Tesi sul tema "Missions scientifiques"
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Papa, Fabrice. "Nouvelles applications scientifiques des missions altimétriques pour l'étude des océans et des terres émergées". Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30093.
Testo completoSolignac, Amaury. "Enjeux psychologiques du retour de missions isolées : le cas des hivernants polaires français". Reims, 2010. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/droit_lettres/2010REIML006.pdf.
Testo completoStudies in polar psychology oiten focus on adaptation and performance during the mission, or before : prevention through selection and training, or psychological followup by the station's physician. The mission ending and the homecoming are less known, and often less studied, phases of missions in the so-called extreme environments. This exploratory research aims at better defining the homecoming after a long duration polar mission, in its individual and collective aspects. Various theoretical perspectives are invoked to shed light on the return period, and the sources used are diverse: a retrospective survey questionnaire sent to polar veterans. First-hand interviews, transcripts of debriefing interviews performed by psychologists at the end of some winterovers, and also autobiographical accounts and winterers websites. Quantitative and qualitative data analysis indicates that transient difficulties are cornmonplace in the first weeks of the homecoming. These difficulties can show in various areas such as partnership, tamily relations, professional, social relations, or in the somatic field. Beyond this first stage of homecoming, the values and representations of the winterer may be recast by the experience of a whole year in an unusual context, or even by the homecoming experience itself. Additionally, this research provides an opportunity to better define the winter-over as it is experienced by the participants. Based on their own recounting
Bandeira, de Melo Carolina. "Légitimation, application et formation : les missions scientifiques françaises au Brésil dans le domaine de la psychologie (1908-1947)". Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0139.
Testo completoThis research focuses on the French missions in Brazil in the field of psychology from 1908 to 1947. The study allowed the establishment of a timeline that separates these missions into three distinct periods. First, the study tackles the legitimacy of the discipline as a scientific discourse originated from experimental researches capable of incorporating facts deemed proven in the realm of the intelligible, using the lessons gleaned from the lectures of Georges Dumas (who went there the first time in 1908) and Pierre Janet (who went there in 1922 and in 1933). Then it identifies the application of psychology in Brazil's development project, most especially in the administration of intelligence tests in the structure of public educational System and in the industry, techniques elucidated in the lectures of Henri Piéron (in 1923, 1926 and 1947), Theodore Simon (1929) and Henri Wallon (in 1935). Finally, this research discusses how psychology training firmly took its roots in higher education in the new universities of the country with the mission of Jean Maugüé who taught at the University of São Paulo from 1935 to 1944, and André Ombredane who stayed at the University of Brazil (in Rio de Janeiro) from 1939 to 1945. This thesis also shows that scientific relationships are the result of a murual will and that they have far exceeded the academic sphere. Brazil has acquired support for its modernization and a partner to open Europe's doors and to help the country improve its image abroad, whereas France, in turn, sends to its partner its associate its most prestigious researchers, in order to expand its scientific, cultural, economie and diplomatie influences
Martin, Florian. "Développement de la réfrigération à dilution 3He-4He en cycle fermé pour les futures missions scientifiques en satellite". Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE10310.
Testo completoTo answer actual questions about universal several satellite missions are under study. A critical point for theses missions is to cool down sensitive detectors to an very cold temperature T < 0. 1 K. To cool down detextor to such temperature an open cycle 3He-4He dilution fridge has been build for Planck spacecraft. The idea is to dilute 3He in 4He, this process absorbs heat. The cycle is said to be open because the mixture is rejected out of space. Lifetime, cooling power and coldest temperature is limited by the amount of helium on the satellite. Required lifetime of future satellite missions, greater than five years, set that the refrigerator has no constraint due to helium storage. During this thesis, we have work on helium isotope separator consistent with spacecraft constraint. The dilution fridge is now a closed cycle. The important point of this separation is to get pure 3He and pure 4He for the system to run correctly. We described how 3He is extracted from the mixture by evaporation and 4He with the fountain effect. A refrigerator prototype has been built. Experiments lead on the prototype aimed to validate the concept of the isotope separator, define requirements and improve performance. Cooling power at the cold finger measured is in agreement with requirement of future satellites missions. Experiments had also showed interactions between differents parts of the fridge : heat exchanger, still, fountain pump and constraints on the precooling stage
Martin, Florian. "Développement de la réfrigération à dilution 3He-4He en cycle fermé pour les futures missions scientifiques en satellite". Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00458176.
