Articoli di riviste: "Microfiltration"

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Chechenikhina, Olga, e Vladimir Lazarev. "Microbiological, physicochemical and biotechnological properties of dairy raw materials under intensive technologies". E3S Web of Conferences 537 (2024): 10008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202453710008.

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The purpose of the article is to analyze the microbiological, physico-chemical and biotechnological properties of raw milk obtained under intensive technologies using the Lely Astronaut A4 robotic milking system in comparison with milking operations using milking pipeline machines DA-2M Maiga, subjected to baromembrane sterilization through ceramic microfiltration membranes. It has been established that the use of intensive robotic technologies – the LelyAstronautA4 robotic milking system – can increase milk yield by an average of 12% compared to milking in a milk line using ceramic microfiltration elements (CMFE); reduce bacterial contamination of milk to a content of less than 500 thousand bacteria per 1 ml and decrease titratable acidity by 0.17°T. Research has shown that the optimal process for sterilizing raw milk is microfiltration. Microfiltrational sterilization through CMFE membranes removes 99.9% of bacteria and spores from milk. To normalize the fat content of milk after baromembrane sterilization, the required amount of cream, sterilized by the classical heat method, is added.

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Ben Aim, R. "Microfiltration tangentielle". La Houille Blanche, n. 7-8 (novembre 1986): 547–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/lhb/1986052.

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Fagnani, Rafael, Marisa Marroni Mexia, Ana Amélia Nunes Puppio e Ana Paula Pavão Battaglini. "Sanitary aspects and technological challenges of whole milk microfiltration at low temperatures". Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 51, n. 8 (agosto 2016): 990–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2016000800011.

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Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of whole milk microfiltration at low temperatures on bacterial counts and on its shelf life. The microfiltration process was evaluated at two temperatures (30 and 50ºC) and compared with the slow pasteurization process. Both slow pasteurization and microfiltration reduced the initial counts of aerobic mesophilic and psychrotrophic bacteria, as well as total coliforms in whole milk. Microfiltration at 50ºC was as effective as the pasteurization process, since it reduced the initial count of aerobic mesophilic bacteria in 4.4 log cycles; increased the product's shelf life, which reached 30 days without exceeding 1,000 CFU mL-1; and eliminated coliform counts at the temperatures of 35 and 45ºC, established by the Brazilian legislation. Microfiltration at 30°C reduced the aerobic mesophilic bacteria counts by 2.2 log cycles; however, Escherichia coli was found in the product, which exhibited a shelf life of less than five days. Therefore, microfiltration at 30ºC can be associated with thermal treatments, but, when applied alone, it shows unsatisfactory results.

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Sabo, Štefan, Tomáš Bakalár, Milan Búgel e Henrieta Pavolová. "Hybrid Sorption and Microfiltration Characteristics of Zeolite". Solid State Phenomena 244 (ottobre 2015): 252–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.244.252.

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Industrial wastewater treatment and reuse is one of the principal tasks of present. For this purpose several physical, chemical and combined methods have been used. This paper deals with the study of sorption behaviour of natural zeolite with respect to Zn (II) and Cu (II) followed by cross-flow membrane microfiltration. The experiments realised were aimed at verification of effectiveness of ion exchange of selected metals from wastewater using zeolite – with main component clinoptilolite. The experimental data obtained were fitted using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The sorption capacity was studied for zinc and copper uptake, followed by a study of microfiltration of zeolite suspension using a cross-flow microfiltration device with tubular ceramic membrane. According to experimental results the basic parameters of microfiltration process were evaluated. In comparison with other processes, the hybrid membrane microfiltration offers more effective way of water treatment.

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Schiffer, Simon, Bello Teslim Adekunle, Andreas Matyssek, Martin Hartinger e Ulrich Kulozik. "Effect of Pre-Heating Prior to Low Temperature 0.1 µm-Microfiltration of Milk on Casein–Whey Protein Fractionation". Foods 10, n. 5 (14 maggio 2021): 1090. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10051090.

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During skim milk microfiltration (nominal pore size of 0.1 µm) at 10 °C, the whey protein purity in the permeate is reduced by an enhanced serum casein permeation, primarily of β-casein. To decrease casein permeation, the possibility of a pre-heating step under pasteurization conditions before the filtration step was investigated, so as to shift the equilibrium from soluble serum casein monomers to impermeable micellar casein. Immediately after the pre-heating step, low temperature microfiltration at 10 °C was conducted before the casein monomers could diffuse into the serum. The hypothesis was that the dissociation of β-casein into the serum as a result of a decreasing temperature takes more time than the duration of the microfiltration process. It was found that pre-heating reduced the β-casein permeation during microfiltration without significantly affecting the flux and whey protein permeation, compared with a microfiltration at 10 °C without the pre-heating step. Furthermore, the addition of calcium (5 and 10 mM) not only reduced the casein permeation and thus increased the permeate purity, defined as a high whey protein-to-casein (g L−1/g L−1) ratio, but also decreased the filtration performance, possibly due to the structural alteration of the deposited casein micelle layer, rendering the deposit more compact and more retentive. Therefore, the possible combination of the addition of calcium and pre-heating prior to microfiltration was also investigated in order to evidence the potential increase of whey protein (WP) purity in the permeate in the case of Ca2+ addition prior to microfiltration. This study shows that pre-heating very close to low temperature microfiltration results in an increased purity of the whey protein fraction obtained in the permeate.

