Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "MIRAGES-2"

This article discusses the image of Kaunas as a city of love, which is noticeable in different narratives: novels The Novel of Kaunas (1973) by Alfonsas Bieliauskas and Tūla (1993) by Jurgis Kunčinas, the social advertisement “Wherever I Am: Kaunas Is My Hometown” by Monika Vilčinskienė (2008) and the representative Kaunas video “Kaunas Is Sharing Love” by the Studio of Kaunas Cinema (2013). The concept of “narrative as a socially symbolic act” (Fredric Jameson) and the concept of “chronotope” (Mikhail Bakhtin) help to analyse emerging images of the city. The investigation reveals that all the narratives represent: 1) love for Kaunas, 2) a city where people are (happily or unhappily) in love, 3) personified city, which is in love. This shows the mark of love which is significant in the whole narrative of Kaunas. However, different modes of art production propose different mirages of this city. The chronotope of unhappy love is noticeable in the novels representing soviet Kaunas, while the chronotope of idyllic city is very bright in non-literary narratives representing current Kaunas.

Self-gravitational structure formation theory for astrophysics and cosmology is revised using nonlinear fluid mechanics. Gibson’s 1996–2000 theory balances fluid mechanical forces with gravitational forces and density diffusion with gravitational diffusion at critical viscous, turbulent, magnetic, and diffusion length scales termed Schwarz scales. Condensation and fragmentation occur for scales exceeding the largest Schwarz scale rather than LJ, the length scale introduced by Jeans in his 1902 inviscid-linear-acoustic theory. The largest Schwarz scale is often larger or smaller than LJ. From the new theory, the inner-halo 1021 m dark-matter of galaxies comprises ∼105fossil-LJ-scale clumps of 1012 Earth-mass fossil-LSV-scale planets called primordial fog particles (PFPs) condensed soon after the cooling transition from plasma to neutral gas, 300,000 years after the Big Bang, with PFPs tidally disrupted from their clumps forming the interstellar medium. PFPs explain Schild’s 1996 “rogue planets…likely to be the missing mass” of a quasar lens-galaxy, inferred from twinkling frequencies of the quasar mirages, giving 30 million planets per star. The non-baryonic dark matter is super-diffusive and fragments at large LSD scales to form massive outer-galaxy-halos. In the beginning of structure formation 30,000 years after the Big Bang, with photon viscosity values ν of 5×1026 m2 s−1, the viscous Schwarz scale matched the horizon scale LSV≈LH<LJ, giving 1046 kg proto-superclusters and finally 1042 kg proto-galaxies. Non-baryonic fluid diffusivities D∼1028 m2 s−1 from galaxy-outer-halo LSD scales 1022 m measured in a dense galaxy cluster by Tyson, J. A., and Fischer, P., 1995, “Measurement of the Mass profile of Abell 1689,” Ap. J., 446, pp. L55–L58, indicate non-baryonic dark matter particles must have small mass ∼10−35 kg to avoid detection. [S0098-2202(00)01504-2]

The article is devoted to the trends in the formation of the information space of quantum technologies. As an example, the information construction of the results of an experiment to achieve quantum supremacy at Google and discussions about this in the American IT community are considered.

Abstract MIRAGE syndrome is a multisystem disorder characterized by myelodysplasia, infections, restriction of growth, adrenal hypoplasia, genital phenotypes, and enteropathy. Mutations in the sterile alpha motif domain containing 9 (SAMD9) gene which encodes a protein involved in growth factor signal transduction are thought to cause MIRAGE syndrome. SAMD9 mutations lead to an antiproliferative effect resulting in a multisystem growth restriction disorder. Though rare, a few patients with SAMD9 mutations were reported to have hydrocephalus and/or cerebellar hypoplasia on imaging. The neuropathologic features of MIRAGE syndrome have not been previously described. Here, we describe the postmortem neuropathologic examinations of 2 patients with a clinical diagnosis of MIRAGE syndrome and confirmed SAMD9 mutations. Common features included microcephaly, hydrocephalus, white matter abnormalities, and perivascular calcifications. One of the 2 cases showed marked cerebellar hypoplasia with loss of Purkinje and granule neurons as well as multifocal polymicrogyria and severe white matter volume loss; similar findings were not observed in the second patient. These cases demonstrate the variation in neuropathologic findings in patients with MIRAGE syndrome. Interestingly, the findings are similar to those reported in ataxia-pancytopenia syndrome caused by mutations in SAMD9L, a paralogue of SAMD9.