Testo completoRoche, Nye Laurence. "Coopération spatiale franco-soviétique et réseaux scientifiques en temps de guerre froide (1966-1988) : transferts, circulations, pouvoirs". Thesis, Paris 10, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA100124.
Testo completoIn the East-West bipolar context, a Franco-Soviet space cooperation agreement demanding the implementation of space programs involving the work of scientists was concluded in 1966. This thesis examines the interactions between the public politics applied in centralised institutions between 1966 and 1988, and the capacity of delegated bodies and scientific networks in France and the USSR to act in a situation characterized by periods of retraction and détente.The analysis draws on the role of politics of cooperation having two distinct objectives: the superior and long-term political goal of "overcoming the confrontation of the two blocs" launched in 1966, for which bilateral cooperation becomes the instrument of scientific diplomacy, and the objective to materialise the relationship in the form of joint robotic space and human spaceflight projects. The way in which these objectives are influenced by external factors highlights the capability of actors to establish a system of governance through innovative formal and informal communication. In a context of sometimes tense international relations, the demonstration of this aptitude reinforces the field of a space diplomacy. This work will contribute to an intertwined history of space cooperation between France and the USSR. The ambition is to account for their ability to collaborate in a competitive situation by analysing the interactions between scientific networks in space and politics intertwined with international relations between the states.This approach aims to contribute to the re-reading of a sequence of the Cold War that recent historiography revisits through East-West circulations
Cheishvili, Ana. "Collectionneurs et collections d'objets caucasiens dans les musées français : histoire et apports des voyages scientifiques au Caucase. (XIXè - début XXè s.)". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, EHESS, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023EHES0176.
Testo completoThis thesis focuses on the analysis of French scientific missions in the Caucasus region and the collections brought back to France following these expeditions. The study covers the period from the mid-19th century to the early 20th century, before the major political changes of the 1910s-1920s. The primary focus is on the scientific missions mandated by the Ministry of Public Instruction, without neglecting collections from non-scientific journeys or antiquarians. This research highlights the interest of the French scientific community in the Caucasus in the 19th century, as well as the motivations of the researchers who went there and the work they conducted in the field. Another priority of this study was to examine the archaeological, ethnographic, and photographic collections held in various museums and archives in France. To do this, an inventory of a database of Caucasian collections and the collection of biographical information on French researchers who contributed to these missions was necessary. The contribution of these collections to the reflection on cultural transfers between the Caucasus and France is also examined. The ultimate goal was the identification and study of these collections for their future integration into museography, highlighting the names of researchers and photographers whose journeys in the Caucasus were previously unknown
Bourquin, Jean-Christophe. "L'État et les voyageurs savants : légitimités individuelles et volontés politiques : les missions du ministère de l'Instruction publique, 1842-1914". Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010526.
Testo completoBetween 1842 and 1914, the French ministère de l'instruction publique disposes of a financial resource that allows numbers of savants to make scientific, or literary travels abroad. The study of the 1205 files containing details about these travels makes the scientific and political goals of these missions scientifiques et litteraires clear. A closer approach of a few selected travels shows how financial help is asked and given. An historical sociology of those who benefit from the states money shows that this population changes greatly over the years. From a larger point of view, we can see, on one hand, that scientific travelling occupy a low grade on the hierarchical, and ideological, ladder of scientific activities. On the other hand, the study of the administrative surroundings of the missions scientifiques, sh ows that the traditionnal regal distribution of money, which has been carried on for decades by the kings of france, doe s not completely disappear during the 19th century, even under republican law. Both these elements explain the great div ersity of the scientific goals of the travels, and the heterogeneity of the population of the charges de mission. The monographical approach of the use made of state money gives an original point of view on the relations, so specific to France, between state and scientists. A dictionnary of the 796 charges de mission containing details about their live s and travels, constitutes the second volume of the work
Boumediene, Samir. "Avoir et savoir. L'appropriation des plantes médicinales de l'Amérique espagnole par les Européens (1570-1750)". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0345.
