Articoli di riviste: "« Military Enlightenment »"

1

Liu, Yue, Longfei Xiong e Yunzheng Liu. "On “Officer Professional Military Education Policy” and its enlightenment". SHS Web of Conferences 179 (2023): 02009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202317902009.

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"Officer Professional Military Education Policy" is an important guide for M army. This paper aims to deeply explore the core content of its military education and its development trend, and draw useful experience from it, so as to promote the innovation of military education and provide reference for training new military talents with international competitiveness.

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Edney, M. H. "British military education, mapmaking, and military 'map-mindedness' in the later Enlightenment". Cartographic Journal 31, n. 1 (giugno 1994): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/caj.1994.31.1.14.

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Zhang, Yongwei, e Mingjiang Gao. "The status, Characteristics and Enlightenment of US Military Food Procurement Support". Academic Journal of Management and Social Sciences 2, n. 1 (28 marzo 2023): 152–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ajmss.v2i1.6599.

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This paper systematically expounds the evolution of the US military food procurement support the current organizational system and its operational processes, analyzes its characteristics, and proposes Strengthening the centralized procurement support for military food, Deep integration of military and civilians to promote military food support , Standardizing the operational process of centralized procurement of military food , Accelerating the information construction of military food procurement support four inspirations based on China's national conditions. Over the years, the US military has accumulated a large amount of practical data and experience in logistics support through various military operations, and constantly summarizes and reflects on its logistics support operations in order to continuously optimize its global logistics support system. This paper takes the food purchase guarantee of the American army as the research object, expounds its development history, current organization system and operation process, analyzes its characteristics, and puts forward several enlightenments combined with the current situation of the food purchase guarantee of the American army.

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YAYCIOGLU, ALI. "Guarding Traditions and Laws—Disciplining Bodies and Souls: Tradition, science, and religion in the age of Ottoman reform". Modern Asian Studies 52, n. 5 (settembre 2018): 1542–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x1700018x.

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AbstractThis article examines the religious and intellectual dynamics behind the Ottoman military reform movement, known as the New Order, in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Conventionally, the New Order has been examined within the framework of the Westernization of Ottoman military and administrative institutions. The Janissary-led popular opposition to the New Order, on the other hand, has been understood as a conservative resistance, fashioned by Muslim anti-Westernization. This article challenges this assumption, based on a binary between Westernization reforms versus Islamic conservatism. It argues that the Janissary-led popular opposition, which was consolidated long before the New Order, developed as a form of resistance by antinomian elements blocking the top-down disciplinary policies of the central state throughout the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. The New Order programme, which was unleashed in 1792, was also opposed by the Janissary-led coalition, on the basis that it would wipe out vested privileges and traditions. Supporting the New Order, we see a coalition and different intellectual trends, including: (i) theEuro-Ottoman military enlightenment, led by military engineers and scientists, which developed an agenda to reorganize and discipline the social-military order with universal principles of military engineering and (ii)Islamic puritan activism, which developed an agenda to rejuvenate the Muslim order by eliminating invented traditions, and to discipline Muslim souls with the universal principles of revelation and reason. While the Euro-Ottoman military enlightenment participated in military reform movements in Europe, Islamic activism was part of a trans-Islamic Naqshibandi-Mujaddidi network originating in India. We thus witness a discursive alliance between military enlightenment and Muslim activism, both of which had trans-Ottoman connections, against a Janissary-led popular movement, which mobilized resistance to protect local conventions and traditions.

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Rothenberg, Gunther E., e Azar Gat. "The Origins of Military Thought: From the Enlightenment to Clausewitz." American Historical Review 96, n. 3 (giugno 1991): 834. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2162449.

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Robertson, John. "ENLIGHTENMENT AND REVOLUTION: NAPLES 1799". Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 10 (dicembre 2000): 17–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0080440100000025.

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AbstractTWO hundred years ago today, on 22 January 1799, French troops forced their way into the city of Naples. In doing so, they confirmed the authority of the Neapolitan Republic which had been proclaimed, one and indivisible, the day before by a group of patriots who had taken control of the Castel Sant'Elmo, the fortress on the hill immediately above the centre of the city. Thus began the last of the revolutions which can be regarded as the offspring of the great French Revolution of 1789. There is no denying that the Neapolitan Revolution, like its predecessors in northern Italy and elsewhere, depended on French military intervention. The patriots were not in control of the city before 22 January, and needed the French to quell the popular violence and disorder which had swept the city for the previous week. And when, after three months, the French withdrew their forces, the republicans' hold on the city was too precarious to last more than a few weeks.

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SARASOLA, IGNACIO FERNÁNDEZ. "Centenary Paper: The First Spanish Constitution Draft: The ‘Constitutional Laws’ of Manuel de Aguirre (1786)". Bulletin of Hispanic Studies 101, n. 3 (marzo 2024): 231–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/bhs.2024.18.

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In 1786 the Basque thinker and military man Manuel de Aguirre entered a competition for ideas on how to improve national legislation in order to achieve public happiness. His proposal consisted in drawing up the draft of the first Spanish constitution. It was a very basic project, but it showed how part of the Spanish Enlightenment was interested in reforming the Enlightenment despotism of Charles III and replacing it with a representative government, in which the king still had important powers, though these were limited by bodies of a representative nature.

