Bibliografie tematiche / Miniaturized specimen

Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Miniaturized specimen"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 20 luglio 2024

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Miniaturized specimen"

Samal, MK, KS Balakrishnan, J. Parashar, GP Tiwari e S. Anantharaman. "Estimation of transverse tensile behavior of Zircaloy pressure tubes using ring-tensile test and finite element analysis". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 227, n. 6 (13 settembre 2012): 1177–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406212460474.

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Determination of transverse mechanical properties from the ring type of specimens directly machined from the nuclear reactor pressure tubes is not straightforward. It is due to the presence of combined membrane as well as bending stresses arising in the loaded condition because of the curvature of the specimen. These tubes are manufactured through a complicated process of pilgering and heat treatment and hence, the transverse properties need to be determined in the as-manufactured condition. It may not also be possible to machine small miniaturized specimen in the circumferential direction especially in the irradiated condition. In this work, we have performed ring-tensile tests on the un-irradiated ring tensile specimen using two split semi-cylindrical mandrels as the loading device. A three-dimensional finite element analysis was performed in order to determine the material true stress–strain curve by comparing experimental load–displacement data with those predicted by finite element analysis. In order to validate the methodology, miniaturized tensile specimens were machined from these tubes and tested. It was observed that the stress–strain data as obtained from ring tensile specimen could describe the load–displacement curve of the miniaturized flat tensile specimen very well. However, it was noted that the engineering stress–strain as directly obtained from the experimental load–displacement curves of the ring tensile tests were very different from that of the miniaturized specimen. This important aspect has been resolved in this work through the use of an innovative type of 3-piece loading mandrel.

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Zhu, Zhikang, Zheng Lu, Peng Zhang, Wei Fu, Changyu Zhou e Xiaohua He. "Optimal Design of a Miniaturized Cruciform Specimen for Biaxial Testing of TA2 Alloys". Metals 9, n. 8 (25 luglio 2019): 823. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9080823.

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The biaxial tensile testing of cruciform specimens is an effective way to create complex loading, and is a feasible experimental method for studying the subsequent yield behavior. However, relevant knowledge gaps still exist in the geometric design of miniaturized cruciform specimens which are applicable to test machines with maximum load less than 5000 N. The present work outlines the systematic investigations of the optimal design of the miniaturized cruciform specimen of a commercial pure titanium TA2 for biaxial tensile testing. Finite element modeling (FEM) coupled with the orthogonal design is employed to explore the influence of various geometric parameters, i.e., the thickness of the central gauge region, the width, the length, and the number of the slit, and the radius of the inner chamfer, on the stress distribution of the central gauge region. The optimal geometric design of the miniaturized cruciform specimen is successfully obtained, simultaneously considering the stress uniformity in the central gauge region and economic factors. The full-field strain distributions are also determined via the digital image correction (DIC) technique, which confirm the accuracy of the results achieved from FEM. This work provides a complete and reliable procedure for optimizing the geometry of miniaturized cruciform specimens, whose application can be expanded to other metals in the future.

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Rubešová, Kateřina, Martin Rund, Sylwia Rzepa, Hana Jirková, Štěpán Jeníček, Miroslav Urbánek, Ludmila Kučerová e Pavel Konopík. "Determining Forming Limit Diagrams Using Sub-Sized Specimen Geometry and Comparing FLD Evaluation Methods". Metals 11, n. 3 (14 marzo 2021): 484. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11030484.

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Sheet metal forming boundaries are established using the forming limit diagram (FLD). The Nakajima and Marciniak tests, which are based on stretching a material using a punch, are the most commonly used methods for determining the FLD or fracture forming limit diagram (FFLD). The results are usually evaluated by calculating local strain, strain rates, specimen thickness reduction or fracture strain. When the amount of experimental material is insufficient, miniaturization of the testing specimens may be a solution. However, the interchangeability of the results for standard and miniaturized specimens has not been proven yet. In this study, the Nakajima tests were performed using standard and sub-sized specimens made of manganese–boron steel 22MnB5, commonly used in the automotive industry. Afterwards, four FLD/FFLD evaluation methods were applied and compared. The miniaturized specimens yielded higher strain values, which was explained by the varied ratio of material thickness/punch diameter and different bending conditions. The highest compliance of the results was recorded for the standard and miniaturized FFLD.

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Spisak, Bernadett, Zoltán Bézi, Réka Erdei e Szabolcs Szávai. "Modelling of crack propagation in miniaturized and normal SENB specimens based on local failure criterion". Frattura ed Integrità Strutturale 18, n. 68 (27 febbraio 2024): 296–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.3221/igf-esis.68.20.

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The use of miniaturized specimen testing methods is a promising way to solve the problem of limited materials in RPV monitoring programs. The use of miniature specimens allows the evaluation of fracture toughness from other specimen materials used. In particular, the small-size compact tensile test specimen (0.16T CT) is promising for the determination of fracture toughness, as it can be produced from the standard size Charpy specimen that has already been tested. However, if we have only 0.16T CT test, we cannot investigate the dimensional response and also have only one restricted deformation state, which may pose problems in verifying geometry independence and determining local parameters for state-of-the-art analyses. It is therefore recommended to prepare at least two tests with two different restricted deformation specimens. Therefore, the testing of mini single edge notched bending (SENB) is also required and can be worked out from the Charpy specimens. The paper presents the determination of fracture toughness for these miniaturized specimens by modifying the virtual crack closure technique (VCCT) simulation method using GTN parameters instead of energy release as the driving force. This allows the calculation of the J-integral to proceed in parallel with the crack propagation.

