Tesi sul tema "Migration africaine"
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1
Gueye, Cina. "Activités invisibles et compétitions dans la ville africaine contemporaine : migration chinoise et reconfiguration économique à Dakar". Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2032.
Abstract (sommario):
Notre thèse s’intéresse particulièrement aux répercussions des modes d’inscription économiques des entrepreneurs chinois sur la recomposition des équilibres internes du marché du travail invisible à Dakar, incarné par des acteurs économiques accumulant les écarts aux normes majoritaires dans un environnement urbain marqué par la lutte des différents acteurs en présence pour l’appropriation des territoires et des ressources offertes par la ville. Notre ambition est de rendre compte des régimes de concurrence, de coopération, des luttes pour l’espace et les ressources offertes par la ville, des logiques de distanciation entre acteurs évoluant sur des segments concurrents. Dans cette perspective, nous avons opté pour une approche multi-site impliquant divers acteurs de la compétition urbaine : commerçants de rue sénégalais, cordonniers, pour apprécier les différentes postures d’acteurs de l’économie invisible face à la recomposition de l’équilibre interne de leurs segments d’activités. L’accent mis sur la reconfiguration du marché du travail invisible induit par cette coprésence dans cette recherche de type ethnographique interroge les rapports de domination, de résistance, mais aussi d’adaptation qui rythment le jeu des acteurs dans l’espace urbain où se construisent de nouveaux dispositifs commerciaux entre tensions et compromisOur thesis is particularly interested in the impact of economic modes inscriptions of Chinese entrepreneurs on the of internal balances recomposition of the invisible job market, incarnated by economic actors accumulating the differences to the majority standards in an urban environment characterized by the struggle of the different actors involved in the appropriation of land and resources offered by the city.Our goal is to realize competition regimes, cooperation, fights for space and resources offered by the city, distancing logic between actors working on competing segments. In this perspective, we opted for a multi-site approach involving various urban competition actors: Senegalese street traders, shoemakers, to appreciate the different postures of the actor’s invisible economy facing to the recomposition of the internal balance of their business segments.The emphasis on the reconfiguration of the invisible job market induced by the co-presence in this type of ethnographical research examines the domination reports, resistors, but also adaptations that punctuate the actors in the urban area where is building new trade arrangements between tension and compromise
2
Treiber, Nicolas. "Les structures de la déception : récits de migration et expériences colonisées dans la littérature africaine d'expression française (1953-1961)". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0074.
Abstract (sommario):
Le voyage des étudiants africains en situation coloniale constitue le sujet d’une mise en scène récurrente dans la littérature africaine d’expression française des années cinquante. À l’époque des combats décoloniaux, politiques et idéologiques, certains écrivains comme Cheikh Hamidou Kane, Camara Laye ou Aké Loba font de l’expérience de la colonisation culturelle le cœur de leurs œuvres littéraires. Leurs textes portant sur le voyage pour études des héros vers la France s’articulent autour d’une isotopie narrative, spatiale et existentielle : une migration en forme d’impasse, reposant sur quantité de promesses trahies, de rêves aux perspectives brisées, d’expériences de déréliction mortifère. L’étude du fonctionnement littéraire de la déception progressive des personnages d’élèves africains colonisés permet de mettre au jour le processus de subjectivation qui détermine leur horizon bouché. Car les trompe-l’œil idéologiques de l’entreprise coloniale dissimulent un mouvement de capture existentielle qui arraisonne les personnages et les transforme en sujet de domination. Depuis le tournant des indépendances politiques, le traitement littéraire de ces aventures échouées continue d’interroger le temps présent. Ces êtres tendus entre des espaces et des univers de valeurs antagoniques questionnent la négociation des identités postcoloniales. Comme si, en entrant dans la fabrique du personnage colonisé, partant à la rencontre de ses mécanismes et de ses modèles, nous avions rendez-vous avec les formes contemporaines de leur développement mondialiséThe travels of African students in a colonial situation are a recurring subject in Frenchspeaking African literature of the 1950s. At the time of de-colonial, political and ideological struggles, some writers such as Cheikh Hamidou Kane, Camara Laye or Aké Loba have put the experience of cultural colonization at the heart of their literary work. Their writings, aboutthe study trips of the main characters to France, are based on a spatial and existential isotopy: a dead-end migration, based on many betrayed promises, dreams with broken perspectives, experiences of deathly dereliction. The study of the literary device of the progressive disenchantment of these characters – African, colonized students – allows to shed light on thesubjectivation process that shapes their barred horizons. Indeed, the ideological deceit of the colonial endeavor hides a movement of existential capture that grabs the character and makes them subjects of domination. Since the turning point of political independencies, the literary outlook on those failed adventures keeps interrogating our present times. These beings, stretched between spaces and universes of opposed values, question the negotiation of postcolonial identities. As if, by entering the mold of the colonized character, by going to meet its mechanisms and models, we had an appointment with the modern-day shapes of their globalized development
3
Fano, Matteo. "« Quand tu n’as pas de papiers, tu ne peux pas choisir ! » : sociobiographies d’un groupe de jeunes migrants d’origine africaine à Marseille". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, EHESS, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023EHES0119.
Abstract (sommario):
Ce travail de recherche a pour objectif de mieux comprendre le phénomène migratoire contemporain et son évolution, en adoptant un point de vue microsocial et phénoménologique axé sur les expériences vécues d'un groupe diversifié d'hommes d'origine subsaharienne arrivant pour la première fois en France. Ces individus avaient quitté leur pays d'origine dans l'espoir d'atteindre une mobilité sociale et existentielle qu'ils considéraient comme inaccessible autrement. L'auteur a suivi leurs parcours sociaux et administratifs lors de leur installation à Marseille, en participant sous des différentes manières à leurs expériences et en recueillant leurs témoignages sur les circonstances de leur départ et les expériences qu'ils ont vécues en cours de route.Ces trajectoires de voyage et d'installation mettent en lumière les liens complexes entre la formation des psychologies des acteurs et les forces globales qui structurent leurs contextes d’existence, se manifestant à l'échelle individuelle sous forme de contraintes et d’opportunités qui orientent les choix de conduite. À ce sujet, l'auteur souligne que la décision de rester à Marseille n’a pas été prise de manière définitive dès l’arrivée, mais a été renégociée au jour le jour en fonction des événements qui modifiaient leur situation de vie, et donc leurs perspectives d'avenir.Ce processus d’intégration sociale « par le bas » s’est déroulé à la fois en adaptant le contexte à leurs besoins grâce à des astuces et ajustant progressivement leurs aspirations à la réalité de leur condition. Malgré des situations parfois très contraignantes, ils ont réussi à dégager des espaces d'autodétermination, leur permettant de se sentir acteurs de leur parcours, d'envisager la possibilité de vivre une vie digne, et de spéculer sur le fait qu'ils avaient plus de chances de le faire sur place plutôt qu'ailleurs. De cette manière, en revanche, ces individus se sont progressivement éloignés des objectifs d’avenir qui avaient animé leur projet initial de migration, se rapprochant de celui que la société d'accueil leur avait prescrit en fonction de leur statut, parfois en restant enfermés dans des formes d'inclusion partielle et précaire.Dans ce cadre, la relation d’échange entre les enquêtés et l’enquêteur a joué un rôle important. Tout d’abord, ce dernier leur a fourni des ressources matérielles, des informations et des conseils, ce qui leur a donné plus de marge de manœuvre pour faire face aux imprévus du quotidien. Ensuite, elle a fourni un cadre propice à la co-construction d'un dispositif d'écoute qui a permis aux enquêtés de partager librement leur histoire tout en la revisitant, et donc de mieux se l’approprier. Ainsi, en négociant leur relation avec le passé à travers le récit, ils ont pu l'utiliser comme base pour élaborer de nouveaux projets pour l'avenir, à la fois réalisables à la lumière des contraintes imposées par le contexte actuel, et leur permettant de s'y reconnaître grâce à une continuité biographique reconstruite a posteriori, souvent en s'appuyant sur des métonymies identitaires. En résumé, cette thèse décrit comment ces personnes, bien que confrontées à des circonstances très contraignants, ont réussi à négocier des espaces d’autodétermination qui leur ont permis de garder les rênes de leurs vies, en utilisant ce que la société d'accueil essayait de faire d'eux comme point de départ pour en faire quelque chose de différentThis research aims to better understand the contemporary migratory phenomenon and its evolution by adopting a microsocial and phenomenological perspective focused on the lived experiences of a diverse group of men of Sub-Saharan African origin arriving in France for the first time. These individuals had departed from their home countries with the aspiration of attaining social and existential mobility that they perceived as otherwise impossible to reach. The author followed their social and administrative trajectories during their settlement in Marseille, actively participating in their experiences and collecting their testimonies about the circumstances of their departure and the experiences they had along the way.These travel and settlement paths underscore the intricate connections between the evolution of the actors' psychologies and the global forces shaping their life contexts. These forces materialize at the individual level through constraints and opportunities that mold their decisions. In this regard, the author emphasizes that the decision to stay in Marseille was not definitively determined upon arrival but, rather, was subject to daily renegotiation, influenced by evolving circumstances that impacted their living conditions and, consequently, their prospects and hopes for the future.This process of social integration from the bottom up involved tailoring their environment to their needs through resourcefulness and progressively aligning their aspirations with the realities of their circumstances. Despite facing occasional challenges, they succeeded in creating spheres of self-determination, enabling them to perceive themselves as actors of their destiny, consider the potential for leading dignified lives, and entertain the idea that their odds of achieving this were higher in that location than elsewhere. Conversely, in this process, these individuals gradually moved away from the future goals that had driven their initial migration project, instead aligning with the one prescribed by the host society based on their status, sometimes remaining trapped in forms of partial and precarious inclusion.In this context, the exchange relationship between the interviewees and the researcher played a significant role. Firstly, the researcher provided them with material resources, information, and advice, giving them more room to handle everyday contingencies. Secondly, it provided a conducive framework for co-constructing a listening mechanism that allowed the interviewees to freely share their stories and reinterpret them, facilitating better ownership of their narratives. By negotiating their relationship with the past through storytelling, they could use it as a foundation to develop new future projects that were both achievable in light of the constraints imposed by the current context, and allowed individuals to identify with them through a biographical continuity reconstructed retrospectively, often based on identity metonymies. In summary, this thesis describes how this group of people managed to maintain control over their lives by using what the host society tried to make of them as a starting point to create something different
4
Nkouda, Sopgui Romuald. "Migration et contact culturel : problématique de la transculturation chez les écrivains de la diaspora africaine en Allemagne, en France et en Angleterre (1980-2011)". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0277.
5
Akilha, Ateib Mohamed Ali. "La Libye au carrefour de l'Afrique et de l'Europe : étude sur les migrations clandestines de la Libye vers l'Europe : analyses, enjeux et perspectives". Thesis, Dijon, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011DIJOD006.