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Verminenko, Yulia V., e Sergey E. Zverev. "Problems of Formation of Russian Public Consciousness in the Age of Enlightenment". Alma mater. Vestnik Vysshey Shkoly, n. 12 (dicembre 2022): 106–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.20339/am.12-22.106.

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The article analyzes the results of Russia’s development during Catherine’s reign, when, due to objective and subjective factors, a vector of militarization of the consciousness of the elites and the whole society to the detriment of the country’s education and cultural development was outlined for the authorities. It is noted that during the reign of the House of Romanov and under Soviet rule, in terms of the social and state structure, Russia was a military empire, doomed to develop extensively, through military victories and conquests. Unilateral concentration on the heroic values of public consciousness causes the depletion of the productive forces of the state-forming people, leads to stagnation and decline. Only education can be a condition and guarantee for the reform of the military empire into a developed civil society based on the ideals of the right of the individual, free from bias, dogmatism and obscurantism, and the triumph of the law.

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Xenofontov, Ion. "Military structures in interwar Chisinau". Studia Universitatis Moldaviae. Seria Ştiinţe Umanistice, n. 10(180) (aprile 2024): 21–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.59295/sum10(180)2023_03.

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On the basis of unpublished historical sources, press, iconographic sources, specialized literature, a complex panorama of the situation of the military structures in the capital of Bessarabia, the second largest city in Romania by population, is presented. In the context of the activation of the illegal Bolshevik forces in the region, the activation of the state of siege in Bessarabia, the Romanian Army’s deployment in Chisinau was necessary to provide the city with military security measures. Between the City Hall of Mun. Chisinau and the Ministry of War/National War there were disputes related to the economic and real estate sphere. For the first time in history, the subject of the real estate of the III Army Corps in Chisinau, the military barracks, was addressed. Other lines of subject researched concern: the Chisinau Military Circle, military societies, military press, enlightenment of soldiers.

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Herrero Fernández-Quesada, María Dolores. "“There will be no shortage of books… or money to purchase them.” Education and the Reputation of the Library of the College of Artillery in Segovia as a Scientific and Publishing Centre". Diciottesimo Secolo 6 (9 novembre 2021): 95–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/ds-12475.

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Charles III arrived in Spain from Naples accompanied by a multidisciplinary team of military advisers, including Count Gazzola from Piacenza, who had already drawn up his plans for the urgent military reforms required for the artillery. These included the institutionalisation of that branch of the army and the foundation of the college for artillery officers and industrial engineers to run the military factories being taken over by the State. The most eye-catching element of this undertaking is the formation of its magnificent Enlightenment scientific library. A study of this library reveals an exceptional collection, the origins of the first books brought to the institution, the way it was organised and the military and scientific topics addressed. But its fundamental contribution can be measured in terms of results: indeed, textbooks were created for the cadets, as well as research works on military, artillery and scientific topics written by teachers from the college, and translations of important European scientific books. Finally, as a contribution to demonstrating the cost-effectiveness of the Crown’s investment in education for war, we highlight the work of three captains, showing the versatility they achieved thanks to their education at the college and their reputation outside it, in the service of society, as guiding lights of the Sociedad Económica de Amigos del País (SEAP – Economic Society of Friends of the Country) in Segovia. Without this magnificent library, the research, monographs and translations – ultimately the college’s own published works which brought it great academic credit in Enlightenment Europe – would not have been possible.

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McLay, K. A. J. "Conserving the Enlightenment: French Military Engineering From Vauban to the Revolution". French History 21, n. 1 (13 febbraio 2007): 117–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fh/crl043.

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Starkey, Armstrong. "Henry Lloyd and the Military Enlightenment of Eighteenth-Century Europe (review)". Journal of Military History 69, n. 4 (2005): 1205–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jmh.2005.0260.

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Yakovlev, Alexander I. "The Finale of the “Enlightenment Project” for the West and the East Part I. Keynotes and the Creators". Oriental Courier, n. 1 (2023): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s268684310025310-9.

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The paper describes in detail economic and cultural premises for the emergence of the “Enlightenment project” in European countries, the stages, and options for the development of the project, its impact on international relations during the colonial period. The article also provides examples of Eastern societies that have generated quite successful development models, which, nevertheless, could not resist the military, economic and ideological expansion of the Western countries, in which the “Enlightenment project” played one of the leading roles. Based on an interdisciplinary, historical, and sociological-political approach, the author conducts a series of historical comparisons, discovering, behind common definitions full of ideological traps, the general meaning of historical events, a similar logic of the development of society and the consonant goals of social elites. The Enlightenment project is considered as the first socio-economic and socio-political project in history, consistently implemented in Europe in accordance with the initial ideas and goals.

14

Song, Chao, Hongtian Liu, Yang Cao e Jianwu Sun. "Analysis on the Application of Unmanned Equipment in the Russia-Ukraine Military Conflict". Journal of Safety Science and Engineering 1, n. 2 (giugno 2024): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.62517/jsse.202408201.