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Cruz, Daniel J., Jose Xavier, Rui L. Amaral e Abel D. Santos. "A Miniaturized Device Coupled with Digital Image Correlation for Mechanical Testing". Micromachines 13, n. 11 (19 novembre 2022): 2027. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13112027.

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Miniaturized mechanical testing based on small sample testing technology is a powerful technique to characterize the mechanical properties of different materials, and it is being used in different application fields. However, the small size of the specimens poses several challenges because the results are highly sensitive to measurement accuracy and the corresponding mechanical properties can change substantially due to the so-called specimen size effect. In this work, a novel testing device based on miniaturized specimens is presented. The equipment is designed to test materials in tensile and compressive loadings, but it is also capable of performing reverse-loading tests. Buckling of the specimen is an inherent phenomenon in compression loadings, especially for thin materials. Therefore, specimen geometry is properly studied and optimized to mitigate this effect. To evaluate the deformation of the specimen, the digital image correlation (DIC) technique is used to capture the full-field strain in the central gauge section of the sample. A sensitivity analysis of the DIC setting parameters was performed for this application. To evaluate the performance of the developed system, experimental results of monotonic tests and tests with reverse loadings (tension-compression) are presented, considering two high-strength steels (DP500 and DP780).

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Yu, Bintao, Wentuo Han, Zhenfeng Tong, Diancheng Geng, Chenlong Wang, Yingchao Zhao e Wen Yang. "Application of Small Specimen Test Technique to Evaluate Creep Behavior of Austenitic Stainless Steel". Materials 12, n. 16 (9 agosto 2019): 2541. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12162541.

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Small specimen test techniques (SSTT) are highly demanded in the nuclear field. In the present work, SSTT was applied to the creep tests of 15-15Ti austenitic steel. The creep behaviors of specimens with miniaturized and standard sizes were contrastively studied. The feasibility of SSTT is verified after tests under more than 20 creep conditions. The results that were obtained by miniaturized specimens are relatively conservative and they can be securely applied. The stress exponent and apparent activation creep energy of 15-15Ti are calculated as 7.7 and 428 kJ/mol, respectively. The creep microstructures are characterized by the evolution of dislocations, deformation twins, and precipitates.

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Mao, Xingyuan. "Fracture Toughness JIC Prediction From Super-Small Specimens (0.2CT, 0.5MM Thick) of a Martensitic Stainless Steel HT-9". Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 113, n. 1 (1 gennaio 1991): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2903369.

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The fracture toughness of alloy HT-9, a martensitic stainless steel under consideration for fusion reactor applications, was determined from 0.2CT (0.5mm thick) specimens. Specimens with thicknesses of 25 (1CT), 10 (0.4CT), 3 and 0.5 (0.2CT)mm were tested to investigate the effects of specimen size on fracture toughness. 0.2CT (0.5mm thick) specimens did not satisfy ASTM E813 size requirements for a valid JIc. Fractographic examinations of the variation of stretch zone width and fracture modes along the specimen thickness were performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), where flat and shear fracture regions had been distinguished. A new JIc evaluation procedure for invalid specimen size is proposed using rigid plastic analysis and shear fracture measurements with fractographic observations. Predicted JIc values were compared with the JIc values obtained from valid specimen sizes. This miniaturized specimen technique may be applicable to post-irradiation fracture toughness testing.

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Konishi, Yutaka, Takamoto Itoh, Masao Sakane, Fumio Ogawa e Hideyuki Kanayama. "Low Cycle Fatigue Test of Lead Free Solders Using Small Sized Specimen". Key Engineering Materials 734 (aprile 2017): 194–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.734.194.

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This paper investigates the fatigue results in low cycle fatigue region obtained from a miniaturized specimen having a 6mm gage length, 3mm diameter and 55mm total length. Fatigue tests were performed for two type lead-free solders using horizontal-type electrical servo hydraulic push-pull fatigue testing machine. Materials employed were Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu and Sn-5Sb. The results from Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu were compared with those obtained using a bulk specimen in a previous study. Relationship between strain range and number of cycles to failure of the small-sized specimen agreed with those of the bulk specimens. The testing techniques are applicable to Sn-5Sb following the Manson-Coffin law. These results confirm that the testing technique proposed here, using small-sized specimen, is suitable to get fruitful fatigue data for lead-free solder compounds.

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Lin, Yun, Wen Yang, Zhen Feng Tong e Guang Sheng Ning. "Fracture Toughness Analysis of the China RPV Steel with Miniaturized Specimen". Materials Science Forum 850 (marzo 2016): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.850.41.

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Reactor pressurized vessel (RPV), which determines the lifetime of the nuclear power plant (NPP), is mainly forged using A508-3 steel in China. In order to meet the requirement of the small specimen test technique in the nuclear application, the fracture toughness of A508-3 steel was tested under-100°C using 1/4 CT specimens, and analyzed using Master Curve according to ASTM E 1921. In this work, the relationship of the KIC and the distance between the cleavage crack initiation site and the front of the fatigue crack is studied, and the transition temperature T0 of A508-3 is-98.7 oC, which is quite close to the test temperature.

