e. in continuous variation of the boundary condition. This model groups the fundamental variable, which is the temperature, and two type parameters, which are the control parameters and the design parameters. In addition, the reduced order model can be integrated into real-time operation of building-integrated PV / T (BIPV/T) systems in order to support their regulation and management of intervening flows. In order to validate the use of our model, it is necessary to test it for several cases of Building Integrated PV/T systems (BIPV/T). For this, four major configurations were studied and discussed in a linear approach; the found results show a good agreement with experimental works. A second level has been developed as part of our thesis work, which is the non-linearity in combined PV / T and BIPV/T systems; in particular, bilinear models have been developed with the same strategy which best models the thermal behavior in BIPV/T systems. The second issue, related to Multi-physics aspect. Furthermore, in order to evaluate the sensitivity of the parameters, a parametric optimization has been made with dimensionless numbers. However, parametric optimization studies remain limited and insufficient because of the single-objective resolution of the optimization problem, whereas our system manifests a mixed and multi-physics behavior with contradictory nature. To do this, a multi-objective optimization is introduced with three objective functions using the NSGA-II genetic algorithm. The originality of our method is to use the algorithm in dynamic mode in order to choose the design of the optimal system. The found results can contribute to the design of BIPV/T systems and optimize their operation
Ouhsaine, Lahoucine. "Modélisation et simulation de l’intégration des systèmes combinés PV-thermiques aux bâtiments basée sur une approche d’ordre réduit en représentation d’état". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0259.
Testo completoThis thesis consists to develop a simplified model approach for Photovoltaic / Thermal (PV / T) combined solar system based on state-space reduced order model. The building integrated solar systems are getting high attention in these last decencies, as well as the performance increasing which require high numerical methods to improve the design and reducing the costs. In one hand, the CFD methods are useful tool to predict the energy (mechanical and thermal) of combined PV/T systems, but it requires an expensive computing capacities and exorbitant calculation times, On the other hand, the PV/T systems can generate both the electrical and thermal flows, and requires an easily and performant optimization model. An alternative is to develop methods that are adapted to the physical problem under consideration, treating the multi-physics aspect while remaining in a reasonable data size and reduced computing time. The first part of the current thesis consists to develop a mathematical model which consists of reducing the dimensions of the governed equations. Based on the symmetry of the geometry, the system is subdivided into control areas which governed by the dimensionless Biot (Bi) and Fourier (Fo) numbers. The obtained results in dynamic mode can provide output key parameters, more particularly the electrical and thermal efficiencies and the dissipated hydrodynamic power. The advantage of this approach lies in the simplification of the resulting model, which is represented by a single state-space representation that groups all the physical elements of the system into dynamic mode, i.e. in continuous variation of the boundary condition. This model groups the fundamental variable, which is the temperature, and two type parameters, which are the control parameters and the design parameters. In addition, the reduced order model can be integrated into real-time operation of building-integrated PV / T (BIPV/T) systems in order to support their regulation and management of intervening flows. In order to validate the use of our model, it is necessary to test it for several cases of Building Integrated PV/T systems (BIPV/T). For this, four major configurations were studied and discussed in a linear approach; the found results show a good agreement with experimental works. A second level has been developed as part of our thesis work, which is the non-linearity in combined PV / T and BIPV/T systems; in particular, bilinear models have been developed with the same strategy which best models the thermal behavior in BIPV/T systems. The second issue, related to Multi-physics aspect. Furthermore, in order to evaluate the sensitivity of the parameters, a parametric optimization has been made with dimensionless numbers. However, parametric optimization studies remain limited and insufficient because of the single-objective resolution of the optimization problem, whereas our system manifests a mixed and multi-physics behavior with contradictory nature. To do this, a multi-objective optimization is introduced with three objective functions using the NSGA-II genetic algorithm. The originality of our method is to use the algorithm in dynamic mode in order to choose the design of the optimal system. The found results can contribute to the design of BIPV/T systems and optimize their operation
Rabouille, Mickael. "Recherche de la performance en simulation thermique dynamique : application à la réhabilitation des bâtiments". Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENA024/document.