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In the Russia-Ukraine military conflict, the use of unmanned equipment has exerted a great influence on the whole battlefield situation and the war process, and it played an important role in reconnaissance, strike and defense since it can provide more accurate intelligence and more options for the commanders, reduce the risk of casualties and improve the operational efficiency. This paper reveals the value of unmanned equipment in the military conflict from a deeper level by analyzing the application, advantages and disadvantages of the unmanned equipment in the conflict and the enlightenment to the future war.

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Hacker, Barton C. "Military Institutions and Social Order: Transformations of Western Thought since the Enlightenment". War & Society 11, n. 2 (ottobre 1993): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/072924793791200323.

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Lynn, John A. (John Albert). "Conserving the Enlightenment: French Military Engineering from Vauban to the Revolution (review)". Journal of Military History 69, n. 2 (2005): 546–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jmh.2005.0113.

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Reynard, Pierre-Claude. "Conserving the Enlightenment: French Military Engineering from Vauban to the Revolution (review)". Technology and Culture 46, n. 1 (2005): 218–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tech.2005.0036.

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Taylor, Peter K. "“Patrimonial” Bureaucracy and “Rational” Policy in Eighteenth-Century Germany: The Case of Hessian Recruitment Reforms, 1762–93". Central European History 22, n. 1 (marzo 1989): 33–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938900010815.

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Until the 1950s the historical reputation of the eighteenth-century rulers of Hesse-Cassel rested primarily upon their practice of financing state and court expenses by leasing conscripted and trained military units to Europe's major powers. Over the course of the last forty years another picture has emerged which stresses that these petty German absolutists participated in a movement of “Enlightened” reform. More recent attempts to reconcile apparent enlightenment with a military and financial system based on involuntary military servitude have noted contradictory labyrinths of means, ends, theory, and practice. What I offer in the following pages is not an attempt to soften these antinomies but an effort to highlight them through historical analysis of the military reforms of Landgrave Frederick II (1760–85). In this way I hope to contribute to a critical account of bureaucratic “rationality” as eighteenth-century absolutist princes practiced it.

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Kim, Jihyun. "Enlightenment on the Spirit-Altar: Eschatology and Restoration of Morality at the King Kwan Shrine in Fin de siècle Seoul". Religions 11, n. 6 (29 maggio 2020): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel11060273.

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The period from the Treaty of Kanghwa (1876) until the fall of the Korean Empire (1897–1910) is commonly characterized as a period of kaehwa—Enlightenment—in which the Chosŏn state strived to reform and modernize. This article complicates the notion of Enlightenment in the late Chosŏn context, arguging that it was a hybrid term concurrently connoting modernization and religious awakening. In particular, this article sheds light on spirit-written texts—so called ‘morality books’—employed by civil and military elites to participate in Enlightenment discourse. By the mid-nineteenth century, Guandi—the apotheosized version of the warrior Guan Yu—had emerged as one of the most popular spirit-writing deities in Qing dynasty China. This article explores the Korean faith and practice of spirit-writing centered on Thearch Kwan (Ch. Guandi) at shrines in Seoul. The King Kwan Shrines (Kwanwang myo) were the sites of production and publication of morality books during a critical period on the eve of modernization of Korea. Surprisingly, these texts were published with the sanction of King Kojong (reigned 1863–1907), the reformer who founded the new country. Kojong and his confidant servants were fully aware of the spirit-written texts and published them as the “Corpus of Enlightenment.” The corpus unintentionally emphasized the key term of modernization in their eschatology, urging enlightenment—conceived of as religio-ethical values—in order to resolve contemporary ills and bring about a new era of peace. This research will dissolve the sharp demarcation between premodern and modern in late nineteenth and early twentieth-century Korea by illuminating the polyphony of Enlightenment ideas, comflicting and competing between the old and new.

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Yakovlev, Alexander I. "The Finale of the “Enlightenment Project” for the West and East. Part II. Reformation and Revolution". Oriental Courier, n. 2 (2023): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s268684310026688-4.

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The paper describes in detail economic and cultural premises for the emergence of the “Enlightenment project” in European countries, the stages, and options for the development of the project, its impact on international relations during the colonial period. The paper also provides examples of Eastern societies that have generated quite successful development models, which, nevertheless, could not resist the military, economic and ideological expansion of the Western countries, in which the “Enlightenment project” played one of the leading roles. In this part (part I see: [Yakovlev, 2023]), attention is drawn to the formation of a certain set of new worldview universals, ideals and interests, norms of behavior and morality that arose in the public life of Western European countries in the 15th–18th centuries. For centuries, people have comprehended their accumulated social experience and, as they experience ongoing events, rethink the conditions of their lives. Outstanding thinkers managed to bring together the lived experience of generations, which found its expression in the works of the fathers of the Enlightenment.

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Pichichero, C. "Le Soldat Sensible: Military Psychology and Social Egalitarianism in the Enlightenment French Army". French Historical Studies 31, n. 4 (1 ottobre 2008): 553–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00161071-2008-006.

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Jeremic-Molnar, Dragana, e Aleksandar Molnar. "Avant-garde: Making war, revolutionary politics and art". Filozofija i drustvo 19, n. 2 (2008): 191–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fid0802191j.