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Miwa, Y., S. Jitsukawa e A. Hishinuma. "Development of a miniaturized hour-glass shaped fatigue specimen". Journal of Nuclear Materials 258-263 (ottobre 1998): 457–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3115(98)00306-7.

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Più fonti

Tesi sul tema "Miniaturized specimen"

Holas, Jiří. "Testování lomové houževnatosti za vysokých teplot s využitím miniaturních CT těles". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231783.

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This master´s thesis deals with the evaluation of fracture behavior of ODS steel MA956 at high temperature range. This behavior was tested by using miniaturized CT specimens, on which were performed experiments to measure of ductile crack growth resistance curves (J-R curves). The value of the fracture toughness was determined from these J-R curves. Fracture properties were consequently evaluated by using fractographic analysis of the fracture surfaces. Structural properties of material was identified by hardness measurement and analyzed by metallographic methods. Results of the measurements show drop of the fracture toughness with respect to the increasing temperature.

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Cheng, Sihan. "Développement de méthodes et d'analyses pour l'étude de la ténacité sur petites éprouvettes". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPSLM006.

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Les essais de ténacité permettent de mesurer les propriétés de résistance d'un matériau vis-à-vis de l'amorçage et de la propagation de fissure. La réalisation de ces essais nécessite l'utilisation d'éprouvettes suffisamment grandes afin de mesurer une propriété valide. Cependant, il existe de nombreux cas pour lesquels il n'est pas possible d'obtenir des éprouvettes de dimensions suffisantes. En combinant une approche expérimentale et la simulation, cette thèse vise à développer des méthodes de mesure de la ténacité d'un matériau ductile à l'aide de petites éprouvettes. Un acier 316L(N) a été retenu pour cette étude car il est largement utilisé dans l'industrie nucléaire. Afin d'évaluer la robustesse de la démarche, l'étude a été conduite sur l'alliage à l'état neuf et sur un état moins ductile vieilli à 750°C en 2000h.L'étude a été faite sur une large gamme d'éprouvettes non fissurées (lisses, axisymétriques entaillées, doublement entaillées (DENT), de déformation plane) et fissurées (CT) de géométries variables. Les éprouvettes fissurées ont été analysées en terme de courbe J-da et les éprouvettes non fissurées (DENT) en terme de travail essentiel de rupture. Cette large base d'essais, combinée avec des expertises fractographiques et des essais interrompus, a permis d'identifier la séquence d'endommagement et d'ajuster un modèle de comportement et d'endommagement couplé (type GTN). La confrontation entre expériences et simulations a permis de discuter l'effet de taille sur la mesure de J, les limites de validité des normes et la compétition entre rupture par déchirement ductile et instabilité pastique
Fracture toughness tests allow measuring a material's properties resisting crack initiation and propagation. They require the specimen size to be large enough to measure a valid value. However, there are numerous cases where obtaining specimens of adequate dimensions is impossible. By combining an experimental approach with simulations, this thesis aims to develop methods for measuring the toughness of a ductile material using small specimens. This study is carried out on 316L(N) stainless steel, which is widely used in the nuclear industry. To assess the robustness of the approach, the material was studied at its as-received state and at an aged state at 750°C for 2000 hours, which is less ductile.A broad range of uncracked specimens (smooth and notched tensile, double edge notched tensile (DENT), and flat-grooved) and cracked specimens (CT) with variable geometries was studied. The cracked specimens were analyzed in terms of J-da curve, and the uncracked specimens (DENT) in terms of essential work of fracture. These tests, combined with fractographic analysis and interrupted tests, allow identifying the damage sequence and adjusting a coupled plastic behavior and damage model (GTN type). The comparison between experiences and simulations facilitated discussions on the size effect on J measurement, the validity limits of standards, and the competition between rupture by ductile tearing and plastic instability

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Lazar, Václav. "Kalibrace experimentálního zařízení pro testování kosmických technologií". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-401523.

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Diplomová práce se zabývá možnosti kalibrace experimentálního testovacího zařízení. Zejména se věnuje návrhu termálního matematického modelu popisujícího tepelné procesy uvnitř zařízení v průběhu měření tepelné vodivosti vzorku. První část práce je věnována seznámení se s testovacím zařízením, jeho limity a principem měření. Popisuje řešení třetí verze testovací komory, společně s nezbytnými úpravami, provedenými za účelem zajištění předepsaných simulačních podmínek. Zmiňuje také potřebu a důvody kalibrace. Druhá část je především zaměřená na návrh kalibračních vzorků a termálního modelu. Uvádí definované požadavky a konečné vlastnosti vyrobených vzorků. Matematický model prezentuje postup výpočtu zjištěných tepelných ztrát a poukazuje na možnosti jejich zpřesnění. Testování kalibračních vzorků bylo provedeno na nově zprovozněné třetí verzi testovací komory. Naměřené výsledky poslouží k ladění termálního modelu, nezbytného k dokončení kalibračního procesu, který umožní přikročení k další fázi testování v experimentální komoře.

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Mašek, Jakub. "Funkční zkouška tepelného spínače pro prostředí planety Mars". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-254304.

