Tesi sul tema "Mobilités sociales"
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Terrier, Eugénie. "Mobilités et expériences territoriales des étudiants internationaux en Bretagne : interroger le rapport mobilités spatiales - inégalités sociales à partir des migrations étudiantes". Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00458198.
Testo completoSaly-Giocanti, Frédéric. "Sociétés urbaines en mutation : mobilités sociales et géographiques à Mannheim et Fribourg de 1871 à 1933". Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010705.
Testo completoFerrette, Jean. "Les mobilités sociales ouvrières inter et intra-générationnelle : système et acteurs : étude de socio-anthropologie longitudinale". Caen, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CAEN1543.
Testo completoBroussard, Celia. "Mobilités locales des retraités désignés comme fragiles bénéficiant d'une aide de l'action sociale de la Cnav". Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMLH09.
Testo completoThis PhD thesis in Sociology explores local mobility patterns of pensioners, comparing beneficiaries of social welfare from the “Caisse nationale d'assurance vieillesse” (France’s public institution in charge of managing pensions) and individuals who do not benefit from this financial support. Local mobility is understood in this context as a three-pronged process: from planning the trip to actually moving to the adjacent social interactions. This local mobility is being promoted, albeit indirectly, by public policies on ageing with awareness campaigns mostly revolving around the concept of "ageing well" (“bien-veillir”) through a healthy lifestyle.This research finds that welfare beneficiaries face a form of cognitive dissonance from the institutions: whilst pensioners’ adherence to the “ageing well” framework depends on remaining mobile, only mobility impairments unlock access to institutional support. Meanwhile, mobility strategies are being developed around both formal and informal support, and innovations arise that offer new forms of mobility. Ageing is indeed a life stage prone to exploring new mobility options. In order for the elderly to engage better with policies and public health campaigns, the "ageing well" framework would benefit from a more flexible approach to the new forms of mobility so as to truly adapt to pensioners’ built environment
Bréant, Hugo. "Les chemins internationaux de la mobilité sociale : expériences de mobilité et d’immobilité sociale dans les parcours migratoires comparés d’émigrés comoriens et togolais". Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01D085.
Testo completoThis thesis explores the life course of Comorian and Togolese migrants by focusing on. the dual dimension of international mobility, understood both as a spatial mobility process and as a social mobility trajectory. In order to investigate this mobility, the study was both conducted in France and in the two countries of origin. Nearly 200 life stories of non-migrants. migrants, returning migrants and their close relations were collected and completed by observations within the families. The research questions the crossing of international borders as a mean to overcome national social boundaries, that is to say, the ways migrants appropriate international mobility and convert their experiences into resources allowing them to begin a process of upward social mobility. This study stresses that the national migration history, the restrictive political conditions of international mobility and the families' dispositions for migration ail combine to create unequal individual courses. The multidimensional comparison of migrants from both countries that show diverse social characteristics highlights the central influence of family history and migrants' social background in the explanation of their persona! trajectories. The study also demonstrates that international mobility pushes migrants to cross several national and social spaces and to engage in paths that combine both experiences of immobility and social mobility. Beyond these contrasting individual experiences, the thesis finally shows that the migration process is perpetuating inequalities as well as blurring the social boundaries in the countries of origin
Faure-Guichard, Catherine. "La relation d'emploi intérimaire : identités professionnelles et sociales en questions et mobilités sur le marché du travail". Aix-Marseille 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX24004.
Testo completoArnauld, de Sartre Xavier. "Territorialités contradictoires des jeunes ruraux amazoniens : mobilités paysannes ou sédentarités professionnelles ?" Toulouse 2, 2003. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00003992.
Testo completoYouth's future is a crucial stake for family farmers, trade unionists and sustainable development actors of a pioneer frontier of Amazônia. For the trade unionists and sustainable development actors, their objectives of make the farmers adopt sustainable practices would not be achieved with the current farmers; that's why they transferred their hopes on young farmers. The family farmers would like to reproduce their peasant way of life with their children. This these studies, by the way of analysis of semi structured interviews, the stakes of these hopes; and tries to compare them to the conceptions and practices of young farmers. These, analysed by the way of biographical interviews and formalised in a typology, are strongly different of wishes of those actors, and lead us to conclude that professionalization of family farming is a process which imply a deep break in the farmers conceptions
Sencébé, Yannick. "Les lieux et les temps de l'appartenance : mobilités et territoire : une analyse sociologique du Pays diois". Lyon 2, 2001. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/2001/sencebe_y.
Testo completoMembership of social groups, geographical area and rural world: these three concepts underpin this study, which begins with the observation that geographical mobility is tending to become a way of life. This work is arranged in three parts. Part 1 is theoretical and built around the interrelation between what makes the social bond and what makes a geographical locality. What is it about the development of a sense of belonging to a social group that makes it consistent with reference to "place"? What is it about the development of a collective place that engenders a social bond? The other two parts cast light on these issues by combining a monograph on the Diois area (Drôme), a rural area where a local charter is being developed, with an analysis of the places frequented by users and inhabitants. The corpus of Part 2 comprises an analysis of about a hundred personal accounts, from which a typology of forms of social membership is developed. Cross-feeding between the regional monograph and the typology shows just how much phenomena of mobility have contributed to the development of the "pays Diois". Conflicting practices related to the different forms of appropriation of the area have prompted an active minority to take its future in hand. This analysis allows models of local development to be interpreted in relation to migratory flows. Identification with the urban model in the days of the drift from the land has been superseded by a rural model, with the area being revitalized. Boundaries are drawn on the grounds of selective and negotiated admission, forming the basis of mutual trust among the active minority. The claim in the local charter about a transition from the status of backwater in the era of all-out production to that of leader in the era of quality production (quality of life, quality of the environment, etc. ) is indicative of the dynamics of rural development: an area once considered in need of modernization is now a collective good to be safeguarded
Dias, Pierre. "Les représentations spatiales de la ville et les mobilités quotidiennes au prisme des positions sociales : une approche socio-cognitive des ségrégations socio-spatiales". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAG003/document.
Testo completoEver since the earliest forms of urbanism, cities have been shaped by ideological constructs that impact the everyday life of individuals and socio-spatial segregations. This PhD thesis focuses specifically on how positions in the social structure are objectified in the representations and everyday practice of urban space. Based on study of five different socio-spatial representations among University of Strasbourg staffers, it evidences a principle of structural homology between the cognitive, spatial and social dimensions of the individual-environment relationship. Some groups have a functional relationship to the city that reflects the complexity of the places they frequent. Conversely, others have an evaluative relationship that focuses on ‘emblematic’ places. These two relationships are markers of these groups’ social identities. Whereas the former are dominated and may seek to enhance their status through their practices, the latter are dominant and do so by making reference to the global city and comparing their city to others. The identity stakes of socially internalized spatial practices and representations ultimately contribute to segregation
Pongnon, Vogly Nahum. "Immigration haïtienne, formation professionnelle et projets de vie : stratégies de mobilités sociales des haïtiens et capverdiens dans le contexte brésilien". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2017. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/23920.
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Pretendemos analisar nesta pesquisa sobre a imigração haitiana para o Brasil, um grupo intermediário de trabalhador que é muitas vezes ignorado pelos pesquisadores e analistas que se interessam pelo tema. Trata-se daqueles que têm um nível educacional médio. Eles sofreram um desnível do seu estatuto e receberam o mesmo tratamento que qualquer outra categoria de imigrantes, apesar de seus níveis educacionais econômicas e sociais distintos. Acontece que seu status educacional e profissional foram manipulados para as necessidades do mercado de trabalho. Este fato de sobre qualificação em relação às funções desempenhadas é frequentemente evocado, a fim de construir uma imagem atípica do imigrante haitiano. O centro analítico se estende, por um lado, e se limita, por outro, para aqueles que tenham atingido o nível mínimo aceitável de educação, tendo acabado os cursos secundários ou ensino médio. Os dados foram coletados, principalmente, em torno da área da cidade de Brasília e examinamos o período de 2011 a 2015. Acontece que a formação educacional dos haitianos é muitas vezes confundida com as suas experiências profissionais no contexto da migração aqui no Brasil. Um dos argumentos da tese que nós defendemos com apoio da análise comparada do sistema educativo está fundado na premissa de que o período em que estas gerações haitianas de imigrantes viveram no Haiti, marcado por crises sistêmicas, afetando, de modo agravado, as áreas rurais, tornou difícil que eles tivessem acesso a experiências profissionais úteis e de melhor qualidade. A adequação existente entre a experiência de trabalho e seu status no país de origem é vivenciada no país de acolhimento como uma acomodação e são interpretadas de muitos modos distintos nos países de destino. Os sentimentos expressos nesse contexto se traduzem pelo nível de conforto demonstrado nas funções experimentadas no mercado de trabalho brasileiro. Além disso, segue-se que a adequação não é apenas resultado da inserção ascendente ou descendente do imigrante, ou simplesmente resultado da adequação entre a função exercida e o perfil sócio educacional. Isto pode ser considerado como absoluto ou relativo. Nossa estratégia de escolha metodológica não tem como objetivo comparar ambos os contextos migratórios, queremos entender a singularidade do caso do Haiti no contexto brasileiro, comparando-o a um segmento ou categoria de estrangeiro no Brasil com o mesmo perfil e origem étnico racial. Além das diferenças, os dados de campo mostraram que esses dois grupos têm semelhanças profundas no seu sistema social, educacional e vários aspectos de suas identidades culturais. Através das observações de campo e análise qualitativa dos discursos dos interlocutores, constatamos, de fato, que os conceitos de status e capital social são variáveis cruciais que explicam suas atitudes face a esta nova situação. Em termos de novos resultados produzidos pela análise da tese, chegamos à conclusão de que os haitianos têm em um contexto migratório uma atitude distinta que está relacionada com a sua própria trajetória social e histórica. A cidade de Brasília se apresenta como um espaço complexo para a realização do plano de migração. Percebida assim pelos migrantes devido ao fato da pré-construção que fizeram da cidade e imaginado a partir de seus capitais sócio-educativos e culturais adquiridos nos seus países de origem. Finalemnte, a experiência haitiana de inserção desqualificada nos postos de emprego facilitou a criação de regulamentos, harmonizando a oferta de emprego e a demanda de formação por trabalhadores estrangeiros, o que deu origem a uma nova categoria de trabalhador migrante que chamamos de "trabalhadores migrantes e estudantes”.
