Tesi sul tema "Modèle à variables latentes"
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Podosinnikova, Anastasia. "Sur la méthode des moments pour l'estimation des modèles à variables latentes". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEE050/document.
Testo completoLatent linear models are powerful probabilistic tools for extracting useful latent structure from otherwise unstructured data and have proved useful in numerous applications such as natural language processing and computer vision. However, the estimation and inference are often intractable for many latent linear models and one has to make use of approximate methods often with no recovery guarantees. An alternative approach, which has been popular lately, are methods based on the method of moments. These methods often have guarantees of exact recovery in the idealized setting of an infinite data sample and well specified models, but they also often come with theoretical guarantees in cases where this is not exactly satisfied. In this thesis, we focus on moment matchingbased estimation methods for different latent linear models. Using a close connection with independent component analysis, which is a well studied tool from the signal processing literature, we introduce several semiparametric models in the topic modeling context and for multi-view models and develop moment matching-based methods for the estimation in these models. These methods come with improved sample complexity results compared to the previously proposed methods. The models are supplemented with the identifiability guarantees, which is a necessary property to ensure their interpretability. This is opposed to some other widely used models, which are unidentifiable
Tayeb, Arafat. "Estimation bayésienne des modèles à variables latentes". Paris 9, 2006. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2006PA090061.
Testo completoIn this thesis, we study some models with latent variables. Given a set of data , we suppose that there is a hidden variable such that the distribution of conditional on is of known class and is often depending on a (multidimensional) parameter. This parameter can depend on time and on the latent variable. When does not depend on , we simply write. Depending on the model, the variable represents the observation allocation, the observation component, the observation state or its regime. The aim of this work is to estimate the parameter and the hidden variable. Bayesian inference about the parameter is given by its posterior distribution. Precisely, we wish either to produce an efficient sample (approximately) following this distribution or to approximate some of its properties like mean, median or modes. Different methods of sampling and/or deriving of such posterior properties are used in this thesis. Mostly, five models are studied and for each situation, specific techniques are used
Matias, Catherine. "Statistique asymptotique dans des modèles à variables latentes". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université d'Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00349639.
Testo completoMa présentation s'organise en trois grandes thématiques : les travaux portant sur des séquences, notamment sur la modélisation de leur distribution et des processus d'évolution sous-jacents ; les travaux de statistique semi ou non paramétrique portant sur des signaux observés avec du bruit ; et enfin les travaux (en partie en cours) portant sur les graphes aléatoires.
Jakobowicz, Emmanuel. "Contributions aux modèles d'équations structurelles à variables latentes". Phd thesis, Conservatoire national des arts et metiers - CNAM, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00207990.
Testo completoBry, Xavier. "Une méthodologie exploratoire pour l'analyse et la synthèse d'un modèle explicatif : l'Analyse en Composantes Thématiques". Paris 9, 2004. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2004PA090055.
Testo completoDortet-Bernadet, Vincent. "Contribution à l'étude statistique de modèles à variables latentes". Toulouse 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU30135.
Testo completoGuyon, Hervé. "Variables latentes et processus mentaux : une réflexion épistémologique et méthodologique". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB015/document.
Testo completoMy thesis considers that experimental psychology must clarify its epistemological position to clarify the formal validation of its approach, without necessarily having to refer to the framework of Science Physics. From a critical reflection, I propose to shift the epistemological framework in psychology and clearly pose a pragmatic-realistic framework. The main thesis of this work is: 1 / mental properties must be understood as emerging phenomena, which implies that their analysis can not be done nor at the neuronal level, nor at the internal dynamics of cognitive processes, but necessarily at these emerging phenomena; 2 / to analyze the mental properties as emerging forms, psychometrics need to use concepts that are in permanent tension between objectivity and intersubjectivity; accordingly, psychometrics must assert a pragmatic-realist approach, breaking with classical empiricism-realistic; 3 / a pragmatist-realistic approach, based among other things on the abduction, can overcome the contradictions pointed in the academic literature on mental properties and their measurements; 4 / a framework for measuring mental properties by latent variables becomes possible if the framework is also understood as a pragmatic-realist; 5 / but use realistic-pragmatic returns accordingly critical of both models with latent variables developed in the academic literature and the social uses of these models. The second part of my thesis focuses on a specific part of formalization of latent variables: the formative model. I develop Monte Carlo simulations to check the range of parameters for efficient formative measure as part of a realistic-empirical positioning
Bock, Dumas Élodie de. "Identification de stratégies d’analyse de variables latentes longitudinales en présence de données manquantes potentiellement informatives". Nantes, 2014. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=ed3dcb7e-dec1-4506-b99d-50e3448d1ce4.