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In the article the authors are dealing with the militant potential of the concept of avant-garde. Emerging in the politics and art in the first half of the 19th century and designed to ruin almost the whole tradition of 'bourgeois' enlightenment, political and artistic avant-garde was never capable of emancipating itself from its roots in strategic military thinking. Its true essence was to create battlefields in every domain of public life where the chance was given to ruin civil society - its politics, its art, its way of thinking, its civilization. In the name of freedom never heard of before, it spread violence and spread totalitarian seeds on the scorched soil. And in the end it was not defeated by its numerous enemies because it became victim of its own destructiveness.

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Kloes, Andrew. "Dissembling Orthodoxy in the Age of the Enlightenment: Frederick the Great and his Confession of Faith". Harvard Theological Review 109, n. 1 (gennaio 2016): 102–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017816015000504.

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The name of Friedrich II and his nearly half-century reign from 1740 to 1786 are virtually synonymous with the advent and advance of the Enlightenment in Prussia. In his famous 1784 answer to the question posed by the Berlinische Monatsschrift, “What is enlightenment?” Immanuel Kant asserted that enlightenment could be partially conceptualized as a temporal epoch, one whose salient characteristics, especially in regards to religion, were manifested in the personal opinions and public policies of his royal Prussian sovereign. “We do not live in an enlightened age, but in an age of enlightenment – the century of Friedrich.” In a similar spirit, a generation after Kant wrote, Friedrich Schleiermacher delivered a paean to Friedrich II's memory in a January 24, 1817 address to the Prussian Academy of Sciences on what would have been Friedrich II's one-hundred-and-fifth birthday. Schleiermacher heralded Friedrich II as “a friend of the muses,” who doubtlessly conversed with Plato in the afterlife, the legacy of whose domestic initiatives had been to transform Prussia into a more cultured society, while his “heroic” and “glorious” victories secured for the Prussian Army its vaunted reputation for military prowess. As the 29-year-old king himself wrote in a February 24, 1741 battlefield letter from the frontlines of the First Silesian War, “I love war for its glory, but if I were not a ruler, I would be nothing but a philosopher.”

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Liu, Peng, e Tongxu Wang. "The Impact of Senior Executives’ Military Experience on Corporate GTFP". Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2023 (30 marzo 2023): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/2851816.

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The influencing factors of corporate GTFP are a topic of considerable interest in the academia, but they are mainly limited to discussing the impact of formal institutions on corporate GTFP. Although a small amount of literature has studied the impact of clan culture, Confucian culture, and social trust on corporate GTFP based on informal institutions, they have ignored the factor of senior executives’ military experience. To fill this research gap, using a sample of Chinese A-share listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen from 2011 to 2021, this article studies the impact of senior executives’ military experience on corporate green total factor productivity (GTFP). The results show that senior executives’ military experience has a significant positive impact on corporate GTFP. Further research shows that the positive impact of senior executives’ military experience on corporate GTFP is more significant in regions with imperfect formal institutions. The test of mechanism effect shows that R&D investment is an important channel for executives’ military experience to promote corporate GTFP. For the first time, this article examines the impact of informal institutions on corporate GTFP from the perspective of senior executives’ military experience. The research contributions of this study are as follows: it enriches the literature on the economic consequences of senior executives’ military experience and the influencing factors of corporate GTFP and has enlightenment and reference significance for improving the corporate GTFP.

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BENDA, V. N. "ON THE QUESTION OF THE CREATION AND THE BEGINNING OF THE FUNCTIONING OF THE MILITARY SCHOOL OF RUSSIA AT THE END OF THE XVII - FIRST QUARTER OF THE XVIII CENTURY". History and Modern Perspectives 5, n. 2 (28 giugno 2023): 30–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.33693/2658-4654-2023-5-2-30-38.

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The history of military educational institutions dates back to the time of Peter the Great and is an important page in the social history of the origin and development of education in Russia. Artillery and engineering military educational institutions and the School of Mathematical and Navigation Sciences were among the first special educational institutions that performed an important state task of training command personnel and specialists in the field of naval, artillery and engineering. The article traces the history of the creation and subsequent development during the first quarter of the XVIII century of individual elements of the national system of military personnel training. The already known individual information and data concerning military educational institutions that functioned in the XVIII century are supplemented and expanded by poorly studied materials and archival sources that have not been introduced into scientific circulation. Attention is focused on certain aspects of the organization of the educational process and daily life in them. The author concludes that despite all the difficulties that the state and military administration had to face when establishing and launching the first military special schools, their further functioning in the first quarter of the XVIII century marked a new stage in the development of domestic military special education and enlightenment. Previously unpublished sources are introduced into scientific circulation.

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Guo, Vivienne Xiangwei. "Not Just a Man of Guns: Chen Jiongming, Warlord, and the May Fourth Intellectual (1919–1922)". Journal of Chinese History 4, n. 1 (9 ottobre 2019): 161–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jch.2019.22.