Testo completoThe building sector is evolving and has to meet the current environmental issues in both new construction and rehabilitation. The thermal simulation provides the mean to address this problem, but the estimated performance is limited to a specific set of parameters that have been defined. This thesis proposes a methodology based on the increased computing power to assess the building behaviour on different ranges of the inputs variation. Depending on the properties allocated to them, the changes of the variations will allow to seek solutions to restore or to assess the uncertainty in the outputs of the thermal model. To achieve this, effective sensitivity analysis methods are used across an analysis tool specifically developed for the simulation software EnergyPlus. This tool allows an almost automatic evaluation of the energy model building thanks to the proven sampling techniques such as LHS and LP-Tau; the efficient analysis techniques like RBD-FAST and RBD-SOBOL in order to reduce the number of simulations; an advanced management of the inputs and the outputs for a detailed assessment of the building regardless of its geometry. The sensitivity analysis techniques are used to provide an accurate picture of these key relationships within the model. To meet the constraints of the computational cost, the search for a solution is achieved through a metamodel from a Polynomial Chaos Expansion PCE. A GUI uses the approximation of the complex model of the building to provide instantly a clear vision of the behaviour of each entry on the outputs, their trends and their ideal ranges of variation to choose solutions. It is possible to couple the search for a solution to the uncertainty analysis to provide robust solutions and identify the main reason for the gap between simulation and reality. The methodology of the PhD work promotes the optimization of the model understanding more than looking for a specific solution. The purpose of the approach is to provide analytical tools to assist the expert in the search for a solution and so, develop graphical representations that facilitate the understanding of the building system for a gain in transparency and integration of many design constraints
Denguir, Afef. "Modèle de performance agrégée et raisonnement approché pour l’optimisation de la consommation énergétique et du confort dans les bâtiments". Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20026/document.
Testo completoThe present work is part of the FUI RIDER project (Research for IT Driven Energy efficiency). It aims to develop an energy management system that has to be weakly dependent on building's specificities in order to be easily deployed in different kinds of buildings. This work proposes a new approach based on the thermal comfort concept in order to reduce energy costs. This approach takes advantage of the thermal comfort concept in order to compute new optimized setpoints for the building energy control system. It relies on the idea that thermal comfort is a subjective multidimensional concept that can be used to reduce energy consumption. The literature provides statistical thermal comfort models but their complexity and non-linearity make them not useful for the control and optimization purposes. Our new thermal comfort model is based on the multi attributes utility theory and Choquet integrals. The advantages of our model are: its interpretability in term of preference relationships, its linearity in simplex regions which simplifies optimization problems' solving, and its compact form which is more tractable than a rule based control formalism. In the second part of this work, the THermal Process Enhancement (THPE) proposes a control system approach to efficiently reach the optimized setpoints provided by the comfort model. The THPE proposes an efficient and simple thermal control approach based on imprecise knowledge of buildings' special features. Its weak data-dependency ensures the scalability and simplicity of our approach. For this, an extended thermal qualitative model (EQM) is proposed. It is based on a qualitative description of influences that actions' parameters may have on buildings' thermal performances. This description results from the mathematical and qualitative analysis of dynamical thermal behaviors. Our thermal qualitative model is then enriched by online collecting and assessing previous thermal control performances. The online learning provides the necessary quantitative information to infer quantified control recommendations from the qualitative tendencies displayed by the EQM. Thus, an approximate reasoning based on the EQM and an online learning coupled with a penalty function provides smart thermal control functionalities. The EQM based approximate reasoning guarantees our control system weak dependency with regard to the building special features as well as its multi-scale applicability and its relevancy even for RIDER's first start when the learning database lacks of information. The performances of our THPE are assessed on various types of control and optimization issues. An optimal control is generally achieved in a few iterations which allows providing an adaptive and individual control of building's rooms
Viot, Hugo. "Modélisation et instrumentation d'un bâtiment et de ses systèmes pour optimiser sa gestion énergétique". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0349/document.
Testo completoThe building sector is forced to reduce its energy consumption in a context of high energy prices and global warming. Proper control of building energy systems can be an important lever to move towards this goal. The main goal of this work is to obtain small size buildings models in order to use it in a controller to improve energy management. The inputs of these models are fed in real-time with available measurements on site. A demonstration building at the IUT Civil Engineering and Sustainable Construction of Bordeaux serves as experimental support for the project. This work consists of four parts. The first one is to make lightweight models based on the electrical analogy and state-space representation to describe the dynamics of the building on upcoming days. The second part concerns the instrumentation of the building because short measurement campaigns are carried out to identify the model parameter values to minimize the gap between model output and measurement. Some sensors are then used for energy management of the building; thus this work also raise the question of the minimum set of sensors. The third address the characterization of the systems used to control air temperature. For an optimal control logic we must be able to link the effect of the command on the interest variable (air temperature). The demonstration building includes two heating systems : floor heating system (FHS) and fan coil units (FC). A dual flow air handling unit (AHU) is used for air renewal. The last part concerns energy management with the use of a predictive controller boarding one of the identified models. This project intends to anticipate the control of long time response capacitive systems as floor heating through knowledge of future disturbances on a prediction horizon of a few hours (occupation, weather). A reactive control is ensured by the fan coil units. Predictive management is compared to more conventional management strategies in simulation and on-site with the demonstrator building. The originality of this work is to propose a method for the establishment of a full control loop (controller/sensor/actuator) and demonstrate an interest in the predictive management of long response time systems in the building sector
Munaretto, Fabio. "Étude de l'influence de l'inertie thermique sur les performances énergétiques des bâtiments". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2014. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-01068784.