Abstract (sommario):
La Libye est une zone clé sur les chemins de la migration entre Afrique et Europe. Si les Libyens ne constituent pas un peuple de migrants, leur territoire, lui, est un lieu de transit fondamental pour les migrations, notamment clandestines, des Africains de toutes origines vers l’Europe, surtout depuis que le Détroit de Gibraltar est étroitement contrôlé. Cette thèse s’interroge sur le phénomène de la migration illégale dans cet espace. Elle tente d’appréhender ce phénomène en relation avec la situation internationale de la Libye, et donc l’évolution sur une période qui couvre l’avant-embargo, l’embargo, et l’après embargo. L’immigration clandestine est un processus complexe qui a des origines aussi nombreuses que diverses, et dont les conséquences se font sentir aussi bien sur les migrants que sur les pays d’origine, de destination et de transit. Ainsi la Libye, pays de transit, considère t-elle désormais tous les enjeux diplomatiques qui se jouent à travers le passage des migrants africains sur son sol. Ses positions sur la scène internationale depuis la création de la Jamahiriya influencent ce facteur stratégique, tout comme elles sont influencées par lui. Au carrefour de la construction euro-méditerranéenne, la Libye sait user de sa situation de zone tampon, notamment dans ses relations avec l’Italie, qui elle-même fait le pont entre l’Union européenne et la Jamahiriya. C’est ainsi que la Libye négocie son implication dans les traités internationaux du type de l’Union pour la Méditerranée. Mais ses décisions politiques dépendent également des politiques de migration européennes, notamment du processus d’externalisation de la question migratoire. En raison de sa situation si spécifique, c’est à ce pays ouvert sur la Méditerranée de peser sur la mise en œuvre de politiques qui dépassent le simple aspect sécuritaire, qui permettent que tous les acteurs de ces vastes mouvements sortent gagnants de ces fluctuations qui sont désormais inéluctablesLibya is a key area of migration between Africa and Europe. If the Libyans are not considered as migrant population, their territory, it is a fundamental transit point particularly for illegal migrants. The Africans from all origins take this way to Europe because of the enforced control of the Strait of Gibraltar. This thesis examines the phenomenon of illegal migration in this region. It reviews this phenomenon in relation to the international situation of Libya and it’s evolution over the pre-embargo, the embargo and post-embargo period. Illegal immigration is a very complex process that has numerous and various causes. It has many consequences on the migrants, both in countries of origin, transit and destination. This situation raises an important question. Thus is Libya, a transit country in the area, taking into consideration all diplomatic issues that rise from the passing of African migrants on its territory? The political positions of Libya on the international scene have a mutual strategic influence since the creation of the Libyan Jamahiriya. At the crossroads of Euro-Mediterranean point, Libya takes advantage of its position as a buffer; especially in its relations with Italy, which itself is the bridge between the European Union and Libya. This is how Libya negotiates its involvement in international treats such as the Union for the Mediterranean. But the political decisions of Libya depend also on European migration policies, particularly the process of outsourcing of migration issue. Because of its specific location, this country bordered by the Mediterranean must have a direct impact on the policies that go beyond this security aspect. These policies must allow all actors of these vast movements to overcome these fluctuations that are now inevitable
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Picard, Mélanie. "L'expérience du déplacement forcé des Afro-Colombiennes, en Colombie". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27029.
Abstract (sommario):
Ce mémoire porte sur l’expérience du déplacement forcé des Afro-Colombiennes, en Colombie. Dans ce pays, depuis plusieurs décennies, a lieu un conflit armé interne qui a pour effet la fuite de millions de personnes vers les périphéries des grands centres urbains. Afin de mettre en lumière leur vécu, et de comprendre les transformations suite au déplacement, j’ai recueilli les histoires de vie de 17 Afro-Colombiennes, victimes du déplacement forcé qui se sont installées illégalement dans l’un des quartiers au sud de Bogotá. Ces récits permettent de saisir leur situation avant le déplacement, pendant le déplacement et lors de leur arrivée à Bogotá. Les concepts d’expérience et de rapports sociaux de sexe permettent de comprendre le vécu de ces femmes et leur position en tant que femmes appartenant à une minorité connue pour faire partie des plus démunis.This thesis reflects upon the forced displacement of Afro-Columbians in Colombia. In this country, over the past few decades, an internal armed conflict has driven millions of people to the outskirts of large urban centers. In order to highlight their experiences and to understand the effects of this displacement, I have gathered the stories of 17 Afro-Colombian women forced to settle in a neighborhood south of Bogotá. These accounts detail their lives before and during the resettlement, as well as their arrival in Bogota. These women’s experiences and gender relations shape their lives as an oppressed minority in Colombia.
Esta tesina se centra en la experiencia del desplazamiento forzado de las Afrocolombianas, en Colombia. En este país, desde hace varios decenios, tiene lugar un conflicto armado interno que ha provocado el desplazamiento de millones de personas hacia las periferias de los grandes centros urbanos. Con el fin de evidenciar sus experiencias, y de comprender las transformaciones que siguen al desplazamiento, yo he recogido las historias de vida de 17 Afrocolombianas, víctimas del desplazamiento forzado que se han instalado ilegalmente en un barrio al sur de Bogotá D.C. Estos relatos permiten tener una idea de su situación antes del desplazamiento, durante el desplazamiento y desde su llegada a Bogotá D.C. Los conceptos de experiencia y de relaciones sociales de género permiten comprender la vivencia de estas mujeres y su posición en tanto que mujeres pertenecientes a una minoría conocida por hacer parte de los más pobres.
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Hindrikes, Evelin. "Un féminisme à cheval sur deux continents : une étude des idées féministes dans le roman Les Honneurs perdus et l'essai Lettre d'une Africaine à ses sœurs occidentales de Calixthe Beyala". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-60089.
Abstract (sommario):
This study examines the feminist ideas in Calixthe Beyala's fictional novel Les Honneurs perdus (1996) and her essay Lettre d'une Africaine à ses sœurs occidentales (1995). The description of women's situation and their possible liberation in these two texts are analyzed, notably based on the feminist theories articulated by Simone de Beauvoir and by Judith Butler. The analysis demonstrates that the women in these texts live in a patriarchal society where they are oppressed and dominated by men. Religion and tradition serve as a way of internalizing this oppression. Early on, the women learn that their sexuality is owned by men, and that the main purpose of their existence is to get married and have children. However, Beyala also demonstrates a possiblity for women to reclaim their subjectivity and to liberate themselves from men's oppression, mainly through gaining awareness of the oppression, getting access to education and finding solidarity between women. In the last chapter of the analysis, Beyala's vision of the woman as the savior of the world is questioned, and the importance of the postcolonial context is considered. The study concludes that Beyala's feminist ideas consist of a fusion of, on one hand, Western feminist theories such as those based on the works of Beauvoir and, on the other hand, ideas of solidarity characteristic for the African continent. This creates a feminism which, just like Beyala herself, straddles two continents.
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Toé, Wilfried Antoine Bassou. "Minéralisations uranifères de la ceinture orogénique Pan-africaine du Damara (Namibie) : implication de la fusion partielle, de la migration et de la mise en place des magmas sur le remaniement de la croûte continentale". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0274/document.
Abstract (sommario):
La chronologie de la formation de la croûte continentale est débattue mais la plupart des modèles convergent sur le fait qu'une bonne partie de la croûte continentale présente à la surface de la Terre aujourd'hui est présente depuis le Protérozoïque (2,5 - 0, 54 Ga) et qu'elle a essentiellement subit un remaniement au cours d'orogénèses. L'uranium, qui est un élément incompatible, est un traceur de cette évolution depuis son fractionnement initial par fusion partielle du manteau jusqu'à son remaniement dans les niveaux crustaux supérieurs. La ceinture orogénique Néoprotérozoïque Pan-africaine (0,5 ± 0,1 Ga) du Damara en Namibie constitue une cible géologique pour tester les relations entre croissance / évolution crustale et métallogénie de l'uranium. Elle s'est formée suite à la collision des cratons archéens du Congo et du Kalahari (plaque subductante). Ce travail de thèse montre que l'évolution de la croute continentale de la ceinture du Damara durant l'orogènese Pan-africaine au Néoprotérozoïque se fait par remaniement de roches ayant été extraites du manteau depuis l'Archéen et que leur fusion partielle est le mécanisme prépondérant pour la minéralisation uranifère primaire associée à la cristallisation de granites intrusifs. Les granites in-situ issus de la fusion partielle des sédiments dans les niveaux crustaux supérieurs sont peu ou pas propices à de fortes concentrations d'uranium du fait 1) de la faible préconcentration de leur protolithes et 2) de leur migration relativement limitée. Les granites intrusifs minéralisés correspondent à des injections tardi- à post-collision (ca. 520 - 480 Ma dans la zone centrale) et sont liés aux phases de relaxation thermique et d'effondrement gravitaire subséquentes à l'épaississement crustal de l'orogène dans un contexte de convergence de plaquesThe chronology of continental crust formation is debated but most models converge on the fact that much of the continental crust on the surface of the Earth is present since the Proterozoic (2.5 - 0, 54 Ga) and has essentially undergoes reworking during orogenesises. Uranium which is an incompatible element is a tracer of this crustal evolution, since its initial fractionation by partial melting of the mantle to its reworking in higher crustal levels. Neoproterozoic Pan-African (0.5 ± 0.1 Ga) orogenic belt of the Damara in Namibia is a good geological target to test the relationship between crustal growth and evolution and metallogeny of uranium. It was formed after the collision of the Archean cratons of Congo and Kalahari (subducting plate). This thesis shows that the evolution of the continental crust during the Neoproterozoic Damara Orogen is by reworking of Archaean to Neoproterozoic crustal domains and partial melting of rocks is the predominant mechanism for primary uranium mineralization associated with crystallization of intrusive granites derived from anatexis of paleo- to mesoproterozoic basement fragments. The intrusive granites issued from partial melting of sediments in the upper crustal levels are low or not favorable to high concentrations of uranium because of 1) the low preconcentration of their protoliths and 2) their relatively limited migration. The mineralized intrusive granites correspond to late- to post-collision injections (ca. 520-480 Ma in the central area) and are related to thermal relaxation phases and gravitational collapse subsequent to thickening in crustal orogen in a context of plates convergence
9
Pendock, Catherine. "The willingness of South African emigrants to transfer knowledge to other South Africans". Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25625.
Abstract (sommario):
This study examines the effect of migration and emotions on knowledge transfer with the intention of identifying the emotions influencing the willingness of South African emigrants to transfer knowledge to South Africans living in South Africa. The increasing number of South Africans emigrating is exacerbating the skills shortage in the country and therefore it is of importance to understand the profile of a South African emigrant who is willing to transfer knowledge to South Africans living in South Africa. Through understanding who to target for assistance South Africa will be able to better utilise those emigrants who are willing to assist. The primary data was collected through an online survey. Of the 311 responses 210 were usable in the regression models run. The outcome of this research supports previous literature that positive knowledge sharing emotions play a major role in influencing the willingness to transfer knowledge. Because this is voluntary knowledge sharing emigrants tend to share knowledge when they are happy and when they feel positive towards knowledge sharing. This is influenced by positive feelings about their own knowledge and about their decision to emigrate. The results also suggest that emigrant‟s emotions towards knowledge sharing were not dominated by their feelings about South Africa, but rather by their emotions towards their host country. CopyrightDissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2011.
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
unrestricted
10
Watrin, Julie. "Dynamique spatiale et temporelle de la végétation caractéristique du << Sahara vert >> pendant la période humide de l'Holocène". Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066610.
Abstract (sommario):
L’intensification de la mousson en Afrique du Nord au cours de l’Holocène a entraîné un changement de végétation - le « Sahara vert » - caractérisé par l’apparition de plantes tropicales dans des zones aujourd’hui désertiques. Les conditions humides ont permis l’extension de la végétation soudanienne, la limite Sahel-Sahara ayant probablement migré d’environ 450 km vers le Nord par rapport à sa position actuelle. Les données polliniques sont un des marqueurs paléoenvironnementaux les plus utilisés pour reconstituer les paysages du passé, du fait de leur abondance et de leur conservation. L’objectif de cette thèse est de mieux comprendre la dynamique de la végétation en Afrique de l’Ouest au cours des 14000 dernières années, en se basant sur l’étude des données palynologiques. Trois axes sont développés: 1) l’analyse de la relation actuelle pollen-plante-climat, 2) l’analyse de la végétation de la région ouest africaine, à partir des échantillons de surface de cette région, 3) l’étude de la migration des plantes au cours de l’Holocène et la caractérisation des écosystèmes du « Sahara vert ». Ces analyses montrent qu’il n’est pas nécessaire dans les régions tropicales de prendre en compte les pourcentages des grains de pollen pour représenter les plantes, du fait de biais importants existant entre les fréquences polliniques et l’abondance des plantes. Concernant les paysages du « Sahara vert », le travail réalisé permet d’estimer les vitesses de migration des plantes tropicales ainsi que leur ordre d’apparition dans les latitudes nord africaines. Il confirme le caractère particulier de la végétation du « Sahara vert » : une interpénétration d’éléments tropicaux humides dans un paysage steppique. Finalement, l’ensemble de ces travaux permet de proposer des reconstitutions climatiques pour la période du « Sahara vert ».