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AbstractInstead of assuming “warlords” as a homogeneous counter-force to the May Fourth enlightenment while imagining Chinese intellectuals as a natural alliance for the “anti-warlordism” National Revolution, this article examines the prevailing idea exchange and political collaboration between Chen Jiongming, the Cantonese military strongman, and the May Fourth intellectual within and beyond regional borders. Between 1919 and 1922, Chen Jiongming not only fostered his anarcho-federalist blueprint, but also garnered support from prominent thinkers hailing from across different ideological camps such as Liang Bingxian, Chen Duxiu, and Hu Shi. Focusing on the ideological and intellectual aspects of warlord rule, this article attempts to situate the study of warlordism against the backdrop of the Chinese enlightenment, to downplay the differences between the man of guns and the man of letters, and thereby to redefine, re-characterize, and reappraise “warlords” as active agents—the initiators—of China's renewals during this formative period.

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Davis, Robert V. "Science, Technology and Religion: The Exchange Between Enlightenment Europe and Imperial China". HoST - Journal of History of Science and Technology 15, n. 2 (1 dicembre 2021): 149–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/host-2021-0016.

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Abstract The European Enlightenment fostered a sense of progress through a delineation of universal human rights as well as through a reductionist mathematization of nature. Science, technology and religion became a form of cultural currency between Europe and Imperial China. The Jesuits bartered mathematics, geographic surveys and military technology to win religious permissions with Chinese emperors. Other Europeans were convinced ancient Chinese texts corresponded to the Old Testament. China sent to Europe a Confucian model of a social ethic that demonstrated non-Christian civic virtues. This article examines this exchange using the intercourse in science, technology and religion as the metric.

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Wawro, Geoffrey. "Book Review: A History of Military Thought: From the Enlightenment to the Cold War". War in History 10, n. 3 (luglio 2003): 343–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0968344503wh283xx.

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Guo, Jiaojiao, Deren Li, Liheng Wang, Xuemei Ma e Yuan Xu. "Experience and Enlightenment on Military, Civil, and Commercial Integration in US Space Infrastructure Development". Chinese Journal of Engineering Science 22, n. 1 (2020): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.15302/j-sscae-2020.01.017.

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Li, Lanjie, Wenjun Zhong e Jing Hu. "The Enlightenment of the Foreign Language Competency Cultivation at West Point to the Reform of Foreign Language Curriculum in China’s Military Academies". Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences 21 (15 novembre 2023): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ehss.v21i.13024.

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Foreign language capabilities facilitate combat effectiveness. United States Military Academy at West Point is relatively experienced in cultivating the foreign language capabilities of the cadets since they believe US army is globally committed. The paper first makes a general introduction of the mission, the Overarching Academic Goal and the academic program, then details on the curriculum system of foreign languages and the student learning outcomes and summarizes the salient features of its cultivating of foreign language capabilities in five sections. In order to enlighten the foreign language course reform in China's military academies, five suggestions are drawn in the aspects of the scope of foreign languages, the class size, cultural education, military and political attainment and interdisciplinary integration.

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Chen, Ji, e Qiwu Wu. "Research on Game Strategy and Enlightenment Based on the Perspective of Hybrid War". Academic Journal of Science and Technology 6, n. 2 (29 giugno 2023): 89–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ajst.v6i2.9696.

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Following Russia's military conflict in Crimea and eastern Ukraine in 2014, with the background of the strategic game of great powers and the interweaving of various interests, in 2022, the Russian-Ukrainian conflict once again broke out and intensified, showing a typical hybrid war mode. Based on the perspective of hybrid war, this paper studies the mixed game strategy in modern war in terms of combat subjects, combat styles, combat means, combat environment, etc., explores the characteristics of mixed cognitive combat practice, and puts forward relevant countermeasures for China's reunification.

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Lee, SunO, e Kyu-sik Chang. "A Study on the Hullyeon-dae during the Gabo Reform Period". Institute for Historical Studies at Chung-Ang University 58 (30 aprile 2023): 87–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.46823/cahs.2023.58.87.

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The Hullyeon-dae was the only military organization in Joseon based on the new military system during the Gabo Reform as a result of the military reform that began in July 1894. It was composed of four battalions, two were central battalions located in Seoul, and the other two were local battalions located in Pyongyang and Jeonju. Securing the initiative of the Hullyeon-dae actually meant Joseon’s military control. The conflict took place between Park Young-hyo and Cho Hee-yeon in the first and Park Young-hyo and King Gojong in the second. The Hullyeon-dae was disbanded due to public criticism after taking part in the Eulmi Incident. Regarding the motive for the Hullyeon-dae’s participation in the Eulmi Incident, it usually refers to the conflict between the Royal faction and the pro-Japanese enlightenment faction. However, after Park Young-hyo’s outster, most of the Hullyeon-dae officers advocated political neutrality. The problem was the repercussions of rumors on the disbandment of the Hullyeon-dae. The officers of the Hullyeon-dae, who felt threatened by this rumors, cooperated with Japan’s plan to kill the queen bacause of their interests, which was their Motive for participating in the Eulmi Incident.

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Sanger, Victoria. "Review: Conserving the Enlightenment: French Military Engineering from Vauban to the Revolution by Janis Langins". Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 65, n. 4 (1 dicembre 2006): 632–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25068338.

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Forrest, Alan. "Reviews of Books:Conserving the Enlightenment: French Military Engineering from Vauban to the Revolution Janis Langins". American Historical Review 110, n. 1 (febbraio 2005): 229–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/531272.

