Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Mineurs migrants"
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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Mineurs migrants":
1
Aupiais, C. "Santé des migrants mineurs". Perfectionnement en Pédiatrie 4, n. 3 (settembre 2021): S12—S15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2588-932x(21)00196-0.
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Rongé, Jean-Luc. "Enfants migrants - Mineurs isolés étrangers". Journal du droit des jeunes 338-339, n. 8 (2014): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/jdj.338.0084.
3
Calogirou, Claire. "Questions sur le bilinguisme d’enfants de migrants". Diversité 164, n. 1 (2011): 212–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/diver.2011.3435.
Abstract (sommario):
Les enfants de migrants ont-ils des difficultés avec le français écrit ? Leur bilinguisme est-il un handicap ? L’auteur analyse le maniement écrit de la langue française d’adolescents maghrébins et portugais mineurs et non mineurs de justice comparés à une population française similaire.
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Calogirou, Claire. "Questions sur le bilinguisme d'enfants de migrants". Migrants formation 63, n. 1 (1985): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/diver.1985.6399.
Abstract (sommario):
Les enfants de migrants ont-ils des difficultés avec le français écrit ? Leur bilinguisme est-il un handicap ? L'auteur analyse le maniement écrit de la langue française d'adolescents maghrébins et portugais mineurs et non mineurs de justice comparés à une population française similaire.
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Armagnague, Maïtena, e Isabelle Rigoni. "Éditorial : Expériences scolaires des mineurs migrants". Revue européenne des migrations internationales 34, n. 4 (1 dicembre 2018): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/remi.11532.
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Fischer, Nicolas. "Protéger les mineurs, contrôler les migrants". Revue française de sociologie 53, n. 4 (2012): 689. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rfs.534.0689.
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Vitturi, Lisa. "Les mineurs afghans à Paris : migrants en transit ou mineurs en danger ?" Migrations Société N° 129-130, n. 3 (2010): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/migra.129.0227.
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Peyroux, Olivier. "Mineurs migrants et traite des êtres humains". Hommes & migrations, n. 1328 (1 gennaio 2020): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/hommesmigrations.10652.
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Ziemer, Sarah, Jeanne Maillard-Lizarte, Rahmeth Radjack e Mayssa El Husseini. "Travailler l’alliance éducative avec les mineurs migrants". Soins 65, n. 850 (novembre 2020): 50–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0038-0814(20)30278-4.
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Sifi, Mokrane. "Quand les jeunes migrants prennent la parole". Revue d’histoire de l’enfance « irrégulière » N° 11, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2009): 139–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rhei.011.0139.
Abstract (sommario):
Les récits collectés lors de l’entretien d’arrivée des jeunes "FMA" au centre d’observation de Savigny-sur-Orge, les écrits provoqués durant leur séjour, les lettres confisquées et conservées dans leurs dossiers, viennent nuancer une certaine vision sur la migration des algériens vers la France métropolitaine. Ces dossiers nous révèlent l’existence d’une migration de jeunes mineurs « isolés » vers la métropole. Ce type de migration peu connu se distingue de la migration de l’homme adulte seul et de la migration familiale sur différents aspects. La montée en métropole de cette population apparaît beaucoup plus comme une tentative d’affirmer son indépendance et son autonomie, souvent en rupture avec la famille et son mode de fonctionnement patriarcal, ou moins directement dictée par les impératifs économiques de la communauté dont le jeune est issu. Par ailleurs, certains mineurs ne débarquent pas du « bled », mais arrivent d’Alger ou d’autres grandes villes où ils ont suivi des études. A travers les quelques dossiers étudiés, on peut déjà constater deux types de migration de jeunes mineurs peu étudiés, nous semble-t-il, jusqu’à aujourd’hui. Le premier est celui des aînés des fratries. Ceux-là ont été ramenés par leurs pères qui travaillent et vivent depuis un bon moment en France métropolitaine. Le second type est celui qu’on a appelé, dès le début des années 1950, la migration de « jeunes isolés ». Ces jeunes signalés par les services sociaux, sont venus en métropole de leur propre gré.
Tesi sul tema "Mineurs migrants":
1
Kobanda, Ngbenza Dieudonné. "Le parcours de vie des enfant isolés étrangers en France : contextes et situations". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAG041/document.
Abstract (sommario):
Depuis la fin des années 1990, on assiste de plus en plus à l’arrivée en nombre important des enfants étrangers sur le territoire français et européen. Ils viennent de tous les continents et personne ne détient sur eux l’autorité parentale. Un phénomène sans précédent dans l’histoire de l’immigration européenne qui attise des tensions entre les pouvoirs publics et les associations de défense de droits de l’enfant. Le statut de ces mineurs isolés sur le territoire national demeure flou et leur intégration ressemble plus à ce que les associations qualifient de« parcours de combattant ». Relativement protégés par leur minorité, ils ne peuvent sereinement envisager de poursuivre ni un projet scolaire adapté, ni une insertion professionnelle fiable si leur situation administrative n’a pas été régularisée avant d’atteindre l’âge de 18 ans.En suivant le parcours institutionnel d’une dizaine des jeunes pendant près de 5 ans, cette thèse analyse le profil des jeunes migrants, les atouts et écueils de leur prise en charge dans une société d’accueil en pleine mutation législative, institutionnelle et sociétale. L’étude reconstitue, questionne et analyse les enjeux de parcours et de construction de vie pour les mineurs d’une part, les défis d’accompagnement de ce public pour les acteurs sociaux et institutionnels de l’autre. Enfin, cette thèse interroge et analyse également les pratiques belges relatives à l’accueil et à la prise en charge de ces enfants, permettant ainsi une comparaison des réponses apportées par les deux pays à la situation de ce publicSince the end of the 1990’s, we more and more attend to the arrival in huge numbers of foreign children on the French and European territory. They come from all continents and no one detains on them parental authority. An unprecedent phenomenon in the European immigration history which whips up tensions between authorities and defence associations of children’s rights.The status of these isolated minors on the national territory remains fuzzy and their integration is like more of what is qualified as an « obstacle course » by the associations. Relatively protected by their minority, they can’t ensure positively to carry on with neither an appropriate school project, nor a reliable professional insertion if their administrative situation hasn’t been regularised before they turn age 18. By following the institutional path of about ten youths for nearly 5 years, this thesis analyses the profile of young migrants, assets and pitfalls taken care in a society in legislative, institutional and societal transition.The study reconstructs, questions and analyses path’s stakes and life construction for minors on one hand, support challenges of this population for social actors and institutionals on the other hand. In short, this thesis interrogates and analyses too Belgian practices relating to receiving and caring for these children, thus enabling a comparison with answers brought by both countries to the situation of this public
2
Gbandama, Amlan. "Les mineurs non accompagnés : au croisement entre le droit des étrangers et le dispositif français de protection de l'enfance". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Clermont Auvergne (2021-...), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UCFA0013.