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Seymen, Seyhan Gözde. "L'usage des TICs et l'évolution des projets migratoires des migrants africains en Turquie (le cas d'agglomération d'Istanbul)". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAG035/document.
Abstract (sommario):
Cette thèse s’intéresse au rôle des TIC dans l’évolution du projet migratoire des migrants africains subsahariens en Turquie. L’approche interdisciplinaire choisie a permis d’aborder la question sous l’angle sociologique et communicationnelle en prenant en compte les aspects politiques et géographiques. La migration des africains subsahariens vers la Turquie est associée au renforcement des contrôles aux frontières externes notamment européennes qui favorise la construction de nouvelles routes migratoires et nouveaux pôles de transit. Ce renforcement des contrôles frontaliers conduisent les migrants à reformuler leur projet migratoire. Dans ce contexte de migrations irrégulières, cette thèse cherche à comprendre comment les migrants approprient les TIC et quel est rôle de celles-ci dans la construction et le maintien des réseaux sociauxThis thesis intends to question the role of ICTs in the evolution of the migration project of the sub-Saharan African migrants in Turkey. The interdisciplinary approach adopted in this thesis allowed to examine the question under sociological and communicational point of view by taking into account the political and geographical aspects. The migration of African sub-Saharan towards Turkey is associated with the reinforcement of controls at the external border, particularly in Europe, which favors the appereance of new migratory roads and new transit hubs. This reinforcement of border controls leads the migrants to reformulate their migration project. In this context of irregular migrations, this thesis intends to understand how the ICTs are appropriated by migrants and what is the role of these technologies in the construction and the maintenance of the social networks
12
Anderson, Roger D. "Perspectives on select U.S. black migrations and a case study of black migration to South Florida, 1995-2000 a test of migrant selectivity theory and the role of nativity /". Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2006.
13
Sidibe, Bréhima. "Afrique imaginée et expérience des « retours » : l’exemple du Ghana, de W.E.B. Du Bois à nos jours". Thesis, Perpignan, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PERP0034.
Abstract (sommario):
Cette thèse porte sur le mouvement de retour de certains Noirs états-uniens au Ghana et ce, de la fin des années 1950 jusqu’à nos jours. Depuis la fin des années 1950, un nombre grandissant de Noirs états-uniens, descendants des Subsahariens déportés pendant la traite et l’esclavage, ont entamé un retour en Afrique, plus précisément au Ghana. Les motivations de ce mouvement de retour au Ghana varient d’un individu à un autre. Pendant que les premiers Returnees, par ailleurs appelés les Radical Afros, étaient épris d’une volonté politique de concrétisation de l’idéal panafricaniste, les groupes, qui emprunteront le même chemin par la suite, sont motivés, entre autres, par la quête identitaire et des origines, la quête de la dignité humaine et de la sécurité physique et psychologique, loin du climat de racisme et de violence policière omniprésent aux États-Unis. Installés au Ghana, au-delà de la confrontation avec la mémoire de l’esclavage, ces Returnees essaient quotidiennement de s’intégrer dans la société ghanéenne dans une atmosphère oscillant entre apaisement et friction. Cette atmosphère résulte du fossé culturel et la différence de préoccupation entre les descendants des esclavisés et les Ghanéens, et plus globalement les Africains. À partir d’une étude de terrain comprenant entretiens, discussions et observations réalisés au Ghana entre mai et juillet 2017 et sur la base de récits de Returnees, cette thèse se penche sur les motivations et raisons de retour de certains Noirs états-uniens au Ghana, mais aussi sur les interactions entre ces derniers et la population ghanéenne. Cette recherche révèle une volonté affichée de certains Returnees de renouer avec leurs origines et leur héritage africain, de retrouver certains éléments culturels africains et d’exprimer leur fierté d’être « Noir » et « Africain ». Mais leur américanité et leur socialisation aux valeurs euro-états-uniennes rendent souvent difficiles les interactions avec les Ghanéens. Par ailleurs, la charge raciale, présente chez les Returnees, est absente chez les Ghanéens. Deux mondes distincts se trouvent ainsi confrontés, séparés par la notion de « race » et l’idée de « peuple noir »This thesis is a study of the movement of some Black Americans back to Africa—especially to Ghana—from the late 1950s to the present day. Since the late 1950s, a growing number of Black Americans—descendants of Africans deported during the slave trade and slavery—started to move to Africa, especially to Ghana. The reason behind this movement from the United States of America to Ghana is different from one individual to another. While the first Returnees, also called the Radical Afros, were fully devoted to the realization of the ideals of political Pan-Africanism, the groups, that follow, were motivated, among other things, by the quest for identity-building and origins, the quest for human dignity and the quest for physical and psychological security outside of the racist atmosphere and police brutality that pervade the United States of America. Once in Ghana, beyond confronting the history of slavery, these Returnees try, on daily basis, to integrate into Ghanaian society in a changing atmosphere from appeasement to tension. This atmosphere results from the cultural gap and the difference of reality between the descendants of the enslaved Africans and Ghanaians, and globally Africans. Based on field study including interviews, conversations and observations carried out in Ghana between May and July 2017 and accounts of some Black Americans’ journey to Ghana, this thesis focuses on the motivations and reasons leading some Black Americans to move to Africa, more precisely to Ghana, but also the interaction between Returnees and Ghanaian population. This research reveals a strong desire of some Returnees to reconnect with their African origins and heritage, to recover some African cultural elements and to express their pride of being “Black” and “African”. But, their Americanness and their socialization within Euro-American values render sometimes their interaction with Ghanaians a bit difficult. In addition, the burden of race within Returnees is not something shared with Ghanaians. This exposes two distinct worlds separated by the notion of “race” and the idea of Blacks as “one people”
14
Price-Spratlen, Townsand. "African-American community development and migration streams : patterns of change in 20th century metropolitan migration /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8845.
15
Grégoire, Nicole. "Faire avancer la communauté: diasporas africaines et associationnisme panafricain en Belgique". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209514.
Abstract (sommario):
En Belgique, à l’instar d’autres populations d’origine immigrée, les populations d’origine africaine subsaharienne font face à une relative impuissance. Cette dernière peut-être déterminée en fonction de critères tels que l’accès à l’emploi, au logement, à l’enseignement, ou encore le statut juridico-politique. Dans ma thèse, je m’intéresse aux stratégies mises en place par ces populations afin d’améliorer collectivement leur sort. J’articule la question des conséquences sociales et culturelles de la migration en termes de dialectique de l’identification, focalisée notamment sur l’utilisation couramment synonymique des catégories ethno-raciales « africain », « subsaharien » et « noir », avec celle des formes de l’action collective dégagées dans le cadre des social movement studies. Ma réflexion part d’une proposition théorique formulée de façon synthétique par Pnina Werbner et suggérant que, malgré le climat concurrentiel que la formation et l’expansion d’associations ethniques peut générer, leur développement et leur mise en relation constituerait les prémices incontournables d’éventuelles actions collectives protestataires. Pour Pnina Werbner, cette mise en réseau des associations, si elle s’assortit d’un processus de « convergence idéologique », peut donner lieu à des mobilisations. J’ai enrichi cette proposition de deux manières :d’une part, en affinant la notion de convergence idéologique au moyen de la littérature sur le cadrage et le processus d’alignement des cadres dans la mobilisation collective, et, d’autre part, en articulant dans mon analyse les trois courants théoriques centraux des recherches sur des mouvements sociaux – structure des opportunités politiques, mobilisations des ressources, cadres de l’action collective.J’ai ainsi montré que le système politique belge était globalement à la fois favorable à l’expression de potentiels mouvements sociaux issus de l’immigration et peu ouvert à leur reconnaissance officielle. J’ai également mis en évidence que les niveaux infra-nationaux et supra-nationaux véhiculaient des opportunités politiques spécifiques. Je me suis ensuite penchée sur la façon dont les différentes opportunités et contraintes politiques mises à jour ont été saisies par deux associations « africaines » soucieuses de former un groupe d’intérêt représentant l’ensemble de la collectivité d’origine africaine subsaharienne, et sur les conséquences organisationnelles de ces choix. Ces études de cas m’ont permis de mettre en exergue le répertoire d’action accommodateur dans lequel ces organisations s’inscrivent, et la relation de leurs membres avec la structure des opportunités politiques. J’ai souligné comment certaines de ces opportunités, dans la façon dont elles ont été réappropriées par les leaders associatifs, ont eu un impact négatif sur la cohésion interne de leurs associations. Aussi, en me penchant plus spécifiquement sur la façon dont les différentes parties prenantes de ces organisations donnent sens aux activités de celles-ci, j’ai montré que les objectifs de ces associations étaient, de façon générale, investis de sens fort différents par les acteurs, y compris au sein des collèges d’administrateurs. Dans la lignée des travaux de Michael Herzfeld, les résultats de ma recherche soulignent la relation disémique inévitable entre la volonté de représentation communautaire officielle et les pratiques internes à la collectivité. Depuis quelques années, les entrepreneurs de représentation de cette collectivité tâchent d’amenuiser cette disémie en engageant leurs associations respectives, rebaptisées « panafricaines », dans des actions collectives. L’analyse de ces actions rend compte de la construction d’un « répertoire symbolique commun » qui se décline autour du référent panafricain et de politiques identitaires pragmatiques. Enfin, j’ai identifié les formes de sociabilité plutôt élitaires du réseau associatif « panafricain » comme une limite de son extension.
Ces développements empiriques montrent tout l’intérêt d’observer largement « l’espace des mouvements sociaux », c’est-à-dire la trajectoire des organisations et des acteurs susceptibles de donner forme à l’action collective. Ce faisant, mon travail contribue à décloisonner des études sur les mouvements sociaux trop souvent cantonnées aux actions protestataires directement menées contre l’autorité publique.
Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
16
M've, Gaëlle. "Migrations des Africains subsahariens vers l'Espagne (1985-2008)". Toulouse 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOU20016.
Abstract (sommario):
L’Espagne longtemps pays d'émigration est devenue depuis les années 1990, une des destinations privilégiées des Africains subsahariens. Sénégalais, Maliens, Congolais, Centrafricains, Nigérians, Ghanéens, Guinéens, Ivoiriens etc. , entreprennent le voyage par « patera » ou « cayuco » afin de rejoindre les côtes espagnoles à travers des itinéraires différents, dont le Maroc reste le principal pays de transit. L'Espagne qui n'était pas préparée à l'installation définitive des étrangers sur son territoire a dû entre 1985 et 2008, adapter sa législation aux nouvelles réalités de ce phénomène. Avec la « Ley de Extranjería » en 1985, l'Espagne réglemente le séjour des étrangers sur le territoire puis avec la Loi Organique 4/2000 l'intégration sociale des étrangers est abordée pour la première fois même si dans son application, le PP et le PSOE ont des politiques sensiblement différentes. Pour le PP on a une politique centrée sur le côté sécuritaire et l'intensification des contrôles aux frontières, quant au PSOE il met l'accent sur les droits et le bien-être social des migrants déjà présents sur le territoire espagnol. L'adoption du plan « África » (2006-2008) marque une orientation nouvelle de l'Espagne en Afrique. Par ailleurs ONG, associations et même l'administration espagnole participent, chacun dans son domaine de compétence, au processus d'intégration des Subsahariens en Espagne. Ce phénomène fait aujourd'hui de l'Espagne un partenaire de l'Afrique sur le plan économique, social et politiqueFor so long Spain had been a country of emigration but since the 1990s it has become one of the favourite destinations of Sub-Saharan Africans. Senegalese, Malians, Congolese, Central Africans, Nigerians, Ghanaians, Guineans, Ivoirians and so forth undertake the journey by “patera” or “cayuco” in order to reach the Spanish borders via various itineraries among which Morocco remains the main transit country. Since Spain was not prepared for permanent settlement of foreigners on its territory, between 1985 and 2008, the country had to start adapting its legislation to the new realities related to this phenomenon. With the "Ley de Extranjería" of 1985, Spain regulates the stay of foreigners and with the Organic Law 4/2000 social integration of foreigners is addressed for the first time even though in its implementation, the PP and PSOE have slightly different policies. As far as the PP is concerned, it is a policy focusing on security issues and tightened border controls, whereas the PSOE focuses on the rights and welfare of migrants already living in Spain. The adoption of the "Africa" plan (2006-2008) heralds a new diplomatic perspective of Spain in Africa. Moreover, NGOs, associations and even the Spanish government are committed, each in its field of competence, to the process of integration of black Africans in Spain. Nowadays, this phenomenon puts Spain in partnership with Africa in the economic, social, and political fields
17
Dianka, Daouda Bazin Marcel. "La migration internationale féminine individuelle à partir du Sénégal vers la France le cas des Fatou-Fatou /". Reims : [s.n.], 2008. http://scdurca.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000971.pdf.