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Abel, Jonathan. "The Military Enlightenment: War and Culture in the French Empire from Louis XIV to Napoleon". History: Reviews of New Books 46, n. 5 (3 settembre 2018): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03612759.2018.1489693.

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El Hage, Fadi. "The Military Enlightenment: War and Culture in the French Empire from Louis XIV to Napoleon". French History 33, n. 2 (giugno 2019): 310–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fh/crz048.

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Craig, Stephen C. "Sir John Pringle MD, Early Scottish Enlightenment Thought and the Origins of Modern Military Medicine". Journal for Eighteenth-Century Studies 38, n. 1 (9 maggio 2014): 99–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1754-0208.12161.

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Lingyan, He, e Zhao Zhengli. "On the Military Strategy and Tactics of the Red Army’s Crossing of the Dadu River during the Long March". Journal of Research in Philosophy and History 6, n. 2 (6 maggio 2023): p72. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/jrph.v6n2p72.

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Abstract (sommario):

The Long March of the Chinese Workers’ and Peasants’ Red Army created a great miracle in human history. This article is based on a historical review of eight important decisions and actions during the central Red Army’s crossing of the Dadu River in the Long March, including feigning attack on Fulin, lightly taking Caluo, night raiding Anshun, forcefully crossing the Dadu River, dividing troops in Anshun, flanking and supporting from the right, galloping and advancing from the left, and courageously seizing the Luding Bridge, aiming to explore the military strategy transformation and the active defense strategy adopted by the Red Army during the crossing of the Dadu River in the Long March, this victory embodies the important historical significance and practical enlightenment of combining the spirit of courage and strategic wisdom, decision-making and tactical execution, and showcasing the military principles and tactics of fighting battles with no certainty of victory, displaying bravery, fearlessness of sacrifice and fatigue, and continuous combat, striving to annihilate the enemy in motion, and supplementing one’s own military supplies by capturing those of the enemy. The triumph of “Crossing the Dadu River” is a shining example of perfect fusion.

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van der Haven, Cornelis. "Patriotism and Bellicism in German and Dutch Epics of the Enlightenment". Arcadia 47, n. 1 (luglio 2012): 54–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/arcadia-2011-0001.

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AbstractThe German and Dutch historiography of eighteenth-century patriotism defines two different forms of patriotism. It is either presented as an enlightened and virtuous-eudemonic form of ʻlove for the fatherlandʼ based on reason, or as an ideology that foreshadows nineteenth-century emphatic forms of aggressive nationalism. A critical reading of the mid-eighteenth-century epics Cyrus by Christoph Martin Wieland and De Gevallen van Friso by Willem van Haren shows that the discourses are strongly intertwined. Heroism in these epics is based on a personal experience of war acts and no longer on distanced and ʻtheatricalʼ experiences of the military spectacle. It confronts us with aggressive war fantasies related to early bellicism, as well as with pacifist statements. In Cyrus, for instance, the sentimental warrior inspires his fellow-soldiers to offer their blood in the struggle against the enemy, but he has doubts about the war and shows compassion with the enemy. Explorations of the effects of individual emotions on the battlefield, prepared both further idealisations of patriotic war acts and a more critical literary approach to war and fatherland.

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Storring, Adam L. "‘The Age of Louis XIV’: Frederick the Great and French Ways of War*". German History 38, n. 1 (5 settembre 2019): 24–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerhis/ghz069.

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Abstract This article demonstrates that the military ideas of King Frederick the Great of Prussia up to the Seven Years War (1756–1763) were primarily inspired by France, and particularly by the towering figure of King Louis XIV. It examines the intellectual inspirations for Frederick’s military ideas, showing that French military influence reflected the strength of French cultural influence in the long eighteenth century and the importance of Louis XIV as a model for monarchical self-representation. Frederick’s famous personal command of his armies reflected the Enlightenment concept of the ‘great man’ (grand homme), but Frederick thereby sought primarily to outdo the Sun King, whom Voltaire had criticized for merely accompanying his armies while his generals won battles for him. The example of Frederick thus demonstrates that not only rulers but also enlightened philosophers often looked backwards toward older monarchical examples. Frederick sought to create his own ‘Age of Louis XIV’ in the military sphere by imitating the great French generals of the Sun King. Frederick’s famous outflanking manoeuvres followed the example of famous French generals, reflecting the practice of the more mobile armies of the mid-seventeenth century. Frederick used French practice to justify his attacks with the bayonet, and his ‘short and lively’ wars reflected French strategic traditions. The evidence of French influence on Frederick seriously challenges concepts of a ‘German Way of War’, and indeed of supposed national ‘ways of war’ in general, emphasizing the need for a transnational approach to the history of military thought.

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Rychel-Mantur, Dominika. "Członkowie Rządu Centralnego Tymczasowego Wojskowego Galicji – przyczynek do biografii zbiorowej". UR Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 16, n. 3 (2020): 23–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.15584/johass.2020.3.2.