Abstract (sommario):
Figure symbolique de l'adolescence migrante, la protection des mineurs non accompagnés de leurs représentants légaux est reconnue en France. Elle se traduit par une prise en charge de ces mineurs en danger par l'aide sociale à l'enfance. Partant du contenu positif de cette protection, l'étude vise à en proposer une lecture au regard des objectifs antinomiques du droit des étrangers et du dispositif de la protection de l'enfance. À l'évidence, les écarts apparaissant entre les pratiques et le droit à la protection des mineurs non accompagnés conduisent à une analyse en faveur d'une protection renforcée et permanente. Toutefois, l'étude propose une analyse nouvelle compte tenu de l'évolution des instruments juridiques nationaux qui l'encadrent et de leur limitation constante. Le postulat est non plus la seule recherche d'effectivité mais l'interrogation du sens de l'effectivité de la protection des mineurs non accompagnés. Ainsi, le droit de la protection des mineurs non accompagnés ne vise principalement qu'à légitimer la décision d'admission ou de non admission à l'Aide sociale à l'enfance. À force d'emprunt au droit des étrangers, la protection des mineurs non accompagnés s'en trouve façonnée aux contours du dispositif français de protection de l'enfanceSymbolic figure of migrant adolescence, the protection of unaccompanied minors by their legal representatives is recognized in France. It means that these minors in danger are taken into care by the child welfare system. Starting from the positive content of this protection, the study aims to propose interpretation of it in light of the conflicting objectives of immigration law and the child protection system. Clearly, the discrepancies appearing between practices and the right to protection for unaccompanied minors lead to an analysis in favor of enhanced and permanent protection. However, the study proposes a new analysis considering the evolution of the national legal instruments that frame it and their constant limitation. The premise is no longer simply to seek effectiveness, but to question the meaning of effective protection for unaccompanied minors. Thus, the system primarily aims to legitimize the decision to admit or reject them to child welfare. Through extensive borrowing from immigration law, the protection of unaccompanied minors is shaped on the contours of the French child protection system framework
3
Duvivier, Émilie. "Entre protection et surveillance : parcours et logiques de mobilité de jeunes migrants isolés". Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL12009/document.
Abstract (sommario):
Cette thèse s’est attachée à mettre en évidence l’hétérogénéité des parcours dissimulés par la catégorie du « mineur étranger isolé », mais aussi la force des relations qui entourent l’élaboration des projets et les conditions de leur réalisation dans les sociétés de réception. En considérant la dimension processuelle de la migration depuis leur départ, puis en privilégiant une approche centrée sur leurs expériences à Lille et Bruxelles, l’étude souligne que le parcours des jeunes isolés s’élabore en articulation avec leurs relations sociales et familiales, et qu’il évolue selon les contraintes et/ou les occasions (économiques, politiques, institutionnelles, familiales) rencontrées en chemin dans les pays d’immigration et/ou de transit. Leurs récits mettent également en évidence la production d’apprentissages sur les routes migratoires et les « ficelles » qui se transmettent dans les différents territoires de circulation et/ou d’installation. Compétences linguistiques, capacité d’adaptation, de recherche d’informations, établissement de réseaux, sont autant d’apprentissages qui apparaissent au fil des histoires qui nous ont été présentées – des savoirs et savoirs-faire construits de manière informelle, avant leur départ et au fil des rencontres, mais aussi en relation avec les institutions du travail social. Qu’ils soient encadrés par les institutions de manière régulière ou non, ces jeunes migrants demeurent toutefois sous l’emprise de l’Etat, contraints d’organiser leur vie autour de la recherche de papiers, la crainte des procédures juridiques et la hantise de se voir refuser l’hospitalité nécessaire pour parvenir à réaliser leurs projetsThis PHD study bring to light heterogeneity of careers concealed by the category of "unaccompanied migrant minor", but also the strength of relationships wich put around their projects, before their departure and into reception societies. This study, realized in Lille and Brussels, show that young unaccompanied minor's career grows in connection with their social and family relations. It also evolves with constraints and/or opportunities (economical, political, institutional and family opportunities) met on the way in immigration or transit countries. Their stories bring also to light learning productions over migration roads, and "tips" transmitted in different circulation and/or installation territories. Language and adaptation abilities, information searches, network creations, are so many trainings that appear in the course of stories related; knowledge build in informal way, before their departure and through chance meetings, but also in connection with social work institutions. Whether they are supervised by institution in regular way or not, these young migrants remain however under the State influence and they are forced to organize their life around papers search, and fear of deportation
4
Mousset, Stéphanie. "Adolescence et exil (s) : quand la honte " parle " au (x) lieu (x) du sujet : étude auprès de jeunes migrants pris en charge par la justice des mineurs". Bordeaux 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR21570.