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Diplomová práce se zabývá studiem projektu tepelného spínače a dosažených výsledků. Zaměřuje se především na vývoj zařízení pro zkoušení tepelného spínače v podmínkách odpovídající prostředí planety Marsu. První část práce se zabývá především popisem vývoje zkušební komory určené pro simulaci extrémních podmínek, tj. nízkého tlaku a teplot, od předběžného návrhu až po konečnou podobu komory, která bude použita pro předepsané zkoušky. Práce popisuje také důvody úprav některých částí komory a uvádí návrhy řešení nepředvídaných událostí, které vznikly v průběhu testů. Cílem druhé části práce je návrh kampaně pro zkoušení tepelného spínače od úvodních zkoušek ověření základní funkčnosti komory, přes ověření vlastností a nastavení všech systémů měřícího zařízení, až po zkoušky na prvních vzorcích a závěrečném kvalifikačním modelu tepelného spínače. Dále se práce zaměřuje na postup vyhodnocení naměřených dat a jevů, které jej ovlivňují. Kalibrační zkoušky zařízení, systémů a postupu vyhodnocení naměřených dat, které byly provedeny na speciálně navržených náhradních vzorcích, jsou téměř u konce. Jakmile budou výsledky schváleny, zkušební komora i navržené postupy měření budou připraveny pro požadované zkoušení vzorků tepelného spínače.

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Lee, Pei-Ling, e 李佩玲. "Development of miniaturized on-line analytical systems for in vivo and continuously monitoring of variation of arsenic species in anesthetized rats". Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/24530552362308387653.

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碩士
國立清華大學
原子科學系
91
The toxicological and biological roles of trace elements are reported highly dependent on their chemical forms and/or oxidation states. In the past decade, the understanding of the impact of various species of trace elements on biological and environmental systems has been remarkably advanced, due mainly to the significant improvement in the speciation techniques. In view of the need of pharmacokinetics studies, the metabolic and biotransportation information of arsenicals in target organs has been considered indispensable in adequately characterizing the effectiveness and impact of arsenic trioxide. Based on aforementioned requirements, an in vivo, in-situ and continuous analytical system was developed to monitor the dynamic variation of different arsenic metabolites in anesthetized rat. In our study, two miniaturized hyphenation techniques, named microdialysis-micro HPLC-ICP-MS and microdialysis-micro HPLC-HG-ICP-MS, were developed. To extract analyte species from target organs, Ringer’s solution was used to perfuse arsenicals from target organs at flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. An on-line injector (CMA 160) equipped with a 10-mL sample loop and a hydride generator was used to interface microdialysis probe, microbore-LC column and ICP-MS. Under the optimized conditions, the detection limits obtained with the proposed method can be as low as 0.37, 0.56, 1.42 and 1.88 ng/mL for As(III), DMA, MMA and As(V), respectively. The stability of this method can be controlled down to approximately 10 % after continuous operation up to 360 min, permitting to continuously monitor the variation of analyte arsenic species in anesthetized rat after the administration of arsenic trioxide. Based on the achieved analytical results, an in vivo, in-situ and continuous monitoring technique for the investigation of dynamic variation of trace arsenicals in anesthetized rat has been performed by this study. On behalf of the novelty of our proposed method, further characterization of the detoxification and metabolic mechanism of arsenic in various organisms has become possible.

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Zielke, Henry. "Bestimmung der bruch- und schädigungsmechanischen Eigenschaften keramischer Filterwerkstoffe aus Kleinstproben". 2019. https://tubaf.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A36891.

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In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden bruch- und schädigungsmechanische Eigenschaften keramischer Filterwerkstoffe, welche im Rahmen des SFB 920 entwickelt und erforscht werden, bestimmt. Es wurden zwei verschiedene Werkstoffsysteme - Aluminiumoxid und kohlenstoffgebundenes Alumniumoxid - mit entwickelten Miniaturprüfmethoden bei Prüftemperaturen bis 1500°C untersucht. Mit Hilfe des Ball-On-Three-Balls-Tests (B3B) wurde die biaxiale Festigkeit in Abhängigkeit der Prüftemperatur bestimmt. Für die kohlenstoffgebundenen Proben wurde weiterhin der Einfluss der Verkokungstemperatur als auch des Kohlenstoffgehalts auf die Festigkeit untersucht. Es konnte ein Festigkeitsmaximum ermittelt werden, wenn die Prüftemperatur der Verkokungstemperatur entspricht. Die schädigungsmechanischen Materialparameter des duktilen Verformungs- und Versagensverhalten beider Werkstoffe bei 1500°C wurden mit Hilfe von numerischen Simulationen des B3B identifiziert. Die Bestimmung der bruchmechanischen Kennwerte erfolgte mit einem Vier-Punkt-Biegeversuchsaufbaus mit Chevron-gekerbten Proben (CNB-Versuch). Numerische Untersuchungen dienten zur Bestätigung der Versuchsergebnisse und Bestimmung der Form der Rissfront sowie Risswachstum während des Versuches.
In the present work, fracture and damage mechanical properties of ceramic filter materials, which are developed and investigated within the framework of the CRC 920, are determined. Two different material systems - alumina and carbon-bonded alumina - are investigated using miniaturized test methods at temperatures up to 1500°C. The biaxial strength at different temperatures is determined using the Ball-On-Three-Balls-Test (B3B). The strength of carbon-bonded specimens is dependent on the coking temperature and the carbon content. A maximum strength can be obtained if the testing temperature equals the coking temperature. The damage-mechanical material parameters in order to describe the ductile deformation and failure behaviour of both materials at 1500°C are identified with the help of numerical simulations. The determination of fracture-mechanical properties are carried out with a four-point bending test setup with chevron-notched specimens (CNB). Numerical investigations are used to validate the test results and to simulate the shape of the crack front and crack growth during the experiment.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Miniaturized specimen"

Karthik, V., K. V. Kasiviswanathan e Baldev Raj. "Applications of Small Specimen Testing". In Miniaturized Testing of ENGINEERING MATERIALS, 131–57. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, CRC Press, 2017. | Series: Advanced materials science and technology: CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315372051-5.