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Hu, Xue Bing, Jian Er Zhou, Yan Xiang Wang, Yong Qing Wang, Xiao Zheng Zhang, Andre Larbot e Michel Persin. "Effect of SnO₂ Modification on Permeate Flux of Α-Al₂O₃ Microfiltration Membrane for Treating Fe(OH)₂ Suspensions". Advanced Materials Research 189-193 (febbraio 2011): 489–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.189-193.489.

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To improve the permeate flux of ceramic membrane, commercial α-Al2O3 microfiltration membrane of 0.2 μm pore diameter was modified with SnO2 nano grains by in situ synthesis method. The permeate fluxes of the membrane for pure water and treating Fe(OH)2 suspensions were studied mainly in the paper. The results showed that the pure water stable permeate fluxes of unmodified and SnO2 modified microfiltration membranes were 0.61 m3h-1m-2 and 1.87 m3h-1m-2, respectively. When treating 1L 0.01 mol∙L-1 Fe(OH)2 suspensions, the permeate fluxes of SnO2 modified membrane was higher than that of unmodified membrane all the time and the clarified permeate was obtained. The results indicated that in situ synthesis method can be successfully used to modify α-Al2O3 microfiltration membrane with SnO2 nano grains for permeate flux increase, and the microfiltration membrane has excellent treatment effect on Fe(OH)2 suspensions. Furthermore, the enhancement mechanism of permeate flux of SnO2 modification microfiltration membrane was discussed initially.

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Laurell, Panu, Heikki Poutanen, Mehrdad Hesampour, Tanja Tuutijärvi e Riku Vahala. "Feasibility and Environmental Impact of NOM Reduction by Microfiltration at a Finnish Surface Water Treatment Plant". Water 15, n. 10 (10 maggio 2023): 1822. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15101822.

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Low-pressure membranes (including microfiltration and ultrafiltration) for natural organic matter removal in drinking water treatment have gained increasing interest in the Nordic countries. Microfiltration can produce stable water quality and requires less space than conventional treatment. Hollow fibre microfiltration coupled with chemical coagulation was tested at a Finnish surface water treatment plant to study its feasibility and environmental impact compared to clarification, rapid sand filtration and ozonation. Microfiltration improved both physical and chemical water quality, while natural organic matter removal was similar to that of conventional treatment. Membrane treatment would increase operational costs by 2.5–3.5 euro cents per m3. Most of the costs derive from chemicals used in membrane cleaning. Membrane treatment is an energy-intensive process, but energy production in the Nordic countries has a low emission factor. Greenhouse gas emissions from operating microfiltration are estimated at 16 g CO2-eq./m3 of permeate. Lowering chemical consumption and using renewable energy in production could decrease total emissions.

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Markovic, Tijana, Predrag Vukosavljevic, Goran Vladisavljevic e Branka Bukvic. "Investigations of hydrodynamic permeability ceramic membranes for microfiltration". Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade 51, n. 2 (2006): 151–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jas0602151m.

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This paper introduces the results of experimental investigations on the influence of operating parameters, such as feed flow rate, temperature, pressure difference in the microfiltration through the ceramic Kerasep membrane. The results confirmed earlier work on the same laboratory device for microfiltration. and they are the main condition for determination of kinetics juice clarification. Apart from investigations on the influence of operating parameters, the influence of membrane moisture on microfiltration was observed.

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Oesterholt, F. I. H. M., e B. A. Bult. "Improving Municipal Waste Water Quality by Effluent Polishing: A Pilot Scale Experiment at Winterswijk, The Netherlands". Water Science and Technology 27, n. 5-6 (1 marzo 1993): 277–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0507.

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Over a period of three months two filtration methods, i.e. cross flow microfiltration and continuous sand filtrations were tested for their capacity to improve the quality of the effluent from a waste water treatment plant. The removal capacity of both methods was explored for suspended solids, COD, Kjeldahl nitrogen phosphorus, copper and zinc with and without iron flocculation. Without iron flocculation only the suspended solids can be removed. Iron has to be added prior to removal so that suspended solids and phosphorus can be removed in sufficient quantities. In that case, total P can be removed for 70% by means of continuous sand filtration, and for 90 % when microfiltration is being applied. The removal of COD, nitrogen Kjeldahl, copper and zinc is confined to 10 or 20%. From a technical point of view, microfiltration is preferred because of its high removal efficiency for all the components. On the other hand, from a financial point of view, microfiltration is not feasible. Treatment costs for sand filtration and microfiltration are calculated at f 0.15 and f 2.07 respectively per m3 water treated.

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Jokić, Aleksandar, Ivana Pajčin, Jovana Grahovac, Nataša Lukić, Bojana Ikonić, Nevenka Nikolić e Vanja Vlajkov. "Dynamic Modeling Using Artificial Neural Network of Bacillus Velezensis Broth Cross-Flow Microfiltration Enhanced by Air-Sparging and Turbulence Promoter". Membranes 10, n. 12 (27 novembre 2020): 372. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes10120372.