18
ANKI, LARBI. "Migrations maghrebines : aspects psychiatriques, cliniques, psychologiques et sociaux". Reims, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988REIMM043.
19
Anonyuo-Nwaenyi, Felicia Chigozie. "Beyond the economic impetus for migration pre-migration cognitions, subjectivities and occidentalisms in the African postcolony /". [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0024984.
20
Castagnone, E. ""Building a comprehensive framework of African migration patterns: the case of migration between Senegal and Europe"". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/160858.
Abstract (sommario):
Migration theories, which guided prior research, have been predominantly based on static dichotomous categorizations. In particular most research has been guided by assumptions conceiving migration primarily as: 1) a one-off move from a departure country “A” to a destination country “B”; 2) directed to Europe (revealing a strong Eurocentric bias); 3) entailing a permanent settlement; 4) and with little or no spontaneous return from Europe to origin countries. According to this logic, previous research concentrated almost exclusively on specific phases of the migration process (settlement and integration in destination countries; temporary returns and circulation between sending and receiving countries; permanent return in origin countries) or on their effect on sending and receiving countries.
Furthermore, available data on migration are few, weakly comparable and fail to capture the longitudinal character of migration. These limitations particularly apply to migration from sub-Saharan Africa, where the diversification and growing complexity of migratory flows, rather than an increase in volume (as conveyed by public opinion and the media) has been the most significant change in the last decades. In addition to conceptual problems, this lack of data prevents gaining an improved understanding into the complex and rapidly changing dynamics of African migrations.
The aim of the PhD research is to fill these conceptual and empirical gaps by analyzing migration trajectories as 1) complex mobility systems, conceiving migration as a continuous process that develops over migrants’ lives through different phases and steps; 2) from the origin country, through intermediate-transit and destination ones 3) studying the extent of mobility within the EU 4) and including (short and long-term) circulation and permanent returns to origin country. Following these principles, the theoretical and empirical objective of the study is to identify and to analyze the main migration patterns between Africa and Europe, through a longitudinal analysis of their complex composition, geographical extent and changing nature over time.
The research draws on the MAFE dataset, which provides a unique opportunity to empirically pursue this research objective. The MAFE Senegal project yielded a new individual biographic data set in 2008, through comparables surveys in both sending (Senegal) and receiving countries (France, Italy, Spain) among both documented and undocumented migrants. MAFE data are: 1) multi-topic (various aspects of the respondents' lives are covered by the questionnaires, including work experience, family formation, residential mobility, legal status, etc.); 2) multi-level (meso and macro comparable data in four surveyed countries are associated to individual-micro data on migrants); 3) longitudinal (through retrospective data) 4) transnational (collected and giving account for both sending and receiving countries). The unique nature of this dataset allows to undertake innovative research on complex structure of individuals’ migration.
By investigating the individual migrants’ trajectories, the research focuses in particular on “transits” and “temporary returns”. The analysis showed the increasing crucial role of interconnectivity played by these forms of mobility between West African and European migration systems.
Finally, by analyzing the intersections of the different mobility structures (linear, step-wise and circular) and geographical areas (sub-Saharan Africa, North Africa and Europe) in which Senegalese migration develops, the research finally elaborates a typology of the main patterns of mobility between Africa and Europe and outlines the profiles of migrants who undertake different mobility patterns.
21
Diop, Mor. "Migration et prostitution : la prostitution comme étape dans les parcours de migration de femmes d'Afrique subsaharienne vers la France et l'Allemagne". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAG025.
Abstract (sommario):
L’objectif de cette thèse est de comprendre d’une part, le parcours migratoire de femmes d’Afrique subsaharienne vers l’Europe et, d’autre part, leur entrée dans la prostitution, c’est-à-dire les raisons et les facteurs qui les poussent à prendre la décision d’exercer la prostitution. Dans ce travail, j’ai mené une étude empirique avec une méthodologie qualitative basée sur la rencontre, l’échange et la coproduction de savoirs. Des récits de vie ont été réalisés avec des femmes venant principalement de l’Afrique subsaharienne, exerçant ou ayant exercé dans le milieu de la prostitution durant leur parcours migratoire en Allemagne ou en France. Dans l'ensemble, il s'agit d'analyser les tendances qui émergent à partir de cette enquêteThe objective of this thesis is to understand, on the one hand, the migratory trajectory of women from sub-Saharan Africa to Europe and, on the other hand, their entry into prostitution, that is to say, the reasons and factors that were responsible for them making the decision go into prostitution. For this study, I carried out an empirical project using a qualitative methodology based on the encounter, exchange and co-production of knowledge. Individual life stories were shared by women mainly from sub-Saharan Africa, working or having worked in the field of prostitution during their migratory journeys to Germany or to France. Overall, the goal is to analyze the trends that emerge from this study
22
Ojong, Vivian Besem A. "Entrepreneurship and Identity among a group of Ghanaian women in Durban (South Africa)". Thesis, University of Zululand, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10530/199.
Abstract (sommario):
Thesis submitted for the fulfilment of the degree of
Doctor of Philosophy,in the Department of Anthropology and Development Studies at the University of Zululand, 2005.African migrant entrepreneurship is fast becoming an increasingly important part of discourses of African migration to South Africa. This field of study is new in South Africa, because African women’s transnational activities have been neglected until now in studies on African entrepreneurship in South Africa. As Ghanaian women in South Africa through their entrepreneurial activities provided the background through which this researcher has initiated a discursive space, it has paved the way for Ghanaian transnational entrepreneurship to become an intellectual field. It is hoped that this study will become a starting point from which African women’s cross-border engagements can be viewed. Interrogating entrepreneurship through ‘cultural lenses’, this study reveals that the drive to succeed entrepreneurially and the spirit of entrepreneurship lie within certain groups of people, since they are embedded in peoples’ culture. Thus Ghanaian women have a high propensity to be engaged in entrepreneurial activities, even when they are living ans working in other countries. This study hopes to demonstrate that a shared culture facilitates entrepreneurial performance. The thesis has explored how their identity as Ghanaians in South Africa promotes their ability to succeed. This is because in post-apartheid South Africa, being a Ghanaian woman is being interpreted by South African blacks as knowing how to dress hair professionally. The findings indicate that although being first generation migrants, these women have developed hybrid and cosmopolitan identities in the manner in which they carry out their entrepreneurial activities. This has been facilitated by the researcher’s attempt to locate the women’s entrepreneurial activities within a historical context of identity formation and the contemporary melange of their identity in South Africa. The evidence suggests that there exists a symbiotic relationship between being a Ghanaian woman in South Africa and the tendency to succeed entrepreneurially, especially in the field of hair dressing. Their ‘maniere de fait’ allows them to be defined as a group of successful entrepreneurs. These women are also desperate to succeed because they are expected to send remittances home to their families and friends and also to participate in community projects in Ghana. Success is primarily judged by the assets they have acquired back in Ghana and their ability to bring family members to join them in the diaspora. These Ghanaian women are succeeding in this sector because after the fall of apartheid, hair care has become a major indicator of modernity for black South African women. This entrepreneurial area that these women have gotten into is one that has considerable opportunities for growth because black women after apartheid are earning more money and they want to spend that money on their appearance. The best way to show that they are modern is by keeping up with the latest hairstyles. This research has demonstrated that Ghanaian women’s entrepreneurship is producing benefits for South Africa. Coming from a system of apartheid where black South African women were not given the opportunity of knowing how to dress hair in what seems like western fashion, Ghanaian women have brought in these hairdressing skills and transmitted them to South Africans. These skills are being used by these South Africans as a source of both social development and economic empowerment. By providing employment to some South Africans (who before their encounter with Ghanaians were unemployed because of lack of skills), they are not only transmitting skills but providing for the daily needs of entire families. This sort of contribution by Ghanaians to the economy of South Africa is rewarding and represents a sufficient opportunity for recognition by the South African government. The study also reveals that in transnationalism, gender becomes unimportant. While the opportunistic tendency of migrants is given ‘the front seat’, gender is given ‘the back seat’. Through the need to migrate and the opportunistic tendency of migrants, hairdressing has produced a distinct social place in which Ghanaian men have hijacked a cultural space which had been a female domain as they have become hairdressers in South Africa as well as Ghanaian women. This research has also shown that religion and entrepreneurship are ‘bedfellows’. This is demonstrated by the fact that Ghanaian women believe that Christianity lies in the shadows of their business activities. Therefore, they see their businesses as a way of carrying out God’s redemptive plan and as one of God’s divine plans for them which gives significance to what they do. These values have been transmitted through different structures like schools and churches in Ghana and forms part of the socialisation process for children. When people who come from Ghana grow up, it becomes difficult for them to distance themselves from these values.
23
Gabrielli, Lorenzo. "La construction de la politique d’immigration espagnole : ambiguïtés et ambivalences à travers le cas des migrations ouest-africaines". Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR40014/document.
Abstract (sommario):
Ce travail analyse la construction de la politique d’immigration en Espagne à travers le cas desmigrations ouest-africaines, un révélateur privilégié des ambiguïtés et ambivalences qui latraversent. Dans le contexte du retournement des flux migratoires qui transforme l’Espagne en unedestination de plus en plus importante, nous abordons la mise en place compliquée d’une politiquenationale qui, dès sa naissance en 1985, doit conjuguer les obligations européennes et les intérêtsinternes. Nous étudions comment la virulente politisation de la question migratoire, en 2000,constitue un moment clé dans le développement de la politique espagnole, en modifiant d’abord leprocessus d’européanisation. L’Espagne, qui initialement est un récepteur passif de normes etpratiques européennes, se transforme ainsi en une actrice clé dans l’UE en matière d’immigration,tant par son adhésion à la sécurisation de l’immigration, que par son rôle dans le processusd’internationalisation des enjeux, où son action vis-à-vis du continent africain devient unarchétype. Nous analysons ainsi le développement du volet extérieur de la politique espagnole qui,par une focalisation exacerbée sur les flux subsahariens, impulse une diffusion poussée des enjeuxmigratoires dans les rapports avec l’Afrique. La réévaluation et revalorisation des relations del’Espagne avec le Maroc, en tant qu’espace de transit des flux, et le réengagement conséquent enAfrique de l’Ouest, à la suite du Plan Afrique, témoignent du rôle du continent africain commeterrain d’expression privilégié de l’externalisation du contrôle des flux. Le décryptage de cerégime euro-africain des migrations en essor, ainsi que de sa négociation, permet de saisir enprofondeur les conséquences et les effets collatéraux de cette politiqueThis project aims to analyse the development of Spanish immigration policy through the caseof West African migrations which significantly reveals the ambiguous and ambivalent nature ofthe policy. In the context of migratory flows reversal, Spain has become an increasingly importantdestination for immigrants, so I wish to address the complicated implementation of a nationalpolicy which, from its birth in 1985, has had to reconcile EU obligations with internal interests. Ishall look at how the virulent politicisation of immigration issues in 2000 not only represents akey moment in the development of Spanish policy, but Europeanization process as well. Thesignificance of this is that Spain, a country which was at first a passive recipient of Europeannorms and practices, steadily became a central actor in the key debates and issues surroundingimmigration in the EU. These include the Spanish alignment to the securitisation process ofimmigration as well as becoming a model in the internationalisation of immigration policythrough its action towards the African continent. I will also analyse the development of theexternal dimension of Spanish policy, which through an exacerbated focus on sub-Saharanimmigration leads to a widespread effect of the migratory issues in its dealings with Africa. Thereassessment and consequent improvement of Spanish relations with Morocco was a crucialmoment due to the country’s strategic importance as a “transit zone” to Europe. This trendcontinued with the consequent re-engagement in West Africa following the Africa Plan which Ibelieve reflects the role of the African continent as a privileged field of expression towards theexternalisation of migratory flows control. The deciphering of this emerging Euro-Africanframework of migration governance and its negotiation help us to fully comprehend theconsequences and collateral effects of this policy
24
Schroeder, Hannes. "African slavery and forced migration to Barbados : an isotopic perspective". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.508653.