Testo completoThe purpose of this study was to identify the most adequate strategy to analyse longitudinal latent variables (patient reported outcomes) when potentially informative missing data are observed. Models coming from classical test theory and Rasch-family were compared. In order to obtain an objective comparison of these methods, simulation studies were used. Moreover, illustrative examples were analysed. This research work showed that the method that comes from Rasch-family models performs better than the other in some circumstances, mainly for power. However, limitations were highlighted. Moreover, some results were obtained about personal mean score imputation
Casarin, Roberto. "Méthodes de simulation pour l'estimation bayésienne des modèles à variables latentes". Paris 9, 2007. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2007PA090056.
Testo completoLatent variable models are now very common in econometrics and statistics. This thesis mainly focuses on the use of latent variables in mixture modelling, time series analysis and continuous time models. We follow a Bayesian inference framework based on simulation methods. In the third chapter we propose alfa-stable mixtures in order to account for skewness, heavy tails and multimodality in financial modelling. Chapter four proposes a Markov-Switching Stochastic-Volatility model with a heavy-tail observable process. We follow a Bayesian approach and make use of Particle Filter, in order to filter the state and estimate the parameters. Chapter five deals with the parameter estimation and the extraction of the latent structure in the volatilities of the US business cycle and stock market valuations. We propose a new regularised SMC procedure for doing Bayesian inference. In chapter six we employ a Bayesian inference procedure, based on Population Monte Carlo, to estimate the parameters in the drift and diffusion terms of a stochastic differential equation (SDE), from discretely observed data
Batardière, Bastien. "Machine learning for multivariate analysis of high-dimensional count data". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASM047.
Testo completoThis thesis deals with the modeling and analysis of high-dimensional count data through the framework of latent variable models, as well as the optimization of such models. Latent variable models have demonstrated their efficacy in modeling count data with complex dependency structures, with the Poisson Log-Normal (PLN) model serving as a prime example. However, the PLN model does not meet the characteristics of real-world count datasets, primarily due to its inability to produce a high number of zeros. We propose the Zero-Inflated PLN (ZIPLN) extension to meet these characteristics. The latter and other variants of PLN are implemented in a Python package using variational inference to maximize the log-likelihood. In the second part, we focus on the finite-sum maximization problem, a common challenge when optimizing a wide range of latent variable models. We introduce an adaptive method named AdaLVR, scaling effectively with both the dimensionality and the sample size of the dataset, designed explicitly for this finite-sum optimization problem. A theoretical analysis of AdaLVR is conducted, and the convergence rate of O(T ⁻¹) is obtained in the convex setting, where T denotes the number of iterations. In the third part, we discuss the optimization of latent variable models using Monte Carlo methods, with a particular emphasis on the PLN model. The optimization occurs in a non-convex setting and necessitates the computation of the gradient, which is expressed as an intractable integral. In this context, we propose a first-order algorithm where the gradient is estimated using self-normalized importance sampling. Convergence guarantees are obtained under certain easily verifiable assumptions despite the inherent bias in the gradient estimator. Importantly, the applicability of the convergence theorem extends beyond the scope of optimization in latent variable models. In the fourth part, we focus on the implementation of the inference for PLN models, with a particular emphasis on the details of variational inference designed for these models. In the appendix, we derive confidence intervals for the PLN model, and an extension to the ZIPLN model, integrating Principal Component Analysis, is proposed. A semi-parametric approach is also introduced. Concurrently, an analysis of a real-world genomic dataset is conducted, revealing how different types of cells in plant leaves respond to a bacterial pathogen
Wiener, Ramos Lucia. "Modelo de regresión de clases latentes: factores asociados a la valoración de una universidad privada". Master's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2015. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/6996.
Testo completoTesis
Ly, Fatimata. "La structure financière : l'apport de la théorie des jeux et des modèles de causalité". Paris 9, 1998. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1998PA090033.
Testo completoIn addition to the institutional and practical aspects, there is some theoretical interest in studying financial structure determination. The multiplicity of theories doesn't allow for resolving the capital structure enigma. Introduced by Donaldson [1961] and developed by Myers and Majluf [1984], the pecking order theory, p. O. T. , provided new explications and improved traditional models. It appeared as a general model of firm financing behavior. Later, games theory modelling showed that the p. O. T. Has a conditional validation when beliefs and strategies of agents (investors and firms) are considered. This dissertation focused on the limitations of the hierarchical model which is even in a static framework partially validated. Furthermore, in a dynamic context its validation depended on less asymmetry in information and on more profitable projects in the future. The independence of the choices in the firm and the existence of unobservable determinants led us to use a system of structural equations with latent variables to test the implications of modern theories. The empirical investigations are conducted over the period 1987-1994 using a sample of 390 French non-financial firms. Some results were obtained. First, there is a causality between short-term and long-term leverage ratios. Second, short-term behavior seems to reveal partial adjustment, but this result is still mitigated. Third, a specific pecking order is detected without asymmetric information. Finally, trade credit turns out to be a substitute for debenture
Pereira, Sheila Regina dos Santos 1981. "Contribuições ao estudo do modelo de resposta nominal". [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/306794.