Abstract (sommario):
Cette recherche porte sur la dynamique subjective de la honte et de l'exil à l'adolescence, et prend sa source dans le travail avec les jeunes pris en charge par la justice des mineurs. Très souvent héritiers d'une histoire familiale d'émigration, ces jeunes sont par ailleurs décrits dans leur vulnérabilité à trouver leur place et à surmonter de successives expériences de violence et de rupture. Nous avons voulu explorer les modalités d'une recontre subjective avec ces jeunes, à partir de leurs héritages et expériences singulières de la honte et de l'exil : la honte, en ce qu'elle interpelle le sujet devant l'Autre ; l'exil, entendu comme l'expérience subjective de la perte du lieu (au plan ontologique et dans la migration). Considérer la honte sous l'angle de l'exil ouvre sur les questions de transmission de honte dans l'exil et de désabritement psychique dans l'expérience honteuse. L'adolescence place le sujet au coeur de nombreux paradoxes, dans lesquels se joue la question d'une réécriture du désir. Cette période s'apparente à une "traversée d'exils", renvoyant le sujet à son étrangeté et à la réorganisation de ses liens aux autres dans ses lieux. Nos études de cas confirment que le rapport du sujet à ses hontes peut dire quelque chose de sa façon de s'incrire dans ses lieux et d'y trouver la contenance balisant son cheminement identitaire. C'est en ce sens que nous avons formulé le titre de cet ouvrage : la honte parle des lieux du sujet, parfois aussi au lieu du sujet quand il ne peut s'en dégager ou que l'agir prend le dessus. Quand le sujet parle de ses hontes, il peut alors adresser une parole aux figures de l'Autre de ses lieuxThis research deals with subjective dynamic of shame and exile during adolescence. It comes out from work with teenagers, whom judicial services take into care. The family story of these young people is often marked by emigration, violence and successive experiences of split, which leads up to describe them by their vulnerability to find their place. We also would like to explore the way of meeting these subjects from their own heritage and experiences of shame and exile : by shame, we mean the experience of losing one's own place (ontologically speaking and in migration). Considering shame from exile leads up to questions such as transmission of shame in exile experiences, and loss of psychical shelter through experiences of shame. Adolescence confronts the subject with many paradoxes, the matter of wich is "rewriting" of desire. Adolescence could also be compared to a "crossing of exiles", facing the subject with his own strangeness and with the rearrangement of his links to the others in his places. The case studies made in this research support that the way of keeping with shame brings out subject's investment in his places and how he is able to find in these some holding for his identity progression. We entitled this research "when shame talks about subject's places" although it sometimes could happen that shame talks instead of the subject, when this one can't distance himself from shame and goes into action. When the subject can speak about his experiences of shame, he is also addressing a speech act to the others of his places
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Robin, Nelly. "Migrations, observatoire et droit. Complexité du système migratoire ouest-africain. Migrants et normes juridiques". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Poitiers, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01071279.
Abstract (sommario):
Le volume scientifique d'habilitation à diriger des recherches présenté par Nelly Robin vise à offrir une synthèse de ses travaux et des positionnements qui les ont orientés depuis son recrutement à l'ORSTOM en 1992. Migrations, observatoire et droit, tel est le titre général proposé pour cet essai. À partir d'analyses inédites, l'auteur réinterroge les différents moments de son parcours scientifique, centré sur l'Afrique de l'Ouest et marqué par un glissement inattendu, de la géographie, et plus largement des sciences sociales, vers l'univers judiciaire. Une synthèse régionale des migrations internationales en Afrique de l'Ouest sur cinquante ans, de 1960 à 2010, introduit l'analyse ; elle est portée par trois ambitions : celle d'une approche historique des mouvements migratoires afin d'apprécier le rôle des logiques "traditionnelles" sur l'ordre régional actuel, d'une réflexion en terme de systèmes sur l'organisation des échanges migratoires, leurs nouvelles configurations et leur ouverture extrarégionale et, enfin, d'une interrogation sur l'intégration régionale qui dévoile toute la complexité du jeu de recompositions spatiales des migrations internationales. Nelly Robin aborde ensuite l'Observatoire des migrations internationales au Sénégal, la manière dont il a été fabriqué et la qualité des données produites. La réflexion est axée tout à la fois sur la question de la production de statistiques publiques par l'administration et sur l'usage et l'analyse critique que peut en faire la recherche. Il s'agit de convoquer la statistique administrative du sud pour comprendre le processus d'externalisation du contrôle des frontières de l'UE et ses incidences sur la gestion concertée des flux par les États membres de la CEDEAO comme sur l'organisation des réseaux de traite des êtres humains et de trafic illicite de migrants. L'analyse est enrichie par une réflexion sur les parcours migratoires des mineurs, du Sahel aux rives sud de la Méditerranée. Il s'agit de rendre compte des évolutions des savoir-migrer et des routes empruntées, de reconstituer et d'étudier les systèmes d'alliances entre les acteurs (États, migrants, groupes criminels) et les relations de pouvoirs qui les lient ou les opposent sur les territoires parcourus. Travailler sur la parole du migrant à partir des récits de vie permet aussi de décrire les tensions entre les normes sociales (individuelles ou collectives) et les normes juridiques établies par les États. C'est en analysant dans l'acte individuel du migrant la part de ce qui relève d'une ressource ou d'une contrainte juridique que l'auteur entend révéler ce qui dans cet acte est conditionné par les politiques de contrôle des migrations. Le volume s'achève sur une réflexion d'ouverture beaucoup plus que de conclusion dans laquelle on dépasse un certain nombre de catégories d'analyse habituelles en géographie pour s'interroger sur la place des sciences juridiques dans l'étude des migrations internationales. Si les itérations entre le statisticien et le thématicien sont communes en recherche, celles entre le magistrat, le praticien du droit, et le géographe sont plus rares ; elles ont été remarquables dans le cadre de l'Observatoire des migrations internationales au Sénégal et trouvent leur accomplissement dans cette proposition de dialogue avec le droit.