25
Della, Savia Roy. "Migration of Canadian and South African knowledge workers / Savia R.D". Thesis, North-West University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/8093.
Abstract (sommario):
South Africa is a country of great diversity. Different climate zones and a host of
different habitats make South Africa the perfect platform for rich floral diversity. This
floral diversity lends itself to the study of natural products by discovering new natural
drugs that can be used in the treatment of many illnesses.
Studies into the antioxidant properties of plants that are used in traditional medicine
are an important aspect of research to determine the rationale of the use of plants by
traditional healers.
Many neurodegenerative diseases, like epilepsy, Parkinson s and Alzheimer s
diseases, are linked to oxidative stress. Antioxidants could play a major role as
neuroprotective agents and could alter the progression of these diseases.
Epilepsy is one of the world s most prevalent central nervous system disorders and
affects more than seventy per one thousand children in South Africa. Most of these
cases are people in rural areas of South Africa where communities rely on the use of
traditional medicine.
Cotyledon orbiculata L. var orbiculata (Haw.) DC. is widely used in traditional
medicine to treat epilepsy and other central nervous system disorders. The need to
screen these plants for activity and toxicity is very important to understand the
complex mechanism of action in the treatment of patients.
In this study the methanol extract and three different fractions of the methanol extract
of Cotyledon orbiculata were used to test for antioxidant activity and toxicity towards
neuroblastoma cells.
The freeze dried leaves of Cotyledon orbiculata were extracted with methanol using
a Soxhlet apparatus. The concentrated extracts were analysed using HPLC (high
pressure liquid chromatography) and three major peaks were selected for isolation.
Three assays were performed to assess the antioxidant activity and toxicity of the
isolated compounds.
The thiobarbituric acid assay (TBA) quantifies the extent of the inhibition of lipid
peroxidation in rat brain homogenates by the isolated fractions.
All of the samples were able to attenuate lipid peroxidation as seen from the results
obtained from the TBA assay. The methanol extract showed the best attenuation of
lipid peroxidation in the rat brain homogenate with fraction 1 and 2 showing greater
attenuation of lipid peroxidation than fraction 3.
The nitroblue tetrazolium assay (NBT) quantifies the ability of the fractions to
scavenge superoxide radicals in a rat brain homogenate.
All samples were able to scavenge superoxide radicals as indicated by the NBT
assay. The methanol extract showed the best superoxide scavenging abilities in the
assay whereas fraction 1 showed better scavenging abilities than fraction 2 and 3.
The 3–(4,5–dimethylthiazol–2–yl)–2,5–diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay (MTT)
indicates the toxicity of the fractions towards neuroblastoma cells.
The methanol extract and fraction 2 in the highest concentration of 10 mg/ml were
the only samples that showed toxicity towards neuroblastoma cells.
The molecular structure of a compound from fraction 2 was determined by using
nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), infrared spectroscopy (IR), and
mass spectroscopy (MS). This compound was identified as diethyl malate. Diethyl
malate is an artefact that is generated in HPLC procedures in the presence of malic
acid (which naturally occurs in the leaves of Cotyledon orbiculata) and ethanol.
The methanol extract of Cotyledon orbiculata has high antioxidant activity and could
be due to the presence of malic acid in the leaves of the plant. The rationale in the
use of Cotyledon orbiculata in the treatment of epilepsy could not be determined due
to the isolation of an artefact, diethyl malate, obtained from the fraction.
Further research should include methods to prevent artefact formation and
purification of the samples that are obtained.Thesis (MA (Sociology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.
26
Kuparinen, Eero. "An African alternative : Nordic migration to South Africa 1815-1914 /". Helsinki : Finnish historical society, 1991. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb36655066d.
27
Kohlhagen, Dominik. "Diasporas africaines et mondes du droit : une anthropologie juridique d'une migration entre Douala et Berlin". Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010353.
Abstract (sommario):
Ce travail s'interroge sur la manière dont se définissent des actes et relations socialement sanctionnés comme obligatoires - et de ce fait qualifiés de juridiques - parmi un groupe de migrants africains. En précisant les contours des différents mondes au sein desquels interagissent les migrants, il entend rendre compte de la pluralité des cadres référentiels mobilisés et des conditions souvent imprévisibles dans lesquelles émerge le phénomène juridique. La première partie s'intéresse plus particulièrement aux moments de transgression et de réinvention en relevant le caractère partiellement contestataire ou « clandestin » des départs en migration observés, ainsi que la nature imaginaire des projections des migrants sur l'après-migration. La deuxième partie décrit comment le groupe cible interagit au quotidien avec son environnement social et parvient à concilier la marginalité apparente de son rapport au droit avec les réalités juridiques dominantes. La troisième partie s'efforce à dégager les spécificités des solutions identifiées en en questionnant le caractère composite et en soulignant la part active revenant aux migrants dans leur manière de façonner les rapports juridiques. A travers l'analyse proposée, l'étude met en exergue le caractère réducteur du regard habituellement privilégié sur le droit, occultant la nature pluraliste et dynamique du phénomène juridique tel qu'il se donne à lire dans les pratiques observéesBased on an empirical rather than normative understanding ofwhat is "Iegal", this dissertation questions the way socially sanctioned actions and relations are defined amongst a group of Mrican migrants. By identifying the different worlds within which the migrants interact, it aims at showing the plurality of social rationalities at stake and the unpredictability of the processes involved when it cornes to understanding the legal phenomenon
28
Dimkpa, Princewill. "Africa-Europe Migration : A Qualitative Analysis of Nigerian Migration to Europe via the Libya-Mediterranean Route". Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Afrikanska studier, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-31322.
Abstract (sommario):
This thesis examines the migration saga of Nigerians who follow the Libya-Mediterranean route to Europe and ended up in Sweden. With the use of Everret Lee’s Push and Pull theory as framework, this thesis provides a qualitative analysis of the reasons why Nigerian migrants choose to follow the Libya-Mediterranean route to Europe, how they ended up in Sweden, and why they choose to seek asylum in Sweden but not other countries in Europe. The study also discusses the Swedish migration and asylum policy in relation to Nigerian migrants. Through the use of interviews, first-hand information was obtained from four Nigerian migrants who had plied the Libya-Mediterranean route to Europe and agreed to participate in this study. The results of this study show that political instability, economic crisis, terrorism, insecurity, and stringent laws against homosexuality are all factors that could make some Nigerians migrate to Europe for a better life via the Libya-Mediterranean route.
29
Pidoux, Stéphane. "Une approche systémique des mouvements migratoires ouest-africains". Thesis, Troyes, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021TROY0022.
Abstract (sommario):
La recherche s’inscrit dans une démarche scientifique et sociologique visant à révéler le facteur principal poussant un ressortissant ouest-africain à quitter son pays et à analyser ses interactions avec d’autres déterminants migratoires. Un examen dans le temps et dans l’espace des mouvements de population, volontaires ou forcés, de la sous-région montre que la mobilité ouest-africaine est en profonde mutation et qu’elle impacte largement les pays extra-régionaux et notamment les Etats de l’Union européenne.Une présentation des théories migratoires démontre que l’analyse des flux ne peut s’effectuer que dans un cadre multidisciplinaire et transversal. Une enquête de terrain forte de 18 entretiens, sa confrontation avec d’autres données et son examen permettent de révéler que le facteur prédominant déclenchant le processus migratoire porte sur une raison économique. Partant de ce facteur, une analyse minutieuse de son interaction avec les autres facteurs établis lors de l’enquête souligne que le « milieu » influe sur le facteur principal déclenchant la migration. Un examen détaillé des principaux déterminants autorise ensuite la modélisation, sous forme d’un graphe d’influence, du processus décisionnel propre à la migration ouest-africaine. Cette action met en évidence l’importance de trois dynamiques sous-jacentes portant sur les sources d’information, la précarité économique et les relations entre l’Etat et les filières d’immigration clandestine, dont l’Etat représente le point commun unique faisant de celui-ci un pivot dans le processus décisionnelThe research is part of a scientific and sociological approach aimed at revealing the main factor pushing a West African national to leave his or her country and at analyzing its interactions with other migratory determinants. An examination in time and space of voluntary or forced population movements in the sub-region shows that West African mobility is undergoing deep changes and that it has a major impact on extra-regional countries, particularly the European Union member states. A presentation of migration theories highlights that the analysis of migratory flows can only be carried out within a multidisciplinary and cross-cutting framework. A field survey of 18 interviews, additional data, and its examination reveal that the predominant factor triggering the migration process is economic. Starting from this factor, a careful analysis of its interaction with the other factors established during the survey underlines that the "environment" influences the main factor triggering migration. A detailed examination of the main determinants then allows the modeling of the decision-making process specific to West African migration in the form of an influence graph. This action highlights the importance of three underlying dynamics relating to sources of information, economic insecurity, and the relationship between the state and smuggling of migrants, of which the state represents the single common point, making it a pivot in the decision-making process
30
Filippi, Isabelle. "Une enquete medico-sociale aupres des personnes agees issues de la migration maghrebine a marseille". Aix-Marseille 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX20347.
31
Burgen, Benjamin Ryan. "The social and economic implications of migration case study of a Soninke village in Mauritania /". Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2008. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Fall2008/b_burgen_012809.pdf.
Abstract (sommario):
Thesis (M.A. in anthropology)--Washington State University, December 2008.Title from PDF title page (viewed on June 30, 2009). "Department of Anthropology." Includes bibliographical references (p. 152-160).
32
CUNHA, HIGOR HEBERT FRANCA DA. "CROSSING BORDERS AND BODIES: THE SECURITIZATION OF AFRICAN MIGRATION IN ISRAEL". PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2017. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=36384@1.
Abstract (sommario):
PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
PROGRAMA DE EXCELENCIA ACADEMICA
Esta pesquisa visa a analisar os processos de criminalização da migração africana em Israel, a partir do estudo das políticas do atual governo do primeiro-ministro Benjamin Nentanyahu, eleito em 2009 e no poder até os dias em que essa pesquisa foi escrita, em 2017. Defende-se que o Estado de Israel, constituído sob os conceitos estruturais de nação, diferença e fronteira, em tempos de crises e de exacerbação de discursos identitários e de pertencimento, eleva estas características no intuito de reforçar Israel como o lar e o propósito de existência do povo Judeu, criminalizando e despolitizando todo aquele outro entendido como ameaça. Entre os outros, destacam-se os migrantes africanos, foco deste trabalho, rotulados de ilegais – ou de acordo com os próprios discursos políticos israelenses, the infiltrators. Entendidos como uma ameaça que desestruturaria a identidade política (Estado), os migrantes seriam o reflexo de um sistema desigual e não-universal – porém dito como internacional e democrático -, que necessita reforçar-se a todo o momento como uma instituição sólida que protege os seus cidadãos e a sua identidade – em outras palavras, a sua razão de existência. Desta forma, esta dissertação tem como objetivo explorar o processo de criminalização da migração africana, alimentado pelo governo israelense do primeiro-ministro Benjamin Netanyahu, como manifestação de processos estruturais de reificação de diferenças e práticas de afirmação de identidade nacional inerentes ao funcionamento do sistema internacional de Estados.