We intend to analyze in this research about Haïtian immigration to Brazil, an intermediate group of workers that is often ignored by researchers and analysts who are interested in the subject. These are those who have an average educational level. They suffered a gap of their status and received the same treatment as any other category of immigrants, despite their distinct economic and social educational levels. It turns out that their educational and professional status have been manipulated to the needs of the job market. This fact of overqualification in relation to the functions performed is often evoked in order to construct an atypical image of the Haitian immigrant. In this sense, our field of intervention is circumscribed to this segment. In fact, the analytical center extends and is limited to those who have reached the minimum acceptable level of education, having concluded all secondary courses. The data was collected mainly around the area of the city of Brasília and was analyzed during the period of 2011 to 2015. It so happens that the education of Haitians is often confused with their professional experiences in the context of the migration here in Brazil. One of the arguments of the thesis that comes from the comparative analysis of the educational system is that the period in which these generations of Haitian immigrants lived in Haiti they were affected by systematic crisis, mainly in the rural areas that affected the possibility to access more useful and better qualified professional experiences. It thus became difficult for them to be endowed with higher levels of professional experience and high quality of education in accordance with the Eurocentric approach of the education in Haiti. The inadequacy between the previous employment experience and their status in the country of origin are felt in the host country as an accommodation. The sentiments expressed during this research are reflected by the sense of comfort shown in the functions involved in the job market and they receive multiple intepretations in the countries of destination. In addition, this adequacy does not only lead to this dichotomous aspec t, ascending or descending insertion or simply appropriate and inappropriate between an exercised function and social educational profile. This can be considered as absolute or relative. Our strategy of methodological choice is not intended to compare both migratory contexts, we want to understand the uniqueness of the case of Haiti in the Brazilian context, comparing it to a segment or category of foreigners in Brazil with the same profile and racial ethnic origin. In addition to the differences, the field data showed that these two groups have deep similarities in their social, educational, and various aspects of their cultural identities.Through field observations and its qualitative analysis, we find with effect, that the concepts, state and social capital are crucial variables that explain their attitudes in the face of this new situation. In terms of new results produced by the analysis of the thesis. In conclusion, we conclude that Haitians have a distinct attitude in a migration context that is linked to their own social and historical history. The city of Brasília presents itself as a complex space for the accomplishment of the migration plan. It is perceived so by immigrants from the fact of the pre-construction made of the city and as imagined from their social educative and cultural capitals acquired in their country of origin. In the end, the Haitian experience of disqualified insertion at the work place facilitated the creation of generally binding regulations, harmonizing the job offer and the demand of training of foreigners and workers, which gave rise to a new category migrant worker who we call “migrant workers and students."
Nos proponemos analizar esta investigación sobre la inmigración haitiana a Brasil, un grupo intermedio trabajador que a menudo se pasa por alto por los investigadores y analistas que están interesados en el tema. Son los que tienen un nivel educativo promedio. Ellos experimentaron una depresión de su estado y recibieron el mismo tratamiento que cualquier otra categoría de inmigrantes, a pesar de sus niveles educativos económicos y sociales distintos. Resulta que su situación educativa y profesional se ha manipulado a las necesidades del mercado laboral. Este hecho acerca de la calificación en relación con las funciones desempeñadas a menudo evocado con el fin de construir una imagen atípica del inmigrante haitiano. En efecto, el centro analítico se extiende y se limita para aquellos que hayan alcanzado el nivel mínimo aceptable de educación, que hayan acabado la secundaria hasta el pregrado. Consideramos los datos recolectados principalmente en torno del área de la ciudad de Brasília y examinamos el período de 2011 a 2015. Sucede que la formación educacional de los haitianos es muchas veces confundida con sus experiencias profesionales en el contexto de la migración aquí en el Brasil. Uno de los argumentos de la tesis que defendemos, con apoyo del análisis comparado del sistema educativo, está fundamentado en la premisa de que el periodo en que estas generaciones haitianas de inmigrantes vivieron en Haití estuvo marcado por crisis sistémicas, afectando gravemente las áreas rurales, haciendo difícil que ellos tuvieran acceso a experiencias profesionales útiles y de mejor nivel. La adecuación entre las tareas cumplidas y su status en el país de origen reciben múltiplas interpretaciones en los países de destino, al respecto de su nivel en la jerarquía social y de la efectividad comparativa entre los potenciales cualitativos y cuantitativos de las capitales sociales de cada uno. Los sentimientos expresados en el cuadro de esta investigación se traducen por el nivel de confort mostrado en las funciones envueltas en el mercado de trabajo. Además de esto, esta poca adecuación no apenas lleva este aspecto dicotómico, sino la inserción ascendente o descendente o simplemente adecuada e inadecuada entre la función ejercida y el perfil socio educativo. Esto puede ser considerado como absoluto o relativo. Nuestra elección de estrategia metodológica no se piensa como objetivo de comparar ambos contextos de migración, queremos entender la singularidad del caso de Haití en el contexto brasileño, comparándolo con un segmento o categoría extranjera en Brasil con el mismo perfil y origen étnico racial. Además de las diferencias, los datos de campo han demostrado que estos dos grupos tienen profundas similitudes en su sistema social, la educación y los diversos aspectos de sus identidades culturales. A través de las observaciones de campo y análisis cualitativo de su discurso constatamos en efecto que los conceptos, estado y capital social son variables cruciales que explican sus actitudes frente a esta nueva situación. En términos de nuevos resultados producidos por el análisis de la tesis, llegamos a la conclusión de que los haitianos tienen una actitud distinta en un contexto migratorio que se relaciona con su propia trajectoria social e histórico. La ciudad de Brasília se presenta como un espacio complejo para la realización del plano de migración. Percibida así por los migrantes de hecho de la pre-construcción que hicieron de la ciudad e imaginando a partir de sus capitales socio-educativos y culturales adquiridos en su país de origen. Finalmente, la experiencia haitiana de inserción descalificada en el puesto de empleo facilitó la creación de reglamentos con fuerza obligatoria general, armonizando la oferta de empleo y la demanda de formación por los extranjeros y trabajadores, lo que dio origen a una nueva categoría trabajador migrante que llamamos de “trabajadores migrantes y estudiantes”
Nous comptons analyser dans le cadre de cette recherche sur l´immigration Haïtienne au Brésil, un groupe intermédiaire de travailleurs qui est souvent négligé par les chercheurs et analystes qui se sont intéressés par le thème. Il concerne ceux-là qui possèdent un niveau éducationnel moyen. Ils ont subi un dénivellement de leur statut et ont reçu les mêmes traitements que toute autre catégorie d´immigrants, malgré leurs parcours sociaux économiques et éducationnels distincts. Il s´avère que leurs statuts éducationnel et professionnel ont été manipulés pour les besoins du marché d´emplois. Ce fait de surqualification en relation aux fonctions accomplis est souvent évoqué dans le but de construire une image atypique de l´immigrant Haïtien, notre champ d´intervention analytique est circonscrit dans ce segment de catégorie. En effet, le centre d´analyse s´étend et se limite à ceux qui ont atteint le niveau minimal acceptable de formation, allant de la fin d´études secondaires au premier cycle universitaire. Nous considérons des donnés prélevées principalement aux alentours de l´espace de la ville de Brasília et nous examinons la période de 2011 à 2015. Il arrive que la formation éducationnelle des haïtiens se confonde souvent avec leurs expériences professionnelles, en contexte migratoire ici, au Brésil. Un des arguments de thèse que nous soutenons à l´aide de l´analyse comparée du système éducatif est fondé sur les prémisses que pour la période que ces générations d´immigrants haïtiens ont vécu en Haïti, marquée par des crises systémiques, affectant de manière aggravée le milieu rural, rend difficile qu´ils soient ainsi munis d´expérience professionnel plus utile et qualifiée. L’adéquation existante, pourtant, entre les tâches accomplies et leur status au pays d´origine, est vécue différemment, au regard de leur rang dans la hiérarchie sociale et de l´effectivité comparative entre les potentialités quantitative et qualitative des capitaux sociaux de chacun. Celle-ci s´exprime dans le cadre de cette recherche par le niveau de conformabilité dans les fonctions occupées dans le marché d´emplois et par les intepretations diverses aux différents pays de déstination. Aussi, il en résulte que cette inadéquation ne revêt pas seulement cet aspect dichotomique, d´insertion ascendante ou descendante, positif ou négatif, simplement adéquat et inadéquat entre fonction et profil socio éducationnel. Ceci peut être considéré comme absolu ou relatif. Notre stratégie de choix méthodologique ne vise pas comme objectif de comparer les deux contextes migratoires, nous voudrons comprendre la singularité du cas haïtien en contexte Brésilien en le comparant à un segment ou catégorie d´étrangers au Brésil de même profil et de même origine ethnico-racial. Au-delá des différences, les données de terrain nous montrent que ces deux groupes ont des similitudes profondes au niveau de leur système sociale, éducatif et des diverses facettes de leurs identités culturelles. A travers des observations de terrain et des analyses qualitatives de leur discours, nous constatons, en effet, que les concepts de status et de capital social sont des variables déterminantes qui expliquent leur attitude face à cette nouvelle situation. En termes de nouveaux résultats produits par les analyses de la Thèse, nous aboutissons à la conclusion que les haïtiens ont une attitude distincte en contexte migratoire qui est liée à leur trajectoire sociale et historique propre. La ville de Brasília se présente comme un espace complexe pour la réalisation de plan migratoire. Elle est ainsi perçue par les migrants du fait de la pré-construction, réalisée et imaginée de la ville, au regard de leurs capitaux socio éducatif et culturel acquis au pays d´origine. Enfin, l´expérience haïtienne d´insertion déqualifiée dans des postes d´emplois a facilité la création des règlements de portée générale, harmonisant l´offre d´emploi et demande de formation pour les étrangers et travailleurs, ce qui a fait surgir une nouvelle catégorie de travailleur migrant que nous dénommons « travailleurs migrants et étudiants ».