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Karthik, V., K. V. Kasiviswanathan e Baldev Raj. "Critical Issues in Small Specimen Testing". In Miniaturized Testing of ENGINEERING MATERIALS, 111–30. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, CRC Press, 2017. | Series: Advanced materials science and technology: CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315372051-4.

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Karthik, V., K. V. Kasiviswanathan e Baldev Raj. "Miniature Specimen Testing for Tensile and Plastic Flow Properties". In Miniaturized Testing of ENGINEERING MATERIALS, 23–84. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, CRC Press, 2017. | Series: Advanced materials science and technology: CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315372051-2.

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Lucon, E., C. N. McCowan, R. L. Santoyo e J. D. Splett. "Certified KLST Miniaturized Charpy Specimens for the Indirect Verification of Small-Scale Impact Machines". In Small Specimen Test Techniques: 6th Volume, 1–20. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959: ASTM International, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp157620140003.

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Abendroth, Martin, Shahin Takht Firouzeh, Meinhard Kuna e Bjoern Kiefer. "Determination of the Temperature-Dependent Fracture and Damage Properties of Ceramic Filter Materials from Small Scale Specimens". In Multifunctional Ceramic Filter Systems for Metal Melt Filtration, 577–603. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-40930-1_23.

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AbstractOpen cell ceramic foam filters are used to improve the quality of metallic cast products. They play a major role on reducing the number of inclusions within the microstructure of the cast product and restraining the liquid flow inside the mold. The newly developed carbon-bonded alumina ceramics are investigated considering the mechanical and thermal loads of the filtration process. The aim of this project is to assess the strength, the fracture mechanical behavior, and the damage properties of the filter material. Since the tiny struts of the foam have different properties than the common bulk material specimen, small specimens of millimeter size are needed. Within this work, a combination of experiments and numerical simulations are conducted for various mechanical tests at temperatures up to 1500 $${}^{\circ }\text {C}$$ ∘ C . The first test is the small punch test (SPT), where a small disk-like specimen is supported on a circular die and loaded with a spherical tipped punch until failure of the disk occurs. The small punch fracture stress is obtained from the experiments, as well as the corresponding parameters of the Weibull distribution necessary for the evaluation of the cold modulus of rupture (CMOR). Furthermore, a modified version of the SPT, the so called ball on three ball test (B3B), is carried out. In the B3B test, miniaturized disk-shaped specimens are supported with three spherical balls and loaded with a spherical tipped punch until failure. Hereby, the fracture mechanical parameters, such as the fracture toughness, are identified with the help of numerical simulations. Moreover, the Chevron notched beam test (CNB) is used to determine the fracture toughness of the ceramics. The final test is the Brazilian disc test (BDT), where compressive loads are exerted on the specimen leading to tensile stresses along the specimen diameter, perpendicular to the applied load direction. This test is employed to determine the Young’s modulus, the yield stress and the fracture toughness. In general the simplicity of all these tests, their setup, application, and results evaluation, in addition to the ease of specimens production, make them very attractive. The size of these specimens is about one order of magnitude smaller than that of common standard tests. The accompanying numerical simulations are inevitable to extract from the measurements the wanted mechanical properties.

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Karthik, V., K. V. Kasiviswanathan e Baldev Raj. "Miniature Specimens for Fatigue and Fracture Properties". In Miniaturized Testing of ENGINEERING MATERIALS, 85–109. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, CRC Press, 2017. | Series: Advanced materials science and technology: CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315372051-3.

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Moosazadeh, Mahdi. "Miniaturised Antipodal Vivaldi Antenna and Its Application for Detection of Void Inside Concrete Specimens". In Antipodal Vivaldi Antennas for Microwave Imaging of Construction Materials and Structures, 91–112. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05566-0_6.

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Dzugan, Jan, Pavel Konopik e Martin Rund. "Fracture Toughness Determination with the Use of Miniaturized Specimens". In Contact and Fracture Mechanics. InTech, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.73093.

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Misawa, Toshihei, e Shin-Ichi Komazaki. "Ductile-brittel transition evaluation of Japanese sword and weld metals using miniaturized impact specimens". In From Charpy To Present Impact Testing, 119–25. Elsevier, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1566-1369(02)80012-7.

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"Challenges for Diadromous Fishes in a Dynamic Global Environment". In Challenges for Diadromous Fishes in a Dynamic Global Environment, a cura di Michael J. W. Stokesbury, Michael J. Dadswell, Kim N. Holland, George D. Jackson, W. Don Bowen e Ronald K. O’Dor. American Fisheries Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874080.ch20.