This research aims to trace the criminalization of African migration into Israel, taking as a case study the immigration policies adopted by Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, elected in 2009. It will be argued that the State of Israel, built under the structural concepts of nation, difference and borders, in times of crisis and exacerbation of identity speeches, would raise these fundamental characteristics aiming to reinforce Israel as the homeland and the purpose of the Jewish people, criminalizing and depoliticizing all others seen as a menace to this process. Among the others, the thesis highlights the condition of African migrants, labeled illegal – or according to Israelis politicians, the infiltrators. Seen as a menace whom would deconstruct the political identity (the State), the migrants would be the reflection of a uneven and non-democratic system, nevertheless expressed as universal and democratic, which needs to reinforce itself as an solid institution which protects its citizens and its identity – in other words, it s purpose of existence. Therefore, this work aims to research: how the processes of criminalization of the African migration by the Israeli government of Prime-minister Benjamin Netanyahu might reflect the uneven and structural processes inherent of the international system of States?
33
Lekogo, Rodolf E. "The dynamics of Francophone African migration to Cape Town after 1994". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/898.
Abstract (sommario):
Thesis (DPhil (Sociology))--Stellenbosch University, 2008.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The purpose of this thesis is to investigate a group of Francophone African migrants in Cape Town during the decade following the end of the apartheid era. The focus of the thesis, however, is on the reasons why French-speaking Africans leave their countries of origin, the reasons for coming to South Africa, and finally the reasons why within South Africa, they decide to settle in Cape Town, with a particular accent put on the integration of these migrants into the local society. The thesis considers legal migrants, students, refugees and extra-legals as the four categories of migrants according to theoretical frameworks. A brief overview of selected theories of international migration is considered to provide a framework for the Francophone African migration to Cape Town. The theoretical causes of Francophone African migration are viewed through both theories on the initiation of migration and theories of the perpetuation of migration. Apart from the theoretical synopsis, the data on which this study is based are derived from both qualitative and quantitative methodological approaches. Alongside secondary sources, a series of interviews, based on categories of migrants and gender, were conducted in Cape Town, Johannesburg and Pretoria in South Africa, as well as in Libreville in Gabon. In-depth interviews and focus-groups aimed at collecting information concerning the three main questions of the study. The reasons for the departure of Francophone Africans from their countries of origin are complex and mainly depend on the categories of migrants. As far as legal migrants and students are concerned, economic, political, social and academic paralysis, career prospects and the desire to pursue studies are the main reasons. As for refugees and extralegals, armed conflicts, environmental catastrophes, economic and social deterioration and social capital seem to be the main causes. Since 1994, South Africa has claimed a strong leadership role on the continent because of its economic and political strengths. Educational infrastructure, the language factor and social capital are also reasons why migrants choose South Africa as a host country. The settlement in Cape Town depends on various factors, including the consideration of the city as first choice, safety concerns in other South African cities, the inability to settle in other cities, particularly Johannesburg, and social networks. French language seems to be a common language identity linking various ethnic groups residing in Francophone Africa. However, once migrants have established themselves in Cape Town, their ethnic, religious or political identities prevail. The thesis analyses the settlement of migrants in Cape Town by pointing out the complexities of migrant life in a case study of each category considered.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis het ten doel om ‘n groep Franssprekende Afrika migrante in Kaapstad, in die dekade wat direk op die einde van die apartheidsera gevolg het, te ondersoek. Die tesis fokus op die redes waarom Franssprekende Afrikane hulle land van oorsprong verlaat, die redes waarom hulle na Suid-Afrika kom en, laastens, die redes waarom hulle in Suid-Afrika besluit om in Kaapstad te bly – die klem is spesifiek op die integrasie van die migrante binne die plaaslike gemeenskap. Na aanleiding van die teoretiese raamwerke wat vir die studie oorweeg word, neem die tesis wettige migrante, studente, vlugtelinge en onwettige migrante as die vier kategorieë van migrante, in ag. ’n Bondige oorsig van uitgesoekte teorieë vir internasionale migrasie word as raamwerk vir die Franssprekende Afrikane se migrasie na Kaapstad oorweeg. Die teoretiese oorsake vir Franssprekende Afrikane se migrasie word deur beide die teorieë vir die inisiasie vir migrasie en die teorieë vir die bestendiging vir migrasie beoordeel. Naas die teoretiese sinopsis, word die data waarop hierdie studie gebaseer is, van beide kwalitatiewe en kwantitatiewe metodologiese benaderinge afgelei. Aanvullend tot die sekondêre bronne, is daar ook ‘n reeks onderhoude, gebaseer op kategorieë van migrante en geslag, in Kaapstad, Johannesburg en Pretoria in Suid-Afrika asook in Libreville in Gabon, gevoer – in diepte onderhoude en fokusgroepe met die doel om inligting rakende die drie hoofkwessies van die studie in te win. Die redes vir die emigrasie van Franssprekende Afrikane uit hulle oorsprongsland is kompleks en hang grotendeels saam met die kategorieë van migrante. Wat die wettige migrante en studente aanbetref is ekonomiese, politieke, sosiale en akademiese magteloosheid, loopbaan vooruitsigte en die begeerte vir die nastreef van studies, die hoofredes. Vir vlugtelinge en onwettige migrante blyk die hoofoorsake dié van gewapende konflik, natuurrampe, ekonomiese en sosiale agteruitgang en sosiale kapitaal te wees. Sedert 1994, het Suid-Afrika, weens haar ekonomiese en politieke vermoëns, ’n sterk leierskapsrol op die kontinent uitgeoefen. Opvoedkundige infrastrukture, die taalkwessie en sosiale kapitaal is nog redes waarom migrante Suid-Afrika as gasheerland uitsonder. Vestiging in Kaapstad hang van verskeie redes af, insluitende die inagneming van die stad as eerste keuse, veiligheidsaspekte in ander Suid-Afrikaanse stede en die onvermoë om in ander stede gevestig te word. Die klem in hierdie verband rus veral op Johannesburg en sosiale netwerke. Frans as taal skyn ‘n algemene identiteit te wees wat verskeie etniese groepe in Franssprekende Afrika met mekaar verbind. Tog is dit hulle etniese, godsdienstige en politieke identiteit wat gehandhaaf word sodra migrante hulself in Kaapstad gevestig het. Die tesis analiseer ook die vestiging van migrante in Kaapstad deur die kompleksiteite binne die leeftydsmigrasie van ’n gevallestudie vir elke kategorie in ag te neem.
34
Partridge, Andrew. "Rural-urban migration and subjective well-being the South African experience". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5716.
Abstract (sommario):
This paper gives a detailed account of rural-urban migration in South Africa. Using data from the recent National Income and Dynamics Study (NIDS) it defines the determinants and nature of rural-urban migration in South Africa before providing a thorough analysis of changes in a range of economic and social factors that individuals experience when they leave their rural homes and relocate to the country’s urban areas. These factors include income, housing standards, access to utilities, relative deprivation, interpersonal trust, crime and safety, physical health and depression. In particular the paper looks at subjective well-being, defined in terms of individuals self-reported satisfaction with life.
35
Mavodza, Constancia. "Gender analysis: Sub-Saharan African nurses' migration experiences - a systematic review". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25456.
Abstract (sommario):
Alleviating the global shortage of health workers, particularly nurses, is critical for health systems and health worker performance. Nurses are mostly women and make up the majority of the health workforce. Several factors have been identified as key players in the shortage crisis and migration is one of these factors. Nurses' migration from Sub Saharan Africa (SSA) increases the nurse shortage in the region and further constraints the already struggling health systems. Migration literature has dominantly focused on macro push-pull, brain drain and ethics theories of migration with limited exploration of relationships, interaction, norms, beliefs and values shaping migration trajectories and decisions. Despite the potential role of gender as an influential component of migration trajectories, there has been little research done to investigate gender in the context of migration of SSA nurses. This review aims to identify, describe, and summarize SSA nurses' migration experiences by assessing the influence of gender on these experiences. The dissertation is organized into 3 parts. Part A is a systematic review protocol that describes the background, justification and methodology of the review. A scoping exercise is conducted to to familiarize with the literature. This is followed by a qualitative systematic approach is utilised and the literature in eight databases is searched using key words and terms derived from an initial scoping exercise and the review questions. Suitable articles are defined and selected using a set inclusion and exclusion criteria. The suitable articles are then appraised and a thematic analysis using a gender focal lens is applied to them. Part B is a literature review of existing primary and theoretical research on health worker shortages; migration and gender analysis in health worker migration and shortages. It provides a background for the systematic review by defining migration, gender and gender analysis as well as presenting the scope on health worker and nurse shortages. The literature review encompasses the scoping exercise and concludes on the relevance of a gender-focused research on nurse migration. Part C. is the full systematic review presented as an article for Human Resources for Health Journal. Articles published on Sub-Saharan African (SSA) nurses' migration experiences between 2005 and 2016 are presented, subjected to a gender analysis to illuminate the results. The discussion and conclusion then follow. The results indicate that there is a paucity of empirical work on nurse migration experiences that is explicitly gender-focused. Gender analysis that is situated in social contexts and identifiers revealed that SSA nurses continuously renegotiate and reconfigure gender roles in child care as they move from one social context to another. Moreover migrating SSA nurse face challenges and limitations at macro, meso and micro levels of the system- that are linked to their identities as either professionals, African migrants and/or women. Therefore, the review underscores the importance of the relationships between gender and local/individual nuances and global/national determinants of migration. However, these studies are limited in their explicit gender and social focus and how it contextually affects health worker performance and quality care provision. More empirical studies are needed to investigate gender influences for migrating male nurses; nurses who remain; and by different geographical & cultural region – to allow comparison across different groups of nurses and determine conceptual generalizations for doing gender research. This dissertation will likely increase understanding of the role of gender in migration decision-making and experiences for SSA nurses across different professional, migrant and woman identities. This understanding has impacts on nurse motivation, capacity and capability as well quality care provision. Additionally, the dissertation provides a better understanding for incorporating gender analysis in health systems research, and also identifies avenues for future research.
36
Siby, Jean-Romuald. "Deuil et rites funéraires en situation de migration : cas des endeuillés africains en France". Amiens, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AMIE0026.
Abstract (sommario):
Tout au long de la vie, la mort nous trouble: les accidents, les maladies, la succession naturelle des générations suffisent à la placer, souvent, sur notre chemin. A travers la situation d'immigration, nous essayons dans cette recherche, de parler de la mort dans une perspective transculturelle. Il s'agit de montrer comment la mort est vécue et célébrée de manière spécifique par les immigrés africains, de voir comment la culture aficaine de la mort s'exprime ici en France, de saisir les intéractions culturelles par le biais des rites funéraires. Se pencher sur la psychopathologie du migrant africain en situation de deuil est une vaste question qui a été très peu abordée. Pour mener à bien cette recherche, nous avons eu recours aux champs de l'anthropologie, de la psychologie , de la sociologie et de la philosophie. Cette pluridisciplinarité devrait permettre d'animer et d'enrichir le débatDeath disturbs us all life long: accidents, diseases, the natural succession of generations are enough to put it on our ways. Throughout a specific context of immigration, we try in this study, to deal with death from a transcultural point of view. The point is to show how death is experienced and treated in a pspecific way by African immigrants, to see how African death culture expresses itself here in France, to seize the cultural interactions by the means of the funeral rites. Considering the psychopathology of the African migrant in mourning situation is a vast question which was not studied well enough. With such a goal, we resort to the fields of anthropology, sociology, philosophy and psychology. . . To try and open the debate
37
Ukiru, Judi Minage. "Acculturation experience of Africa immigrants in the United States of American". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2002. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2127.