Flamein, Richard. "Mobilités sociales et matrice des identités bourgeoises d'Ancien Régime par l'univers matériel : la "résistible ascension" des Le Couteulx (1600-1824)". Rouen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ROUEL025.
Testo completo« The Ancient Regime society of orders hardly allows social mobilities », « dynastic capitalism in France suffers from its rigid structures », « The 18th century tradesman’s only desire is to rise above his station through the ennobling of his whole lineage »: here are only a few clichés challenged by our thesis, the specificity of which being the originality of our approach: leaving aside identity as an a priori notion, we wish to offer a matrix of the empirical mode of production of bourgeois identities in Ancient Regime based upon a minute analysis of material belongings. We thus intend to establish a near-to-complete view of bourgeois social mobility between 1600 and 1824. With this purpose in mind, our approach clearly distinguishes between strategy and factors of fluidity — the former making up the very bourgeois paradigms of identity : enterprise and capital, properties and territories, family and transmission. Inertia is only apparent and raises the question of the vitality of the forms of social reproduction in the early modern era; emphasis is hence bound to be on the negotiated and always renewed dimension of the elements establishing a social position. Moving from a collective conception of social change as prevailing in the 17th century to a then more fluid and individual-based approach, our dissertation sets out to show the forms of social re-composition in the 18th century. The picture, which thus emerges, is that of a society of appearances as much as a society of movement. Reconsidering the link between mobilities and the formation of social identities, our work aims at shedding a new light on the social meaning of internal destructuring and restructuring, on the redefinition of the notion of belonging, on the negotiating procedures along the borders between groups, and, finally, on the unexpected diffraction of models of promotion in the 18th century through the victory of cultural factors of fluidity on the material types of appropriation, thus redistributing the notions of luxury and ostentatiousness. Not only is the Ancient Regime society mobile, but the conditions of such mobility also change radically through the period we have chosen to study
Thébault, Vincent. "Les bourgeois de la terre : stratégies foncières et mobilités sociales dans le midi toulousain au dix-neuvème et vingtième siècles". Toulouse 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU20087.
Testo completoThe study of social mobility in land ownership, if based upon the genealogical analysis of landed estates, re-establishes complex trends, so far overlooked in favour of economic explanations largely inspired by the marxist model which prevailed in the 1960's. The analysis of the evolution of large landed estates in the toulouse area of the midi from 1830 to 1992 challenges the thesis that economic factors should be given priority in explaining changes in the ownership of large landed estates. Such elements as social mobility between generations and within the same generations and the declining role played by land property in defining one's identity nowadays are fare more influential in altering the distribution of large land property than the variations of farm income, the level of ground rent or the market value of a property. In a situation in which the land receives patrimonial value from the owner, its management is disconnected from any considerations related to the variations of its economic value. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, the importance granted to land ownership by the bourgeoisie in the definition of one's identity and social position accounts for the limited mobility of land ownership, in spite of changing economic circumstances. That is why, in the late 19th century, the collapse of ground rent did not cause the large landed estates of the bourgeoisie to disappear but instead froze the social distribution of vast estates, as owners set up strategies for preserving their patrimonies with a view to ensuring the perpetuation of social structures. Conversely, the increased social mobility of families in the 20th century, changing social representations - notably that of the elites - explain the changing strategies of landowners. Since
Pasini, Jérémy. "Mobilités spatiales, usages du téléphone mobile et développement socio-économique dans le Moungo central (Cameroun) : une étude au prisme des spatialités individuelles". Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU20047/document.
Testo completoThis work considers physical mobilities and wireless telecommunication as a resource, because they help people to construct, organize and adapt livelihoods to the new conditions that may arise. According to Robert Chambers and Gordon Conway (1991), rural livelihoods generally comprise several activities like cultivation, hunting, wage labour, trading, offering services in transport, etc. These activities variously provide food, cash and other goods to satisfy human needs. The activities form a system of places that are used on a regular basis. In case of chocs or opportunity, individuals have to leave certain activities and adopt others that are less exposed to risks and more profitable. In other terms, they arrange differently their living space in the sense that they stop using certain places and start using others. Michel Lussault (2007; 2003) calls “spatiality” the ability of an individual to adjust his geographical position, as well as the position of his activities, in order to meet his proper objectives
Quashie, Hélène. "Ethnicités en miroir. Constructions sociales croisées de la blanchité et de l'africanité au prisme des mobilités touristiques et migratoires vers le Sénégal". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH089.
Testo completoBased on six fieldworks conducted in several regions of Senegal (Petite Côte, Saloum, Saint-Louis, Oriental Senegal and Dakar), this thesis explores the social mechanisms which articulate class and race issues in different contexts of mobility and migration from Europe and North America. The trajectories, practices and ways of socializing investigated are related to seaside and cultural tourism, individual entrepreneurship in post-tourist contexts, study abroad programs and professional flows of voluntary service and expatriation. These social and globalized settings, often addressed in distinct fields of research, underlie a cross analysis of the constructions of two ethnicity – whiteness and africaness – considered as emic and etic notions. The social identities they produce respond to one another and reveal recurring patterns in social hierarchy and racial confrontation throughout individual interactions and collective dynamics. They also echo logics of social stratification and selection within the Senegalese society, which are combined with culturalist and ethnic representations, beyond color markers. The contexts of mobility and migration investigated are embedded into specific socio-historical backgrounds, transnational asymmetry of class and process of identification based on religion, phenotype and gender. They all reflect the heuristic value of whiteness and its production of identity in social, racialized and ethnicized categorization, regarding multiple meanings of africaness. Analyzing these mechanisms of social distinction in an African society such as Senegal leads to face postcolonial thinking with the ambiguities of social spheres. It also questions the positionality of researchers through ethnography and in the production of knowledge about Africa
Nguyen, Quan Son. "Mobilités spatiales et ségrégation dans un contexte de métropolisation : Le cas de Hanoi". Thesis, Lyon 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO20049/document.
Testo completoSince 2008, Hanoi has become one of the greatest capitals of the world, by integrating new territories. Hanoi aims to become a highly competitive city turned towards the sub-region in the Asian continent. However, the urbanization process faces many obstacles, including a strong dependence on individual urban transport modes, particularly motorcycles. However, the current metropolization process of Hanoi brings about new challenges for urban transport such as the change in urban structure and functions, the emergence of intra-urban mobility over long distances and the risk of socio-spatial segregation. Through the observation of the characteristics of metropolization in Hanoi, this study examines the influences of socio-spatial segregation on urban mobility and how the inhabitants adapt to the increasingly segregated urban context in terms of mobility and activities. To deal with this issue, we conducted in 2013 a survey focused on the vulnerable population. Comparative analyses were carried out, using data from our own survey and from the 2003 PRUD survey. Census data both at the national and local level were also used. The results show that the metropolization process of Hanoi has not only similarities but also singularities compared to processes observed in other cities. Metropolitan dynamics reinforce segregated characters in the territories of Hanoi. Socio-spatial segregation has clear-cut impacts on the mobility behavior of people (residential mobility) and the access to urban services (daily mobility), especially for the poor. To face up to this situation and because of the inefficiency of the bus network and the delays in the implementation of urban transport projects, the poorest people turn to alternative modes of transport (taxi and motorcycle taxi) to adjust to their living conditions
Delbos, Jean-Brieux. "Les électeurs censitaires parisiens des années 1840 et leur devenir : richesse, inégalités, mobilités économique et géographique". Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0112.