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Cross-flow microfiltration is a broadly accepted technique for separation of microbial biomass after the cultivation process. However, membrane fouling emerges as the main problem affecting permeate flux decline and separation process efficiency. Hydrodynamic methods, such as turbulence promoters and air sparging, were tested to improve permeate flux during microfiltration. In this study, a non-recurrent feed-forward artificial neural network (ANN) with one hidden layer was examined as a tool for microfiltration modeling using Bacillus velezensis cultivation broth as the feed mixture, while the Kenics static mixer and two-phase flow, as well as their combination, were used to improve permeate flux in microfiltration experiments. The results of this study have confirmed successful application of the ANN model for prediction of permeate flux during microfiltration of Bacillus velezensis cultivation broth with a coefficient of determination of 99.23% and absolute relative error less than 20% for over 95% of the predicted data. The optimal ANN topology was 5-13-1, trained by the Levenberg–Marquardt training algorithm and with hyperbolic sigmoid transfer function between the input and the hidden layer.

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Abdi Bogoreh, Hassan, e Catherine Charcosset. "Removal of Diclofenac from Water using an Hybrid Process Combining Activated Carbon Adsorption and Ultrafiltration or Microfiltration". International Journal of Membrane Science and Technology 4, n. 2 (30 novembre 2017): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15379/ijmst.v4i2.821.

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Small amounts of pharmaceuticals are increasingly found in natural waters and wastewaters in treatment plants. Several processes are developed for their removal such as hybrid membrane processes. These techniques integrate membrane filtration (mainly ultrafiltration or microfiltration) to a physical technique (such as flocculation or sorption on activated carbon). In this study, we report results on a process with sorption on activated carbon and microfiltration or ultrafiltration using a ceramic membrane, with a specific attention to the influence of the membrane pore size. The membranes showed little fouling at the experimental conditions used (maximum 500 mg/L activated carbon), while an important increase in conductivity was observed in permeate samples due to the salting out of ions from the activated carbon particles. Besides, the removal of diclofenac and humic acid (both at 10 mg/L) was higher than 90 % during the treatment with both ultrafiltration and microfiltration, however microfiltration was preferred due to its higher flux. These results suggest that hybrid processes of activated carbon/ultrafiltration or microfiltration could be interesting alternatives for processing waters containing small amounts of pharmaceuticals.

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Jagan Mohan Rao, L. "Beverage Industry Microfiltration". International Journal of Food Science & Technology 44, n. 11 (novembre 2009): 2334. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2009.02000.x.

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Nemeskal, R., e D. J. Cullen. "Microfiltration of blood". Anaesthesia 41, n. 7 (luglio 1986): 778–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1986.tb12892.x.

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Bradshaw, E. G., e A. Bowes. "Microfiltration of blood". Anaesthesia 41, n. 7 (luglio 1986): 779. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1986.tb12893.x.

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Mori, Y., T. Oota, M. Hashino, M. Takamura e Y. Fujii. "Ozone-microfiltration system". Desalination 117, n. 1-3 (settembre 1998): 211–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0011-9164(98)00098-8.

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Gere, Andrew R. "Microfiltration operating costs". Journal - American Water Works Association 89, n. 10 (ottobre 1997): 40–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8833.1997.tb08304.x.

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Le Gouellec, Yann A., David A. Cornwell e Michael J. Macphee. "Treating Microfiltration Backwash". Journal - American Water Works Association 96, n. 1 (gennaio 2004): 72–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8833.2004.tb10535.x.

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Seres, Zita, Ljubica Dokic, Biljana Pajin, Dragana Soronja-Simovic, Drago Subaric, Jurislav Babic e Aleksandar Fistes. "Influence of the operating parameters on the flux during microfiltration of the steepwater in the starch industry". Acta Periodica Technologica, n. 43 (2012): 225–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/apt1243225s.

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The subject of the work is the possibility of applying microfiltration through a ceramic tubular membrane with 100 nm pore sizes to the steepwater obtained in the production process of corn starch. The dry matter content should be reduced in the steepwater permeate. Thus the consumption of the process water would be reduced, the nutrients from the steepwater could be exploited as feed and the wastewater problem would consequently be solved. The objective of the work was to examine the influence of the operating parameters on the permeate flux during steepwater microfiltration. The parameters that vary in the course of microfiltration, were the transmembrane pressur and flow rate, while the permeate flux and dry matter content of the permeate and retentate were the dependent parameters, constantly monitored during the process. Another objective of this study was to investigate the influence of static turbulence promoter on the permeate flux during steepwater microfiltration. Static mixers enhance permeate flux, thus the microfiltration can be performed longer. As a result of the statistical analysis, the optimal conditions for steepwater microfiltration were determined. The maximum value of the permeate flux without mixer (25 lm-2h-1) was achieved at a pressure of 2 bars and a flow rate around 100 lh-1. With the use of static mixer the flux is 2,5 times higher compared to the one obtained without the mixer. The dry matter content of the permeat after 2.5 hours of mucrofiltration was lowered by 40%.

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Santosa, Imam. "Decreased Concentration (BOD, COD, TSS, Fatty Oil, Ammonia and Coliform) Hospital Wastewater Using Microfiltration Membranes". Jurnal Kesehatan 14, n. 1 (30 aprile 2023): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.26630/jk.v14i1.3491.