Testo completoPark, Herie. "Modélisation dynamique des apports thermiques dus aux appareils électriques en vue d'une meilleure gestion de l'énergie au sein de bâtiments à basse consommation". Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CERG0683/document.
Testo completoThis work proposes a dynamic thermal model of electrical appliances within low energy buildings. It aims to evaluate the influence of thermal gains of these appliances on the buildings and persuades the necessity of dynamic thermal modeling of electrical appliances for the energy management of low energy buildings and the thermal comfort of inhabitants.Since electrical appliances are one of the free internal heat sources of a building, the building which thermally interact with the appliances has to be modeled. Accordingly, a test room which represents a small scale laboratory set-up of a low energy building is first modeled based on the first thermodynamics principle and the thermal-electrical analogy. Then, in order to establish the thermal modeling of electrical appliances, the appliances are classified into four categories from thermal and electrical points of view. After that, a generic physically driven thermal model of the appliances is derived. It is established based also on the first thermodynamics principle. Along with this modeling, the used experimental protocol and the used identification procedure are presented to estimate the thermal parameters of the appliances. In order to analyze the relevance of the proposed generic model applied to practical cases, several electrical appliances which are widely used in residential buildings, namely a monitor, a computer, a refrigerator, a portable electric convection heater, and microwave are chosen to study and validate the proposed generic model and the measurement and identification protocols. Finally, the proposed dynamic thermal model of electrical appliances is integrated into a residential building model which was developed and validated by the French Technical Research Center for Building (CSTB) on a real building. This coupled model of the appliances and the building is implemented in a building energy simulation tool SIMBAD, which is a specific toolbox of Matlab/Simulink®. Through the simulation, thermal behavior and heating energy use of the building are observed during a winter period. In addition, thermal discomfort owing to usages of electrical appliances during a summer period is also studied and quantified.This work therefore provides the quantitative results of thermal effect of differently characterized electrical appliances within a low energy building and leads to observe their thermal dynamics and interactions. Consequently, it permits the energy management of low energy buildings and the thermal comfort of inhabitants in accordance with the usages of electrical appliances
Darakdjian, Quentin. "Prédiction des performances énergétiques des bâtiments avec prise en compte du comportement des usagers". Thesis, La Rochelle, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LAROS015/document.
Testo completoContinuous improvement of the building energy performance is associated with the development of increasingly efficient and accurate numerical tools. While the consideration of phenomena related to buildings, systems and weather is well mastered, occupants’ behaviours are modelled in a very simplified way by repetitive scenarios and deterministic laws. The impact of occupants on energy consumption in high-performance buildings is dominant, as evidenced by the recurring gaps between predicted and measured results. The thesis demonstrates, via a multi-agent platform and stochastic models, an update on the ability to model occupants’ presence, their behaviours on windows, occultation devices, artificial lighting and heating setpoint temperatures. The application of the platform applies to office and residential buildings, for new builds and refurbishments. Occupants’ behaviour models are ideally obtained from in situ surveys, laboratory studies or sociological works. The suggested platform is then co-simulated with the EnergyPlus software, to study the influence of the models on a buildings energy performance. In the perspective of energy performance guarantees, this work contributes to the updating and reliability of prediction tools
Kaboré, Madi. "Enjeux de la simulation pour l'étude des performances énergétiques des bâtiments en Afrique sub-saharienne". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAA001/document.
Testo completoIn sub-Saharan African countries, the energy context, the high urban growth, inadequate construction techniques and climate offer great potential for bio-climatic approach and sustainable construction particularly on the energy level. However, this potential and the use of passive cooling techniques are weakly explored. To do so, it requires a good knowledge of building’s behaviour and their adaptation to the climatic context. As part of our contribution to this issue, a study on the thermal behaviour of buildings is initiated by numerical simulation. Indeed the building’s energy performance simulation tools are becoming more essential in the building’s design processes and analysis. Investigations are conducted on a building built with typical materials in Burkina Faso by following two main approaches. In the first approach a model of the building is faced with measurements from field experiments on the building. A calibration methodology based on the sensitivity analysis and optimization has been applied for the comparison of results. This helped to calibrate the model and diagnostic studies are performed.In the second approach, investigations on methods which can help to improve the building performance are realized through the application building performance simulation as a design aid tool. Interoperability and optimization techniques are used to deal with passive cooling techniques and their impacts on the building thermal behaviour are assessed. Finally in this work analysis techniques and performance criteria are used to characterize and make recommendations on building designs for the tropical climate context
Endravadan, Mala. "Régulation des systèmes de chauffage et de climatisation basée sur la sensation thermique humaine : impact sur la consommation d'énergie dans les bâtiments". Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30003.