MIRAGE syndrome is a recently described congenital condition characterized genetically by heterozygous gain-of-function missense mutations in the growth repressor sterile alpha domain containing 9 (SAMD9) located on the arm of chromosome 7 (7q21.2). The syndrome is rare and is usually diagnosed in newborns and children with myelodysplasia, infection, restriction of growth, adrenal hypoplasia, genital phenotypes, and enteropathy, hence the acronym MIRAGE. The aims of this paper are (1) to present fetal ultrasound features in a case where MIRAGE syndrome was diagnosed prenatally and (2) to review the existing literature records on prenatal manifestations of MIRAGE syndrome. In our case, the fetus had severe early fetal growth restriction (FGR) with normal Doppler studies, atypical genitalia, oligohydramnios, and hyperechogenic bowel at the routine mid-gestation anomaly scan. Amniocentesis excluded infections and numeric or structural chromosomal abnormalities while whole exome sequencing (WES) of the fetal genetic material identified the specific mutation. Targeted testing in parents was negative, suggesting the “de novo” mutation in the fetus. We could not identify other specific case reports in the literature on the prenatal diagnosis of MIRAGE syndrome. In cases reported in the literature where the diagnosis of MIRAGE syndrome was achieved postnatally, there are mentions related to the marked FGR on prenatal ultrasound. Severe early-onset FGR with no other apparent cause seems to be a central prenatal feature in these babies, and WES should be offered, especially if there are other structural abnormalities. Prenatal diagnosis of MIRAGE syndrome is possible, allowing for reproductive choices, improved counseling of parents, and better preparation of neonatal care.