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<em>Abstract</em>.-Tagging fish with electronic tags can provide information on movement, migration, behavior, and stock structure while diadromous species are at sea. The state of the art technology for tracking fishes in the marine environment includes two families of tags. Archival tags store data and either relay them to satellites or require recapture for interrogation. Low return rates for diadromous species make these tags very expensive to use. A second type, acoustic tags, sends signals to passive receivers. Information is collected from the fish only when it is within range of a receiver. Technology is now being developed to mesh these tags into a fully integrated tag that will permit archived data to be transmitted acoustically over multiple frequencies to receivers allowing data retrieval without recapturing the animal. The new technology includes a "business card" tag that is a miniaturized receiver coupled with a coded pulse transmitter. These tags will exchange and record individual-specific codes when two animals carrying them come within acoustic range of each other, which will allow data from many animals to be moved ashore through few animals. These devices would be ideal for quantifying the degree of school fidelity (or, conversely, mixing) or the degree of at sea interaction of fishes from different river systems and provide ecological information to enhance management in an ecosystem approach to fisheries.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Miniaturized specimen"

Chaouadi, Rachid, Marlies Lambrecht e Robert Gérard. "Crack Resistance Curve Measurement With Miniaturized CT Specimen". In ASME 2018 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2018-84690.

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The use of miniature compact tension (mini-CT) specimens for fracture mechanics was experimentally demonstrated to allow the characterization of ferritic steels in the transition regime. In particular, the master curve transition temperature T0 can confidently be determined according to the ASTM E1921 standard using mini-CT specimens. This means that specimen size effect is well taken into account if loss of constraint is limited by restricting the test temperature range to remain below the allowed maximum loading level. In the upper shelf ductile regime, where stable crack growth occurs, a number of challenges should be overcome to use such a geometry to derive the crack resistance curve, or JR-curve, transferrable to a structure. Indeed, despite a large scatter, the experimental data on several materials suggest a size effect that underestimates the crack resistance when reducing specimen size. The crack resistance behavior of several reactor pressure vessel materials was investigated with square-sized ligament compact tension specimens of various size ranging from 1 inch-thickness (B = 25 mm) to the smallest thickness (B = 4.2 mm) of the mini-CT. The main objective of this paper is to estimate the crack resistance behavior of RPV steels that would be obtained with a standard 1T-CT specimen by using mini-CT with the appropriate specimen size correction. After a series of scaling attempts that were not successful, based on a simple dimensional analysis, a simple analytical formulation based on specimen thickness and ligament is suggested to account for specimen size effect for the CT geometry. Reasonable agreement could generally be found on a number of RPV materials between crack resistance measured with mini-CT and standard 1T-CT specimens.

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Stratil, Ludek, Filip Siska, Ivo Dlouhy e Marta Serrano. "The Application of Miniaturized Three-Point-Bend Specimens for Determination of the Reference Temperature of JRQ Steel". In ASME 2015 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2015-45706.

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This contribution deals with determination of the reference temperature of JRQ steel using miniaturized specimens. The dimensions of used miniaturized specimens were 3 × 4 × 27 mm (thickness × width × length). This specimen type offers the utilization of limited amount of test material or broken halves of precracked Charpy and larger specimens. The test material comes from the broken halves of 0.5T SEB specimens previously tested for purposes of the reference temperature determination in Ciemat, Madrid. The fracture toughness tests of specimens were performed in the transition region of the steel according to the recommendations of standard ASTM E1921 and according Wallin’s recommended temperature range for miniaturized specimens. The determined reference temperature of the Master Curve was very similar to the determined ones from three-point-bend specimen of sizes 0.2T, 0.4T and 0.5T. The obtained results confirm a necessity of conduct of tests at low temperatures and testing sufficient number of specimens in order to generate enough valid data for determination of the reference temperature.

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Yamaguchi, Teruhiro, Yuma Higashino e Toshiyuki Meshii. "Application of the Modified Ritchie–Knott–Rice Criterion to Predict Fracture of Miniaturized Charpy Type SE(B) Specimens From Full Sized Specimens". In ASME 2016 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2016-63211.

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This paper introduces our experience of using miniaturized Charpy type SE(B) specimen in obtaining fracture toughness Jc of a material in the ductile to brittle transition temperature (DBTT) region. 0.55% carbon steel JIS S55C, whose tensile to yield stress ratio σTS/σYS was equal to 1.8 was chosen as a material to simulate a degraded (embrittled) material in the DBTT region. Focus was placed on whether the modified Ritchie–Knott–Rice (RKR) failure criterion which predicts the onset of cleavage fracture when the crack opening stress measured at 4 times the crack-tip opening displacement σ22d exceeds this σ22c can be applied to miniaturized specimen that does not meet the ASTM E1921 requirement of M = (W-a)σYS/Jc ≥ 30. In concrete, the points 1) whether it could predict whether cleavage fracture will occur or not and 2) whether the σ22c in the case cleavage occurs is identical with that of full sized specimens, were focused. Charpy type SE(B) specimens of Width W × thickness B of 2 × 2 mm, 3 × 3 mm and 10 × 10 mm, whose M were predicted to be smaller than 30, were chosen as miniaturized specimens and 25 × 25 mm were chosen as full sized specimen. Results showed that the modified RKR criterion could appropriately predict cleavage fracture naturally for 25 × 25 mm specimens and 10 × 10 mm specimens, though M < 30 for this type specimen. The modified RKR criterion could also predict that cleavage fracture will not occur for 2 × 2 mm specimens. σ22c obtained from 25 × 25 and 10 × 10 mm specimens showed small difference, indicating that Jc obtained from 10 × 10 mm specimens can be used to transfer Jc obtained by 25 × 25 mm specimens.