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Paté, Noémie. "L'accès - ou le non-accès - à la protection des mineur.e.s isolé.e.s en situation de migration : l'évaluation de la minorité et de l'isolement ou la mise à l'épreuve de la crédibilité narrative, comportementale et physique des mineur.e.s isolé.e.s". Thesis, Paris 10, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA100154.
Abstract (sommario):
Cette thèse cherche à comprendre comment les mineur.e.s isolé.e.s en situation de migration, arrivé.e.s sans représentant légal sur le territoire français, peuvent bénéficier de la protection de l’enfance. Arrivé.e.s sur la scène de l’évaluation de la minorité et de l’isolement, ces jeunes migrant.e.s sont soumis.e.s à une épreuve de crédibilité narrative, comportementale et physique : ils ou elles doivent dévoiler leurs récits, leurs corps et leurs expressions non verbales en restant à tout prix un « enfant » aux yeux de ceux qui les jugent. Plusieurs questions sont alors posées : comment se construit le jugement de l’âge ? comment se forment les décisions de classement entre les « vrais » et les « faux » mineurs ? comment les acteurs de la protection de l’enfance sont-ils amenés à mobiliser des arguments, critères et justifications qui mènent à des pratiques de « gestion migratoire » ? Pour étudier les pratiques du jugement dans ce contexte d’incertitude qu’est l’évaluation de la minorité et de l’isolement, je propose donc une analyse de la sphère interne institutionnelle. A partir d’une enquête de terrain réalisée entre octobre 2014 et novembre 2016, d’abord dans un lieu d’évaluation de la minorité et de l’isolement géré par l’association France terre d’asile en région parisienne, puis auprès des différents acteurs de la « distribution » de la protection dans différents départements parisiens, et enfin autour de deux campements urbains auto-gérés par des migrant.e.s, cette thèse interroge, en étudiant le « quotidien » de l’institution, la façon dont les mineur.e.s isolé.e.s sont jugé.e.s, étiqueté.e.s et sélectionné.e.s avant d’avoir accès – ou non – à la protection de l’enfanceThis research seeks to understand how unaccompanied migrant children, that have arrived on French territory without a legal guardian can access child protective services. Arrived on the stage of the assessment of age and isolation, these young migrants’ narrative, behavioral and physical credibility is tested. Through their narratives, physical and non-verbal expressions, these children must demonstrate to those who judge them that they are a “child”, at all costs. Consequently, several questions can be asked: How can age be judged? How are the decisions of classification between the "true" and "fake" minors taken? How are child protection actors brought to mobilize arguments, criteria and justifications which lead to practices of "migratory management "? To study the practices of judgment in this context of uncertainty, meaning the assessment of age and isolation, this dissertation offers an analysis of the internal workings of institutions. The field investigation was carried out between October 2014 and November 2016, firstly in a centre of evaluation of age and isolation managed by the association France terre d’asile in Paris region, then with the various actors in charge of “distributing" the protection in various Parisian departments, and finally in two urban camps that are self-managed by migrants. Based on this investigation and through the study of everyday life of the institution, this dissertation questions the way unaccompanied children are judged, labelled and selected before having access - or not - to child protection
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Gonçalves, Maria Creuza. "Os migrantes mineiros vendedores de mandioca nas ruas de São Paulo". Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8136/tde-03082011-090300/.
Abstract (sommario):
Esta pesquisa tem como objeto de estudo o migrante mineiro vendedor de mandioca em carrinho-de-mão porta a porta nas ruas da metrópole paulista. O objetivo do trabalho foi desvendar o conteúdo da forma da inserção desse trabalhador migrante mineiro na metrópole paulista. A investigação foi se delineando em torno dos migrantes mineiros que apresentam uma especificidade na forma de organização da venda de mandioca porta a porta que despertou nosso interesse.Os vendedores de mandioca se organizam por alojamento de parentes como forma de arregimentar turma para venda de mandioca porta a porta. Baseado no estudo empírico, de tipo qualitativo conduzimos a pesquisa, em três alojamentos na metrópole paulista. A forma de inserção desses migrantes na metrópole está balizada nas mudanças nas condições gerais do mercado de trabalho e na forma de procurar trabalho na metrópole paulista a partir dos anos de 1990. Neste período se acentua o encolhimento do número de postos de trabalho, a deterioração nas condições gerais do mercado de trabalho, a ampliação do trabalho precário, informal. Desaparecem as filas nas portas das fábricas e aumentam os postos de serviço de intermediação de mão-de-obra para recolocar trabalhadores no mercado de trabalho. No caso dos vendedores de mandioca as redes sociais se conformam como redes de parentesco que se articulam na metrópole e constituem o mercado de intermediação de mão-de-obra caipira para trabalhar na Metrópole paulista. Estes vendedores de mandioca subvertem a ordem e inserem qualificações caipiras na ordem do trabalho metropolitano.This study has as object the migrant from Minas Gerais that works as door-to-door seller of cassava in cart-hand in the streets of the metropolis of São Paulo and aims to unveil how the migrant worker is integrated in this city. The analysis prioritizes the migrant who presents a specific form of organization in the door-to-door sale of cassava. The sellers of cassava are organized by relative lodging as a way to form a team for door-to-door cassava sale. The research was based on a qualitative empirical study conducted in three lodging in the metropolis. The economic integration of these migrants in the metropolis has occurred from the 1990s, during a period of changes in the general labor market conditions in the metropolis of São Paulo. This period is marked by the shrinking number of jobs, the deterioration in general labor market conditions, the expansion of informal and precarious work. The queues on the doors of the factories disappear and the brokering service to repositioning the workers into the labor market increases. In the case of cassava sellers the social networks conform as kinship networks that fit in the metropolis and constitute an intermediation market of rural migrant manpower to work in São Paulos Metropolis. These cassava sellers subvert the order and enter rural qualifications in the order of the metropolitan labor.