Testo completoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Matemática, Estatística e Computação Científica
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T00:05:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pereira_SheilaReginadosSantos_M.pdf: 25409754 bytes, checksum: 462fcbdec414321c70cbff248acc4ed1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012
Resumo: Na área educacional é crescente o interesse pela aplicação de técnicas derivadas da Teoria de Resposta ao Item (TRI), já que esta metodologia vem sendo utilizada em processos qualitativos da avaliação psicológica e educacional. Porém, na grande parte das avaliações que empregam itens de múltipla escolha, é comum a redução das respostas em padrões de certo ou errado para a utilização desses modelos. A dicotomização das respostas dos indivíduos ignora qualquer conhecimento parcial que ele possa ter da resposta correta, pois assume implicitamente que ou o indivíduo tem conhecimento para escolher a alternativa correta, ou não o tem e seleciona aleatoriamente uma das alternativas. Desta maneira, a informação do conhecimento parcial não é ser usada na estimação dos traços latentes. Nesse sentido, o objetivo do presente trabalho é mostrar a eficiência do Modelo de Resposta Nominal no processo de estimação dos traços latentes dos indivíduos submetidos a testes com itens de múltipla escolha, bem com, analisar e interpretar os parâmetros dos itens estimados por esse modelo
Abstract: In the educational field there is growing interest in applying techniques derived from the TRI, since this methodology has been used in qualitative processes of psychological and educational assessment. However, in most of the educational assessments that use multiple choice items is common to decreased response in patterns of right or wrong to use these models. The dichotomization of the responses of individuals ignores any partial knowledge he may have the correct answer, or because it implicitly assumes that the individual has knowledge to choose the correct alternative, or do not have it and randomly selects one of the alternatives. Thus, information from the partial knowledge is not to be used in the estimation of latent traits. In this sense, the objective of this work is to show the efficiency of the Nominal Response Model in the estimation of latent traits of individuals tested with multiple choice items, as well as analyze and interpret the parameters of the items estimated by this model
Mestrado
Estatistica
Mestre em Estatística
Douc, Randal. "Problèmes statistiques pour des modèles à variables latentes : propriétés asymptotiques de l'estimateur du maximum de vraisemblance". Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001EPXXO001.
Testo completoTami, Myriam. "Approche EM pour modèles multi-blocs à facteurs à une équation structurelle". Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT303/document.
Testo completoStructural equation models enable the modeling of interactions between observed variables and latent ones. The two leading estimation methods are partial least squares on components and covariance-structure analysis. In this work, we first describe the PLS and LISREL methods and, then, we propose an estimation method using the EM algorithm in order to maximize the likelihood of a structural equation model with latent factors. Through a simulation study, we investigate how fast and accurate the method is, and thanks to an application to real environmental data, we show how one can handly construct a model or evaluate its quality. Finally, in the context of oncology, we apply the EM approach on health-related quality-of-life data. We show that it simplifies the longitudinal analysis of quality-of-life and helps evaluating the clinical benefit of a treatment
Hamon, Agnès. "Modèle de Rasch et validation de questionnaires de qualité de vie". Lorient, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LORIS011.
Testo completoThe assesment of quality of life has become an important problem in medicine. This assesment is aimed to evaluate the limitations induced by therapeutics on the daily life of patients. In most of cases, a questionnaire is administred to the patients in order to quantify their quality of life. Then, we have to construct a statistical model that links the items answers to an unobserved quantitative variable, here the quality of life. In most of the clinical studies, only linear linear modelizations are used. The purpose of this work is to study a new approach based on Rasch model[. . . ]
Renteria, Sacha Ivonne Mireille. "Modelo lineal mixto de clases latentes con respuesta ordinal y su aplicación en la medición de la religiosidad". Master's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12404/15591.
Testo completoLatent class linear mixed models developed by Proust-Lima, Philipps y Liquet (2017) are useful to analyze the dynamic aspect and the multidimensional nature of a phenomenon of interest in populations not necessarily homogeneous. These allow to identify the possible latent classes in the population under study and how a set of covariates affects the response variable of interest in each class. In this thesis, the latent class linear mixed model with latent response variable and ordinal manifest variable is developed, through its two components: the structural sub-model and the measure sub-model, which are complemented with a mul-tinominal logistic model to analyze the probability of belonging to a latent class. The model was applied to a dataset from the National Study of Youth and Religion (NSYR), in order to find latent classes in the religiosity construct and to describe their evolution. As a result, three latent classes were identified with different trajectories for each case.
Tesis
Dubarry, Cyrille. "Méthodes de lissage et d'estimation dans des modèles à variables latentes par des méthodes de Monte-Carlo séquentielles". Phd thesis, Institut National des Télécommunications, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00762243.