Testo completoThe thermal comfort of an individual depends on indoor conditions that can be controlled. However, changes in activity or clothing adjustments are difficult to control and measure in the field experiments. Behavioural actions undertaken by the occupant to overcome the discomfort could be varying and may have diverse consequences. Sometimes these actions are beneficial to the occupant, although often they lead to disastrous amounts of energy consumption. Hence, it becomes crucial to consider the human behaviour and the thermal inertia of the building. The creation of numerical models is useful to study the coupling between these two components and to evaluate the effects of behaviour on comfort and energy consumption. The simulations of the whole system were conducted using TRNSYS software
Ramdani, Nacim. "Validation expérimentale et analyse de signaux : développement d'une méthodologie de comparaison modèle/mesures en thermique du bâtiment". Paris 12, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA120016.
Testo completoAh-Nieme, Arthur. "Étude du vitrage thermochrome soumis au rayonnement solaire en physique du bâtiment". Thesis, La Réunion, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LARE0034.
Testo completoThis thesis deals with the study of thermochromic glazing (TCG) exposed to solar radiation in building physics. This research work is part of the building envelope energy efficiency thematic. Indeed, the TCG, which is an innovative and dynamic technology, has the capacity to modulate its energy transmission according to its own temperature. For tropical areas where there is a large amount of solar energy, this type of glazing can, on its own, significantly reduce the transmission of heat inside buildings while maintaining a sufficient amount of natural light for the comfort of the occupants. The goal is therefore to model the behaviour of the TCG. First of all, a unique experiment in a tropical environment has been set up on a scale 1 experimental cell equipped with a TCG. It was possible to draw several conclusions from the observations: the temperature field of the TCG is sensitive to the absorption of solar radiation and presents a heterogeneous distribution when close masks are present (as in our case). From these experimental observations, an original model was proposed. It is, on one hand, the formulation of the function that governs the variation of the thermo-optical properties as a function of temperature; and on the other hand, a two-dimensional spatial discretisation model on the surface of the TCG taking into account the solicitations of solar radiation and close masks. The 2D model was then implemented in a global building system with the 1D thermal model and the daylighting model. All models have been integrated into PITAYA: Platform for the integrated thermal and daylighting analysis. Finally, the PITAYA models were compared with the measurements from the experiment for validation. The results of the thermal validation show that the model is reliable and accurate. Nevertheless, the results in photometry, which are encouraging, require further improvements to the model
Merheb, Rania. "Fiabilité des outils de prévision du comportement des systèmes thermiques complexes". Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00969036.
Testo completoNabil, Tahar. "Identification de modèle thermique de bâtiment dans un environnement d'objets connectés". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENST, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ENST0001.
Testo completoThis thesis is devoted to the problem of the identification of a thermal model of a smart building, whose connected objects alleviate the lack of measurements of the physical quantities of interest. The first algorithm deals with the estimation of the open-loop building system, despite its actual exploitation in closed loop. This algorithm is then modified to account for the uncertainty of the data. We suggest a closedloop estimation of the building system as soon as the indoor temperature is not measured. Then, we return to open-loop approaches. The different algorithms enable respectively to reduce the possible bias contained in a connected outdoor air temperature sensor, to replace the costly solar flux sensor by another connected temperature sensor, and finally to directly use the total load curve, without disaggregation, by making the most of the On/Off signals of the connected objects
Battaglia, Jean-Luc. "Recherche de modèles simplifiés pour le comportement thermique et hygrométrique d'un bâtiment viticole". Bordeaux 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR10569.
Testo completoRahni, Nadia. "Validation de modèles et variabilité des paramètres : analyses de sensibilité et d'incertitude-procédures d'optimisation : application à des modèles de thermique du bâtiment". Paris 12, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA120017.
Testo completoLelièvre, Dylan. "Simulation numérique des transferts de chaleur et d’humidité dans une paroi multicouche de bâtiment en matériaux biosourcés". Thesis, Lorient, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORIS359/document.