Les travaux réalisés s’inscrivent dans le cadre de l’étude de faisabilité d’un concept hybride couplant l’exploitation d’énergie géothermique et le stockage géologique de CO2 sous forme dissoute. Ils visent à i) quantifier et simuler l’impact hydrodynamique et géochimique de l’injection dans une roche carbonatée de la solution enrichie en CO2 et ii) déterminer le comportement des matériaux constituant le puits d’injection (ciment, casing acier) afin de s’assurer de la sécurisation de l’injection. Le développement d’un dispositif expérimental innovant appelé MIRAGES-2 a permis de reproduire à l’échelle du laboratoire l’injection "radiale" d’une solution saturée en CO2 dans un puits miniature scellé dans un échantillon de roche dans les conditions de pression et de température attendues dans le réservoir géothermique. Ce banc est composé d’un dispositif amont de solubilisation du CO2 dans l’eau de formation et d’un dispositif aval simulant l’injection dans le modèle réduit de puits. En plus des contrôles éprouvés de la pression et de la température, des outils originaux (sonde Raman HP/HT, sonde pH HP/HT, débitmètre) permettant l'acquisition in situ de données physico-chimiques au cours des expériences (concentrations des différentes espèces en solution, pH, débit) ont été intégrés et validés. Enfin, une méthode de traitement d’images acquises sur les échantillons post-expérimentaux par la technique de micro-tomographie aux rayons X a permis une reconstruction 3D de l’architecture du réseau poreux mésoscopiques. Ce protocole expérimental a alors permis le suivi de l’évolution physico-chimique : des différentes interfaces ciment/acier, ciment/réservoir ; de la région proche-puits du réservoir ; du fluide injecté. Une série de 7 expériences a été réalisée afin d’étudier les effets des durées d’injection (12h, 24h, 2.5j, 10j, 21j), de la salinité de la solution injectée et de l’orientation du puits d’injection par rapport à la stratification de la roche. Les expériences ont permis de montrer le développement et la propagation, à partir du point d’injection, d’une dissolution non-uniforme de la roche carbonatée sous forme de chemins préférentiels appelés « wormholes » et dont la densité tend à décroître globalement après le perçage de la carotte. Malgré la prédominance de ce phénomène localisé, une évolution des caractéristiques pétrophysiques de la roche dans des régions éloignées des wormholes a été observée. Suite au renouvèlement continu de la solution acidifiée, une dissolution uniforme en partie haute de puits a été mise en évidence. L’analyse de la rugosité de surface des wormholes couplée à des observations microscopiques a montré la présence de précipitations de calcite qui conduisent à la fermeture de wormholes secondaires. L’étude du vieillissement du ciment au contact de la solution réactive montre qu’il est à l’origine de déséquilibres chimiques localisés. Les valeurs de concentration en magnésium, inhibiteur de la précipitation de la calcite et principalement liées à l’altération du ciment gouvernent les états locaux de saturation de la solution interstitielle vis-à-vis de la calcite. Elles seraient donc à l’origine des précipitations observées dans un milieu pourtant principalement sous-saturé vis-à-vis de la calcite. Les expériences ont également démontré le rôle important de la salinité de la solution injectée qui permet de dissoudre jusqu’à cinq fois plus la roche encaissante qu’une solution d’eau douce. Enfin, une étude structurale multi-échelle a été menée et a établi la relation étroite entre la distribution des défauts structuraux générés par la tectonique régionale et l’orientation des réseaux de dissolution observés dans nos expériences. Ces résultats affinent l’analyse et l’évaluation des impacts et des risques environnementaux dans le contexte du projet étudié. Ils permettent de définir le rôle des discontinuités présentes dans la roche et leur contrôle sur les chemins de dissolution à l’échelle [...]
This work was conducted in the framework of the technical assessment of a novel Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) concept integrating aqueous dissolution of CO2 and injection via a geothermal doublet. This study focuses on i) the quantification and modelling of the hydrodynamic and geochemical impact induced by the injection of a CO2-laden solution in a reservoir rock and ii) the evaluation of long term integrity of the well materials (cement, steel casing) in order to ensure a safe injection protocol. A dedicated experimental device named MIRAGES.2 was developed to mimic, at the lab scale, the continuous radial injection of a CO2-enriched solution under realistic conditions of a geological reservoir. The miniature well consists in a steel tube that is cemented to the core plug with a class G Portland cement. The test bench is divided in two parts: the first one is devoted to the CO2-solution mixing process, and the second one enables to perform the injection of the solution in the core-plug. In addition, the implementation of original in situ measurement techniques (in-situ HP/HT Raman and pH probes, flowmeter) was carried out in order to ensure optimal acquisition of physical and chemical data (pressure, temperature, pH, concentrations of different species in solution...) during the experiments. A method of image processing acquired on post-experimental samples by X-ray micro-tomography has been developed. This technique revealed the 3D architecture of the mesoscopic porous network. This experimental protocol revealed the physicochemical evolution of: the different interfaces between cement and steel, and between cement and reservoir ; the near-well region of the reservoir ; The injected fluid. A set of 7 experiments was performed. The injection duration (12 h, 24 h, 2.5 d, 10 d and 21 d), the fluid salinity and the core drilling inclination with respect to the bedding were investigated. The experiments demonstrate the non-uniform propagation of the acidic solution from the injection point in the form of preferential pathways called « wormholes ». Once a single wormhole breaks through the core-plug, all the other competing wormholes stop growing and their density tend to decrease as the solution is injected. Despite a predominant localized phenomenon, changes in petrophysical properties of the rock in regions far from the wormholes was observed. Following the continuous renewal of the acidic solution, a uniform dissolution in the upper part of the injection well was also highlighted. Roughness surface measurements coupled with microscopic observations have revealed the presence of calcite precipitation which induces the clogging of secondary wormholes. Cement ageing in contact with the reactive solution induces localized chemical imbalances. Changes in magnesium concentration, inhibitor of calcite precipitation, released during cement alteration, govern the local calcite saturation states of the interstitial solution. These phenomena could explain the observed precipitation in a medium mainly undersaturated with respect to the calcite. The experiments also demonstrated the important role of the salinity of the injected solution, which dissolves up to five times more host rock than a freshwater solution. Finally, a multi-scale structural study was carried out and established the close relationship between the distribution of structural defects generated by regional tectonics and the orientation of the dissolution networks observed in our experiments. These results refine the analysis and assessment of environmental impacts and risks in the context of the CO2 injection in a geothermal doublet. They demonstrate the discontinuities present in the rock control the dissolution paths at the reservoir scale

La realtà aumentata è diventata, negli ultimi anni, una delle maggiori aree di interesse nello studio e nello sviluppo di applicazioni e tecnologie innovative in ambito ICT. Questo successo deriva dal grande potenziale e dai grandi benefici che questa tecnologia può portare nella vita di tutti i giorni. La possibilità di estendere il mondo reale sovrapponendovi informazioni e oggetti virtuali apre grandi scenari di sviluppo nei contesti applicativi più disparati. La realtà aumentata può avere un grande impatto da un punto di vista applicativo rimodellando l'ambiente in cui le persone lavorano e vivono e cambiando notevolmente il modo in cui interagiscono e collaborano. Queste potenzialità vengono ulteriormente amplificate se integrate e messe in sinergia con le tecnologie hardware emergenti in ambito Internet of Things (IoT) e Web of Things(WoT) andando a delineare dei veri e propri ambienti intelligenti. L'obiettivo di questa tesi di laurea è duplice: integrare il dispositivo per realtà aumentata Meta 2 con il framework per lo sviluppo di mondi aumentati MiRAgE e sviluppare successivamente una astrazione per la gestione degli eventi e degli input che prescinda dal particolare dispositivo utilizzato.