Abstract (sommario):
The conclusions extracted from this research project show that little research has been done on social issues presented by the African immigrant to America. Those charged with public welfare research and intervention must develop tools and strategies necessary to assess the needs of African immigrants, to facilitate their improved adjustment to their environment. African immigrants in the United States can benefit from similar research designs and resources accorded to the Latino and Asian populations.
38
Koné, Ténon. "Représentation du migrant noir africain (1980-2000) dans El Metro de Donato Ndongo-Bidyogo". Perpignan, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2013PERP1234.
39
Latrèche, Abdelkader. "La migration internationale des étudiants : cas des étudiants maghrébins en France". Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010631.
Abstract (sommario):
La migration des étudiants maghrébins vers les universités françaises a accompagné la naissance et le développement de l'enseignement supérieur au Maghreb au point de rythmer son évolution. Ce faisant, cette migration a fini par devenir partie intégrante des programmes de développement. Aujourd'hui, avec le désengagement des états du Maghreb de la formation à l'étranger, l'apparition du chômage des diplômes et le traitement purement migratoire de ce type de migration en France -il n'est plus possible de parler de l'accueil des étudiants maghrébins sans se reporter aux problèmes des migrations internationales. Prenant appui principalement sur une enquête ayant permis de reconstituer les trajectoires des étudiants maghrébins en région parisienne on se propose de ressortir les significations de cette migration. Ambivalence des politiques d'enseignement supérieur au Maghreb ; effet des politiques de formation à l'étranger, échec des perspectives professionnelles des nouvelles vagues de diplômes et stratégies individuelles (ambiguës) et familiales se conjuguent pour favoriser la migration universitaireStudents migrations from Maghreb to french universities has accompagnied birth and developpment of higher education in maghreb and has conditionned the rythm of its evolution. Nowadays, the desengagment of Maghrebis states from study abrod, the ineployment of graduates, the treatament of that kind of migrations in france, makes it impossible to talk about reception of maghrebi students without refering to international migrations problems. The main source of this work is a survey which has essabled us to draw maghrebi students individual courses in paris. We will try to underline the signification of those migrations. Ambivalence of higher education policy in maghreb, consequences of study abroad of professional ambitions and of individual and familiy courses add up to stimulate students migrations
40
Carter, Joel Luthuli. "Return Migration of Entrepreneurs to West Africa| A Case Study from Paris, France". Thesis, The American University of Paris (France), 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=13871622.
41
Likupe, Gloria. "Motivations, migration and experiences of black African nurses in the United Kingdom". Thesis, University of Hull, 2011. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:5297.
Abstract (sommario):
This thesis explores experiences of black African nurses from sub-Saharan Africa in the UK. The exploration starts with motivational factors which cause black African nurses to migrate, as it is argued that migration trajectories have an influence on nurses’ experiences. Managers’ experiences are also explored to obtain their perspectives. A qualitative approach was used as a methodological framework. Focus groups and individual, semi-structured interviews were used to explore experiences of black African nurses working and living in the UK. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data from managers working with black African nurses. The data were analysed using Spencer, Ritchie and O’Connor’s framework. In total 30 black African nurses were interviewed, comprising 4 focus groups and 15 individual interviews. The number of managers interviewed was 10.The results indicate that black African nurses move to the UK as a result of historical, political and economic factors. However, the main factors are immigration policies and practices of the British government. Migration trajectories of black African nurses indicate that black African nurses are recruited to a subordinate position in the British National Health service; as a result, nurses are stereotyped and experience prejudice, racism anddiscrimination. Managers’ accounts largely echo black African nurses’ experiences.
42
Solberg, Eirik Futsaeter. "The contours, dynamics and impacts of African football migration to South Africa". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2129.
Abstract (sommario):
Thesis (MA (Political Science. International Studies)--Stellenbosch University, 2008.This study explores the contours, dynamics and impacts of African football migration to South Africa. It argues that there has been a change in the international political economy of sport, and that this change is affecting world football migration. In addition to the study’s primary focus on African football migration, it also reviews substantial parts of the literature concerning the phenomenon of football migration, in order to explain which dynamics characterise football migration. The thesis also accounts for the incentives that motivate African football migration to South Africa, and the impact such players have on the South African domestic elite league. The study identifies which incentives exist for promoting football cooperation in the context of Southern Africa, and how football migration patterns correlate or contrast with general migration patterns to South Africa. The study makes use of two theoretical frameworks, by Paul Darby and Joseph Maguire, to understand and explain player migration. These frameworks provide an understanding of the different aspects and structures shaping player migration, and should be interpreted as complementary and not contrasting approaches. The examination of the frameworks’ theoretical deficiencies and implications provides the basis for further research in the conclusion. The conclusion argues that there exists a need to create a new theoretical framework within which future studies can be concluded. The study is motivated by the general lack of academic research on the specific subject and migration to South Africa. The latter is suggested by the body of literature, concerning African migration to South Africa, which argues for more research on the issue to get a better understanding of the current situation. This study is based on both primary and secondary sources, the latter being represented by e.g. academic journal articles and books. In addition it was necessary to conduct fieldwork to provide answers to the research questions. The study makes use of exploratory qualitative methods in order to provide a conclusion, and to answer the research questions. It can be characterised as exploratory because it will offer new insights into a specific issue which, until now, has not been researched extensively. The analysis of the data and desktop research revealed certain trends, and provides a basis for answering the research questions. The study concludes that football migration, like conventional migration, is very complex and influenced by several interwoven factors. Hence a broad scope is crucial to understand the phenomenon correctly and not exaggerate the importance of some factors above others. In the conclusion the current position of the PSL is explained in relation to the two theoretical frameworks and the work of Pierre Lanfranchi and Matthew Taylor. It is argued that the PSL, unlike most other African leagues, has managed to cope with the ‘enduring problem of African football’, and has transformed into a commercialised, commoditised league heavily influenced by corporate interests.
43
Steiner, Christina. "Translated people, translated texts : language and migration in some contemporary African fiction". Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8100.
Abstract (sommario):
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 209-215)This thesis examines contemporary migration narratives by four African writers living in the diaspora and writing in English: Leila Aboulela and Jamal Mahjoub from the Sudan, now living in Scotland and Spain respectively and Abdulrazak Gurnah and Moyez G. Vassanji from Tanzania now residing in the UK and Canada. Focusing on how language operates in relation to both culture and identity, this study foregrounds the complexities of migration as cultural translation. Cultural translation is a concept which locates itself in postcolonial literary theory as well as translation studies. The manipulation of English in such a way as to signify translated experience is crucial in this regard. The thesis focuses on a particular angle on cultural translation for each writer under discussion: translation of Islam and the strategic use of nostalgia in Leila Aboulela's texts; translation and the production of scholarly knowledge in Jamal Mahjoub's novels; translation and storytelling in Abdulrazak Gurnah's fiction; and finally translation between the individual and old and new communities in Vassanji's work. The conclusion of the thesis brings all four writer's texts into conversation across these angles. What emerges from this discussion across the chapter boundaries is that cultural translation rests on ongoing complex processes of transformation determined by idiosyncratic factors like individual personality as well as social categories like nationality, race, class and gender. The thesis thus contributes to the understanding of migration as a common condition of the postcolonial world as well as offering a detailed look at particular travellers and their unique journeys.
44
Sokutu, Litha Buhle Zukile. "'Imfuno neeMbawelo': ambition, desire and aspiration in South African post-apartheid migration". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/22966.
Abstract (sommario):
Based on fieldwork done in the city centre of Cape Town over two months, coupled with multiple conversations that stem as far back as 2011, this dissertation explores the spirit of ambition and desire, known in Xhosa as 'imfuno'. Articulated as a unit of study, I explore the concept of imfuno and how it manifests itself in the social lives of a group of migrant labourers in Cape Town, particularly in a post-apartheid South Africa loaded with personal expectations, wants and needs. Drawing on theoretical models of covert strategy, politics of suffering and dynamics of social change, this thesis postulates that people's notions of themselves, their aspirations and life-goals are not only interconnected, but also can become driving forces that allow them to withstand and negotiate denigrating socio-economic conditions. Using Cape Town as a site of study, existing as a microcosm for the legacy of apartheid and the history of separation at large in South Africa, the thesis elaborated on notions of space, and how through examining the construction of space, claims of belonging and alterity are created. The way in which my informants were aware of this spatial planning in the city, and were able to strategize around for the purpose of finding meaning and self-actualization, forms a thematic filament in this monograph. Throughout the discussion is the idea of existing in a social system that informants clearly acknowledge as oppressive in light of recent political shifts. Each of the four chapters elaborates of the multi-contextual presence of imfuno, and how it expands and contracts as social actors' expectations mutate as larger macro structures play a role. Like many other post-colonial monographs by anthropologists such as Bank(2011), this dissertation takes a observes and analyses 'classic' works in migration studies and argues for a fluid, constantly changing discourse around the migration and mobility field in anthropology.
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Harper, Alexis V. "Dorothy West's Re-imagining of the Migration Narrative". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/83204.
Abstract (sommario):
This thesis explores Dorothy West's interpretation of the migration experience through her novel The Living is Easy. Dorothy West breaks new ground by documenting a Black female migrant's sojourn from South to North in an era in which such narratives were virtually non-existent. West seemingly rejects both a separation between North and South as well any sentiment of condemning the North or South in totality. Instead, West chooses to settle her novel in a gray area. Moreover, in refusing to condemn the South, Dorothy West redeems the South from oversimplified negative assumptions of the region. My interpretation of Dorothy West's The Living is Easy as well as Cleo Judson both highlights West's contributions to the genre by complicating the assumptions of what a migration narrative contains by centering the migrating Black female body.Master of Arts
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Abedi-Anim, MeCherri. "Bound by Blackness: African Migration, Black Identity, and Linked Fate in Post-Civil Rights America". Thesis, University of Oregon, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/22696.
Abstract (sommario):
This dissertation explores the identity formation of Ethiopian and Nigerian immigrants, their second generation children, and native born African Americans who reside in the Seattle metropolitan area. Using boundary formation theory, I argue that African immigrants and their second generation children are developing a shared sense of Black identity and racial solidarity (linked fate) with native born African Americans. This shared Black identity is illustrated through both Africans and African Americans’ recognition of one another as racial group members, the constraints on their Black identities, and their navigation of similar institutional and political contexts. I argue that this is highly suggestive of an expansion of the Black racial boundary, and the reconstitution of Black identity in the post-Civil Rights Era.
Despite some boundary contraction within the Black racial category by some 1st generation Africans, the African 1.5 and second generation are engaging in boundary crossing particularly with African Americans through their bicultural identities. This process appears to be leading to the blurring of boundaries between the children of African immigrants and native born African Americans, especially through the 1.5 and second generations involvement and integration into African American social and professional organizations. Evidence presented in this dissertation suggests that there is a weakening of ethnic identity among the African 1.5 and second generation. This weakening of ethnic identity among the children of Ethiopians and Nigerians suggest subsequent generations of Africans born here in the United States will eventually be absorbed into an undifferentiated African American/Black category.
Keywords: Ethiopians, Nigerians, African Americans, linked fate, Black identity, Africans
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O'Neil, Patrick E. "Exercising their Freedom: The Great African-American Migration and Blacks Who Remained in the South, 1915-1920". W&M ScholarWorks, 2000. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626273.
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Moudouma, Moudouma Sydoine. "Intra- and inter-continental migrations and diaspora in contemporary African fiction". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80117.