Testo completoIn a context of energy efficiency and durability in the field of building, the understanding of hygrothermal behaviour of building materials, especially hygroscopic ones, is essential. This study aim to understand and model heat and moisture transfers in a multi-layer building wall made of biosourced materials. We focus in particular on hysteretic phenomena observed on sorption isotherms. A one-dimensional numerical model developed with the COMSOL Multiphysics software is used to simulate transient temperature and vapour pressure in three situations. The first one is about the hygrothermal behaviour of materials, highly hygroscopic (hemp concrete) and lowly hygroscopic (lime-based plasters), exposed to several cyclical variations of relative humidity. A good agreement is observed between simulated and measured values of relative humidity, temperature and moisture content. However, results are highly sensitive to hydric properties. Then, a study is performed on an instrumented hemp-concrete wall built in a bi-climatic chamber and exposed to simultaneous temperature and relative humidity variations. The confrontation between measured and simulated values shows the importance of initial moisture content
Lamrani, Moulay Abdellah. "Transferts thermiques et aérauliques à l'intérieur des bâtiments". Nice, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NICE4087.
Testo completoAjib, Balsam. "Data-driven building thermal modeling using system identification for hybrid systems". Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MTLD0006/document.
Testo completoThe building sector is a major energy consumer, therefore, a framework of actions has been decided on by countries worldwide to limit its impact. For implementing such actions, the availability of models providing an accurate description of the thermal behavior of buildings is essential. For this purpose, this thesis proposes the application of a new data-driven technique for modeling the thermal behavior of buildings based on a hybrid system approach. Hybrid systems exhibit both continuous and discrete dynamics. This choice is motivated by the fact that a building is a complex system characterized by nonlinear phenomena and the occurrence of different events. We use a PieceWise AutoRegressive eXogeneous inputs (PWARX) model for the identification of hybrid systems. It is a collection of sub-models where each sub-model is an ARX equation representing a certain configuration in the building characterized by its own dynamics. This thesis starts with a state-of-the-art on building thermal modeling. Then, the choice of a hybrid system approach is motivated by a mathematical interpretation based on the equations derived from an RC thermal circuit of a building zone. This is followed by a brief background about hybrid system identification and a detailed description of the PWARX methodology. For the prediction phase, it is shown how to use the Support Vector Machine (SVM) technique to classify new data to the right sub-model. Then, it is shown how to integrate these models in a hybrid control loop to estimate the gain in the energy performance for a building after insulation work. The performance of the proposed technique is validated using data collected from various test cases
Chami, Nada. "Evaluation de l'impact des isolants minces réfléchissants dans le bâtiment". Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005757.
Testo completoDatcu, Stefan. "Quantification des déperditions thermiques des bâtiments par thermographie infrarouge". Paris 12, 2002. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990002118820204611&vid=upec.
Testo completoThis work is directed towards three principal axes of research: The modelling of coupled heat transfert on building walls, the characterization of the infra-red camera and the research and development of image tools adapted to the infra-red images. The work with thermographic images required the study of image processing tools. We studied various segmentation operators, in order to isolate the different areas present in an IR image. These areas correspond to thermal defects or surfaces with different radiative parameters. By image segmentation, we could fix the real values of the radiative parameters and select the areas corresponding to thermal defects. The camera, used with a 45ʿx34ʿ lens, presents aberrations which imply non-linear hehavior. In order to perform a convolutional analysis, the FOV was sampled on sub-areas where the behavior of the camera is regarded as linear that made possible the estimation ot a transfer function per area. To restore the noisy IR images, regularization techniques were employed. The experimental study was carried ont on a model wall presenting an insulation defect. In order to better include and understand the air flow near the walls surfaces, numerical simulation were performed using Fluent in order to model the air flow around the surface of the wall. The simulation results and measurements of flow and temperature made-it possible to develop a model of radiative exchanges to quantify the radiation emitted by the environment and reflected hy the wall surface, and to develop a nu merical model of natural convection based on the integral method of von Karman Pohlhausen. The values of the total heat lux calculated from IR measurements agree with the results calculated by Fluent
Vorger, Éric. "Étude de l'influence du comportement des habitants sur la performance énergétique du bâtiment". Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENMP0066/document.
Testo completoHuman behaviour is modelled in a simplistic manner in building energy simulation programs. However, it has a considerable impact and is identified as a major explanatory factor of the discrepancy between simulation results and in situ measurements. Occupants influence buildings energy consumption through their presence and activities, the opening/closing of windows, the actions on blinds, the use of artificial lighting and electrical appliances, the choices of temperature setpoints, and the water consumptions. The thesis proposes a model of occupants' behaviour including all these aspects, according to a stochastic approach, for residential and office buildings. Models' development is based on numerous data from measurements campaigns, sociological surveys and from the scientific literature. The proposed model for occupants' behaviour is coupled to the simulation tool Pléiades+COMFIE. By propagating the uncertainties of factors from the occupants' behaviour model and the thermal model (envelope, climate, systems), the simulation results confidence interval can be estimated, opening the way to an energy performance guarantee process
Sambou, Vincent. "Transferts thermiques instationnaires : vers une optimisation de parois de bâtiments". Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/252/.