Testo completoDupuy, Christophe. "Inference and applications for topic models". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEE055/document.
Testo completoMost of current recommendation systems are based on ratings (i.e. numbers between 0 and 5) and try to suggest a content (movie, restaurant...) to a user. These systems usually allow users to provide a text review for this content in addition to ratings. It is hard to extract useful information from raw text while a rating does not contain much information on the content and the user. In this thesis, we tackle the problem of suggesting personalized readable text to users to help them make a quick decision about a content. More specifically, we first build a topic model that predicts personalized movie description from text reviews. Our model extracts distinct qualitative (i.e., which convey opinion) and descriptive topics by combining text reviews and movie ratings in a joint probabilistic model. We evaluate our model on an IMDB dataset and illustrate its performance through comparison of topics. We then study parameter inference in large-scale latent variable models, that include most topic models. We propose a unified treatment of online inference for latent variable models from a non-canonical exponential family, and draw explicit links between several previously proposed frequentist or Bayesian methods. We also propose a novel inference method for the frequentist estimation of parameters, that adapts MCMC methods to online inference of latent variable models with the proper use of local Gibbs sampling.~For the specific latent Dirichlet allocation topic model, we provide an extensive set of experiments and comparisons with existing work, where our new approach outperforms all previously proposed methods. Finally, we propose a new class of determinantal point processes (DPPs) which can be manipulated for inference and parameter learning in potentially sublinear time in the number of items. This class, based on a specific low-rank factorization of the marginal kernel, is particularly suited to a subclass of continuous DPPs and DPPs defined on exponentially many items. We apply this new class to modelling text documents as sampling a DPP of sentences, and propose a conditional maximum likelihood formulation to model topic proportions, which is made possible with no approximation for our class of DPPs. We present an application to document summarization with a DPP on 2 to the power 500 items, where the summaries are composed of readable sentences
Neciosup, Vera Carmen Stéfany. "Modelo lineal mixto conjunto de clases latentes aplicado a un conjunto de datos longitudinales del sector salud". Master's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2018. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/12998.
Testo completoThe joint latent class mixed model, proposed by Proust-Lima et al. (2015), allows to jointly model a longitudinal process and a survival process, also calculating the probability of belonging to certain latent classes in the study population. In our study, we describe the components that make up this model (Proust-Lima et al. (2017)) and through a simulation study we assesed the implementation of its estimation. The model is finally applied to a set of longitudinal data of Prostate Cancer diagnosed patients allowing us to identify latent classes that are then associated with the clinical stage of the patients.
Tesis
Lauzon-Gauthier, Julien. "Modélisation multivariée par variables latentes du procédé de fabrication des anodes précuites utilisées pour la production d'aluminium primaire". Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28525/28525.pdf.
Testo completoAluminum is manufactured by an electrolytic process. The reaction consumes carbon anodes. Anode quality has a great influence on the optimal operation of the reduction process. However, their properties are poorly characterized by weekly averages of anode sample laboratory analyses. The goal of this thesis is to improve quality control at the baked anode manufacturing plant by predicting anode properties. A multivariate latent variable regression method called Projection to Latent Structure (PLS) is used to relate the raw material and the manufacturing process data to the baked anode properties collected at the Alcoa Deschambault smelter. Several models are investigated for physical properties and gas reactivity. From 27% to 68% of the physical properties variance and 20% to 49% of the reactivity variations are captured. The models explained a significant amount of variability, considering that industrial data is typically very noisy. The interpretation of the models was found in agreement with process knowledge.
Cuesta, Ramirez Jhouben Janyk. "Optimization of a computationally expensive simulator with quantitative and qualitative inputs". Thesis, Lyon, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LYSEM010.
Testo completoIn this thesis, costly mixed problems are approached through gaussian processes where the discrete variables are relaxed into continuous latent variables. the continuous space is more easily harvested by classical bayesian optimization techniques than a mixed space would. discrete variables are recovered either subsequently to the continuous optimization, or simultaneously with an additional continuous-discrete compatibility constraint that is handled with augmented lagrangians. several possible implementations of such bayesian mixed optimizers are compared. in particular, the reformulation of the problem with continuous latent variables is put in competition with searches working directly in the mixed space. among the algorithms involving latent variables and an augmented lagrangian, a particular attention is devoted to the lagrange multipliers for which a local and a global estimation techniques are studied. the comparisons are based on the repeated optimization of three analytical functions and a mechanical application regarding a beam design. an additional study for applying a proposed mixed optimization strategy in the field of mixed self-calibration is made. this analysis was inspired in an application in radionuclide quantification, which defined an specific inverse function that required the study of its multiple properties in the continuous scenario. a proposition of different deterministic and bayesian strategies was made towards a complete definition in a mixed variable setup
Blas, Oyola Sthip Frank. "Métodos de selección de variables bajo el enfoque bayesiano para el modelo lineal normal". Master's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12404/17868.