Testo completoThis economic history dissertation aims to analyse quantitatively the links between wealth and economic and geographic mobility in France from the 1840s to the 1880s through the study of franchised Parisian voters of the 1840s. To do so, an original dataset has been built by matching different sources so as to follow the multiple trajectories of the individuals who belong to this particularly rich and politically important group over time. Short-term individual mobility is observed by matching individuals across electoral lists from the last years of the July Monarchy. Long-term mobility is revealed by exploiting the Parisian tables of successions and absences (TSA). These contain information about the wealth at death of individuals. Both in the short- and long-run, economic and geographic mobility proves to be considerable, raising serious questions about the long-held idea of a close and stable elite group. Parisian franchised voters appear to be an instant class, with a large heterogeneity that was continuously renewed under the effect of powerful economic mechanisms that have been highlighted in a series of econometric regressions. Beyond the franchised electorate, the group of the wealthy individuals who appear in the Parisian TSA shows the massive extent of mobility in the 19th century: only half of these individuals were on the 1845 franchise lists considered at the national level. Taken as a whole, our results lead to renew the debate about the elites and wealth
Devleeshouwer, Perrine. "De l'école à la ville: analyse des relations entre carrières scolaires, hiérarchies d'établissements et mobilités spatiales à Bruxelles". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209593.
Testo completoTentant d’apporter une approche novatrice aux recherches relatives aux interactions entre mondes scolaires et mondes urbains et voulant éviter les limites des études relatives aux effets de quartier, notre thèse poursuit une démarche inductive basée sur ces lacunes théoriques. Le premier de ces objectifs est d’intégrer sociologie de l’éducation et sociologie urbaine dans une même approche afin d’appréhender de manière complète les questionnements liés aux recouvrements entre ségrégations scolaires et ségrégations urbaines. Notre deuxième objectif renvoie davantage au contexte de la recherche. Tant la sociologie de l’éducation que la sociologie urbaine ont tendance à se focaliser sur des contextes empiriques hautement ségrégués. Ces recherches montrent les logiques de hiérarchisation et de polarisation du système en opposant les écoles du haut et les écoles du bas de la hiérarchie scolaire. Les contextes scolaires favorisés sont très peu mis en avant en sociologie de l’éducation et les contextes intermédiaires ne le sont presque jamais. L’un des objectifs principaux de notre thèse consiste à investiguer le contexte des écoles dites « moyennes » dans les hiérarchies scolaires. L’objectif principal ici est de déterminer le profil de ces écoles du point de vue des populations scolaires, mais également du point de vue des politiques d’établissement et des vécus que cette position d’école « moyenne » suscite tant chez les élèves que chez les enseignants.
Concernant notre approche méthodologique, nous avons mis en place un dispositif de recherche très construit afin de sélectionner des écoles « moyennes ». Cette sélection s’opère par choix raisonné afin de définir clairement les situations étudiées. Deux critères ont été utilisés à cet effet concernant les deux principales formes de hiérarchisation de notre système scolaire :les filières d’enseignement et le niveau socioéconomique des établissements scolaires. Dans les établissements retenus, nous avons utilisé des méthodes mixtes de recueil de données :entretiens, questionnaire, données sur la géographie des lieux de résidence et cartes mentales.
Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Liu, Ziqin. "Les jeunes diplômés chinois à l’épreuve de la précarité. Mobilités, accès à l’emploi et rapport au travail. Le cas des jeunes migrants qualifiés dans les villages-urbains à Pékin". Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENSL0956/document.
Testo completoThis thesis is part of the broader issue of the transformation of the labor market in China over the past two decades and the place of young migrant workers in this process. In the context of economic transition, Chine has witnessed many important changes such as the phenomenon of urban labor market segmentation, the rise in unemployment and the massive creation of informal jobs, all leading to increased mobility in the working world, as seen particularly in the phenomenon of mass domestic migration. Migrant working youth – especially university graduates from a rural background (or smaller cities) who move to large cities - are being increasingly relegated to the urban areas of vulnerability (Robert Castel,1995) where different forms of precariousness (especially in terms of employment and housing) overlap and accumulate. China’s strong economic growth has given rise to inequalities that are multiplying and deepening at a dizzying rate. Upward mobility seems broken as feeling of injustice is rising. This migration phenomenon, a simultaneous transformation of the labor market and urban restructuring, is the focus of our study. We shall examine the case of young skilled migrants living in urban villages in Beijing, analytical figures of metamorphosis in progress. This research was conducted between 2011 and 2012 in an urban village in Beijing. The subjects had between 2 and 8 years of professional experience and lived in urban villages in Beijing at the time of the survey. This research is based on empirical data collected and analyzed using various methods. Our fieldwork in China enabled us to distribute180 questionnaires (quantitative data), 60 biographical interviews (qualitative material) as well as an ethnographic observation in an urban village. This study aims to investigate, in terms of careers, the process of professional integration and the experience of migration of graduates by looking at structural factors (employment policy, migration policy, networks, etc.), and the narrative pattern used by young people to relate their journey, in order to highlight the mechanisms that produce inequalities and construct social identities underlying the changes being observed in China. Our study has three objectives. The first is to understand both the different positions and statuses held and the way in which young people interpret their journey from their perspective, the positions they hold and the strategies they adapt. The second objective is to demonstrate how their objective and subjective identities interact and are redefined, as well as how their relationships toward work are formed. Thirdly, the goal is to articulate the issue of professional integration and its relationship to physical space, in a context where mobility is becoming a social norm in both the working world and the management of migration (Hélène Pellerin 2011)
Jaouen, Yann. "Richesses foncières et espaces au Haut Moyen-Âge : jeux d'échelles et de représentations en Gaule de l'Empire romain tardif à l'Empire carolingien". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024SORUL056.
Testo completoThis study focuses on the interactions and developments between resources, controlled spaces, social positioning and collective memory in Gaul from the fourth to the ninth century. It emphasises the strength of representations and the importance of scales and focal points for questions relating to wealth and space. It proposes hypotheses on individual and collective geostrategies implemented with regard to changing environments and evolving territories. It underlines a relative economic rationality of medieval actors, which does not exclude irrational compartmentalisations and violent balances of power in the domination of the land. It studies the way in which actors from the early Middle Ages created or used memories of land circulation as tools of collective memory, influence and power. It highlights the permanent change of land allowing people to continually reinvest in a constantly evolving social stratigraphy and political structures. It insists on reducing the importance of property, land and space in the social positioning of individuals in favor of access to networks. It proposes hypotheses on the modalities by which alto-medieval populations represented space
Leray, Frédéric. "Les mères seules et leurs espaces de vie : Mobilités résidentielles et pratiques quotidiennes de l’espace des femmes seules avec enfant(s) en Bretagne". Rennes 2, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00551602/fr/.
Testo completoThe growing instability of couples, married or not, has largely contributed to the increase of single parenthood. Nowadays, 20% of French families with children are single-parent families. Among these families, 85% are women-headed (Insee, 2006). While several studies have been devoted to understand the poverty of women with children, researches on their living spaces and their spatial practices are uncommon. This is why the model of « social space of vulnerability » (Séchet and al. , 2002) offers an interesting framework to support the methodology of the doctoral research. The methodology combines a quantitative method (questionnaire) and a qualitative one (interviews), allowing us to measure the constraints of residential and daily mobilities on single mothers lives. Firstly, it appears that single parenthood involves residential mobility and residential regression because of a limited choice of housing (localisation, status). Secondly, the analysis has shown that residential mobility comes often with a diminution of social networks, time, capacity for mobility and therefore, by a retraction of the living spaces. Finally, the research has revealed various forms of vulnerability (economic, social, spatial) interacting with each other and leading to cumulative risks: poverty, spatial marginalization and social exclusion
Altasserre, Stephan. "Les mobilités bulgares en Europe occidentale et plus particulièrement en France au cours de la période postcommuniste (1989-2012)". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAC025.
Testo completoThe main objective of this PhD research was to type the specificities of Bulgarian post-communist mobility to France. First of ail, the research focused on highlighting the common features of migration in Western Europe. Then, specificities were revealed on some territories, including French regions.The research finally led to distinguish mobilities to France from the rest of Bulgarian migrations within Europe, revealing some specificities, as follows: French-speaking intellectual migrants including students, alumni from French schools, the spreading of Danovism from France, the activism of the former generations of Bulgarian immigrants, the role of the Foreign Legion and the Roma mobility.Thus, the research allowed to define the particular aspects of choosing an immigration to France for Bulgarian people
Zani, Beatrice. "Mobilities, Translocal Economies and Emotional Modernity : from the factory to digital platforms between China and Taïwan". Thesis, Lyon, 2019. https://theses-2.univ-lyon2.fr/intranet/2019/zani_b/.
Testo completoOn the backroads, hidden inside a suitcase, invisible to border controls, an orange, fluorescent bra made in a textile factory in Southern China crosses the Strait and arrives to Taiwan. There, it wanders and circulates, on translocal physical and digital platforms, and it moves back to its place of production in China. Questioning the movements of this object implies interrogating the social and emotional patterns of its producers: young female workers who engage into rural-to-urban labor migration in China first, and marriage-migration to Taiwan later. The sui generis path of this bra illustrates women’s mobilities, which cross several social, economic and moral barriers, circulating through the borders of hierarchical, inegalitarian and rigid normative regimes.My research investigates the translocal, creative strategies these women develop, on a physical and virtual level, to “undo” a condition of subalternity experienced all along mobilities. Inside the hyper local microcosmos of their daily translocal lives, women contest markets, produce disorder and re-define an emotional modernity. Through a plurality of material and immaterial, virtual and emotional practices, Chinese migrant women cope with local and global hierarchies and inequalities to “take their place” inside new glocal spaces.Transnational entrepreneurship, under the form of an emotional petit capitalism, sustains women’s social, economic and emotional re-positioning. Setting sails through global production and local consumption, Chinese women produce multipolar economies which connect the multiple physical and digital spaces of their migrations. The cartography of the social, economic and emotional labyrinthic and bifurcated movements of the commercialised objects demonstrates the hybrid and syncretic convergence between the logics of the market and hyperlocal practices.Theoretically, epistemologically and methodologically, this work contributes to a global economic sociology, to a sociology of emotions, and to a sociology of transnational migrations.This works seeks to rethink and reconsider the movements and mobilities of objects, subjects and emotions within the complex frame of a dialectic between the local and the global, the physical and virtual, the material and the emotional. Women’s translocal emotional petit capitalism, generated through social networks and developed on the backroads, constitutes the mutable, malleable and polyhedral substance of globalisation. In that respect, the backroads, trails and paths of glocal economies can cross, merge and mix with the main roads of global markets. Globalisation can thus emerge inside these social, economic and emotional hyperlocal sections, all at once interconnected
Urien, Fanny. "Au croisement des regards. Ancrage territorial, mobilités et négociations identitaires : le cas des Samaritains de Holon (Israël) et de Kiryat Lûza (Palestine)". Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0127.