Testo completoThe aim of this dissertation is to study how, in the aftermath of the Conquest of America, Europeans have appropriated medicinal plants from Mexican, Caribbean, Andean, or Amazonian origin. 18th century European practitioners frequently used substances such as Peruvian bark, ipecacuanha, gaiacum wood, or chocolate – which reveals the extent of the phenomena, yet masks its complexity. Using an American remedy in Europe indeed implied many processes. Crucial to this research are: the sampling and growing of plants; the transmission of indigenous knowledge and its translation by allogenous; the drug trade across the Atlantic; experiences carried out on remedies; and expeditions conducted in America between the 16th and the 18th centuries. More than a “contribution” of America to Europe, this phenomenon of appropriation must be understood as a modality of colonialism. As natural object, and at the same time as naturalistic and medical knowledge, medicinal plants took on a political stake after the Conquest of America. For instance, while in 1570 they had been the target of one of the first scientific expeditions in history, in the middle of the 18th century they also led the Spanish crown to undertake various monopolistic projects. On the other side of the Atlantic, it was at the heart of conflicts between the “Indian” and the Spaniard, when the latter forbade the former from using abortive or hallucinogenic plants, and when the former refused to transmit his pharmacological knowledge to the latter
Pilorget, Cédric. "Microscopie hyperspectrale dans le proche IR pour l’analyse in situ d’échantillons : l’instrument MicrOmega à bord des missions Phobos Grunt, Hayabusa-2 et ExoMars". Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA112293/document.
Testo completoThe characterization of the surface of planetary objects, through space observations, gives key clues to the past and present geological, geochemical and climate processes. Near-infrared hyperspectral microscopy, through its capability to identify the molecular and mineralogical composition of a sample at its grain size, is an innovative technique that will efficiently complement both remote sensing and in situ measurements. Recent technical achievements in near-infrared detectors, space cryo-coolers and dispersive systems, has enabled us to design MicrOmega, a highly miniaturized near-infrared hyperspectral microscope, to be implemented on landers/rovers: it has been selected within the Pasteur payload of the ESA ExoMars rover, with launch scheduled for 2018.My thesis activity started with the study of the extension of the spectral range beyond 2.5 µm, driven by the goal of identifying and characterizing potential organic compounds, and with the analysis of the impact on the instrument design of such an extension. The outcomes were used to set the MicrOmega / ExoMars instrument baseline. My involvement in this program included the development of algorithms enabling, in an automated way, the identification and the location, within the analyzed samples, of compounds with specific composition; it will be used both to limit the amount of information to be downloaded, and to indicate key targets for point analyzers, such as the Raman spectrometer RLS and the laser desorption spectrometer MOMA, thus increasing the synergy between the suite of ExoMars laboratory instruments. During my thesis, the shift of the launch of the Phobos Grunt mission opened the possibility to develop and deliver a flight model of MicrOmega, in less than two years; I thus have been involved in all steps of its development, from its design to its final calibration. As a follow-up, another mission of opportunity emerged, to which I have also been associated: MicrOmega has been selected as part of the Hayabusa-2 mission, which will in situ analyze a C-type asteroid
Desbiens, Frédérick. "Le rôle des cinq jésuites Mathématiciens de Louis XIV en Chine aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26185.
Testo completoLa France du XVIIe siècle s’ouvre sur le monde et Louis XIV pose son regard sur l’Asie. Point important du développement politique et économique des puissants royaumes d’Europe, plusieurs régions asiatiques figurent au centre des ambitions politiques et économiques des royautés européennes, dont le Japon, l’Inde et la Chine. Dans l’objectif de servir les désirs d’expansion du roi français, Jean-Baptiste Colbert (1619-1683) orchestre une mission en Asie, avec comme principal but, l’établissement de missionnaires jésuites français en Chine. Ces ardents religieux et intellectuels aguerris ont pour mandat de contribuer à l’édification de l’Église de Chine par la diffusion du christianisme et le développement d’un clergé français. De plus, les jésuites français, membres de l’Académie royale des sciences de Paris, ont pour mission d’étudier la Chine en profondeur et parfaire les connaissances européennes de ce pays lointain en divers domaines, notamment pour la géographie, les sciences, la politique, la faune et la flore, l’urbanisme, la langue et biens d’autres sujets. Enfin, les missionnaires doivent représenter la France auprès de l’empereur Kangxi dans l’objectif de développer des relations diplomatiques entre les deux royaumes.
Herve, Yann. "Le radar WISDOM à bord du Rover de la mission ExoMars : Caractérisation et préparation du retour scientifique". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLV071/document.