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In 1809, in the territories of the Austrian Partition, which had been taken away from Austrians by Polish soldiers, the Central Provisional Military Government of Galicia was formed. The duties of the Governement was the reorganization of administration in Galicia and organization of military troops. The President of the Government was Stanisław Kostka Zamoyski, the most popular and richest magnate in Galicia. Representatives of the local nobility were appointed to other positions in the Government and in the poviat administration bodies. Archive materials allowed the tracing of 53 members. They were born between 1740 and 1780, most often from rich landed gentry and nobility. They owned estates in the former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Their career path was typical of the social state they represented. Educated, most often in the spirit of the Enlightenment, they took their first steps in public service as administrative officials or military personnel. Some of these careers seemed to have been above average, but the fall of the country in 1795 led to their their interruption. Withdrawing from public life, they returned in 1809. This article, an attempt to form a characteristic of this group, is part of the research on the elite of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth at the turn of the 19th century.

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Morecroft, Eleanor. "The Battlefield as Enlightened Space: War, the Senses, and the Emotional Soldier, ca. 1790–1840". Eighteenth-Century Life 45, n. 3 (1 settembre 2021): 69–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00982601-9273006.

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The Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars produced a new generation of military authors and artists who recounted their wartime experiences with unprecedented vividness and immediacy. Exploring the intense conflict and suffering of men at war while also underscoring their virtue and heroism, this work typifies what has come to be known as “military Enlightenment.” This essay examines a selection of military texts and images that represent soldiers’ sensory and emotional experience of the wartime spaces of battlefield and bivouac: the anonymous Journal Kept in the British Army (1796), L. T. Jones's Historical Journal of the British Campaign on the Continent (1797), the work of the army officer and historian William Napier (1785–1860), and the Waterloo images of the army officer and painter George “Waterloo” Jones (1786–1869) presented the wider British public with a complex understanding of war. Even as they represented battlefield violence and death with visceral intensity, they understood battlefield space itself to be grounded in affective practices associated with enlightened modes of virtue, sensibility, and civility. There the chaos and horror of conflict gave way to duty, order, civility, and community, and the distinctions of rank were maintained, even as the common humanity of officers and their men was affirmed.

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Su, Wendi. "The Influence and Enlightenment of Lao Tzu's Philosophical System on Modern Enterprise Management". BCP Business & Management 28 (14 ottobre 2022): 153–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpbm.v28i.2233.

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A full exploration of the essence of management science in traditional culture is an important path for modern enterprises’ innovation in management thought. Taoist culture is an important branch of traditional Chinese culture. Lao Tzu's philosophical system contains not only rich philosophical, ecological, and military thought, but also rich management thought, playing a quite conductive role in constructing a management theory that tailors to local reality in China. Lao Tzu's management philosophy, such as " Dao follows what it is", "non-contention ", "the Supreme Good is like water", have been widely considered as excellent management philosophy and used in business management by many entrepreneurs. For modern Chinese enterprises, an in-depth study of Lao Tzu's philosophy will help achieve the best management state. In this context, this paper gives a systematic analysis of the influence and enlightenment of Lao Tzu's philosophical system on modern enterprises’ management.

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McFarlane, Anthony. "Identity, Enlightenment and Political Dissent in Late Colonial Spanish America". Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 8 (dicembre 1998): 309–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3679300.

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During the long crisis of the Spanish empire between 1810 and 1825, the Creole leaders of Spanish American independence asserted a new identity for the citizens of the states which they sought to establish, calling them ‘Americanos’. This general title was paralleled and often supplanted by other political neologisms, as movements for independence and new polities took shape in the various territories of Spanish America. In New Spain, the insurgents who fought against royalist government during the decade after 1810 tried to rally fellow ‘Mexicans’ to a common cause; at independence in 1821, die Creole political leadership created a ‘Mexican empire’, the title of which, with its reference to the Aztec empire which had preceded Spain's conquest, was designed to evoke a ‘national’ history shared by all members of Mexican society. In South America, die leaders of the new republics also sought to promote patriotic feelings for territories which had been converted from administrative units of Spanish government into independent states. Thus, San Martín and O'Higgins convoked ‘Chileans’ to the cause of independence in the old Captaincy-General of Chile; shortly afterwards and with notably less success, San Martín called upon ‘Peruvians’ to throw off Spanish rule. Bolívar was, likewise, to call ‘Colombians’ to his banner in die erstwhile Viceroyalty of New Granada, before advancing south to liberate Peru in the name of ‘Peruvians’, and Upper Peru in the name of ‘Bolivians’, where the Republic which his military feats and political vision made possible was named after him.

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Oladiran, Abiola Ajoke Odeleye. "Uptake of Cancer Screening among Staff of Military Hospital Lagos". TEXILA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 10, n. 1 (30 marzo 2022): 134–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21522/tijph.2013.10.01.art012.

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The uptake of cancer screening services remains poor in developing countries due to altered perception and awareness of cancer. Difficulties associated with cancer screening include late reporting due to fear, ignorance, cost, and cultural issues. This study sought to establish the utilization of cancer screening services among health workers in Military Hospital Lagos (MHL) and the reasons for poor utilization of such services. Method: This quantitative study utilized 200 participants in MHL, Southwest, Nigeria to collect information. Proportionate probability sampling was used to determine those needed from each department and then conveniently selected after approval was received from the management of the hospital. Data was analyzed using SPSS 25.0 software at 95% CI with an alpha set at 5%. Findings: Participants were mostly males 106 (53.0%), between the age range of 20-30 years 73(36.5%), mostly married 114 (57.0%), with 122(61.0%) possessing a college degree, 90(45.0%) having average income >50-100 thousand naira and 132(66.0%) possessing health insurance. Major factors identified for influencing screening utilization were fear of a positive result, ignorance, belief in not being at risk, having many contending issues, nonchalant attitude to health, financial constraint. Conclusion: A low level of cancer screening and uptake was noticed among these health workers. This raises the need for urgent enlightenment about cancer screening even among health workers, and cancer screening made more available and affordable with easy accessibility to reduce the incidence and mortality of invasive cancer.