Testo completoBerard, Caroline. "Modèles à variables latentes pour des données issues de tiling arrays : Applications aux expériences de ChIP-chip et de transcriptome". Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AGPT0067.
Testo completoTiling arrays make possible a large scale exploration of the genome with high resolution. Biological questions usually addressed are either the gene expression or the detection of transcribed regions which can be investigated via transcriptomic experiments, and also the regulation of gene expression thanks to ChIP-chip experiments. In order to analyse ChIP-chip and transcriptomic data, we propose latent variable models, especially Hidden Markov Models, which are part of unsupervised classification methods. The biological features of the tiling arrays signal, such as the spatial dependence between observations along the genome and structural annotation are integrated in the model. Moreover, the models are adapted to the biological question at hand and a model is proposed for each type of experiment. We propose a mixture of regressions for the comparison of two samples, when one sample can be considered as a reference sample (ChIP-chip), and a two-dimensional Gaussian model with constraints on the variance parameter when the two samples play symmetrical roles (transcriptome). Finally, a semi-parametric modeling is considered, allowing more flexible emission distributions. With the objective of classification, we propose a false-positive control in the case of a two-cluster classification and for independent observations. Then, we focus on the classification of a set of observations forming a region of interest such as a gene. The different models are illustrated on real ChIP-chip and transcriptomic datasets coming from a NimbleGen tiling array covering the entire genome of Arabidopsis thaliana
Bérard, Caroline. "Modèles à variables latentes pour des données issues de tiling arrays. Applications aux expériences de ChIP-chip et de transcriptome". Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00656841.
Testo completoBouscasse, Hélène. "Essays on travel mode choice modeling : a discrete choice approach of the interactions between economic and behavioral theories". Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2106/document.
Testo completoThe objective of this thesis is to incorporate aspects of psychology and behavioral economics theories in discrete choice models to promote a better understanding of mode choice at regional level. Part II examines the inclusion of latent variables to explain mode choice. A literature review of integrated choice and latent variable models – that is, models combining a structural equation model and a discrete choice model – is followed by the estimation of an integrated choice and latent variable model to show how the heterogeneity of economic outputs (here, value of time) can be explained with latent variables (here, perceived comfort in public transport) and observable variables (here, the guarantee of a seat). The simulation of scenarios shows, however, that the economic gain (decrease in value of time) is higher when policies address tangible factors than when they address latent factors. On the basis of a mediation model, the estimation of a structural equation model furthermore implies that the influence of environmental concern on mode choice habits is partially mediated by the indirect utility derived frompublic transport use. Part III examines two utility formulations taken from behavioral economics: 1) rankdependent utility to model risky choices, and 2) reference-dependent utility. Firstly, a rank-dependent utility model is included in discrete choice models and, in particular, a latent-class model, in order to analyze intra- and inter-individual heterogeneity when the travel time is subject to variability. The results show that the probability of a delay is over-estimated for train travel and under-estimated for car travel, especially for car users, as train users are more likely to take into account the expected travel time. In the models that account for risk aversion, the utility functions are convex, which implies a decrease in value of time. Secondly, a new family of discrete choice models generalizing the multinomial logit model, the reference models, is estimated. On my data, these models allow for a better selection of explanatory variables than the multinomial logit model and a more robust estimation of economic outputs, particularly in cases of high unobserved heterogeneity. The economic formulation of reference models shows thatthe best empirical models are also more compatible with Tversky et Kahneman’s reference-dependent model
Sánchez, Barrioluengo Mabel. "ARTICULANDO EL MODELO UNIVERSITARIO ESPAÑOL A PARTIR DE SUS MISIONES: UN ANÁLISIS DE LA CONTRIBUCIÓN AL ENTORNO REGIONAL MEDIANTE VARIABLES LATENTES". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/48555.
Testo completoSánchez Barrioluengo, M. (2015). ARTICULANDO EL MODELO UNIVERSITARIO ESPAÑOL A PARTIR DE SUS MISIONES: UN ANÁLISIS DE LA CONTRIBUCIÓN AL ENTORNO REGIONAL MEDIANTE VARIABLES LATENTES [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/48555
TESIS
Moustaki, Irini. "Latent variable models for mixed manifest variables". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1996. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/78/.
Testo completoHardouin, Jean-Benoit. "Construction d'échelles d'items unidimensionnelles en qualité de vie". Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011754.
Testo completoKadhim, Sadeq. "Les généralisations des récursivités de Kalman et leurs applications". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0030/document.
Testo completoWe consider state space models where the observations are multicategorical and longitudinal, and the state is described by CHARN models. We estimate the state by generalized Kalman recursions, which rely on a variety of particle filters and EM algorithm. Our results are applied to estimating the latent trait in quality of life, and this furnishes an alternative and a generalization of existing methods. These results are illustrated by numerical simulations and an application to real data in the quality of life of patients surged for breast cancer
Kadhim, Sadeq. "Les généralisations des récursivités de Kalman et leurs applications". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0030.