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Maro, Mkasafari Grace. "Economic impact of international labour migration on Lesotho's development, 1986-1998: towards an international labour migration policy for the Southern African region". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007496.
Abstract (sommario):
The aim of the thesis is to identify the pressures that contributed to the rise in international labour migration in Lesotho, and to investigate how these pressures are impacting upon the modernization process in the country, particularly at a time when employment opportunities are scarce in the southern African region. International labour migration has been used as a development tool throughout history, but especially in the 20th century by developing countries with dual labour markets. Newly independent developing countries with dual labour markets adapted the strategy of import substitution industrialization (lSI), with an emphasis on protecting infant industries and promoting pro-labour policies. In the post-colonial period the international demand for lowskilled workers rose, particularly in the North (developed countries), and in mineral rich countries including the oil exporters and South Africa, and the newly industrialising countries in East Asia. International labour migration to these countries was adapted as an integral development tool by the governments of the lSI countries. Most migrants were low-skilled and temporary workers in the destination countries. Although no multilateral institutional framework existed, usually both the sending and receiving countries adapted unilateral and bilateral migration policies to guarantee the gains from migration. Workers were thus "protected" to varying degrees under such agreements. From the 1970s, the North experienced a slowdown in the growth in demand for unskilled workers. In the 1980s, many lSI countries experienced devastating economic crises that forced them to abandon the lSI policy and adapt the export-led industrialisation (EOI) policy with an emphasis on trade liberalization. The switch from lSI to EOI in developing countries with dual labour markets led to the downsizing of public sector employment, the removal of marketing boards formally used by small-scale agricultural farmers, and the expansion of export processing zones (EPZs). These outcomes resulted in a rise in push internal migration, and international migration from these countries especially to other developing countries. At the same time, since the late 1980s, capital has acquired greatly enhanced mobility at the global level. The adaptation of EOI and the full mobility of capital at the global level altered the institutional structure within which labour migration was governed both nationally, and internationally. At the national level stricter unilateral policies were reinforced by receiving countries for low-skilled labour, while less strict policies applied for skilled labour. These remain in operation in conjunction with the earlier bilateral agreements. At the international level, there remains a lack of policy to regulate international labour migration. Under the current enhanced mobility of capital, international migrants are thus left vulnerable. Lesotho fits this pattern. Faced with a dual economy and an abundance of semi-skilled labour, Lesotho has been a principal supplier of labour to the South Africa's mining industry since its independence. Lesotho's industrial diversification thus mirrors South Africa's industrial diversification. In the lSI phase (1968 - 1987), international labour migration became the most important tool of economic welfare generation in Lesotho. Bilateral agreements were signed in the early 1970s between Lesotho and South Africa to guarantee the gains from migration. Since the late I980s, the mining industry in South Africa began to downsize production and employment. Fewer novice miners from Lesotho were recruited to work in South Africa. The adaptation of the EOI policy in Lesotho in 1987 introduced EPZ industrialization and trade liberalization. Nevertheless, the retrenchment of mine workers from South Africa is occurring at a time when Lesotho is experiencing an employment crisis. The political independence of South Africa in 1994 was accompanied by stricter international migration policies by the new democratic government of South Africa. Most migrant workers in South Africa are thus now faced with a two-door policy (of the earlier bilateral agreements and the amendments to the Aliens Control Act). This system has left migrant workers vulnerable to exploitation by both employers and the law (police) in South Africa. Nevertheless, international migration from Lesotho to South Africa continues to expand, particularly of the new type of migration - semiskilled female workers in the services sector. At the same time, South Africa is also experiencing an employment crisis. The most important policy implications are, firstly, that migration is subject to the same "casualisation" as other work, with the effects made worse by the "statelessness" of migrants, who are most vulnerable to exploitation. Secondly, multilateralism is needed (e.g., SADC) and holistic, multilateral policies are required. It is clear that under the new global division of labour ad hoc policy towards international labour migration is ineffective.
9
Maloka, Edward Tshidiso. "Basotho and the mines : towards a history of labour migrancy, c.1890-1940". Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/22471.