Testo completoThe main objective of European ExoMars (ESA-Roscosmos) mission is to search for signs of past or present life on Mars. The mission, to be launched in summer 2020, will deliver a rover on the surface of Mars. This rover accommodates instruments designed to investigate the close subsurface and, in particular, a drill that will collect samples at depth ranging from 0.5 m to 2 m. This thesis manuscript relates the preparation of the scientific return of the WISDOM (Water Ice and Subsurface Deposits Observation on Mars) radar experiment whose main objective is to characterize, before drilling, the shallow subsurface of Mars.Data obtained by WISDOM will shed the light on geological structures in the subsurface and therefore help trace back the history of the investigated Martian sites. Furthermore, they will help to identify the most promising locations to collect samples without jeopardizing the drill. The objective of this thesis was to efficiently pave the way to data interpretation and appraise WISDOM’s potentiality.In order to reach the ambitious scientific and technologic objectives (especially in terms of resolution and sensitivity) of WISDOM, we have developed tools that rely on a deep understanding of the instrument. The ultimate goal of these tools is to provide a reliable representation of the shallow subsurface and quantitative interpretation in terms of thickness and orientation of underground layers, roughness at interfaces, distribution of buried rocks and geoelectrical constant for each geological unit detected.This thesis manuscript describes the signal processing chain and tools developed in order to prepare WISDOM’s scientific return. When possible, approaches based on automatic detection were preferred. This work relies both on theoretical and practical investigations, including an accurate (analytical and numerical) modeling of the instrument operations and test on experimental data acquired during field campaigns on potential Martian analogs
Fornasier, Sonia. "Mission Rosetta : caractérisation scientifique de la "Wide angle camera" et étude physique des petits corps du système solaire". Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA077084.
Testo completoMorais, Jessica. "La bonne entente en haute mer : impact de la mission scientifique sur les relations sociales dans l’expédition de Nicolas Baudin (1800-1804)". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8773.
Testo completoPinheiro, da Silva Leonardo. "Caractérisation instrumentale appliquée à la photométrie de très haute précision dans le cadre de la Mission spatiale CoRoT". Toulouse 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU30257.
Testo completoCorre, David. "Exploring the dawn of the universe with the Sino-French SVOM mission". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0444/document.
Testo completoThis thesis lies within the framework of the sino-french SVOM (Space Variable Object Monitor) mission to be launched in 2021 whose objective is the detection and characterisation of Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs). The first part consists in the development of an end-to-end software for COLIBRI (Catching OpticaL and Infrared BRight transIents), a SVOM ground follow-up telescope. It consists in a GRB simulator, an Exposure Time Calculator, an image simulator and a photometric redshift algorithm. It allowed to estimate the telescope scientific performances to ensure that the optical design was fulfilling the scientific requirements. The relative accuracy on the photometric redshift delivered by COLIBRI is estimated to be about 10% and 15% for GRBs at 3.5 < z < 8 et z > 8. The second part of the thesis deals mainly with the study of dust properties in GRB host galaxies, but also with the star formation activity in these galaxies. We compare extinction curves measured along the GRB line of sight for 7 GRBs to the attenuation curve of their host galaxies measured with CIGALE, a SED fitting code. By comparing these curves to the results of a radiative transfer code, we obtain information about the geometrical distribution of dust and stars in these galaxies. On a larger sample of 23 galaxies, we show that the steepest (flattest) attenuation curves are associated to galaxies with a large (small) amount of dust attenuation, less (more) active in star formation and less (more) massive galaxies
Cucchetti, Edoardo. "De l'astrophysique des amas de galaxies à la physique des microcalorimètres en rayons X : performances scientifiques et calibration du X-ray integral field unit de la mission Athena". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30162.