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Microfiltration membranes are a technological alternative to the biological method; apart from being easier to operate, they can also be made portable, especially in emergencies such as natural disasters. The problem with the operation of this microfiltration membrane is that saturation occurs quickly on the surface of the microfiltration membrane. It can reduce the efficiency of treatment and the quality of wastewater. This study aimed to determine the initial rate of hospital wastewater and the efficiency of reducing the parameters of hospital wastewater using microfiltration membrane filtration. The research method used is quasi-experimental, which aims to explain things that will happen to the research variables by manipulating and controlling the variables so that the influence of one or more variables is found. The conclusion obtained from this study was the initial hospital wastewater quality in the first hour, namely pH 6.5, BOD 82mg/l, COD 271mg/l, TSS 38mg/l, Fatty Oil 1mg/l, NH3 16mg/l, and Total Coliform 3,400 Total/100ml sample. The quality of the treated wastewater produced by microfiltration membranes was pH 7, BOD 10mg/l, COD 64mg/l, TSS 12mg/l, Fatty Oil 0.5mg/l, NH3 1mg/l, and Total Coliform 800 Total/100ml sample. The efficiency of reducing the concentration of wastewater in all parameters meets the smell of hospital wastewater quality. Suggestions from this study are the installation of a field-scale microfiltration membrane device.

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Wang, Jiafan, Beifu Wang, Chenxiao Zhang e Lihong Nie. "Preparation of Nano-SiO₂ Modified PA66 Microfiltration Membrane and Treatment of Oily Wastewater". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2324, n. 1 (1 agosto 2022): 012010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2324/1/012010.

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Abstract With the development of industry, more and more oily wastewater is discharged into the water, which brings great harm to the ecological environment and human health. Membrane separation technology is a very promising technology for oily wastewater treatment. In this experiment, a 1:1 mixed solution of formic acid and dichloromethane (FA/DCM) was used as a solvent to prepare a PA66 microfiltration membrane by evaporation method, and nano-SiO2 was used to modify the PA66 with the determined formula. The apparent morphology, hydrophilicity and mechanical properties of the membrane were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, contact angle test and tensile test, and the effect of treating oily wastewater by microfiltration membrane before and after modification was analyzed. The results show that the mechanical strength and hydrophilicity of the microfiltration membrane are improved after modification by SiO2, and the sewage treatment effect is better. The removal rates of unmodified microfiltration membrane to total suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand and oil concentration are 55%~96%, 50%~85% and 55%~92%; the removal rates of modified microfiltration membrane to total suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand and oil concentration are 98%~99%, 91%~95% and 95%~99%.

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Korysheva, N. N., S. A. Titov, S. V. Shakhov, G. S. Tikhonov, I. A. Glotova e N. A. Galochkina. "Method for milk whey microfiltration with filtrate pulsed backpressure and installation for its implementation". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 938, n. 1 (1 dicembre 2021): 012019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/938/1/012019.

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Abstract During deep processing of whey using microfiltration, the loss of membrane efficiency can take place. In this work, an installation for microfiltration of milk whey has been developed. It includes pumps, containers with liquids, throttling valves, a pressure gauge, and a microfiltration cell with a tubular ceramic membrane. A thin titanium oxide layer was deposited on the inner surface of the porous alumina tube. The outer diameter of the tubes is 10 mm, the wall thickness is 2 mm, the length of the tubes is 45 cm. A homogenized aqueous dispersion of sugar beet fiber was used as an agent that improves the performance of the installation by creating a pulsed backpressure of the filtrate. It is shown that the use of a finely ground suspension of dietary fiber during microfiltration of milk whey through a tubular ceramic membrane prevents the formation of protein deposits on the membrane and in its pores. The installation allows obtaining a suspension of dietary fiber, enriched with milk protein, as an additional product. The protein-enriched fiber suspension left over after microfiltration can be used in food production, for example, as a thickening agent in the production of yogurts.

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Yan, Xiao Ju, Rui Ling Bao, Qing Feng Jing e Xu Yang. "Research on the Membrane Fouling Characters in the Photocatalysis-Membrane Reactor". Advanced Materials Research 113-116 (giugno 2010): 602–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.113-116.602.

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The membrane fouling characters in the Photocatalysis-Membrane Reactor (PMR) were studied by the SEM analyzing, and compared with the membrane fouling characters in the direct microfiltration reactor. The experiments results indicate that the photocatalysis process can alleviate the membrane fouling in comparison with the direct microfiltration process. The membrane pressure is 0.007Mpa in the PMR after 75h reaction, which is 0.014Mpa in the direct microfiltration reactor. The fouling layer on the membrane surface in the PMR is formed by the TiO2 particles, which has loose layer structure and low surface roughness.

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France, Thomas C., Alan L. Kelly, Shane V. Crowley e James A. O’Mahony. "Cold Microfiltration as an Enabler of Sustainable Dairy Protein Ingredient Innovation". Foods 10, n. 9 (4 settembre 2021): 2091. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10092091.

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Classically, microfiltration (0.1–0.5 µm) of bovine skim milk is performed at warm temperatures (45–55 °C), to produce micellar casein and milk-derived whey protein ingredients. Microfiltration at these temperatures is associated with high initial permeate flux and allows for the retention of the casein fraction, resulting in a whey protein fraction of high purity. Increasingly, however, the microfiltration of skim milk and other dairy streams at low temperatures (≤20 °C) is being used in the dairy industry. The trend towards cold filtration has arisen due to associated benefits of improved microbial quality and reduced fouling, allowing for extended processing times, improved product quality and opportunities for more sustainable processing. Performing microfiltration of skim milk at low temperatures also alters the protein profile and mineral composition of the resulting processing streams, allowing for the generation of new ingredients. However, the use of low processing temperatures is associated with high mechanical energy consumption to compensate for the increased viscosity, and thermal energy consumption for inline cooling, impacting the sustainability of the process. This review will examine the differences between warm and cold microfiltration in terms of membrane performance, partitioning of bovine milk constituents, microbial growth, ingredient innovation and process sustainability.