Testo completoThe objective of this work is to optimize a multilayered wall or an element of alveolar wall in relation to insulation and thermal inertia. We showed that the thermal capacity deducted of the quadruple representation of a wall is a parameter characterizing thermal inertia of the wall. The optimization of a multilayered wall gives the optimal disposition of the wall layers and determines the optimal thickness of the massive layer. The daily entropy production of a multilayered wall confirms the best disposition of the layers. Heat transfer in an element of alveolar wall represented by a partitioned cavity has been theoretically and experimentally studied. Our results show the preponderance of the radiation heat transfer on the convection one. An optimal number of partitions giving a maximal resistance is found. The influence of pertinent parameters on heat transfer and thermal resistance is emphasized. Influence study of the exciting temperature period on the convection and radiation heat transfer shows the existence of a resonance frequency in the alveolus nearest to the variable boundary. A simplified 1D model of heat transfer in a partitioned cavity that has been validated both numerically and experimentally allows to apply quadruple method to partitioned cavity. Thus, a partitioned cavity can be optimized as regards insulation and thermal inertia
Le, Xiaohua. "Implémentation d'un modèle d'acteur, application au traitement de données partielles en audit thermique de bâtiment". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1992. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529467.
Testo completoZayane, Chadia. "Identification d'un modèle de comportement thermique de bâtiment à partir de sa courbe de charge". Phd thesis, Centre de géosciences (Fontainebleau, Seine et Marne), 2011. https://pastel.hal.science/pastel-00590810.
Testo completoIn a context of permanent concern of energy saving, the importance of developing strategies to minimize the energy consumption of a building is not to be any more demonstrated. Whether these strategies consist in recommending building insulation, suggesting the modification of the management of heating/air conditioning systems or advising the change of certain occupants' habits, a preliminary step of characterizing the thermal behavior of the building turns out inevitable. Contrary to the previous studies, the approach developed here does not require instrumentation of the building. Also, we consider buildings in normal occupation, that is in the presence of heating regulator, which is an additional unknown of the problem. So, we identify a global system of the building together with its heating system from: meteorological data of the closest Meteo France station; reference indoor temperature reconstructed by sector-based knowledge; heating consumption collected either from Building Management Systems or from smart meters; other heat supply (like lighting or presence of persons) estimated by sector-based and thermal knowledge. The identification is made at first by estimation of the parameters (7) defining the global model, by minimizing one step prediction error. Then we adopted an approach of bayesian inversion which provides a simulation of the posterior distributions of parameters and building indoor temperature. The analysis of the stochastic simulations aims at studying the contribution of additional knowledge of the problem (typical values of the parameters) and at showing the limits of the modeling hypotheses in the case of certain real data sets
Zayane, Chadia. "Identification d'un modèle de comportement thermique de bâtiment à partir de sa courbe de charge". Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00590810.
Testo completoContrairement aux études existantes, la démarche menée ici ne nécessite pas d'instrumentation du bâtiment. De même, nous considérons des bâtiments en occupation normale, en présence de régulateur de chauffage : inconnue supplémentaire du problème. Ainsi, nous identifions un système global du bâtiment muni de son régulateur à partir de :
données de la station Météo France la plus proche ; la température de consigne reconstruite par connaissance sectorielle ; la consommation de chauffage obtenue par système de Gestion Technique du Bâtiment ou par compteur intelligent ; autres apports calorifiques (éclairage, présence de personnes...) estimés par connaissance sectorielle et thermique. L'identification est d'abord faite par estimation des paramètres (7) définissant le modèle global, en minimisant l'erreur de prédiction à un pas. Ensuite nous avons adopté une démarche d'inversion bayésienne, dont le résultat est une simulation des distributions a posteriori des paramètres et de la température intérieure du bâtiment.
L'analyse des simulations stochastiques obtenues vise à étudier l'apport de connaissances supplémentaires du problème (valeurs typiques des paramètres) et à démontrer les limites des hypothèses de modélisation dans certains cas.
Cabezas-Rivière, Enzo. "Identifier, comprendre et résoudre les freins à une meilleure maîtrise des consommations de chauffage et du confort en France". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0258.