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Parasız, Sunal Ahmet, Reid VanBenthysen e Brad L. Kinsey. "Deformation Size Effects Due to Specimen and Grain Size in Microbending". In ASME 2010 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2010-34038.

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Sheet metal forming often consists of bending processes in which gradients of deformation exists through the thickness of the workpiece in a localized deformation area. In microscale bending, these deformation gradients become much steeper, as the changes in the deformation occur over short distances (on the order of microns). In addition, with miniaturization the number of grains that are present through the thickness decreases significantly. In this research, the effect of grain size and specimen size on the deformation distribution through the thickness of microbent sheet specimens was investigated via microhardness evaluations. It was found that the deformation distribution, i.e., hardness profile, is not affected significantly by the grain size when the sheet thickness is large (for 1.625 mm specimens) or by miniaturization of the specimen size when the grain size is fine. However, the deformation distribution of the coarse grained specimens deviates from the fine grained ones and from the 1.625 mm thick sheet specimens when the specimen size is miniaturized.

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Hetz, P. "Contact pressure-dependent friction compensation in upsetting tests with miniaturized specimens". In Sheet Metal 2023. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644902417-26.

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Abstract. Components produced by sheet metal forming can so far only be characterized locally to a limited extent using conventional tests, such as the tensile test or the hydraulic cupping test, due to the size of the specimen. A new approach based on miniaturized upsetting specimens taken from the sheet plane allows to determine the material properties of semi-finished products locally, for example in radii. However, in addition to this specific advantage, challenges such as friction between the specimen and the tool also appear with this testing method. For an accurate determination of the material parameters, it is therefore necessary to correct the test force by the friction coefficient. According to the state of the art, a variety of tests for friction coefficient characterization exist. By using a novel numerical method, friction coefficients for upsetting tests can be calculated contact pressure-dependent by means of an experimental single layer upsetting test. Therefore, in this paper, this method will be used for the first time to compensate the friction part in an upsetting test with miniaturized specimens as a function the contact pressure. This can improve the experimental mapping of the material behavior in the uniaxial compression stress state with increasing strain and hardening, since share of friction force increases with a higher deformation in the upsetting test. In contrast, a friction coefficient compensation based on an average value is provided in order to analyze, whether or in which case a contact pressure-dependent friction compensation is appropriate. In particular, for upsetting tests with miniaturized specimens, these results are relevant, since a major advantage of this test compared to conventional tests besides the local component characterization is the determination of material properties at high strains.

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Rzepa, Sylwia, Matouš Uhlík, Daniel Melzer, Martina Koukolíková, Pavel Konopík e Ján Džugan. "Mechanical Behavior of 316L-IN718 Interface Produced by Directed Energy Deposition Investigated Using Miniaturized Specimens". In ASME 2023 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2023-106298.

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Abstract Functionally graded materials (FGMs) are materials distinguished by gradual variation in structure and composition within their volume. Nowadays, the development of FGMs is also accelerated by development and expansion of additive manufacturing (AM) technology, which represents a tool for their relatively easy and precise production. This contribution is focused on the characterization of mechanical performance of SS316L-IN718 interface in terms of local tensile behavior that was investigated using miniaturized tensile test (MTT). The tensile behavior of single material zones (SS316L and IN718) as well as two-material interface zones were examined in parallel and perpendicular orientations with respect to the direction of deposition. The strain maps of MTT specimens were compared and used as a tool for failure process evaluation. Beside the sharp two-material interface observed using scanning electron microscope (SEM), a diffusion zone of certain elements was detected via wavelength-dispersive spectroscopy (WDS) line scan. The specimen orientation at the interface is a decisive factor considering the material failure location. The fractographic analysis of MTT specimen machined in vertical orientation showed that the fracture process was observed preferably in the SS316L zone. The strain within IN718 zone was very limited until the end of the test. Contrary to that, in the case of the specimen oriented horizontally, the failure process was initiated in the zone of IN718, which was characterized by higher strength but the plastic capacity was depleted earlier. The recorded stress level yielded the values above these of vertical specimen (SS316L) but below IN718. This suggests that the stress was carried preferably by the IN718 part of horizontally-oriented specimen.

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Metzler, Timo, Ermile Gaganidze e Jarir Aktaa. "Numerical Prediction of Fracture Toughness of a Reactor Pressure Vessel Steel Based on Experiments Using Small Specimens". In ASME 2023 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2023-105918.

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Abstract Due to limited availability of irradiated material and safety concerns when testing large, irradiated specimens, a major effort is being made in nuclear materials research to establish small specimen testing techniques for determining the fracture resistance of reactor pressure vessel (RPV) steels. The ASTM E1921 standard is used extensively to estimate fracture toughness of ferritic steels in the ductile-to-brittle transition region. Because of the inherent low constraint of small specimens, many test results exceed the fracture toughness limit specified in the standard, resulting in wasted material. To avoid this problem, finite element analysis using the cohesive zone model is applied to predict the fracture toughness of standard-sized specimens based on small specimen test results. Those tests were carried out within the framework of the FRACTESUS project using miniaturized compact tension specimens. The parameters of the cohesive zone model are calibrated by means of a hybrid experimental-numerical approach. After identification of the parameters on small specimens, the simulation of a standard-sized geometry is performed, and the resulting fracture toughness is compared to the small specimen data.