Testo completoWe consider state space models where the observations are multicategorical and longitudinal, and the state is described by CHARN models. We estimate the state by generalized Kalman recursions, which rely on a variety of particle filters and EM algorithm. Our results are applied to estimating the latent trait in quality of life, and this furnishes an alternative and a generalization of existing methods. These results are illustrated by numerical simulations and an application to real data in the quality of life of patients surged for breast cancer
Oodally, Ajmal. "Estimation in frailty models with complex correlation structures through stochastic approximation algorithms". Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASM003.
Testo completoThis thesis deals with estimation in frailty models in survival analysis. Our first contribution concerns a new estimation method based on integrated partial likelihood in the frailty model. No approximation of the integrated partial likelihood is made as compared to other methods proposed in the literature. We implement a stochastic approximation of the Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm to calculate the maximum of partial likelihood estimators of the model parameters. We also establish the theoretical convergence properties of the algorithm. Our method allows for different correlation structures and for a wide range of frailty distributions. Our second contribution concerns the study of the convergence rates of maximum likelihood estimators in parametric shared frailty models. The convergence rates of are notably different following the factorization of the conditional likelihood. We study this phenomenon via a simulation study. We also highlight the influence of the level of covariates on convergence rates analytically in a linear mixed effects model. We illustrate these differences via an intensive simulation study on a parametric frailty model. Our third contribution presents a new frailty model which takes into account spatial correlations which may be present in data. This new spatial modeling is motivated by malaria infection data collected in Ethiopia. Since the distances between individuals play an important role in the transmission of the disease, it may be relevant to take them into account in the model. A stochastic version of the EM algorithm adapted to this context is implemented and studied. The estimation method is validated on simulated data and then implemented to analyze the malaria data
Channarond, Antoine. "Recherche de structure dans un graphe aléatoire : modèles à espace latent". Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA112338/document.
Testo completo.This thesis addresses the clustering of the nodes of a graph, in the framework of randommodels with latent variables. To each node i is allocated an unobserved (latent) variable Zi and the probability of nodes i and j being connected depends conditionally on Zi and Zj . Unlike Erdos-Renyi's model, connections are not independent identically distributed; the latent variables rule the connection distribution of the nodes. These models are thus heterogeneous and their structure is fully described by the latent variables and their distribution. Hence we aim at infering them from the graph, which the only observed data.In both original works of this thesis, we propose consistent inference methods with a computational cost no more than linear with respect to the number of nodes or edges, so that large graphs can be processed in a reasonable time. They both are based on a study of the distribution of the degrees, which are normalized in a convenient way for the model.The first work deals with the Stochastic Blockmodel. We show the consistency of an unsupervised classiffcation algorithm using concentration inequalities. We deduce from it a parametric estimation method, a model selection method for the number of latent classes, and a clustering test (testing whether there is one cluster or more), which are all proved to be consistent. In the second work, the latent variables are positions in the ℝd space, having a density f. The connection probability depends on the distance between the node positions. The clusters are defined as connected components of some level set of f. The goal is to estimate the number of such clusters from the observed graph only. We estimate the density at the latent positions of the nodes with their degree, which allows to establish a link between clusters and connected components of some subgraphs of the observed graph, obtained by removing low degree nodes. In particular, we thus derive an estimator of the cluster number and we also show the consistency in some sense
Katsikatsou, Myrsini. "Composite Likelihood Estimation for Latent Variable Models with Ordinal and Continuous, or Ranking Variables". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statistiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-188342.
Testo completoDemeyer, Séverine. "Approche bayésienne de l'évaluation de l'incertitude de mesure : application aux comparaisons interlaboratoires". Phd thesis, Conservatoire national des arts et metiers - CNAM, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00585727.
Testo completoXiong, Hao. "Diversified Latent Variable Models". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/18512.
Testo completoChassagnol, Bastien. "Application of Multivariate Gaussian Convolution and Mixture Models for Identifying Key Biomarkers Underlying Variability in Transcriptomic Profiles and the Diversity of Therapeutic Responses". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2023SORUS512.pdf.