Questa tesi si prefigge, dopo aver introdotto i concetti di realtà aumentata, mixata ed una panoramica sulle soluzioni hardware e software in questi campi, un duplice obiettivo: integrare un occhiale per AR, Meta 2, con il framework per la creazione di mondi aumentati (AW) MiRAgE e sviluppare una libreria di oggetti per consentire al programmatore di AW una creazione di entità aumentate semplice e indipendente dall’engine utilizzato per la gestione degli ologrammi.

Superior mirages of great complexity are frequently seen under arctic temperature inversions. A mirage group observed at Resolute Bay, Canada, over a horizontal range crossing ~70 km of sea ice shows clearly identifiable sequences of five simultaneous images, alternating between erect and inverted. The marked similarity between these images and the solar Novaya Zemlya effect1 suggests that optical ducting is the underlying phenomenon. Two ducting models are compared. The first assumes that the inversion forms a short duct along the line of sight. If duct length and atmosphere beyond the duct are specified, the temperature profile within the duct can be computed directly, using a ray steering algorithm, and the observed image can be simulated arbitrarily closely. The duct of the second model is based on a shear-free three-layer atmosphere,2 in which the middle layer supports gravity waves propagating along the line of sight. The waves are represented as isothermal surfaces of sinusoidal form, whose amplitude decreases with vertical distance from the inversion. The waves permit some rays to escape and transmit image information across the inversion. An analysis of imaging properties as a function of wave parameters indicates whether this model is capable of generating the observed fivefold images.

We have observed numerous superior mirages at great distances, ranging from 70 to 100 km. Such mirages are well known and immediately recognised, because they do not look significantly different from short range mirages; but it appears that no one has published an analysis that actually identifies the appropriate atmospheric conditions. Three models developed1 to reproduce an observation will be presented here for comparison and discussion. Only one of them seems reasonable.

Rainbows, mirages and other optical phenomena in the lower atmosphere are beautiful gifts of nature. Through the use of simple ray and a healthy dose of hand waving, they are also relatively simple to explain in terms of optical physics. In part, the information superhighway is made possible by the replacement of copper wires with thin strands of glass known as optical fiber. What happens to light inside the optical fiber has much in common with the natural phenomenon we know as the mirage. The use of colorful images and anecdotal stories can do much to enhance what otherwise might be a boring technical discussion, or even worse, a disastrous non-technical talk before a lay audience. Most audiences could care less about the theoretical Rayleigh scattering limit in dB/km for ultrapure silica glass. These same audiences will remember that at the mid-latitudes it takes more than sunshine and rain to find a rainbow in the sky around lunch time.

ATP Oil and Gas Corporation (ATP) is utilizing the MinDOC 3 vessel design for their Mirage, Morgus and Telemark fields. The modeling techniques utilized during the design and verification stages of the project suggest that the production top tension risers (TTR) may be affected by a phenomenon known as Wake Induced Oscillation (WIO). The current modeling techniques are insufficient at predicting the expected amplitude the TTRs will experience due to the WIO and what effect the occurrence will have on the overall fatigue performance of the TTR’s. To acquire a thorough understanding of the effects of WIO, ATP has prudently undertaken an extensive assurance initiative with the purpose of assessing and maintaining structural integrity of their TTRs. As part of ATP’s Integrity Management (IM) program, ATP is monitoring localized strain as well as the motion response of the riser at discrete locations. The paper presents, in detail, ATP’s real-time TTR monitoring system deployed on the ATP MinDOC 3 vessel for their Telemark field. Specific topics to be covered are the monitoring system configuration drivers such as; monitoring objectives, instrumentation requirements, specification, and installation. The paper will cover the number and location of monitoring devices and justification for selection. The data acquired will provide state-of-the-art full-scale riser response information especially during significant events such as hurricanes and loop currents. The goals of the project are: 1. To gain a more in depth understanding of WIO with respect to large diameter hull columns and smaller diameter production TTR’s; 2. Bolster the understanding of the fundamental hydrodynamic behaviour of TTRs and, specifically, vessel-motion induced response of TTRs, and VIV of the TTRs with varying levels of strake fouling. 3. To accurately assess the role of WIO in fatigue damage to the TTR(s).