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Xu, Shijie, Wenzhong Ma, Haicun Yang, Zheng Cao, Fanghong Gong e Chunlin Liu. "Cross-Linking Combined with Surfactant Bilayer Assembly Enhances the Hydrophilic and Antifouling Properties of PTFE Microfiltration Membranes". Separations 9, n. 1 (22 dicembre 2021): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations9010002.

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The inherent strong hydrophobicity of Polytetrafluoroetylene (PTFE) microfiltration membranes results in low separation efficiency and easy contamination. In order to enhance its hydrophilic and antifouling properties, we first modified the PTFE microfiltration membrane by using Polyethylene glycol laurate (PEGML) for first layer deposition and then used Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/citric acid (CA) cross-linked coatings for second layer deposition. The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) results showed that the fibers and nodes of the modified PTFE microfiltration membrane were coated with PVA/CA hydrophilic coating. FT-IR Spectromete and X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS) analysis results confirmed that crosslinking of PVA and CA occurred and that PEGML and PVA/CA were successfully deposited onto the membrane surface. The modification conditions were optimized by hydrophilicity testing, and the best hydrophilicity of the modified membrane was achieved when the crosslinking content of PEGML was 2 g·L−1, PVA was 5 g·L−1, and CA was 2 g·L−1. PTFE microfiltration membranes modified by the optimal conditions achieved a water flux of 396.9 L·m−2·h−1 (three times that of the original membrane) at low operating pressures (0.05 MPa), and the contact angle decreased from 120° to 40°. Meanwhile, the modified PTFE microfiltration membrane has improved contamination resistance and good stability of the hydrophilic coating.

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Katagiri, Nobuyuki, Daisuke Shimokawa, Takayuki Suzuki, Masahito Kousai e Eiji Iritani. "Separation Properties of Plasmid DNA Using a Two-Stage Particle Adsorption-Microfiltration Process". Membranes 13, n. 2 (29 gennaio 2023): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes13020168.

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Plasmid DNA is used as a vector for gene therapy and DNA vaccination; therefore, the establishment of a mass production method is required. Membrane filtration is widely employed as a separation method suitable for the mass production of plasmid DNA. Furthermore, the separation of plasmid DNA using microfiltration and ultrafiltration membranes is being investigated. Because plasmid DNA has a circular structure, it undergoes significant deformation during filtration and easily permeates the membrane, hindering the selection of separation membranes based on molecular weight. In this study, we applied affinity microfiltration to plasmid DNA purification. α-Fe2O3 with an isoelectric point of approximately 8 and a particle size of 0.5 μm was selected as the ligand for two-stage affinity microfiltration of plasmid DNA. In the first stage of microfiltration, the experiment was conducted at a pH of 5, and a cake of α-Fe2O3 with bound plasmid DNA was obtained. Next, liquid permeation (pH 9 and 10) through the cake was performed to elute the bound plasmid DNA. Plasmid DNA was eluted during the early phase of liquid permeation at pH 10. Furthermore, agarose gel analysis confirmed the usefulness of the two-stage affinity microfiltration method with adsorption and desorption for plasmid DNA purification.

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Kolega, M., G. S. Grohmann, R. F. Chiew e A. W. Day. "Disinfection and Clarification of Treated Sewage by Advanced Microfiltration". Water Science and Technology 23, n. 7-9 (1 aprile 1991): 1609–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0615.

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A study was conducted to investigate the use of an advanced membrane microfiltration system to disinfect and clarify secondary and primary treated sewage. The membrane microfiltration system tested incorporated a patented gas backwashing technique which significantly reduces fouling. A comprehensive microbiological testing program established that all indicator bacteria and viruses were removed by this system. Testing for chemical quality showed significant reductions in BOD, suspended solids, turbidity, phosphorus, oil/grease and heavy metals. Consistent filtration rates over several months were achieved without significant biological fouling. The study conclusively showed the capability of the microfiltration system to disinfect and clarify treated sewage.

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Greeley, M. H., R. E. DeVor, S. G. Kapoor e N. Rajagopalan. "The Influence of Fluid Management Policy and Operational Changes on Metalworking Fluid Functionality". Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 126, n. 3 (1 agosto 2004): 445–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1765145.

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This paper discusses the influence of metalworking fluid management policy and operational changes on metalworking fluid functionality in terms of lubricating and cooling ability. Several important pathways for metalworking fluid depletion are reviewed. Using an instrumented drilling-based test-bed, the effects of lubricating component depletion, microfiltration, and dilutant water hardness were assessed. It was observed that microfiltration had no effect on fluid functionality. Increases in dilutant water hardness were found to produce decreases in drilling forces and temperature. Additionally, increasing dilutant hardness decreased microfiltration flux, but this effect can be counteracted with the addition of a chelating agent.

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Omelchenko, Оleksandr, Gregoriy Deynichenko, Vasyl Guzenko, Inna Zolotukhina, Dmytro Dmytrevskyi, Vitalii Chervonyi, Dmytro Horielkov, Olga Melnik, Olha Korolenko e Liudmyla Tsvirkun. "Determining the influence of membrane treatment process on the quality indicators of beer". Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 4, n. 11(112) (30 agosto 2021): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.238216.