Abstract (sommario):
Bibliography: pages 368-396.This thesis examines how Lesotho came to depend on the export of its men to South African mines; what the experiences of these men were; and how all this impacted on Basotho society during the years between c.1890 and 1940. The thesis is divided into three parts. Part I focuses on the context and dynamics of labour migration and recruitment in Lesotho during the late 1880s to the late 1930s. This Part lays the basis for subsequent sections by showing which sections of Basotho opted for labour migrancy; and why it was men and not women who, initially at least, became migrants. In discussing the decline of the Basotho economy in the 1920s and 1930s, this section also shows how this was characterised not only by dependence on migrants' earnings, but also by the orientation to and concentration of Basotho labour on the Witwatersrand gold mines. Part II discusses various themes relating to life and conditions on the mines and in the compounds during the period up to c.1940. While specific note is taken of the African miners' death and accident rate, most attention is devoted to the various ways which Basotho miners developed for dealing with the sickness, death and destitution befalling their compatriots in the compounds and on the mines. Conversion to Christianity was an important part of some miners experience, as church forums and the bible could be used for recreational purposes, while literacy classes imparted many with essential skills which could lead to promotion on the mine. But competition for promotion and favours, as well as conflicting survival strategies, often resulted in violent conflict among African miners. Although some scholars have mistakenly attributed such conflict to ethnic factors alone, this thesis argues for an approach which is simultaneously historically and materially grounded. Part III, by using the case of infectious and occupational diseases, and prostitution and commercial beer-brewing, traces and analyses the impact of the migrant labour system on Lesotho. The thesis shows how the spread to Lesotho of such diseases as syphilis and tuberculosis was directly linked to contact with South African towns and mining centres through wage labour. Beer canteens and brothels emerged and flourished in colonial Lesotho not only because of the decline of the country's economy and the breakdown of Basotho social structures, but also because these establishments serviced the migrant labour traffic itself. The significance of this study lies in two areas. Historiographically, this study seeks to contribute to migrant labour studies in Lesotho in particular and Southern Africa in general. Its approach stands between economism which attributes the causes of labour migrancy solely to economic factors, and those paradigms which privilege ideas and culture over material factors. There is a dialectical interplay between material factors and ideas, although the former ultimately determines the latter. Secondly, the significance of this study lies in the fact that many of the issues raised, especially those in Part III, continue to pose serious problems for Basotho people and their government to this day. Knowing something about the origins and history of these problems may contribute to finding lasting solutions. This study, therefore, is about Lesotho, Basotho, and the mines.
10
Morojele, Relebohile Nthati. "Determining the attitudes/perceptions of retrenched Lesotho migrant labourers from the RSA mining industries regarding education using their career life histories". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49907.
Abstract (sommario):
Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2004.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The level of unemployment in Lesotho has reached an alarming rate and this situation is compounded by massive mine retrenchments (Central Bank of Lesotho, 2001: 22). Given this background, it is imperative to gain a deeper understanding of the career life histories of retrenched Basotho migrant labourers in order to explain their perceptions/attitudes regarding education. In-depth individual interviews with 26 retrenched mineworkers were conducted for collecting data and a grounded theory approach was followed in analysing the data. The life histories of the men were critically investigated, from the time before they were employed in the mines, to the stage when they were working in the mining industries. The enquiry continued to a stage when they were retrenched from the mines. Their lives after retrenchment were looked at to establish whether they had acquired skills whilst they were employed in the mines. The objective was to determine whether the skills acquired were useful to them after retrenchment and if they could secure them employment in other sectors of the economy besides the mines. The study revealed that most of the migrant labourers had not acquired other skills besides those that were offered in the mines. As a result, all of the men were unemployed becausethey lacked skills that were relevant to the economy of Lesotho. Retrenched migrant labourers reported that education was important, especially for their children. For them, they indicated that they could pursue education if they would be employed in the mines again of it is offered where they would be employed, on the job training. The question is whether these men will secure employment in other sectors in Lesotho given that they lack relevant skills. It is advisable, therefore, for the government of Lesotho to facilitate career guidance in the country to encourage these men to acquire marketable skills and to promote employment creation.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die werkloosheidsyfer in Lesotho het 'n ontstellende vlak bereik en hierdie situasie word vererger deur massiewe afdankings by die myne (Central Bank of Lesotho, 2001: 22). Dit is dus noodsaaklik, gegee hierdie agtergrond dat 'n beter begrip van die beroepsgeskiedenisse van afgedankte Basotho trekarbeiders omskryf word om hulle persepsies/houdings jeens opvoeding vas te stel. Daar is individuele in-diepte onderhoude gevoer met 26 afgedankte mynwerkers om data in te samel en 'n gegronde teorie aanslag is gevolg in die analise van die data. Die lewensgeskiedenisse van die mans is krities ondersoek, vanaf die tydperk wat hulle in diens geneem is in die myne tot hulle indiensneming in die mynindustrieë. Die ondersoek sluit ook die afdankings periode in. Hulle lewens na afdanking is ook ondersoek om vas te stelof hulle vaardighede tydens hulle diens in die myne aangeleer het. Die doelstelling hiermee was om vas te stelof die aangeleerde vaardighede indiensname in ander sektore kon verseker na hulle afgedank is. Die studie toon dat die meeste trekarbeiders nie enige ander vaardighede aangeleer het as wat hulle in die myne gebruik het nie. Dit het daartoe gelei dat hulle nie geskik is vir werk in ander sektore aangesien hulle nie oor relevante vaardighede beskik nie. Afgedankte trekarbeiders het aangedui dat opvoeding belangrik is, veral vir hulle kinders. Hulle het wel aangedui dat hulle verdere opleiding sou wou ontvang indien hulle weer in diens geneem word of as deel van in-diens opleiding. Die kwessie is egter of hierdie mans in ander sektore in diens geneem sal word aangesien hulle nie oor die nodige vaardighede beskik nie. Dit word dus aanbeveel dat die Lesotho regering beroepsleiding te fasiliteer om hierdie mans aan te moedig om bemarkbare vaardighede te kry as ook om werkverskaffing aan te moedig.
Libri sul tema "Mineurs migrants":
1
Peraldi, Michel. Les mineurs migrants non accompagnés: Un défi pour les pays européens. Paris: Éditions Karthala, 2013.
2
Wagner, Thomas E. African American miners and migrants: The Eastern Kentucky Social Club. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2004.
3
Foulo, T. Emerging trends in the migration of Basotho miners. [Maseru, Lesotho]: Central Bank of Lesotho, 1996.
4
Majelantle, R. Prospects for absorbing migrant miners into the Botswana economy. Geneva: International Labour Office, 1988.
5
Abad, Rocío García. La migración en la cuenca minera de Vizcaya. Gallarta, Bizkaia: Museo de la Minería del País Vasco, 2010.
6
Lucena, Célia Toledo. Artes de lembrar e de inventar: (re) lembranças de migrantes. São Paulo: Arte & Ciência, 1999.