Testo completoFuture breakthroughs in X-ray astronomy require a new generation of X-ray instruments, capable of observing the sky with high spectral and spatial resolutions combined. This need drives the development of the X-ray Integral Field Unit (X-IFU) onboard the future European X-ray observatory Athena scheduled for a launch in 2031. The complexity of the X-IFU and of its readout chain calls for a close monitoring of its instrumental effects. This can be investigated using dedicated end-to-end simulators, which reproduce an X-ray observation, from the emission of X-rays by an astrophysical source to their detection. In the first part of this thesis, I use this approach to quantify the impact of crosstalk between pixels, to derive the requirement on the reproducibility of the instrumental background, and to estimate the line sensitivity of the instrument. I demonstrate that the X-IFU will be capable of observing bright, extended sources with a required high-resolution throughput above 80%. I also show that an accurate knowledge of the spectral lines (their energy and their profile), as well as of the non-X-ray background level (to better than 2%) are needed to minimise systematic errors in the observation. Analysis of the instrumental effects need to be coupled with feasibility studies of the core science objectives of the X-IFU to verify the potential of the instrument. This is valid in particular for extended sources, which will use this integral field unit at its full capabilities. In the second part of this work, I investigate the ability of the X-IFU to characterise the properties of the intra-cluster medium and its turbulent motions. To guarantee a representative result, both toy models and hydrodynamical simulations of clusters are used as inputs of end-to-end simulations. My results underline the strengths of the X-IFU, which will provide an accurate view of the physics and the chemical enrichment of clusters, even at high redshift (z ~ 2) with typical 100ks exposure. I also put forward an analytical way to estimate the systematic errors on line diagnostics in turbulence-related studies, which will be of particular interest to optimise future observations. To fulfil its science objectives, the X-IFU will require a careful calibration. The third part of this thesis presents studies on this topic related to the energy scale, the instrumental background, or the quantum efficiency. I demonstrate that new methods of gain drift correction and background monitoring are required to meet the expected requirements. These results provide constraints on the design of the instrument (e.g., modulated X-ray sources, correction strategies) and can be used to plan ground or in-flight calibration activities. Calibration studies will also be performed experimentally, notably using the test bench developed and characterised at IRAP during my thesis
Lacombe, Karine. "Réalisation de grands plans de détection pixélisés pour l'astronomie gamma : contribution à l'étude et à la réalisation du module XRDPIX pour l'instrument ECLAIRs sur la mission spatiale SVOM". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30326.
Testo completoECLAIRs, the hard X-ray imager of the Chinese-French SVOM mission, is dedicated to the detection and localization in near real-time of cosmic transient sources in the energy range from 4 to 150 keV. This instrument is a wide field camera, equipped with a detection plane paved with 6400 CdTe Schottky detectors, which allows to create hard X-ray images of the sky thanks to a localization system called "coded mask". The work presented in this manuscript details the design, the realization and the measurement of the performances of hybrid modules of 32 detectors read by an ASIC (called XRDPIX modules), which constitute the basic bricks of the detection plan, and which make it possible to reach unequalled performances for this type of instrument with a threshold in energy equal to 4 keV. After having posed the problem of detection of transient cosmic sources in X-rays, based on the astrophysical context of the SVOM mission, and then detailed its main instrument, I present, in this thesis, my work on the realization of large pixelated detection plans for gamma-ray astronomy, with in particular my contribution to the study and the realization of the XRDPIX module. The development of the XRDPIX modules, calls for both a low noise design and the use of innovative technologies. The CdTe detectors are biased down to -450V and regulated at low temperature (nominally 20°C) in order to minimize the leakage current and to limit the polarization effects. The low energy threshold required for the space mission is reached thanks to a thorough characterization of the elements constituting the 200 flight XRDPIX, which form the ECLAIRs camera. I present in detail the physical and technological characteristics of these modules, the various stages of their development, justifying the solutions and technical compromises that have marked their manufacture. Then, based on an abundant statistical sample, obtained during the numerous tests and qualifications carried out on several hundreds of modules and sub-modules, I present the results of measurements which demonstrate the excellent performances of the XRDPIX module, in terms of spectral resolution, low energy threshold, gain and counting. Additional studies are also shown, in order to complete the validation of the XRDPIX by analyzing the influence of various physical parameters on the performances, such as temperature. In conclusion, thanks to these abundant data analyses, and to models of the total equivalent noise, I propose optimal settings for two key configuration parameters: the bias value for the high voltage and the peaking time, which allow to obtain the 4 keV energy threshold required by the SVOM mission, with a good uniformity on the whole detection plane. Finally, I present this feedback, coupled with the study of the key parameters that determine the sensitivity of a wide field imager in the hard X-ray domain (detection area, energy range, field of view, ...), which leads me to propose avenues for the realization of ambitious instruments with significant gains in sensitivity in the future
Berrebi, Johanna. "Contribution à l'intégration d'une liaison avionique sans fil. L'ingénierie système appliquée à une problématique industrielle". Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00800141.
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