Testo completoThis thesis explores the relation between dual citizenship, religious affiliation and particularist claims observed in the formation process of the Samaritan community. Close to Judaism through religion but from which they stand out, citizens of either Palestine and Israel – where they live as an ethno-confessional minority – from whom they differentiate themselves, the Samaritans adjust their identity according to their environment, the theatre of a decades long conflict. The study of territorial, administrative and political reconfigurations since the late 19th century and how they led to multifaceted movements (geographical, social, identity) among Samaritans, sheds light on how they affect social and symbolic borders. Deliberately alternating between historical material (travellers' texts, scientific exploration reports, archives, censuses) and the data collected during the ethnographic survey, this research puts into perspective the production of an "orientalist myth" and its role in the various phases of readjustment – opening and closing – of the community's borders. It will analyse how the construction of Samaritan particularism played a key part in the process of granting social (economic, prestige) and administrative (citizenship) status, and helps to establish social and symbolic boundaries. At a crossroads between anthropological and epistemological approaches, my ambition is to go further into the forms of "scholarly authentication" (Ciarcia, 2003) of Samaritan traditions from an external perspective as well as their indigenous re-appropriation, intertwined with social and political issues. Thus, literary and scientific writings (in the field of physical anthropology, genetics, history and philology) from the 19th to the mid-20th century are put to use in a context of tourism and heritage according to categories of participants. The analysis of the speeches delivered by Samaritan representatives in a tourism context makes it possible to understand the local investment of these images – and their circulation – in order to highlight local heritage and re sacralise a place of worship, Mount Garizim. For it became the symbolic landmark and the identity bedrock to both national and transnational groups and communities. From the inclusion process of Samaritans in Israeli and Palestinian societies to the use of religion as a cultural resource and the mobilisation of an orientalist perspective, this thesis offers an unusual approach to the Samaritan case, emphasizing the balance between rooting and mobility
Pistre, Pierre. "Renouveaux des campagnes françaises : évolutions démographiques, dynamiques spatiales et recompositions sociales". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00764869.
Testo completoLeiva, Andrea. "" Yo me la paso de isla en isla" : formas de habitar e interacciones sociales en el Islote, Caribe colombiano". Thesis, Paris, EPHE, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EPHE5083/document.
Testo completoThe Islote is a small artificial island off the caribbean coast of Colombia. Its settlement began at the end of the XIX century with the arrival of itinerant fishermen from the surrounding coasts of Cartagena. To establish the island, they filled the existing key with soil and built a hamlet that grew until it reached one hectare of surface. 600 islanders live on the Islote who identify themselves as black people and costeños; they devote themselves to fishing and tourism. Based on the ethnography conducted between 2010 and 2011, the present work analyzes the ways in which the islanders relate with their environment, including other islands, the sea, and the litoral. The Islote is a piece of land totally occupied without open land: it does not have cultivation areas, beaches, or palm trees. Its appearance is interpreted by locals as a “neighborhood” in the middle of the ocean. In order to inhabit this place, the islanders extend their network of relationships towards other islands and the coast. They continuously move to small towns and municipalities where they build houses where they can reside seasonally. Furthermore, they have a tight relationship with other coastal towns; which has allowed them to gain access to goods, services, and exchanges. Unlike elsewhere in the Caribbean where relationships expand through the diversification of kin in several locations, and with many women, in the Islote the alliances between group members are prioritized. The social cohesion is interpreted here as a way to reinforce the alliances within the group and therefore makes it possible to live in different places without losing the ties that bind them
El Islote es una pequeña isla artificial del Caribe colombiano. Se comenzó a poblar a finales del siglo XIX con la llegada de pescadores itinerantes provenientes de las costas aledañas a Cartagena. Para asentarse, ellos rellenaron el suelo de un cayo y construyeron un caserío que creció hasta conformar una isla de una hectárea de superficie. Allí conviven seiscientos isleños que se identifican como gente negra y costeña, se dedican a la pesca y el turismo. Con base en la etnografía realizada entre el 2010 y el 2011, el presente trabajo analiza la forma en que los isleños se relacionan con su entorno, incluyendo las islas, el mar y el litoral. El Islote es un terreno construido en su totalidad: no tiene zonas de cultivo, ni playas, ni palmeras. Su apariencia se interpreta desde la perspectiva de los lugareños, como de un “barrio” en medio del mar. Para habitar este lugar, los isleños amplían su red de relaciones hacia las otras islas y el litoral. Estos se mueven continuamente hacia corregimientos y municipios donde construyen casas en las que residen por temporadas. Además, tienen estrecha relación con otros poblados de la costa, que les han permitido acceder a bienes, servicios e intercambios. A diferencia de otros lugares del Caribe, donde las relaciones se expanden mediante la diversificación de parentelas en varios lugares, y con diferentes mujeres, en el Islote se privilegian las alianzas entre los miembros del grupo. La cohesión se interpreta aquí, como una forma de reforzar las relaciones internas y así poder vivir en distintos lugares sin perder los vínculos que los atan. Esta tesis pretende aportar en el estudio de las interrelaciones caribeñas, mostrando que estas presentan dinámicas sociales y culturales propias
Fradejas-García, Ignacio. "Mobility, informality and networks in transnational social fields|movilidad, informalidad y redes en campos sociales transnacionales". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/673310.
Testo completoEsta tesis analiza los procesos y prácticas que conducen a la formación de campos sociales transnacionales (CSTs) y su relación con el surgimiento de enclaves de migrantes dentro de la UE. Específicamente, esta tesis investiga las (in)movilidades y las prácticas informales que los migrantes rumanos en España utilizan para superar las limitaciones de los cambiantes regímenes de movilidad y las luchas de la vida cotidiana. Basada en un trabajo de campo etnográfico de larga duración y en análisis de redes sociales, la investigación se centra en dos enclaves demográficos de rumanos en España, Castelló de la Plana y Roquetas de Mar, ambos socialmente conectados con las principales regiones de origen de los inmigrantes en Rumanía, Dâmboviţa y Bistriţa-Năsăud respectivamente. Apoyados por sus redes y atraídos por el mercado de trabajo formal e informal, los migrantes rumanos en España pasaron de ser unos pocos miles en 1998 a casi 900.000 en 2012. Se concentran en ubicaciones geográficas específicas creando enclaves demográficos, es decir, concentraciones de migrantes de un origen determinado en un destino particular, conectados con sus áreas de origen a través de CSTs, que facilitan el mantenimiento de sus vínculos transnacionales con Rumania mientras posibilitan su asentamiento en este nuevo contexto social, cultural, económico y político. En este caso, su llegada fue allanada por los mercados laborales asociados a dos robustos distritos industriales, como son la industria cerámica en Castelló de la Plana y la agroindustria en Roquetas de Mar, que proporcionaron oportunidades laborales y de emprendimiento, así como diversas formas de trabajo formal e informal. Los hallazgos de esta tesis muestran cómo los migrantes en estos contextos transnacionales usan las prácticas informales y las (in)movilidades para sortear y combatir situaciones de desigualdad que los excluyen del acceso formal a servicios, trabajo y oportunidades. La adaptación a estas nuevas situaciones vitales ocurre a través de dos procesos paralelos: informalización y formalización. Por un lado, el proceso de informalización implica aprender las reglas no escritas y seleccionar, preservar y ajustar sus prácticas informales al nuevo contexto, abandonando aquellas que son nocivas, ilícitas o ilegales. Por otro lado, el proceso de formalización implica aprender las reglas formales y adaptar las prácticas al pluralismo legal, como (p. ej., las leyes consuetudinarias o las leyes religiosas), a la regularización burocrática (p. ej., conseguir permisos de residencia y trabajo) y al establecimiento de instituciones rumanas que facilitan las formas de vida transnacionales (p. ej., iglesias, consulados, asociaciones o empresas). Más allá de la comprensión de la migración como un agregado de decisiones individuales, esta tesis avanza en el conocimiento sobre las estrategias de subsistencia que adoptan los trabajadores migrantes internos de la UE para ganarse la vida. Entender cómo las practicas informales y la (in)movilidad son utilizadas a diferentes escalas transnacionales, facilita el examen de los efectos sociales, culturales, económicos y políticos de los principios de la libre circulación y de la integración europea, que están produciendo cambios sociales que perdurarán durante generaciones.