Testo completoThe diversity of phenotypes and conditions observed within the human species is driven by multiple intertwined biological processes. However, in the context of personalized medicine and the treatment of increasingly complex, systemic, and heterogeneous diseases, it is crucial to develop approaches that comprehensively capture the complexity of the biological mechanisms underlying the variability in biological profiles. This spans from the individual level to the cellular level, encompassing tissues and organs. Such granularity and precision are essential for clinicians, biologists, and statisticians to understand the underlying causes of the diversity in responses to clinical treatments and predict potential adverse effects. This manuscript primarily focuses on two biological entities of interest, namely transcriptome profiles and immune cell populations, for dissecting the diversity of disease outcomes and responses to treatment observed across individuals. The introductory section provides a comprehensive overview on the intertwined mechanisms controlling the activity and abundance of these inputs, and subsequently details standard physical methods for quantifying them in real-world conditions. To comprehensively address the intricate multi-layered organization of biological systems, we considered two distinct resolution scopes in this manuscript. At the lowest level of granularity, referred to in this manuscript as an "endotype" we examine variations in the overall bulk expression profiles across individuals. To account for the unexplained variability observed among patients sharing the same disease, we introduce an underlying latent discrete factor. To identify the unobserved subgroups characterized by this hidden variable, we employ a mixture model-based approach, assuming that each individual transcriptomic profile is sampled from a multivariate Gaussian distribution. Subsequently, we delve into a bigger layer of complexity, by integrating the cellular composition of heterogeneous tissues. Specifically, we discuss various deconvolution techniques designed to estimate the ratios of cellular populations, contributing in unknown proportions to the total observed bulk transcriptome. We then introduce an independent deconvolution algorithm, "DeCovarT", which demonstrates improved accuracy in delineating highly correlated cell types by explicitly incorporating the co-expression network structures of each purified cell type
AL, WARD HOSSAM. "1 analyse de l'evolution economique par pays et par secteur de l'ensemble des pays arabes de 1975 a 1988. 2 analyse des reponses de 98 sujets a une echelle d'evaluation de l'anxiete presentee quotidiennement. 3 un cas modele pour l'analyse d'un ensemble redondant de variables decoupees en classes. 4 procede d'elaboration de modele de variables partagees en deux categories : observables et latentes". Paris 6, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA066298.
Testo completoFilstroff, Louis. "Contributions to probabilistic non-negative matrix factorization - Maximum marginal likelihood estimation and Markovian temporal models". Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019INPT0143.
Testo completoNon-negative matrix factorization (NMF) has become a popular dimensionality reductiontechnique, and has found applications in many different fields, such as audio signal processing,hyperspectral imaging, or recommender systems. In its simplest form, NMF aims at finding anapproximation of a non-negative data matrix (i.e., with non-negative entries) as the product of twonon-negative matrices, called the factors. One of these two matrices can be interpreted as adictionary of characteristic patterns of the data, and the other one as activation coefficients ofthese patterns. This low-rank approximation is traditionally retrieved by optimizing a measure of fitbetween the data matrix and its approximation. As it turns out, for many choices of measures of fit,the problem can be shown to be equivalent to the joint maximum likelihood estimation of thefactors under a certain statistical model describing the data. This leads us to an alternativeparadigm for NMF, where the learning task revolves around probabilistic models whoseobservation density is parametrized by the product of non-negative factors. This general framework, coined probabilistic NMF, encompasses many well-known latent variable models ofthe literature, such as models for count data. In this thesis, we consider specific probabilistic NMFmodels in which a prior distribution is assumed on the activation coefficients, but the dictionary remains a deterministic variable. The objective is then to maximize the marginal likelihood in thesesemi-Bayesian NMF models, i.e., the integrated joint likelihood over the activation coefficients.This amounts to learning the dictionary only; the activation coefficients may be inferred in asecond step if necessary. We proceed to study in greater depth the properties of this estimation process. In particular, two scenarios are considered. In the first one, we assume the independence of the activation coefficients sample-wise. Previous experimental work showed that dictionarieslearned with this approach exhibited a tendency to automatically regularize the number of components, a favorable property which was left unexplained. In the second one, we lift thisstandard assumption, and consider instead Markov structures to add statistical correlation to themodel, in order to better analyze temporal data
Creagh-Osborne, Jane. "Latent variable generalized linear models". Thesis, University of Plymouth, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/1885.
Testo completoDallaire, Patrick. "Bayesian nonparametric latent variable models". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26848.