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The issue related to the possibility of applying the filtration process of young beer with the use of experimental microfiltration polymer semi-permeable membrane elements was considered. It was shown that under modern conditions, it is expedient to use membrane processes of young beer filtration in the brewing industry. The process of membrane treatment of beer can be carried out at the stage of pasteurization of young beer in a cold way. Such actions can be directed to preserve the organoleptic parameters of the final product ‒ filtered beer. An experimental setup for the study of the main technological parameters of membrane processing of young beer was presented. The results of experimental studies of the influence of baric and temperature modes on the performance of nuclear microfiltration polymer membranes were shown. Rational parameters of pressure (0.03–0.05 MPa), duration (8–10 s-1), and temperature (3...6 °С) of the process of membrane filtration of young beer using nuclear microfiltration polymer membranes were determined. The qualitative characteristics of filtered beer obtained by membrane methods were explored. The comparative characteristic of the results of the studies of the qualitative component of resulting beer after microfiltration according to the known requirements and standards for organoleptic indicators was presented. It is found that in terms of filtration rate, selectivity, yeast residue, and other characteristics, nuclear microfiltration polymer membranes are promising for the implementation of the process of microfiltration of young beer. These studies proved the feasibility of further research into improving the process of membrane processing of beer and technical equipment of the beer production line with the development of new equipment.

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Rosita Bihariesingh-Sanchit, Rakesh Bansie, Shannon Tjon A Sam, Cheneal Lieveld, Anoushka Simons, Jimmy Kromosoeto, Sjef J.C.M. van de Leur et al. "Gravity-driven crossflow membrane filtration and mechanical centrifugation yield plasma with equivalent total and COVID-19-specific immunoglobulin content". World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 21, n. 2 (28 febbraio 2024): 1107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.21.2.0527.

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While the administration of convalescent plasma is a promising therapy for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), upfront costs and technological barriers of conventional plasmapheresis have limited the collection and processing of COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs). We previously reported that bedside plasma separation using gravity-driven microfiltration has made CCP therapy accessible as a treatment option in Suriname. However, the question remains whether the gravity-driven microfiltration method yields similar amounts of immunoglobulins as compared to conventional plasmapheresis. Here, we compared the gravity-driven microfiltration method with conventional plasma centrifugation for the total and COVID-19-specific immunoglobulin content of the obtained CCP. Blood donations from 10 donors recovered from PCR-confirmed COVID-19 were processed using both methods. Samples were collected pre- and post-processing for analysis to allow direct comparison of both methods. There were no differences in COVID-19-specific IgG levels between convalescent plasma obtained by microfiltration and centrifugation for 4 of the 5 assays used. Anti-RBD-Omicron IgG levels were slightly higher in the plasma obtained after filtration (median 274, range 69 to 1258) than after centrifugation (median 249, range 67 to 1175), Wilcoxon P = 0.0488. No significant differences were detected between the two methods for levels of total albumin, total cholesterol, total IgA, IgM and IgG levels. These results indicate that gravity-driven microfiltration and conventional centrifugation yield CCP with equivalent amounts of total and COVID-19-specific antibodies. This makes the gravity-driven microfiltration method a viable option for the collection and treatment with CCP in the LMICs setting.

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30

Mikulášek, Petr. "Effect of Fluidized Bed on Permeate Flux in Ceramic Membrane Cross-Flow Microfiltration". Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 60, n. 12 (1995): 2074–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19952074.

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The microfiltration of a model fluid on an α-alumina microfiltration tubular membrane in the presence of a fluidized bed has been examined. Following the description of the basic characteristic of alumina tubular membranes, model dispersion and spherical particles used, some comments on the experimental system and experimental results for different microfiltration systems are presented. From the analysis of experimental results it may be concluded that the use of turbulence-promoting agents resulted in a significant increase of permeate flux through the membrane. It was found out that the optimum porosity of fluidized bed for which the maximum values of permeate flux were reached is approximately 0.8.

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31

Santosa, Imam, Daria Br Ginting e Enro Sujito. "Performance of pretreatment materials on hospital wastewater before microfiltration membrane filtration process". Applied Research in Science and Technology 2, n. 1 (25 agosto 2022): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.33292/areste.v2i1.22.

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An alternative method of treating hospital wastewater can use a microfiltration membrane, where the results showed that the disposal of oily wastewater reached 82.5%, BOD 90%, COD 85%, and total Coli up to 70%. In addition, it can remove particles from wastewater from 0.04 to 100 microns in size. The problem with using microfiltration membranes is the rapid occurrence of fouling/saturation on the surface of the microfiltration membrane, causing the wastewater treatment operation time to be short. The length of this treatment causes the problem of less amount of wastewater being treated and another problem, namely faster membrane replacement. This study aims to determine the performance of pretreatment of microfiltration membranes made of alum, silica sand, and activated carbon for parameters pH, BOD, COD, TSS, Ammonia, Fatty Oil, and Total Coliform. The results of the study were as follows: 1) the average quality of hospital wastewater was temperature 28.8°C, pH 7, BOD 79 mg/l, COD 167.05 mg/l, Total Suspended Solid 68 mg/l, Ammonia 4 mg/l, Phosphate 0.745 mg/l, Fatty Oil 1.64 mg/l, Coliform 2.200 MPN/100 ml. 2) Comparison analysis of the most effective materials on the parameters, for BOD Silica Sand 78.24%, COD 56.25% Silica Sand, Total Suspended Solids 83.42% Activated Carbon, Ammonia Silica Sand 56.49%, Phosphate 80.43 % Activated Carbon, Fat Oil is 80.43% Alum, Coliform is Microfiltration Membrane 40.91%.