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Dzugan, Jan, Radek Prochazka e Pavel Konopik. "Low Cycle Fatigue Tests With the Use of Miniaturized Test Specimens". In ASME 2017 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2017-66174.

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Determination of mechanical properties with the use of sub-sized specimens is topic a high interest nowadays. The application of the sub-sized samples is quite wide for all cases where only limited amount of the experimental material is available such as evaluation of additively manufactured products properties, residual life of in-service components, properties determination of developed nano-structured materials, assessment of dilatometric samples used for thermal and thermo-mechanical treatment development, local properties of components, weld joints and so on. Concerning this large application field it would be very useful to prepare standard for small size samples especially for the most demanded material properties: tensile properties, notch impact transition temperature, fatigue properties, fracture toughness and creep. Current paper is going to deal with the low fatigue (LCF) properties assessment with the use of miniaturized specimens’. There were proposed specimen geometries with the use of FEM analysis and testing procedures for considered mini-specimens tests were developed. In the case of strain controlled LCF tests, contactless testing system had to be established for testing of small sized specimens, where it is not possible to apply standard mechanical extensometers for test control. Moreover, LCF procedure for high temperature tests was also successfully established here. The LCF results were subsequently used for Manson-Coffin parameters determination. Results of low cycle tests for several steels are confronted with the results of standard sized specimens with very good agreement for all considered conditions.

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Chaouadi, Rachid, Eric van Walle, Marc Scibetta e Robert Gérard. "On the Use of Miniaturized CT Specimens for Fracture Toughness Characterization of RPV Materials". In ASME 2016 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2016-63607.

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The tendency to reduce specimen size for fracture toughness characterization of structural materials is gaining a spectacular interest in particular for irradiated materials. Indeed, the miniaturized compact tension (mini-CT) with a size of 10×10×4.2 mm is becoming very popular. With such a small volume, a large number of mini-CT specimens can be extracted from broken Charpy impact specimens and therefore makes this geometry very attractive and consequently several round robin exercises are organized to qualify this geometry. SCK•CEN has gained a lot of experience since the first usage of this geometry more than a decade ago. This geometry was qualified and tested in both unirradiated as well as irradiated condition. This paper overviews the SCK•CEN experience using the mini-CT geometry for fracture toughness characterization. In particular, it discusses the reliability of this geometry in comparison to large specimens such as the precracked Charpy and compares the advantages and limitations of such a geometry to derive some recommendations.

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Kim, Jongmin, e Minchul Kim. "Derivation of Transverse Tensile Properties of Alloy 690 Steam Generator Tubes Using Ring-Tensile Specimen and Finite Element Analysis". In ASME 2018 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2018-84828.

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Transverse tensile properties of the Alloy 690 steam generator tube used in Korean PWR(pressurized water reactor) nuclear power plant is one of the main properties to analyze creep rupture caused by the hoop stress in the severe accident conditions. Transverse tensile properties of steam generator tubes cannot be obtained directly machined from the tubes and it is also difficult to make miniaturized flat tensile specimens due to their geometry limitations. The ring-tensile specimens are widely used to measure the tensile properties in the circumferential direction, but membrane and bending stresses are mixed in the ring-tensile specimen during the test due to the shape of ring-tensile specimens. Therefore, obtaining the transverse tensile properties need the inverse analysis using finite element analysis and optimization process. In this study, ring-tensile tests were carried out using 3-piece loading mandrel. The stress-strain curve of ring-tensile specimen in transverse direction is derived by comparing the load-displacement curves of the finite element analysis with those of test. The load-displacement curves from tests agree well with the finite element results. Use of finite element analysis and optimization process as used in this work is effective to predict the transverse tensile properties of ring-tensile specimen.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Miniaturized specimen"

Lucon, Enrico, e Nik W. Hrabe. Instrumented impact tests on miniaturized Charpy specimens of additively manufactured (AM) Ti6Al4V. National Institute of Standards and Technology, settembre 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.tn.1936.

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Lucon, Enrico. Miniaturized Charpy specimens for the indirect verification of small-scale Charpy machines: initial qualification phase. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, marzo 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.tn.1562.

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Lucon, Enrico. Miniaturized Charpy specimens for the indirect verification of small-scale Charpy machines: initial qualification phase (revised). Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, luglio 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.tn.1562-1.

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Lucon, Enrico, Chris N. McCowan e Ray L. Santoyo. Impact characterization of line pipe steels by means of standard, sub-size and miniaturized charpy specimens. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.tn.1865.

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Lucon, Enrico, Christopher N. McCowan e Raymond L. Santoyo. Impact Characterization of 4340 and T200 Steels by Means of Standard, Sub Size and Miniaturized Charpy Specimens. National Institute of Standards and Technology, febbraio 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.tn.1858.

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Lucon, Enrico, Chris McCowan, Ray Santoyo e Jolene Splett. Standard Reference Materials (R) Certification Report for SRM 2216, 2218, 2219: KLST (Miniaturized) Charpy V-Notch Impact Specimens. National Institute of Standards and Technology, dicembre 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.sp.260-180.

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Inazumi, T., G. E. C. Bell, E. A. Kenik e K. Kiuchi. Detection of radiation-induced changes in electrochemical properties of austenitic stainless steels using miniaturized specimens and the single-loop electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation method. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), gennaio 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10155166.

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