This thesis analyses the processes and practices that lead to the formation of transnational social fields (TSFs) and the related emergence of immigrant enclaves within the EU. Specifically, the thesis investigates the (im)mobilities and informal practices that Romanian migrants in Spain use to cope with the constraints of changing mobility regimes and the struggles of their day-to-day lives. Based on long-term multi-sited ethnographic fieldwork and social network analysis, the research focuses on two demographic enclaves of Romanians in Spain, located respectively in Castelló de la Plana and Roquetas de Mar, both of which are connected socially with the main regions of the immigrants’ origins in Romania, respectively Dâmboviţa and Bistriţa-Năsăud. Supported by their networks, and attracted by the formal and informal labour markets, Romanian migrants in Spain grew from a few thousands in 1998 to nearly 900,000 in 2012. They are concentrated in specific geographical locations, creating demographic enclaves – i.e., concentrations of migrants from a given origin in a particular destination – connected with their areas of origin through TSFs, which facilitate the retention of transnational connections with Romania while enabling their settlement in this new social, cultural, economic, and political context. In this case, migrants’ arrivals were smoothed by labour markets in flourishing industrial districts, such as the ceramic industry in Castelló de la Plana and agribusiness in Roquetas de Mar, which provided employment and entrepreneurial opportunities, as well as formal and informal forms of work. The findings reported in this thesis show how migrants in these transnational contexts used informal practices and (im)mobilities to bypass and contest the unequal situations that exclude them from formal access to services, work, and opportunities. Their adaptation to their new living situations happens through two parallel processes: informalisation and formalisation. On the one hand, the informalisation process entails learning the unwritten rules, and selecting, preserving, and adjusting known informal practices to the new context, while abandoning others – mostly harmful, illicit, or illegal practices. On the other hand, the formalisation process involves learning the formal rules and adapting practices to legal pluralism, e.g., customary laws or religious laws; bureaucratic regularization e.g., residence and work permits; and the Romanian institutions that support transnational ways of life, e.g., churches, consulates, associations, or businesses. Going beyond the understanding of migration as an aggregate of individual decisions, this thesis advances our knowledge of the livelihood strategies that low-wage EU-internal migrants adopt in order to make a living. Understanding how informal practices and (im)mobilities are deployed by migrants at various transnational scales facilitates examining the social, economic, and political effects of the principles of free circulation and European integration that are producing social changes that will last for generations to come.
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Programa de Doctorat en Antropologia Social i Cultural
Di, Camillo Nicolas. "La protection sociale complémentaire au prisme des mobilités professionnelles : contribution à l’étude des frontières de la protection sociale". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 10, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA100124.
Testo completoIt is traditionally considered that supplementary social protection is a component of social protection schemes, alongside social security, social assistance or unemployment insurance. Supplementary social protection refers to all the schemes that comes above the compulsory basic social security regime, such as complementary health insurance, mandatory supplementary pension plans, retirement saving plans and the free supplementary (top-up) universal health insurance (CMUC). These different coverages are intended for employees, civil servants, self-employed workers, students, pensioners, and more generally to all unemployed people. But what does complementary social protection really covers in law and how can we understand the evolutions affecting it? Although most of the studies done on this field of research concern a specific category of population or a particular risk, it was still necessary to carry out an overall, panoramic study in order to make supplementary social protection more intelligible. This research proposes to deconstruct the complementary social protection in order to offer a renewed vision of the subject under the lens of professional mobility, which allow in return for a better comprehension of the whole social protection
El, amine Samar. "Agent-based modeling of the social and economic factors affecting the choice of transportation mode : application to the Beirut city". Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCA035/document.
Testo completoIn urban and peri-urban environments, transport and mobility are strongly linked to socio-economic activities. They are influenced by individual's personal psychology, social norms, resistance to change, personal attitude, habits, fears and beliefs. Beirut is a mono-centric city with transport supply poverty. Vehicle ownership has increased rapidly in response to the shortage of public transportation. Currently, there is an opportunity to develop mobility management services and establish sustainable mobility and accessibility in Beirut. This requires that transport modes be affordable, efficient and environmentally friendly, as well as technologies that minimize the energy consumption by focusing on three main points: reducing travel needs, adopting more environmentally friendly modes of transportation, and improving the efficiency of vehicle technology. This thesis focuses on the modeling of displacement behavior, based on agent-oriented modeling. We analyzed the data obtained from a survey we conducted for Beirut. We established a relation between employment, social status and mode of transportation selection. The subject of the thesis is an agent-oriented simulation model of road traffic using an institutional economic approach. We propose an architecture, algorithms and methods to implement the agents model in order to model and reproduce their modes of transport behavior. Associated scientific questions are the effects of economic, social, career and household factors on choosing a mode of transport. This work is part of a project of the company S&A (Belgium and Lebanon) to provide tools to enable the transition of means of transport to a more respectful practice
Vallet, Louis-André. "La mobilité sociale des femmes en France : la participation des femmes aux processus de mobilité sociale intergénérationnelle". Paris 4, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA040183.
Testo completoThis thesis proposes a large research program to include women in the study of intergenerational social mobility in France. The topics studied are occupational mobility, marital mobility and the degree to which personal characteristics of wives and mothers are significant elements to understand the trajectories of families within the social structure. The national data used come from the 1962. 1968, 1975, 1982 population census, the “enquete sur l'emploi” de 1953 and the surveys “formation-qualification professionnelle” carried out by the Institut National de la Statistique et des Etudes Economiques during the years 1970, 1977 and 1985 on national representative samples (about forty thousand men and women each). Quantitative and statistical analysis uses log-linear modeling, path analysis, correspondence analysis and logistic regression. The thesis presents a large number of results which are important for the orientation of future research on intergenerational social mobility in France
Oliveros, Fortiche Diana Esperanza. "Sacrificio, orgullo y consumo conspicuo en movilidades sociales de clases medias y bajas en Bogotá, Colombia". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670698.
Testo completoAnte las condiciones de exclusión y desigualdad presentes en el contexto colombiano, las clases medias y bajas en búsqueda de estatus acallan sus demandas sociales y actúan de conformidad con el sistema capitalista, ofrendando su sacrificio personal y social y enorgulleciéndose de los signos de éxito y prestigio que les provee el mercado. Esta dinámica de relación entre el capitalismo, el estatus y el mercado es recogida en la presente investigación cuyo propósito es comprender las relaciones entre el consumo conspicuo y las emociones sociales en procesos de movilidad social de clases medias y bajas en Bogotá, Colombia. Por tal razón, identifica los procesos de movilidad ascendente y descendente, las estrategias del enclasamiento, los bienes y consumos conspicuos y relaciona las emociones sociales en estos procesos. Desarrolla una metodología mixta a través de métodos y técnicas cualitativas como historia de vida, entrevistas a profundidad, observación, y cuantitativas como el cuestionario encuestal. Con el aporte y el cruce de los datos cualitativos y cuantitativos del estudio se logran comprender maneras, significados y ocurrencias de las prácticas conspicuas en procesos de movilidad y enclasamiento desde los agentes de clase y proponer un modelo de explicación sobre las relaciones entre las estrategias estatutarias sociales y las condiciones estructurales de desigualdad.
Faced with the conditions of exclusion and inequality present in the Colombian context, the middle and lower classes in search of status silence their social demands and act in accordance with the capitalist system, offering their personal and social sacrifice and taking pride in the signs of success and prestige provided by the market. The research shows the dynamics between capitalism, status and the market, being the goal the understanding of the relationships between conspicuous consumption and social emotions in processes of social mobility of the middle and lower classes in Bogotá, Colombia. For this purpose, the research identifies the processes of upward and downward mobility, the classification strategies and the associated conspicuous goods and consumption, linking all these processes with a set of social emotions. The research develops a mixed methodology through qualitative methods and techniques such as life history, in-depth interviews, observation, and quantitative methods such as the survey. Qualitative and quantitative data of the study aims to understand the meanings and occurrences of conspicuous practices in processes of mobility and the class strategies adopted. Finally, the thesis provides an explanatory model to analyse the relationship between social statutory strategies and structural conditions of inequality.
Naudet, Jules. "Analyse comparée de l'expérience de la mobilité sociale ascendante intergénérationnelle aux États-Unis, en France et en Inde". Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010IEPP0043.
Testo completoThis dissertation proposes a comparative analysis of the experience of upward social mobility in the United States, in India and in France is based on approximately 150 interviews conducted among people from modest backgrounds who achieved prestigious positions in the higher ranks of civil service, in the private sector and in academia. These three countries ar often cited as paradigmatic cases by sociologists who try to theorize the links between social mobility and social stratification systems. The United-States are thus typically perceived as the archetype of an open society characterized by few obstacles to mobility and by social statuses considered as achieved. Conversely, India is frequently described as the archetype of a closed society marked by the weight of the caste system and by social statuses considered as ascribed. Between the model of a closed society and that of an open society, French society seems to be more structured by the notion of social classes that continues to shape the analysis of its system of stratification. These three models are deeply rooted in sociological thought and they influence the way these three countries are apprehended. The first thread of this dissertation questions these categories of international comparison by drawing on the research conducted in these three countries using the same protocol of investigation. The second thread of this dissertation consists in a discussion of the conceptual tools that are most often used by sociologists to understand the experience of upward social mobility
Dantan, Sophie. "Transmission intergénérationnelle des inégalités : le rôle des politiques publiques". Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CERG0647.