Abstract (sommario):
Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The focus of this dissertation is the examination of the relationship between space and identity in recent narratives of migration, in contemporary African literature. Migrant narratives suggest that there is a correlation between identity formation and the types of boundaries and borders migrants engage with in their various attempts to find new homes away from their old ones. Be it voluntary or involuntary, the process of migrating from a familial place transforms the individual who has to negotiate new social formations; and tensions often accrue from the confrontation between one’s culture and the culture of the receiving society. Return migration to the supposed country of origin is an equally important trajectory dealt with in African migrant literature. The reverse narrative stipulates similar tensions between one’s diasporic culture – the culture of the diasporic space – and the culture of the homeland. Thus, intra- and inter-continental migrations and diaspora is a bifurcated inquiry that examines both outward and return migrations. These movements reveal the ways in which Africans make sense of their Africanity and their place in the world. The concepts of “border”, “boundary” and “borderland” are useful to examine notions of difference and separation both within the nation-state and in relation to transnational, intra-African as well as inter-continental exchanges. I focus more fully on these notions in the texts that examine migrations within Africa, both outward and return movements. This study is not only interested in the physical features of borders, boundaries or borderlands, but also on their consequences for the processes of identity formation and translation, and how they can help to reveal the social and historical characteristics of diasporic formations. What undergirds much of the analysis is the assumption that the negotiation of belonging and space cannot be separated from the crossing or breaching of borders and boundaries; and that these negotiations entail attempts to enter the borderland, which is a zone of exchange, crisscrossing networks, dissolution of notions of singularity and exclusive identities.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die fokus van hierdie proefskrif is ‘n ondersoek na die verhouding tussen ruimte en identiteit in onlangse migrasie-narratiewe in kontemporêre Afrika-literatuur. Migrasienarratiewe dui op ’n korrelasie tussen identiteitsvorming en die soorte skeidings en grense waarmee migrante gemoeid raak in hulle onderskeie pogings om nuwe tuistes weg van die oues te vind. Hetsy willekeurig of gedwonge, die migrasieproses weg van ’n familiale plek verander die individu wat nuwe sosiale formasies moet oorkom, en spanning neem dikwels toe weens die konfrontasie tussen die eie kultuur en dié van die ontvangersamelewing. Migrasie terug na die sogenaamde land van herkoms is net so ’n belangrike onderwerp in Afrika-migrasieliteratuur. Die terugkeernarratief stipuleer dat daar ooreenkomstige spanning heers tussen ’n persoon se diasporiese kultuur – die kultuur van die diaspora-ruimte – en die kultuur van die land van oorsprong. Die ondersoek na intra- en interkontinentale migrasies en diasporas is dus ’n tweeledige proses wat uitwaartse sowel as terugkerende migrasies beskou. Hierdie bewegings openbaar die ware maniere waarop Afrikane sin maak uit hulle Afrikaniteit en hulle plek in die wêreld. Die konsepte van “grens”, “grenslyn” en “grensgebied” is nuttig wanneer die begrippe van verskil en verwydering ondersoek word binne die nasiestaat asook in verhouding tot transnasionale, intra-Afrika en interkontinentale wisseling. Ek fokus meer volledig op hierdie begrippe in die tekste wat ondersoek instel na migrasie binne Afrika, beide uitwaartse en terugkerende bewegings. Hierdie studie gaan nie net oor die fisiese kenmerke van grense, grenslyne en grensgebiede nie, maar bestudeer ook die gevolge daarvan op die prosesse van identiteitsvorming en vertaling, en die manier waarop hulle kan help om die sosiale en historiese eienskappe van diasporiese formasies te openbaar. ’n Groot deel van die analise word ondersteun deur die aanname dat die onderhandeling tussen tuishoort en ruimte nie geskei kan word van die oorsteek of deurbreek van grense en grenslyne nie, en dat hierdie onderhandelinge lei tot pogings om die grensgebied te betree, waar die grensgebied gekenmerk word deur wisseling, kruising van netwerke en die verwording van begrippe soos sonderlingheid en eksklusiewe identiteite.
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Maro, Mkasafari Grace. "Economic impact of international labour migration on Lesotho's development, 1986-1998: towards an international labour migration policy for the Southern African region". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007496.
Abstract (sommario):
The aim of the thesis is to identify the pressures that contributed to the rise in international labour migration in Lesotho, and to investigate how these pressures are impacting upon the modernization process in the country, particularly at a time when employment opportunities are scarce in the southern African region. International labour migration has been used as a development tool throughout history, but especially in the 20th century by developing countries with dual labour markets. Newly independent developing countries with dual labour markets adapted the strategy of import substitution industrialization (lSI), with an emphasis on protecting infant industries and promoting pro-labour policies. In the post-colonial period the international demand for lowskilled workers rose, particularly in the North (developed countries), and in mineral rich countries including the oil exporters and South Africa, and the newly industrialising countries in East Asia. International labour migration to these countries was adapted as an integral development tool by the governments of the lSI countries. Most migrants were low-skilled and temporary workers in the destination countries. Although no multilateral institutional framework existed, usually both the sending and receiving countries adapted unilateral and bilateral migration policies to guarantee the gains from migration. Workers were thus "protected" to varying degrees under such agreements. From the 1970s, the North experienced a slowdown in the growth in demand for unskilled workers. In the 1980s, many lSI countries experienced devastating economic crises that forced them to abandon the lSI policy and adapt the export-led industrialisation (EOI) policy with an emphasis on trade liberalization. The switch from lSI to EOI in developing countries with dual labour markets led to the downsizing of public sector employment, the removal of marketing boards formally used by small-scale agricultural farmers, and the expansion of export processing zones (EPZs). These outcomes resulted in a rise in push internal migration, and international migration from these countries especially to other developing countries. At the same time, since the late 1980s, capital has acquired greatly enhanced mobility at the global level. The adaptation of EOI and the full mobility of capital at the global level altered the institutional structure within which labour migration was governed both nationally, and internationally. At the national level stricter unilateral policies were reinforced by receiving countries for low-skilled labour, while less strict policies applied for skilled labour. These remain in operation in conjunction with the earlier bilateral agreements. At the international level, there remains a lack of policy to regulate international labour migration. Under the current enhanced mobility of capital, international migrants are thus left vulnerable. Lesotho fits this pattern. Faced with a dual economy and an abundance of semi-skilled labour, Lesotho has been a principal supplier of labour to the South Africa's mining industry since its independence. Lesotho's industrial diversification thus mirrors South Africa's industrial diversification. In the lSI phase (1968 - 1987), international labour migration became the most important tool of economic welfare generation in Lesotho. Bilateral agreements were signed in the early 1970s between Lesotho and South Africa to guarantee the gains from migration. Since the late I980s, the mining industry in South Africa began to downsize production and employment. Fewer novice miners from Lesotho were recruited to work in South Africa. The adaptation of the EOI policy in Lesotho in 1987 introduced EPZ industrialization and trade liberalization. Nevertheless, the retrenchment of mine workers from South Africa is occurring at a time when Lesotho is experiencing an employment crisis. The political independence of South Africa in 1994 was accompanied by stricter international migration policies by the new democratic government of South Africa. Most migrant workers in South Africa are thus now faced with a two-door policy (of the earlier bilateral agreements and the amendments to the Aliens Control Act). This system has left migrant workers vulnerable to exploitation by both employers and the law (police) in South Africa. Nevertheless, international migration from Lesotho to South Africa continues to expand, particularly of the new type of migration - semiskilled female workers in the services sector. At the same time, South Africa is also experiencing an employment crisis. The most important policy implications are, firstly, that migration is subject to the same "casualisation" as other work, with the effects made worse by the "statelessness" of migrants, who are most vulnerable to exploitation. Secondly, multilateralism is needed (e.g., SADC) and holistic, multilateral policies are required. It is clear that under the new global division of labour ad hoc policy towards international labour migration is ineffective.
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Dianka, Daouda. "La migration internationale féminine individuelle à partir du Sénégal vers la France : le cas des Fatou-Fatou". Reims, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008REIML010.
Abstract (sommario):
Au Sénégal, les hommes ont toujours été les protagonistes du phénomène migratoire, comme en atteste l’abondance de la littérature consacrée aux études sur les migrations internationales. Jusqu’au début des années 1980, les migrations féminines à partir du Sénégal étaient passives, les femmes n’étaient invitées sur la scène migratoire qu’en tant que personnes qui suivent leur époux dans les lieux d’immigration. Cependant, depuis une décennie, les femmes émigrent de manière indépendante et sur de longues distances, en quête d’un travail pour satisfaire leurs besoins essentiels et ceux de leur famille d’origine. Aujourd’hui, les femmes commencent à avoir, à partir de leur statut de migrantes et de leur indépendance financière, une identité professionnelle qui influe sur leur identité personnelle et qui peut remettre en cause leur existence, et leur rôle familial. Or la société sénégalaise, profondément patriarcale, sanctionne par l’isolement affectif celles qui veulent se soustraire à leur rôle et statut traditionnels, la force du contrôle social mettant en échec les tentatives de rupture. Aussi, les femmes migrantes semblent avoir opté, à partir de la migration internationale, pour la redéfinition des rapports sociaux. On passe ainsi d’une migration passive à une autre qui fait des femmes de véritables actrices. La migration internationale féminine individuelle à partir du Sénégal a pris naissance en ville, au milieu des années 1980 et a concerné en premier les femmes wolofs avant de s’étendre au milieu rural. Aujourd’hui, elle est presque devenue un fait de société puisqu’elle a tendance à se généraliser à toutes les composantes ethniques et religieuses du pays. Cette féminisation observée dans le champ migratoire international sénégalais est peut être la conséquence de différents problèmes posés par la dégradation des moeurs (effritement des valeurs traditionnelles, perte de l’autorité parentale ou maritale) mais aussi par la crise économique sans précédent que connaît le pays. Elle peut de même s’expliquer par les changements socioculturels (évolution des mentalités) et éducatifs (augmentation du niveau d’instruction des femmes) que connaît le Sénégal depuis l’indépendance ainsi que par la féminisation des emplois à l’échelle mondiale. Cette thèse a pour but d’expliciter ces différentes évolutions, tant sur le plan socio-économique que sur le plan culturel par une étude approfondie des causes et conséquences. La structure du tissu migratoire dans son ensemble, au Sénégal et en France, est exposée. Ce travail ouvre ainsi un nouveau champ d’investigation autour de la migration internationaleAccording to literature, in Senegal, the migration was a man phenomenon. Until the beginning of the 1980th, the female migration from Senegal was passive. Indeed, women were just invited to follow their husbands. However, since a decade, more women enter in the migratory streams. In fact, they migrate independently and on long distances to obtain jobs for their and their native families needs. Nowadays, women begin to have, due to their status migrants, a worker identity which influences their own identities and which can be a cause of changes in their existences and roles into their families (financial independency is a main condition of migrant personal autonomy). Due to its patriarchal aspect, the Senegalese society punishes the ones who want to take away from their traditional roles and status by loneliness and the power of the social control causes failure of break attempts. Then, migrant women, by choosing international migration, redefine social relations. Thus, since the 1980th, the female migration, from passive migration, becomes an active migration. The female individual international migration from Senegal began by city (Wolofs were firstly concerned) in the before middle of 1980th, to extend the phenomenon to rural population. Nowadays, it becomes a society fact due to it s tendency to be generalized to all ethnic and religious groups. This increase of the female participation in the Senegalese international migration is maybe a consequence of different problems such as traditional values erosion and father or husband authority loss, but also by the Senegalese economical crisis. Moreover, the socio-cultural (mentality evolution) and educational (increase of the female learning level) change in Senegal since the independence. The goal of this thesis is to explain these different evolutions in social, economical and cultural points of view. A study of the causes and consequences of the female migration is proposed. The global (in France and Senegal) social structure of the migration is presented. This work opens a new investigation field of the international migration