Testo completoOne of the important problems in machine learning is determining the complexity of the model to learn. Too much complexity leads to overfitting, which finds structures that do not actually exist in the data, while too low complexity leads to underfitting, which means that the expressiveness of the model is insufficient to capture all the structures present in the data. For some probabilistic models, the complexity depends on the introduction of one or more latent variables whose role is to explain the generative process of the data. There are various approaches to identify the appropriate number of latent variables of a model. This thesis covers various Bayesian nonparametric methods capable of determining the number of latent variables to be used and their dimensionality. The popularization of Bayesian nonparametric statistics in the machine learning community is fairly recent. Their main attraction is the fact that they offer highly flexible models and their complexity scales appropriately with the amount of available data. In recent years, research on Bayesian nonparametric learning methods have focused on three main aspects: the construction of new models, the development of inference algorithms and new applications. This thesis presents our contributions to these three topics of research in the context of learning latent variables models. Firstly, we introduce the Pitman-Yor process mixture of Gaussians, a model for learning infinite mixtures of Gaussians. We also present an inference algorithm to discover the latent components of the model and we evaluate it on two practical robotics applications. Our results demonstrate that the proposed approach outperforms, both in performance and flexibility, the traditional learning approaches. Secondly, we propose the extended cascading Indian buffet process, a Bayesian nonparametric probability distribution on the space of directed acyclic graphs. In the context of Bayesian networks, this prior is used to identify the presence of latent variables and the network structure among them. A Markov Chain Monte Carlo inference algorithm is presented and evaluated on structure identification problems and as well as density estimation problems. Lastly, we propose the Indian chefs process, a model more general than the extended cascading Indian buffet process for learning graphs and orders. The advantage of the new model is that it accepts connections among observable variables and it takes into account the order of the variables. We also present a reversible jump Markov Chain Monte Carlo inference algorithm which jointly learns graphs and orders. Experiments are conducted on density estimation problems and testing independence hypotheses. This model is the first Bayesian nonparametric model capable of learning Bayesian learning networks with completely arbitrary graph structures.
Ödling, David, e Arvid Österlund. "Factorisation of Latent Variables in Word Space Models : Studying redistribution of weight on latent variables". Thesis, KTH, Skolan för teknikvetenskap (SCI), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-153776.
Testo completoMålet med alla semantiska fördelningsmodeller (DSMs) är en skalbaroch precis representation av semantiska relationer. Nya rön från Bullinaria & Levy (2012) och Caron (2001) indikerar att man kan förbättra prestandan avsevärt genom att omfördela vikten ifrån principalkomponenterna med störst varians mot de lägre. Varför metoden fungerar är dock fortfarande oklart, delvis på grund av höga beräkningskostnader för PCA men även på grund av att resultaten strider mot tidigare praxis. Vi börjar med att replikera resultaten i Bullinaria & Levy (2012) för att sedan fördjupa oss i resultaten, både kvantitativt och kvalitativt, genom att använda oss av BLESS testet. Huvudresultaten av denna studie är verifiering av 100% på TOEFL testet och ett nytt resultat på en paradigmatisk variant av BLESStestet på 91.5%. Våra resultat tyder på att en omfördelning av vikten ifrån de första principalkomponenterna leder till en förändring i fördelningensins emellan de semantiska relationerna vilket delvis förklarar förbättringen i TOEFL resultaten. Vidare finner vi i enlighet med tidigare resultat ingen signifikant relation mellan ordfrekvenser och viktomfördelning. Utifrån dessa resultat föreslår vi en rad experiment som kan ge vidare insikt till dessa intressanta resultat.
Jung, Sunho. "Regularized structural equation models with latent variables". Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66858.
Testo completoDans les modèles d'équations structurales avec des variables latentes, l'estimation demaximum devraisemblance est la méthode d'estimation la plus utilisée. Par contre, la méthode de maximum devraisemblance souvent ne réussit pas á fournir des solutions exactes, par exemple lorsque les échantillons sont petits, les données ne sont pas normale, ou lorsque le modèle est mal specifié. L'estimation des moindres carrés á deux-phases est asymptotiquement sans distribution et robuste contre mauvaises spécifications, mais elle manque de robustesse quand les chantillons sont petits. Afin de surmonter les trois difficultés mentionnés ci-dessus et d'obtenir une estimation plus exacte, des extensions régularisées des moindres carrés á deux phases sont proposé á qui incorporent directement un type de régularisation dans les modèles d'équations structurales avec des variables latentes. Deux études de simulation et deux applications empiriques démontrent que la méthode propose est une alternative prometteuse aux méthodes de maximum vraisemblance et de l'estimation des moindres carrés á deux-phases. Un paramètre de régularisation valeur optimale a été trouvé par la technique de validation croisé d'ordre K. Une méthode non-paramétrique Bootstrap est utilisée afin d'évaluer la stabilité des solutions. Une mesure d'adéquation est utilisée pour estimer l'adéquation globale.
Pegoraro, Fulvio <1974>. "Discrete time pricing: models with latent variables". Doctoral thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/197.
Testo completoChristmas, Jacqueline. "Robust spatio-temporal latent variable models". Thesis, University of Exeter, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/3051.
Testo completoPaquet, Ulrich. "Bayesian inference for latent variable models". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.613111.
Testo completoO'Sullivan, Aidan Michael. "Bayesian latent variable models with applications". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/19191.
Testo completoZhang, Cheng. "Structured Representation Using Latent Variable Models". Doctoral thesis, KTH, Datorseende och robotik, CVAP, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-191455.
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Surian, Didi. "Novel Applications Using Latent Variable Models". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/14014.
Testo completoParsons, S. "Approximation methods for latent variable models". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2016. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1513250/.
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