7
Crush, J. S. South Africa's labor empire: A history of Black migrancy to the gold mines. Boulder: Westview Press, 1991.
8
Matthews, William S. B. The life and times of a migrant. Burleigh, Qld: Zeus Publications, 2009.
9
Foulo, T. Survey of Basotho migrant mineworkers, April 1992-March 1993. [Maseru]: The Bank in collaboration with the Bureau, 1995.
10
Garcia, Ronaldo Aurélio Gimenes. Migrantes mineiros em Franca: Memória e trabalho na cidade industrial, 1960-1980. Franca, SP: UNESP, Câmpus de Franca, 1997.
Capitoli di libri sul tema "Mineurs migrants":
1
McCulloch, Jock, e Pavla Miller. "Tuberculosis and Migrant Labour in the High Commission Territories: Basutoland and Swaziland: 1912–2005". In Mining Gold and Manufacturing Ignorance, 231–57. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8327-6_9.
Abstract (sommario):
AbstractBasutoland came under British rule in the late nineteenth century. By the 1930s, the Territory’s transformation into a labour reserve for South Africa’s mines decimated its food production, impoverished its population and brought about a TB epidemic. The mines paid uneconomic wages and refused to pay compensation for occupational injury. In addition to those repatriated with tuberculosis or silicosis, the mines produced such a steady stream of sick and injured workers that mine accidents constituted the largest single cause of disability amongst men of working age.Swaziland was the smallest of the three protectorates. Land alienation to white settlers under British concessions meant that by the early 1930s, the territory produced only a fifth of its food needs. As in the other HCTs, tax collection and occupational lung disease posed serious problems. However, commercial agriculture and large deposits of asbestos generated local employment and foreign exchange and made Swaziland less dependent on migrant wages.In each of the HCTs, migrant workers faced even greater barriers in accessing compensation for occupational injury than black South Africans did. No circulars or instructions on the subject had been issued, miners were unaware of their rights, local officials did not understand the application process and travel to Johannesburg for medical examinations was not feasible for men who were dying. In all, the lack of medical capacity, the ongoing refusal to pay pensions to injured miners and the systematic failure to collect health statistics made the extent of the risk invisible. While the situation improved somewhat after independence, the mining industry continued to displace the burden of disability onto households and local communities.
2
McCulloch, Jock, e Pavla Miller. "Conclusion: Records, Bodies and Contested Justice". In Mining Gold and Manufacturing Ignorance, 403–28. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8327-6_15.
Abstract (sommario):
AbstractThe conclusion draws together the main themes of the book and brings the story of the miners’ class action up to date.For most of the twentieth century, gold mining dominated South Africa’s economy. Through their extensive use of migrant labour, the industry helped shape the economies—and populations—of the southern half of the continent. The mines led the world in the use of science, provisions for compensating occupational injury and state oversight of the industry. Yet their reputation for excellence was undeserved. Rather, the collusion between the state and the industry in suppressing the knowledge of risk, the publication of misleading data and the use of publicity is best characterised as the manufacture of ignorance. In particular, the systematic failure to collect health statistics and employment records impeded the accumulation of comparable data, prevented the consolidation of epidemiological evidence and so played a significant part in hiding an epidemic of occupational lung disease.In the first half of the twentieth century, the South African gold mining industry helped shape and consolidate apartheid. The gradual dismantling of this system in the 1990s presented both the industry and social justice advocates with far-reaching challenges. The recent settlement of the miners’ class action and establishment of the Tshiamiso Trust coincided with sharp decline of the gold mining industry and struggling ODMWA compensation system. Lack of administrative capacity, patchy employment records, difficulties in diagnosing silicosis and TB and shortages of medical staff have been exacerbated by the COVID pandemic. These and other issues have become the focus of a Justice for Miners campaign. The chapter concludes by noting that those who support miners injured in South Africa’s process of wealth accumulation—propose solutions to practical problems, conduct research into occupational diseases and mobilise local communities—make a double contribution to social justice. They assist miners and their families receive compensation, and help heal longstanding injuries to the region’s civil society.
3
McCulloch, Jock, e Pavla Miller. "The Career of A. J. Orenstein: 1914–1960". In Mining Gold and Manufacturing Ignorance, 321–41. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8327-6_12.
Abstract (sommario):
AbstractThe career of Alexander J. Orenstein, widely regarded as the founder of South Africa’s occupational medicine, exemplifies the complex relationship between the gold industry and scientific research. As Superintendent of Sanitation for Rand Mines Ltd, Orenstein dominated mine medicine in the period from 1914 until the mid-1960s. According to the conventional wisdom, he saved the lives of thousands of black migrant workers by improving hygiene, nutrition, accommodation, medical care and access to compensation. This chapter supplements the conventional account by a darker story. During his long career, Orenstein worked tirelessly to erase from public debate the knowledge accumulated by South African scientists in the period before his appointment in 1914. In dealing with questions about the origins and management of tuberculosis, Orenstein racialised the science to a far greater degree than did any of his contemporaries. He did so by using notions of racial weakness to override the play of well-established environmental factors such as dust exposure, malnutrition and unhygienic compounds to explain the incidence of tuberculosis among migrant miners. While often challenged, Orenstein’s preferred approach to repatriations, the health education of black workers and their families and the provision of sanatoria in labour-sending regions remained largely unchanged until after the Leon Commission in 1994.
4
McCulloch, Jock, e Pavla Miller. "Introduction". In Mining Gold and Manufacturing Ignorance, 1–25. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8327-6_1.