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32

Trivunac, Katarina, e Slavica Stevanovic. "Effects of operating parameters on efficiency of lead removal by complexation-microfiltration process". Chemical Industry 66, n. 4 (2012): 461–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind111122007t.

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Majority of lead content found in the environment is the result of human activities. Heavy metals can be hazardous because they tend to bioaccumulate. Complexation-microfiltration process for the removal of Pb(II) ions was studied. The aim of microfiltration of the model wastewater containing heavy metal ions was finding an optimum ratio between the concentrations of the complexing agent and metal, and determining the most favorable pH value. The microfiltration experiments were carried out in a stirred dead-end cell. Diethylaminoethyl cellulose (DEAE 23) was selected as the complexing agent. Versapor membranes were used to separate formed polymer-metal complex. The concentration of heavy metal ions after microfiltration in aqueous solution was determined using the atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Effects on the amount of complexing agent, concentration of metal ion, pH value and operating pressure on the flux, J, and rejection coefficient, R, were investigated. Experimental results indicate that the pH of the solution has considerable influence on the rejection coefficient. An increase in pH and the amount of complexing agents enabled us to obtain very high retention coefficient (99%).

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Li, Tingting, Yong Gao, Junwo Zhou, Manying Zhang, Xiaofei Fu e Fang Liu. "A Membrane Modified with Nitrogen-Doped TiO2/Graphene Oxide for Improved Photocatalytic Performance". Applied Sciences 9, n. 5 (27 febbraio 2019): 855. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9050855.

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An improved photocatalytic microfiltration membrane was successfully prepared by the impregnation method with nitrogen-doped TiO2/graphene oxide (GO) (NTG). By utilizing the unique role of N and GO, the photocatalytic activity of the membrane in UV and sunlight was improved. Compared with the Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) microfiltration membrane which was modified by TiO2, N-TiO2 (NT) and TiO2-GO (TG), the NTG/PVDF membrane exhibited high photocatalytic efficiency and significantly improved photodegradation power to the methylene blue (MB) solution under ultraviolet light and sunlight, with the photocatalytic efficiency reaching 86.5% and 80.6%, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were used to analyze the morphology, crystal structure and chemical bonds of the membrane surface. The hydrophilicity of the modified PVDF microfiltration membrane was significantly improved, the flux of the pure water membrane reached 1672 Lm−2h−1, the flux of the MB solution was also significantly improved due to photodegradation. Therefore, the nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide graphene oxide PVDF microfiltration membrane (NTG/PVDF membrane) has great development prospects in sustainable water treatment.

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Kusumocahyo, Samuel P., Nabilla S. Maharani e Silvya Yusri. "Microfiltration Performance of α-Alumina Membrane for Removal of Glycerol from Biodiesel". Engineering Chemistry 1 (30 marzo 2023): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-ev6150.

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In biodiesel industries, the removal of glycerol from biodiesel is very important in the downstream process of the biodiesel production since the presence of glycerol in biodiesel causes diesel engine problems. Glycerol is commonly separated from biodiesel by extraction method using water, however, this method results in a vast amount of wastewater and requires a high energy consumption. In this work, a ceramic microfiltration membrane made of α-alumina was applied to remove glycerol from biodiesel. The microfiltration experiment was carried out using biodiesel containing various glycerol concentrations as the feed. For all investigated glycerol concentrations from 1000 ppm until 10,000 ppm in the feed, the membrane showed an excellent separation performance with rejection values of 91 to 99%. The profile of the permeate flux against the permeation time showed a flux decline because of the fouling phenomenon during the crossflow microfiltration experiment, and stable permeate fluxes were obtained after 2 h of permeation time. The result of this work showed that the separation process using the microfiltration membrane is a promising method to purify biodiesel instead of the conventional water washing method.

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35

Tomas, Marija Kovač, Anto Mijatović, Mateja Bulaić Nevistić, Bojan Šarkanj, Jurislav Babić e Tihomir Kovač. "How different microfilters affect the recovery of eleven EU-regulated mycotoxins". Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology 74, n. 1 (1 marzo 2023): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aiht-2023-74-3693.

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Abstract Microfiltration is a common step in liquid chromatography – tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS), a method of choice in determining several mycotoxins in a solution at once. However, microfiltration may entail filter-analyte interactions that can affect the accuracy of the procedure, and underestimate exposure. The aim of our study was to assess how five different membrane materials for syringe filters (nylon, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethersulphone, mixed cellulose ester, and cellulose acetate) affect microfiltration and recovery of EU-regulated mycotoxins, including aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2, deoxynivalenol, fumonisins B1 and B2, zearalenone, T-2 and HT-2 toxins, and ochratoxin A. Polytetrafluoroethylene filters turned out to least affect microfiltration through mycotoxin loss, followed by more commonly used nylon filters, whereas the remaining three filter membrane materials had such a negative effect on recoveries that we found them incompatible with the procedure. Our findings clearly suggest that it is important to select a proper filter type that suits analyte properties and solution composition and to discard the first few filtrate drops to ensure the accuracy of the analytical procedure.