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Fedyashin, Anton A. "Eugene Miakinkov. War and Enlightenment in Russia: Military Culture in the Age of Catherine II". University of Toronto Quarterly 91, n. 3 (1 ottobre 2022): 301–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/utq.91.3.hr035.

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Nurislamov, Ruslan Rifovich. "The enlightenment committee Hamburg-Bremen and covert Propaganda of Weimar Germany abroad, 1923-1932". Genesis: исторические исследования, n. 10 (ottobre 2023): 70–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-868x.2023.10.38990.

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The subject of the study is the activity of the enlightenment committee Hamburg-Bremen, an organization created after the outbreak of the Ruhr crisis in 1923 by the Hamburg Chamber of Commerce to conduct export propaganda abroad. The article analyzes documents from the funds of the Russian State Military Archive and the German Federal Archives related to the functioning of this structure in 1923-1932. The purpose of the study is to determine how the Hamburg organization managed to deploy large—scale propaganda activity that spread to almost all countries of the world and acquired national significance in Weimar Germany. Special attention is paid to the characteristics of various areas of work, interaction with official departments and the impact of the world economic crisis of 1929-1933 on the activities of the enlightenment committee Hamburg-Bremen. Based on the study, it was revealed that the organization formed in Hamburg published various printed products, an information service was created abroad, and the key direction was covert penetration into the foreign press. The article shows that the reason for such activity lay in the interest of the economic circles of the region in improving the image of the country abroad in order to normalize foreign trade relations, and the possibility of its implementation — in the presence of the necessary connections for propaganda in foreign countries. One of the results of the study is the conclusion that the activities of the enlightenment committee Hamburg-Bremen affected not only export, but also cultural and political propaganda and was supported by the government interested in carrying out propaganda activities in a hidden form and through private structures. Over the years, the Hamburg-based organization has increasingly come under the influence of the state, whose assistance has become especially urgent after the global economic crisis of 1929-1933.

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Zieliński, Jan. "OD PÓŹNEGO WORONICZA DO WCZESNEGO WITTGENSTEINA. KARIERA PIEŚNI O WIKLEFIE I WIKLEFA W XIX-WIECZNEJ POLSCE". Colloquia Litteraria 20, n. 1 (8 febbraio 2017): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/cl.2016.1.3.

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The article is interested in following the history of the reception of the exceptional example of fifteenth-century poetry in Polish Pieśń o Wiklefie by Jędrzej Gałka of Dobczyn in the period between the discovery of the text in 1815 and the beginning of the First World War. The author discusses the reception of Pieśń o Wiklefie in later works of the Enlightenment poets as well as in texts by Mickiewicz and Norwid (the latter was friends with the poet Antoni Czajkowski, whose father first published Pieśń o Wiklefie). The article concludes with a discussion of the intellectual contacts between the logician Michał Dziewicki – one of the publishers of Wycliffe’s works – and Wittgenstein, who served in the military in Cracow.

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Ljubzhin, Alexey I. "And Won’t Disturb Peter’s Eternal Rest with Vain Malice..." Almanac “Essays on Conservatism” 3 (30 luglio 2022): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.24030/24092517-2022-0-3-73-78.

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Peter I is often blamed for his educational policy that didn’t much favour about public education and thus formed deep cultural gap between classes in Russian Empire. That statement is technically correct, but has an abstract character and doesn’t take into account neither the conditions in which Peter was acting, nor his available resources. In the article the author lists the educational endeavors of Petrine epoch (education abroad, military schools for nobility, arithmetic (elementary) schools, Theological Regulations, Imperial Academy of Sciences). Schools for nobility were of utilitarian character, but theological seminaries stuck to classic educational models. On the basis of the analysis of those models in comparison with available resources and society preparedness for enlightenment, it’s possible to conclude that Peter’s educational policy was optimal.

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Quinn, Brian. "The Alert Collector: Sources to Ponder: Developing a Meditation Collection". Reference & User Services Quarterly 58, n. 2 (18 gennaio 2019): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/rusq.58.2.6926.

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Meditation practices date back thousands of years to the forest-dwelling rishis of Asia who viewed it as a way to achieve spiritual growth leading to enlightenment. Meditation has today become an increasingly popular practice in mainstream western culture. News media continually churn out stories about the latest scientific results showing the physical, mental, and social benefits of meditating. Celebrities and athletes from the Beatles to David Lynch to LeBron James talk about how meditation has influenced their life and work. Meditation is practiced in corporations and boardrooms and is used in military training programs. Meditation has become commodified and commercialized, with meditation studios springing up in major cities, books about meditation hitting bestseller lists, and Silicon Valley engineers producing meditation apps by the dozens.

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