Testo completoIn the current environmental and economic context, it is crucial that each individual has the tools to manage their heating consumption while maintaining a satisfactory level of comfort. However, obstacles can limit this control over energy and comfort. For example, in buildings with collective heating in France, the distribution of charges between apartments is traditionally based on the proportional surface area, which may discourage the adoption and maintenance of energy-efficient behaviours. To address this, the Élan law aims to individualize heating costs to encourage households to save energy. However, studies conducted on certain dwellings and buildings have shown that the distribution of heating costs is not the only obstacle to greater energy efficiency.Thus, this thesis first aimed to identify and understand the barriers to better control of heating consumption and comfort in French dwellings equipped with collective heating, representing around six million households. To achieve this, a survey was conducted. The results showed that heating bills are often difficult to access and understand, as is the distribution of heating costs. Additionally, respondents expressed the need for additional information, such as personalized advice or data on the environmental impact of their consumption. The results also revealed that the absence of remote programming and control systems for radiators discourages occupants from adopting and maintaining energy-efficient behaviours.Next, the work of this thesis focused on overcoming these barriers. To this end, a methodology was developed to improve both the technical and informational environment for users. Traditionally, to encourage individuals to save energy, one or more interventions are implemented. However, few studies propose an approach that targets relevant interventions based on individual characteristics. To determine the interventions to be used, a behavior change model was employed due to its suitability for energy management. The evaluation of the psychosocial factors constituting this model helped identify the most appropriate interventions for each individual. Moreover, the information provided as part of these interventions was personalized according to the occupants' habits and interests, encouraging them to engage with it. To improve the ease of use of the technical environment, connected thermostatic valves were installed, allowing remote control and programming of radiators at a low cost. These devices transmit data on the ambient temperature and the setpoint applied by users, enabling personalized advice on heating usage. This advice also included an estimate of the savings achievable by following the recommendations. To reliably calculate these potential savings, as well as those already achieved, dynamic thermal simulation models were developed.Finally, the methodology was tested on two families during the 2023-2024 heating period. The evaluation of this experiment considered changes in psychosocial factors, behaviour, comfort and energy savings achieved
Escudero, Alain. "Etude du comportement thermique des bâtiments". Lyon, INSA, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ISAL0011.
Testo completoEnnafii, Oussama. "Qualification géométrique de modèles 3D de bâtiments". Thesis, Paris Est, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PESC2001.
Testo completoThe automatic generation of 3D building models from geospatial data is now a standard procedure. An abundant literature covers the last two decades and several softwares are now available. However, urban areas are very complex environments. Inevitably, practitioners still have to visually assess, at city-scale, the correctness of these models and detect frequent reconstruction errors. Such a process relies on experts, and is highly time-consuming with approximately two hours/km² per expert. This work proposes an approach for automatically evaluating the quality of 3D building models. Potential errors are compiled in a novel hierarchical and modular taxonomy. This allows, for the first time, to disentangle fidelity and modeling errors, whatever the level of details of the modeled buildings. The quality of models is predicted using the geometric properties of buildings and, when available, Very High Resolution images and Digital Surface Models. A baseline of handcrafted, yet generic, features is fed into a Random Forest or Support Vector Machine classifiers. Richer features, relying on graph kernels as well as Scattering Networks, were proposed to better take into consideration structure. Both multi-class and multi-label cases are studied: due to the interdependence between classes of errors, it is possible to retrieve all errors at the same time while simply predicting correct and erroneous buildings. The proposed framework was tested on three distinct urban areas in France with more than 3,000 buildings. 80%-99% F-score values are attained for the most frequent errors. For scalability purposes, the impact of the urban area composition on the error prediction was also studied, in terms of transferability, generalization, and representativeness of the classifiers. It shows the necessity of multi-modal remote sensing data and mixing training samples from various cities to ensure a stability of the detection ratios, even with very limited training set sizes
Perez, Sanchez Maria Milagrosa. "Typologie et uniformisation syntaxique des modèles de transfert de chaleur dans le contexte de la thermique du bâtiment". Lyon, INSA, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ISAL0005.
Testo completoRaillon, Loic. "Experimental identification of physical thermal models for demand response and performance evaluation". Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEI039.