Abstract (sommario):
AbstractThis chapter draws parallels between the Marikana confrontation between police and striking platinum miners in 2012 and the longer history of mining in South Africa. Then as now, mining has been dangerous work performed mostly by migrant workers under the eye of brutal management and a violent state. For most of the twentieth century, South Africa’s gold mines were the most profitable sector of the national economy yet faced formidable challenges in containing costs, dealing with health crises and recruiting sufficient number of workers. It was in the context of the ongoing threat to their viability that the mining houses entered debates about the character and incidence of occupational lung disease, set up clinics and hospitals, employed medical staff, collected (or avoided collecting) statistics, negotiated with public officials, funded research, contracted with insurance companies, influenced the flow of information and helped shape the public perception of risk. The chapter places this dynamic in the context of current scholarly debates about the development of scientific knowledge. It then links post-apartheid political changes with the settlement, in 2019, of a massive class action by former gold miners for occupational injury. The chapter concludes by outlining the concept of manufactured ignorance. Precisely how such ignorance was made, contested and dismantled has informed the research and writing of this book.
5
Josiah, Barbara P. "African Diaspora Migrant Miners and Guyana’s El Dorado". In Migration, Mining, and the African Diaspora, 9–22. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230338012_2.
6
McCulloch, Jock, e Pavla Miller. "Lifting the Ban on the Recruitment of Tropical Labour: 1933–1945". In Mining Gold and Manufacturing Ignorance, 111–40. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8327-6_5.
Abstract (sommario):
AbstractThe ban on the recruitment of Tropical labour, imposed in 1913, was arguably the single most important state intervention in the mines’ history. It was the only intervention aimed specifically at protecting migrant labour—and it was strongly opposed by the industry. To have the ban lifted, the Chamber commissioned the international experts Almroth Wright, William Gorgas and Lyle Cummins to find a solution to deaths on the mines. Wright failed to develop an effective vaccine, and the expert recommendations of Gorgas and Cummins were largely ignored. Improved conditions on the mines did lead to a reduction of deaths from infectious pneumonia. What proved most effective in lifting the ban, however, was relentless lobbying, led by the company actuary William Gemmill and the Chief Medical Officer of Rand Mines, Dr A.J. Orenstein. Despite persistent evidence to the contrary, by 1938 the Chamber of Mines succeeded in persuading the South African government, the Colonial Office and the ILO that conditions on the mines were safe and that oscillating migration was beneficial to labour.
7
McCulloch, Jock, e Pavla Miller. "Tuberculosis and Migrant Labour in the High Commission Territories: Bechuanaland: 1885–1998". In Mining Gold and Manufacturing Ignorance, 197–229. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8327-6_8.
Abstract (sommario):
AbstractBritain acquired the High Commission Territories (HCTs) of Bechuanaland, Basutoland and Swaziland largely as a result of conflict with the Boer Republics around the turn of the twentieth century. The Territories were poor, had dispersed rural populations and few natural resources. Britain administered the HCTs on the principle that expenditure should not exceed the revenue obtained through taxation and made little investment in basic services and infrastructure. Generating sufficient revenue was a constant problem. The HCTs were starved of funds for essential services, and they soon became dependent upon the revenue from contracting labour to the gold mines. Selling migrant labour, however, came at a cost. From as early as 1912, the annual medical reports from the three Territories suggested that the mines were spreading tuberculosis into vulnerable populations. Medical repatriations were one of the obvious costs of a system in which a physical elite travelled south and, having served their contracts, returned home seriously ill. This chapter examines the interplay between colonial taxation, oscillating migration to the gold mines, the poverty of local communities and the emergent TB epidemic in Bechuanaland. The imposition and subsequent lifting of the ban on the recruitment of tropical labour and continuing tensions over recruiting at local and governmental levels are then linked to the developments of the medical system and compensation regimes.
8
McCulloch, Jock, e Pavla Miller. "A Most Modern Industry: The Migrant Labour System and Crisis Management". In Mining Gold and Manufacturing Ignorance, 29–54. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8327-6_2.
Abstract (sommario):
AbstractThis chapter outlines the basic features of gold mining in South Africa. The structure, administration and economic significance of the mines, the key technical challenges posed by deep deposits and low-grade ore, the size and composition of the workforce, the chronic shortages of labour and oscillating migration are covered. Since mining was dangerous work, the chapter also deals with the companies’ management of risk, and in particular with their approach to occupational health and compensation for injury.
9
Nako, Esther, Lochner Marais e Michelle Engelbrecht. "Management and Prevention of HIV Infection in Migrant Miners in Lesotho and South Africa: A Capabilities Approach". In Global Perspectives on Health Geography, 171–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-41268-4_8.
10
Spurlin, William J. "Reclaiming Insurgent Sexualities: Migrant Labor and Same-Sex Marriages on the South African Gold Mines". In Imperialism within the Margins, 33–55. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403983664_3.
Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Mineurs migrants":
1
Ndhlovu, Lewis, Catherine Searle e Johannes van Dam. Strengthening STI treatment and HIV/AIDS prevention services in Carletonville, South Africa. Population Council, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/hiv15.1001.
Abstract (sommario):
Although knowledge about HIV/AIDS is widespread in South Africa, adult HIV prevalence is high, indicating high levels of risky sexual behavior. Understanding the gap between knowledge and behavior requires an examination of the social context in which the epidemic occurs. The Horizons Program conducted an intervention study in the Carletonville area to study the social determinants of the HIV epidemic and to assess the impact of a targeted program of HIV and STI prevention and service delivery. In 1998, the Mothusimpilo (“Working together for health”) Intervention Project (MIP) was launched to reduce community prevalence of HIV and other STIs and to sustain those reductions through enhanced prevention and STI treatment services. Carletonville includes many migrant mine workers and is characterized by significant poverty and unemployment, the presence of sex work, and high rates of STIs. MIP targets population groups where high-risk sexual behavior is thought to be common. This brief focuses on sex workers because of their vulnerability to STIs and HIV infection and their link to miners and men in the broader community.