Testo completoThis thesis focuses on several of channels of the intergenerational transmission of inequalities, so as to evaluate the efficiency of public policies in increasing social mobility. From a European panel, the first two chapters measure and compare different mobility indices by country. The cross-country comparison sheds the light on the higher efficiency of the public policies –in particular education policies – implemented in Nordic countries. The last two chapters concern residential segregation, which is shown to accentuate the transmission of inequalities in the economic literature. The determinants of the urban segregation in the Paris region (Ile-de-France) are disentangled in order to evaluate the potential effect of some housing policies, in particular those which aim at promoting homeownership
Pasquier, Hélène Marie Louise. "Définir l'acceptabilité sociale dans les modèles d'usage : vers l'introduction de la valeur sociale dans la prédiction du comportement d'utilisation". Thesis, Rennes 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN20058/document.
Testo completoThe issue of this dissertation is to propose a psychosocial paradigm for the study of usage processes based on the concept of social acceptability, defined as the “value individuals attribute to objects and/or users depending on their social relationship” (Lefeuvre et al., 2008, p.101).This psychosocial paradigm finds its roots between sociological and ergonomic points of view, and is focused on the concept of social variables from acceptability models (from the HMI and MIS fields and TRA-TPB). We have established that social variables are initially neglected in usage models, nevertheless three possible evolution trajectories appear in existingmodels. This dissertation aims to enhance a usage prediction model based on the concept of social acceptability. Two hypotheses were tested. In this research, the first hypothesis states that when behaviour value is considered, social variables are a core determinant of behaviour prediction (Conner et Armitage, 1998 ; Rivis, Sheeran et Armitage, 2009 ; Manning, 2009), and the second hypothesis states that differences exist between the effects of social variables when the value of behaviour is considered. In order to empirically test these hypotheses, we operationnalized behaviour value in two ways. In studies 1 & 2, behaviour value was operationalized through behaviour valorization and tested in the transportation field. In studies 3 to 5, behaviour value was operationalized by the level of behaviour sociality and tested in the green mobility domain. Main results validate the relevance of a social acceptability oriented approach for the understanding of usage processes. Furthermore, results underline that social variables have a higher predictive power for valuable behaviours compared to less valuable behaviours
Marty, Simone. "Apprendre le français en Suisse romande : entre idéalisation et reproduction sociale". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALL011.
Testo completoThis study focuses on the social history of the internal migration in Switzerland, and more precisely on the stay of young German-speaking women in the French-speaking part of Switzerland. I analyze language ideologies from a critical sociolinguistic perspective and in relation to the (Swiss) political, economic and social context. By means of interviews and focus groups with 19 German-speaking women who went to the French-speaking part of Switzerland between 1950 and 1990, in order to, among other reasons, learn French, I look into the intranational migration that drives individuals to a language change. I identified three time periods (the migration project, the arriving and the installation) and for each period I centered the analysis on learning and/or transmitting a language, studying and/or working and participating in social life.The analysis shows that the internal migration supports the national celebration of multilingualism without threatening the mostly monolingual territories of Switzerland. In addition, the national economy benefits from a German-speaking workforce what is valuable in many companies working in narrow relation to the German-speaking part of Switzerland, hosting 65% of the Swiss people. Finally, even if the desire of more personal freedom is one reason to undertake that stay, the patriarchal organization of the society is not put in danger. The interviewed women reproduce the main social expectations by getting married and raising a family.The social practice of staying in the French-speaking part of the country for German-speaking persons illustrates how individuals conciliate their personal aspirations and the collective reproduction of social hierarchies
Costantini, Hervé. "La mobilité sociale : Modèles et traces". Phd thesis, Conservatoire national des arts et metiers - CNAM, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00770978.
Testo completoAnne, Denis. "Aides à la mobilité et insertion sociale". Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC2052.
Testo completoMobility has become an important issue and a major objective of public policies in favour of poor households. Research has largely shown that people who are far away from employment are also far away in a purely spatial way. Often distant from employment areas, with greater financial insecurity, the poorest have greater difficulty in finding employment, getting to their workplaces, accessing public services or local amenities. Some of the literature focused on explaining this spatial segregation; others on showing its negative consequences and the vicious circles in which it locked in poor people; and a third on analysing ways to reduce.This thesis aims to shed specific light on mobility aids provided to disadvantaged households. These aids were developed in France mainly since the 1990s. Although they take various forms, they share the same objective: to promote the spatial mobility of poor households through easier access to individual or public transport. Their implementation is essentially local. There is little litterature that tried to measure the consequences of the development of these aids. This thesis aims to shed particular light on this point. First, we propose a study of the development of these aids since the 1980s and especially the 1990s, based on a national impetus, but with very varied local applications. We seek to measure how these aids have been able to interact both with the national social assistance system and with other local aids. We show that these aids may have contributed to reinforcing the threshold effects and poverty traps that were specific to the RMI mechanism and that led to its replacement by the RSA. We also show the RSA major reform of national social assistance has had an impact on local aid and specifically on transport aids. The second chapter focuses on an aspect forgotten in Chapter 1, that of the non-take-up of social assistance. The originality of our work is to look at a specific aid to transport (the “Forfait Gratuité Transport” in Ile de France) and to study the non-take-up of this aid by integrating a double spatial dimension: first of all, the distance between the beneficiaries and the public transport network, which may explain a lower use. The next issue is the influence of the geographical environment and in particular the networks effects on the knowledge and demand for such assistance. The last two chapters propose experimental evaluations of mobility aids aimed at young people who have left the school system and are neither in training nor in employment (NEETs). For these young people, mobility is central to their professional and social integration. We first evaluate sixteen different actions proposed by different actors to promote mobility. We show a positive but contrasting effect: low intensity aids have less effect than high intensity aids. This observation is largely confirmed in the fourth chapter, which evaluates the experimentation of the “Service Militaire Volontaire”. The selected young people receive general and vocational training as well as driving licence preparation. This extremely intensive system, where young people are supervised by soldiers, gives impressive results in terms of professional integration and, above all, in terms of obtaining a driving licence. For mobility support policies to be effective, both on mobility and integration, we can conclude that it is better to concentrate resources on the most vulnerable
Chauvel, Louis. "Evolution du système de stratification sociale et succession des cohortes : Grandeur et décadence des générations dans la société française des Trente Glorieuses à nos jours". Lille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIL12012.
Testo completoAfter the proposal of a definition of social stratification system (determined by the attribution of the social resources and by life-chances) and after the exposition of a method for the investigation of the cohort variation of social phenomena, we demonstrate that the changes of the social structure are steadily depending of the phenomenon of cohort succession the cohort who born before 1935 were confronted to a modest universe of social destiny when it is compared to their follower's. The cohorts born during the 40's had experienced an intense transition, and the opportunities to become 'cadre' (manager, experts, high level wage earners) were twice as much as the elders at the age of thirty years old, and after during their career the following cohorts, born after 1950, were confronted to a great stagnation of their opportunities. The major changes of the global social structure that we continue to measure since the economical slow down (1975) is not the consequence of an elevation of the opportunities for all the cohorts, but simply from the replacement of the cohorts which born before the war, where the popular strata were more substantial, by the cohorts bom after 1940 that evolution of social structure is developing in parallel with a specific changes of the distribution by cohorts of income and wealth, where we can measure the absolute economical stagnation of the cohorts who get into the labour market after the economical slow down (1975). A future evolution is forecasted: the ascending mobility rate will stagnate or decrease for the cohorts born during the 70's, and the descending mobility rate will become thice as much as it is for earlier cohorts
Ahlfridh, Emmy, e Anna Tiljander. "Mobilitetshus för ett hållbart resande : En studie om bäst praktik angående mobilitetshus". Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-44314.
Testo completoPinto, Baleisan Carolina. "Mobilité sociale et mobilité internationale d’étudiants étrangers : trajectoires de jeunes professionnels chiliens et colombiens à Paris, New York et Boston". Thesis, Paris Est, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PEST1057.
Testo completoStudent's migration stands at the heart of the extension of migratory flows. Mainly analyzed in geopolitical terms (brain drain, economic relations ...), this issue responds primarily to individual choices and paths related to social and professional expectations. From this observation, this research deals with the pursuit of post-graduate studies abroad as a strategy for social mobility. The aim is to explore the experiences of young adults during the studies away from their country in order to understand the decisions at the end of this experience. Finally, the interest relates to the internal transformation of the migrants accentuated by the physical and social distance vis-à-vis the society of origin. The study population is students from Chile or Colombia enrolled in graduate programmes, master 2 or PhD, not having the nationality of the country of residence. They live and continue their studies in the cities of Paris, New York or Boston. Using a comprehensive and biographical approach, this research is mainly based on 63 in-depth interviews conducted between 2008 and 2011
Nimer, Maissam. "La construction des inégalités sociales dans le système éducatif au Liban : étude de cas d'un groupe de boursiers dans une université d'élite". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLV039/document.
Testo completoThis thesis explores the construction process of social inequalities through Lebanese education system and demonstrates the role of different social affiliations or contexts in access to education within the Lebanese society. Through the case study of a scholarship program, financed by an international development agency which selects students from underprivileged backgrounds and gives them access to a private university, it looks into the ways in which individuals construct dispositions to "success" through several instances of socialization at school and at university which in turn determines the way they seize this opportunity to climb the social ladder. The results of this study are based on data obtained through semi-structured interviews with students, teachers and supervisors, student files and participant observations within the host university over four academic years.My results show that dispositions constructed before entering university are the product of trajectories differentiated by volume of family’s cultural capital, its financial stability, its relation to traditional or religious values and its geographical origin. The practices and dispositions of families appear to be socially and culturally centered, transmitted to the individual, and followed by other types of socializations at university. Once at university, these dispositions were transformed into inequalities through individuals’ reactions to normative expectations of the scholarship program. Different profiles of students emerge from these consecutive waves of socializations, linking the context in which an individual was socialized to the way he/she experiences university and constructs future plans.The key contribution of this study is to shed light on certain challenges specific to the Lebanese society, whilst deconstructing preconceived ideas on determinisms based on religious and confessional belonging among others
Barrera, Álvarez Fermín. "Système éducatif et mobilité sociale en Colombie". Paris 5, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA05H068.