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36

Zhao, Bingqing, Dongsheng Wang, Tao Li e Chihpin Huang. "Effect of floc structure and strength on membrane permeability in the hybrid coagulation-microfiltration process". Water Supply 11, n. 1 (1 marzo 2011): 97–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2011.014.

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The relative importance of floc property on microfiltration and fouling mechanism remains a field of arguments. The effects of floc structure and strength on fouling rate of coagulation-microfiltration were investigated in dead-end microfiltration. Flocs varying in size, fractal structure and strength were prepared by AlCl3 and PACl (Polyaluminum Chloride) coagulation at various dosages followed by different slow mixing rates and filtration without any sedimentation step. The rates of flux decline for flocs formed under same coagulant dosage but different shear conditions showed only limited size and compactness dependence. However, the floc strength effect on membrane filtration performance was observed clearly with the floc strength constant exhibiting a strong positive linear correlation with the resulted cake compressibility index.

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37

Katagiri, Nobuyuki. "Microfiltration of Microbial Suspension". MEMBRANE 45, n. 1 (2020): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5360/membrane.45.22.

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38

Kim, J. "Flocculation to enhance microfiltration". Journal of Membrane Science 182, n. 1-2 (15 febbraio 2001): 161–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0376-7388(00)00564-0.

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39

Linko, K. "Indications for Hood microfiltration". Anaesthesia 41, n. 2 (febbraio 1986): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1986.tb13184.x.

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40

Derrington, M. Clare. "Indications for Hood microfiltration". Anaesthesia 41, n. 2 (febbraio 1986): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1986.tb13185.x.

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41

Filippov, A., V. M. Starov, D. R. Llyod, S. Chakravarti e S. Glaser. "Sieve mechanism of microfiltration". Journal of Membrane Science 89, n. 3 (aprile 1994): 199–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0376-7388(94)80102-9.

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42

Martin, John F., Kirankumar Topudurti e Stanley Labunski. "Demonstration of Microfiltration Technology". Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 41, n. 12 (dicembre 1991): 1653–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10473289.1991.10466960.

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43

Hanemaaijer, J. H. "Microfiltration in whey processing". Desalination 53, n. 1-3 (gennaio 1985): 143–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0011-9164(85)85057-8.

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44

Nir, Oded, Tony Trieu, Sebastian Bannwarth e Matthias Wessling. "Microfiltration of deformable microgels". Soft Matter 12, n. 31 (2016): 6512–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6sm01345g.

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45

Yoo, R. Scott, Douglas R. Brown, Richard J. Pardini e Gary D. Bentson. "Microfiltration: a case study". Journal - American Water Works Association 87, n. 3 (marzo 1995): 38–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8833.1995.tb06330.x.

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46

de Haas, Robert. "Microfiltration Bests Conventional Treatment". Journal - American Water Works Association 89, n. 10 (ottobre 1997): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8833.1997.tb08300.x.

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47

Tarleton, E. S., e R. J. Wakeman. "Electro-acoustic crossflow microfiltration". Filtration & Separation 29, n. 5 (settembre 1992): 425–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0015-1882(92)80205-w.

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48

Dmitriev, E. A., A. M. Trushin, I. K. Kuznetsova e A. V. Tsvetnov. "Mathematical modeling of the integrated microfiltration-desorption process at the microfiltration stage". Theoretical Foundations of Chemical Engineering 40, n. 5 (ottobre 2006): 447–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0040579506050010.

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49

Ait Taleb, A., N. El Baraka, N. Saffaj, A. Laknifli, R. Mamouni, A. Fatni, A. El Hammadi e N. El Qacimi. "New Tubular Ceramic Membranes from Natural Moroccan Clay for Microfiltration Application". E3S Web of Conferences 37 (2018): 01011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183701011.

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Abstract (sommario):

This paper is devoted the preparation of low cost microfiltration membranes using Moroccan clay powder. The preparation of membrane was composed with two steps: First a macroporous tubular support with a pore diameter 10 μm and porosity 43%. Secondly a microfiltration layer was performed by the slip casting method. A deflocculated slip was obtained by mixing mineral powder of ZrO2, PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) and water, after drying at room temperature for 24 h, the microfiltration layer was heated to 800°C for consolidation. Scanning electron microscopy observation showed homogeneous layers without cracks with an average pore diameter of 0.19 μm for the active layer. Water permeability obtained is about 841 L/h.m2.bar. The membranes have been tested to cleaning of colored wastewater.

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Milovic, Nemanja, Aleksandar Jokic, Natasa Lukic, Jovana Grahovac, Jelena Dodic e Arpad Kiralj. "Optimization of the flux values in multichannel ceramic membrane microfiltration of Baker`s yeast suspension". Acta Periodica Technologica, n. 47 (2016): 231–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/apt1647231m.

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The objective of this work was to estimate the effects of the operating parameters on the baker's yeast microfiltration through multichannel ceramic membrane. The selected parameters were transmembrane pressure, suspension feed flow, and initial suspension concentration. In order to investigate the influence and interaction effects of these parameters on the microfiltration operation, two responses have been chosen: average permeate flux and flux decline. The Box-Behnken experimental design and response surface methodology was used for result processing and process optimization. According to the obtained results, the most important parameter influencing permeate flux during microfiltration is the initial suspension concentration. The maximum average flux value was achieved at an initial concentration of 0.1 g/L, pressure around 1.25 bars and a flow rate at 16 L/h.

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