Testo completoThe European Union strategy for achieving the climate targets, is to progressively increase the share of renewable energy in the energy mix and to use the energy more efficiently from production to final consumption. It requires to measure the energy performance of buildings and associated systems, independently of weather conditions and user behavior, to provide efficient and adapted retrofitting solutions. It also requires to known the energy demand to anticipate the energy production and storage (demand response). The estimation of building energy demand and the estimation of energy performance of buildings have a common scientific: the experimental identification of the physical model of the building’s intrinsic behavior. Grey box models, determined from first principles, and black box models, determined heuristically, can describe the same physical process. Relations between the physical and mathematical parameters exist if the black box structure is chosen such that it matches the physical ones. To find the best model representation, we propose to use, Monte Carlo simulations for analyzing the propagation of errors in the different model transformations, and factor prioritization, for ranking the parameters according to their influence. The obtained results show that identifying the parameters on the state-space representation is a better choice. Nonetheless, physical information determined from the estimated parameters, are reliable if the model structure is invertible and the data are informative enough. We show how an identifiable model structure can be chosen, especially thanks to profile likelihood. Experimental identification consists of three phases: model selection, identification and validation. These three phases are detailed on a real house experiment by using a frequentist and Bayesian framework. More specifically, we proposed an efficient Bayesian calibration to estimate the parameter posterior distributions, which allows to simulate by taking all the uncertainties into account, which is suitable for model predictive control. We have also studied the capabilities of sequential Monte Carlo methods for estimating simultaneously the states and parameters. An adaptation of the recursive prediction error method into a sequential Monte Carlo framework, is proposed and compared to a method from the literature. Sequential methods can be used to provide a first model fit and insights on the selected model structure while the data are collected. Afterwards, the first model fit can be refined if necessary, by using iterative methods with the batch of data
Poitras, Gérard J. "Etude de l'écoulement autour de modèles de bâtiments". Poitiers, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002POIT2298.
Testo completoThe objective of this work is to study the formation and development of vortices created around 2D and 3D building models having different roof shapes. A physical and dynamical analysis of these structures was performed from numerical (vortex methods) and experimental (Visualisations, Velocity and pressure measurements) results. The results underlined the importance of the roof shape on the flow structure : Upstream of the three dimensional geometries, the flow is characterized by a horseshoe vortex attributed to the concentration of vorticity of the upstream boundary layer caused by the blockage of the flow by the geometry itself. Vortex tubes are created on the side on top of the 3D geometries with flat roof thus making the flow reattachment. Downstream, a vortex is created at the bottom corner of the geometry. Furthermore, an arch vortex generates the closure of the wake downstream. The study of the surface pressures in the center plan of the geometries showed the pressure coefficients are directly influenced by the horseshoe vortex on the upstream face, by the shape of the roof on top of the geometries and by the size of the re-circulation zone downstream
Trocmé, Maxime. "Aide aux choix de conception de bâtiments économes en énergie". Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005892.
Testo completoRoldan, Antoine. "Etude thermique et aéraulique des enveloppes de bâtiment : influence des couplages intérieurs et du multizonage". Lyon, INSA, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985ISAL0046.
Testo completoLn the present work, we develop a detailed software of thermal simulation of buildings essentially turned towards research applications. After a critical study of conduct ion transfer function met hods used to calculate heat flux trough walls , we explain the algorithmic mechanism driving to the building thermal model. We especialy insist on the fact that the software admits a multi zone description of dwellings. Aeraulic transfers are among the major thermal connect ions between the different zones of a building as well as between the buildings ans its surroundings. We also develop an "air f low" model. Both thermal and ventilation models are checked by experimental results when available or by others calculation codes. Finally the last part is devoted to a study of parameters sensibi1ity allowing to evaluate importance of a correct model of thermal relations between inner surfaces and also of the more or less complex description of dwellings
Boulkroune, Khalef. "Thermique du bâtiment : mesures sur site et modélisation avec Accès à des Logiciels en Langage Naturel - ALLAN. -". Paris 12, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA120042.
Testo completoBerthou, Yannick. "Étude de parois de bâtiments passifs associant un Matériau à Changement de Phase (MCP) et une super isolation transparents". Paris, ENMP, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ENMP0109.
Testo completoTo reduce the environmental impact of buildings, it is a priority to develop new strategies concerning the insulation and the exploitation of the renewable energies. Xithin this context appeared the odea to design, to implement an to study a new generation of semi-transparent solar wall associating a super-insulating layer (silica aerogel) and a layer of a material ermitting the absorption, the storage and the restituion of heat (Phase Change Material). This wall was experimentally characterized in controlled atmosphere and in situ on a full-size building. Its qualities in terms of heat insulation and contribution to the energy balance and daylight were revealed. A limit of use pCM-aerogel wall was noticed in summer and on a part of the inter seasons. The PCM aerogel wallwas developed and validated. This model, coupled withTRNSYS, a software for the dynamic simulation of thermal systems, allowed to study the behavior of the wall for four cliamtesand two types of building (a residential building : an "Incas" house of the ines at Chambéry, and a building in free evolution : the experimental test cell of the CEP at Sophia Antipolis. These studies confirmed the interest of he MCP-aerogel wall for the improvement of the energy performances of the building
Wurtz, Etienne. "Modélisation tridimensionnelle des transferts thermiques et aérauliques dans le bâtiment en environnement orienté objet". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1995. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00523621.
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