Testo completoWhy don't we find almost any research on social mobility in Columbia? Surely because the Columbian educational system provides with very few opportunities to lower class children to get a degree enabling them to climb the social ladder. The Columbian system was, from 1850 to 1957 in the middle of a conflict opposition the liberal party in favour of teaching ruled by the government, and the conservative party in favour of teaching controlled by the Church. This system evolved after 1957, when an agreement between the two parties was found to share the power imitating the already existing system, in the United States of privatisation in teaching. Thus in these there was not any improvement towards democracy. However a research was conducted among the workers' children employed in Acieries Paz del Rio. It revealed that some of them were supported by the company and were able to follow academic studies in the evening. Unfortunately in such a society as the Columbian system whit an important social hierarchy succeeding in academic studies is rarely sufficient to ensure social mobility
Nouri, Mohamed. "Etat et mobilité sociale : le modèle tocquevillien". Paris 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA010286.
Testo completoThe central theme of Tocqueville's work is about the political development in France. Using comparative analysis between different societies, he tried to show that each particularism depends on a several elements, that he puted hierarchically. Methodologically his analysis is closed to the methodological individualism, and one of the purposes of this work is to compare this analysis with recent researches. This leads him to establish the conditions of emergence of conservatism and revolution in different societies, through a reflexion on the concepts of individualism, frustration. . . Going from this points, Tocqueville makes clear his theory on the despotism in the democratic societies
Peugny, Camille. "La mobilité sociale descendante : l'épreuve du déclassement". Phd thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003938.
Testo completoPeugny, Camille. "La mobilité sociale descendante : l'épreuve du déclassement". Phd thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2007. https://pastel.hal.science/pastel-00003938.
Testo completoThis research aims at studying intergenerational downward mobility. It underlines three main points. How many people does this concern ? What do they people go through, and how can we describe their experience ? What are the political consequences of intergenerational downward mobility ? The measure based on age and birth cohort highlights the progressive degradation of the perspective of social mobility for generations born after the 1940’s, the most unfavourable being those of generations born in the 1960’s. Concerning the experience of intergenerational downward mobility, two types of situations are distinguished. First, one group of people who see them as belonging to a generation that has been “sacrificed”, are very critical of the educational system. They also reject the way the society as a whole is organized. An other group gathers people who consider themselves as the only responsible for their personal path, which is seen as a failure. They tend to turn in on themselves. Finally, downward mobility has some political consequences. Their downward path structures their attitudes and above all their political behaviour. In particular, concerning their votes, a tendency to choose far right parties can be highlighted
Rohou, Hélène. "La mobilité interentreprises des salariés dans les ensembles économiques et sociaux". Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTD042.
Testo completoIn a context of strong development of complex structures, this study aims to define a framework for inter-company mobility, both geographical and professional, within the economic and social groups constituted by groups and chains of networked companies, the general management practice of these organizations. The organization of such a mobility policy requires that we tackle several projects in order to build a real mobility right for these groups. This leads to a move towards recognition of economic and social groups as genuine working organizations that legitimate the construction of spaces for mobility. This approach requires finding a foundation for this conception in their economic, and thus structural, and social dimensions. This analysis consists in going beyond the binary vision of mobility, either internal or external to the company. The management of inter-company mobility within the economic and social groups is hampered by the rigidity of the contractual working relationship. The implementation of inter-company mobility requires finding a framework adapted to the employment relationship created by the expansion of the contractual relationship. This also requires defining mechanisms to adapt the contractual and binary working relationship to the dimension organization, both economic and social, specific to these economic and social groups. Collective bargaining is proving to be a privileged tool
Moreno, Moreno Ahuitzotl Héctor. "Long run economic mobility". Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01E004/document.
Testo completoEconomic mobility constitutes a social aspiration in many modern societies however do we really know the actual evolution of social mobility? In other words: 1) how can we measure economic mobility with the data available or with the technology at hand? 2) What are the trends of economic mobility experienced by the current generation? Moreover 3) how mobile is a society relative to previous generations? These questions motivate this dissertation. The complexity of these issues may derive in some sort of paralysis but it is claimed here that it may be possible to learn something about its evolution by restricting analysis to a couple of key dimensions within the economic discipline: income and education. This is the scope followed by this research. The first paper in this dissertation is devoted to deal with the lack of the required data to examine the income dynamics within one generation. It is well known that longitudinal data is often scarce and is seldom available in many countries. This is the case even in well-developed countries! This conundrum has been partially addressed through recent methodological approaches by the so-called synthetic panels. The second part of this dissertation is entirely devoted to applied research. More specifically, the second and third papers describe long run trends of economic mobility in income and education respectively. The former is devoted to intra-generational mobility while the later is devoted to inter-generational mobility. Each of them address the second and third interrogations referred above. In a way this dissertation attempts to improve the addition of the time dimension in the analysis of economic wellbeing. It attempts to produce the effect of a motion picture by the use multiple snapshots. The trends contained herein are far from being perfect and complete but they are based on the use of extensive data and multiple methods covering three decades and the same number of generations in each case. This research expects to expand our knowledge on the empirics of economic mobility as most of the studies refer to few years of intra-generational mobility or to a couple of generations only. Furthermore, most of the empirical evidence available refers to Nordic and highly industrialized countries. Mexico is the canvas of this work but the approaches and principles followed here could be easily mimicked elsewhere. The roads of our lives are constantly moving: rising and falling. In a democratic context, it is useful to know, whether our society provides the chance to get ahead regardless of our origins, or whether this chance is ruled or doomed by them. Empirical evidence is needed to foster these deliberations. This dissertation may well be an invitation to sustain this kind conversation
Garzia, Sara. "Un'analisi probabilistica della mobilità sociale". Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/4623/.
Testo completoNieuwbeerta, Paul. "The democratic class struggle in twenty countries, 1945-1990 /". Amsterdam : Thesis publs, 1995. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37314371c.
Testo completoLeo, Yannick. "Deep dive into social network and economic data : a data driven approach for uncovering temporal ties, human mobility, and socioeconomic correlations". Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEN066/document.
Testo completoIn this thesis, I have carried out data-driven studies based on rich, large-scale combined data sets including social links between users (calls and SMS), their demographic parameters (age and gender), their mobility and their economic information such as income and spendings. These seven studies bring insights in network science but also in sociology, economy and geography. The questions asked are very diversified. How can one quantify the loss of temporal information caused by the aggregation of link streams into series of graphs? How can one infer mobility of a user from his or her localisations of calls? Is it possible to transmit SMS in a dense region by using the density of phones, the mobility of users and the locality of the messages? How can one quantify and prove empirically the social stratification of the society at a large population scale? I present, for this last question, a first socio-economic study with a data-driven approach. It has been possible to study, at a very large scale, the stratification of the society, the existence of "rich-clubs", the spatial segregation and purchase patterns for each social class. Beyond the variety of studies and their numerous applications, this thesis shows that the analysis of individual rich combined datasets at a large population scale gives the opportunity to answer long-standing hypotheses and to address novel questions. This work not only points out the potentiality of Big Data approach but also its complementarity to classical approaches (modelization, surveys, …). Particular attention was given in order to explain each steps that lead to results and to take into account biases which is too often neglected
Madrisotti, Francesco. "L'étape marocaine des self-made migrants. La recherche d'une émancipation économique et sociale par la mobilité". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH082/document.
Testo completoBased on an ethnographic field, made between 2010 and 2015 in the Tangier city, this research seeks to find out how the West African moves excluded of the circuits of the mainstream migration, and the economical practices they use in order to move. I describe these individuals as the self-made-migrants, whom not having access to the economical, administrative and social resources to move, they create by they own means, a transnational and subordinate mobility made by stages and border circumventions. This mobility is understood as a project, and a way to “seek their life”. For them, this expression means to look autonomously new social and economic opportunities to become the main character of their destiny. This quest is not lead by the destination but by the will of “going out” and move in an indefinite elsewhere, which becomes the catalyst of the imaginations of success of these migrants. This mobility is made by stages, through discoveries, explorations, and roundtrips. The migrants create, step by step, singular journeys by constantly reformulating the itinerary, in order to respond to the opportunities and the difficulties they found on their quest. In this research I explore the relationship between this transnational subordinated mobility and the economical practices created by the migrants in order to continue the trip. These economical strategies take part of the economics of poverty, defined by lowest and random incomes, and by a lack of protection. I’ll show that these strategies are link to the regular economy and are related to other forms of mobility found in the Tangier region. These strategies are also easy to transpose and adapt to other contexts in other steps of the journey. The self-made migrants are the actors of a subordinated mobility based on a precarious economy that nonetheless allows them to continue their transnational journey and their pursuit of an economic and social emancipation. Key Words: self-made-migrants, migration, transnational mobility, economics of the mobility, precarious economy, social and economic emancipation, stage, Morocco