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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Microbiome engineering":

1

Jin Song, Se, Douglas C. Woodhams, Cameron Martino, Celeste Allaband, Andre Mu, Sandrine Javorschi-Miller-Montgomery, Jan S. Suchodolski e Rob Knight. "Engineering the microbiome for animal health and conservation". Experimental Biology and Medicine 244, n. 6 (18 febbraio 2019): 494–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1535370219830075.

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Interest in animal microbiomes as therapeutics is rapidly expanding, as techniques to study the microbial world decrease in cost and increase in accessibility and case studies from human medicine receive widespread attention. In this review, we summarize the current state of techniques to modify the microbiome to improve animal health, focusing on applications in domestic pets, farm animals, and in wild settings for conservation. We discuss options for modifying the microbiome, including community-wide changes such as fecal microbiota transplants, prebiotics, probiotics, and antibiotics, and more targeted approaches such as phage therapy and CRISPR-Cas. We conclude that although much remains to be done in untangling the basic biology of microbiome-directed therapies in animals, the rapid progress currently being made in human medicine and the examples to date of application of probiotics and other microbiome-directed therapies in taxa ranging from horses to salamanders to bees suggest excellent prospects for these technologies as they are further developed and as data on both the benefits and risks are carefully and systematically collected. Impact statement Considering the clear effects of microbiota on important aspects of animal biology and development (including in humans), this topic is timely and broadly appealing, as it compels us to consider the possibilities of altering the microbiome (without antibiotics) to positively affect animal health. In this review, we highlight three general approaches to manipulating the microbiome that have demonstrated success and promise for use in animal health. We also point out knowledge gaps where further inquiry would most benefit the field. Our paper not only provides a short and digestible overview of the current state of application, but also calls for further exploration of the microbial diversity at hand to expand our toolkit, while also leveraging the diversity and flexibility of animal systems to better understand mechanisms of efficacy.
2

Sonnenburg, Justin L. "Microbiome Engineering". Nature 518, n. 7540 (febbraio 2015): S10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/518s10a.

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Sonnenburg, Justin L. "Microbiome Engineering". Scientific American 312, n. 3 (17 febbraio 2015): S10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0315-s10.

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Khan, Saad, Ruth Hauptman e Libusha Kelly. "Engineering the Microbiome to Prevent Adverse Events: Challenges and Opportunities". Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology 61, n. 1 (6 gennaio 2021): 159–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-031620-031509.

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In the past decade of microbiome research, we have learned about numerous adverse interactions between the microbiome and medical interventions such as drugs, radiation, and surgery. What if we could alter our microbiomes to prevent these events? In this review, we discuss potential routes to mitigate microbiome adverse events, including applications from the emerging field of microbiome engineering. We highlight cases where the microbiome acts directly on a treatment, such as via differential drug metabolism, and cases where a treatment directly harms the microbiome, such as in radiation therapy. Understanding and preventing microbiome adverse events is a difficult challenge that will require a data-driven approach involving causal statistics, multiomics techniques, and a personalized means of mitigating adverse events. We propose research considerations to encourage productive work in preventing microbiome adverse events, and we highlight the many challenges and opportunities that await.
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Møller, Katrine V., Jonas Bruhn Wesseltoft, Richelle Malazarte, Sabrina J. Kousgaard, Hans L. Nielsen, Erika Yashiro e Anders Olsen. "Usage of Cultured Human Fecal Microbiota for Colonization of Caenorhabditis elegans to Study Host–Microbe Interaction". Applied Microbiology 3, n. 4 (28 settembre 2023): 1130–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/applmicrobiol3040078.

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The role of the microbiota in health and disease is a research area receiving much attention in academia and industry. A person’s microbiota refers to a community of microorganisms found mainly in the gut. It is estimated that around 39 trillion bacteria can be found on and inside the human body and there is increasing evidence that they influence human health. Advances in sequencing techniques are revolutionizing characterization of the human microbiome. However, causality and underlying molecular mechanisms are still largely unknown due to the complexity of the human microbiome and its interaction with the host. Turning towards simpler host organisms and using well-defined microbiomes are two ways to strengthen studies of causality and mechanism. Here, we show that the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans can be used as host to study sub-microbiomes derived from human feces samples prepared for fecal microbiota transplantation following a simple feeding protocol. Approximately 200 amplicon sequence variants were identified in the worm gut following transplantation with human fecal microbiota samples. We find that the gut microbiome does not simply reflect the bacterial community initially fed to the worms. Hence, our experimental setup can be used to identify and characterize host genetic factors shaping the microbiota and improving our understanding of host–human microbiome interactions.
6

Yang, Letao, Lin Y. Hung, Yuefei Zhu, Suwan Ding, Kara G. Margolis e Kam W. Leong. "Material Engineering in Gut Microbiome and Human Health". Research 2022 (21 luglio 2022): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.34133/2022/9804014.

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Tremendous progress has been made in the past decade regarding our understanding of the gut microbiome’s role in human health. Currently, however, a comprehensive and focused review marrying the two distinct fields of gut microbiome and material research is lacking. To bridge the gap, the current paper discusses critical aspects of the rapidly emerging research topic of “material engineering in the gut microbiome and human health.” By engaging scientists with diverse backgrounds in biomaterials, gut-microbiome axis, neuroscience, synthetic biology, tissue engineering, and biosensing in a dialogue, our goal is to accelerate the development of research tools for gut microbiome research and the development of therapeutics that target the gut microbiome. For this purpose, state-of-the-art knowledge is presented here on biomaterial technologies that facilitate the study, analysis, and manipulation of the gut microbiome, including intestinal organoids, gut-on-chip models, hydrogels for spatial mapping of gut microbiome compositions, microbiome biosensors, and oral bacteria delivery systems. In addition, a discussion is provided regarding the microbiome-gut-brain axis and the critical roles that biomaterials can play to investigate and regulate the axis. Lastly, perspectives are provided regarding future directions on how to develop and use novel biomaterials in gut microbiome research, as well as essential regulatory rules in clinical translation. In this way, we hope to inspire research into future biomaterial technologies to advance gut microbiome research and gut microbiome-based theragnostics.
7

Beckers, Bram, Michiel Op De Beeck, Nele Weyens, Rebecca Van Acker, Marc Van Montagu, Wout Boerjan e Jaco Vangronsveld. "Lignin engineering in field-grown poplar trees affects the endosphere bacterial microbiome". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, n. 8 (11 gennaio 2016): 2312–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1523264113.

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Cinnamoyl-CoA reductase (CCR), an enzyme central to the lignin biosynthetic pathway, represents a promising biotechnological target to reduce lignin levels and to improve the commercial viability of lignocellulosic biomass. However, silencing of the CCR gene results in considerable flux changes of the general and monolignol-specific lignin pathways, ultimately leading to the accumulation of various extractable phenolic compounds in the xylem. Here, we evaluated host genotype-dependent effects of field-grown, CCR-down-regulated poplar trees (Populus tremula × Populus alba) on the bacterial rhizosphere microbiome and the endosphere microbiome, namely the microbiota present in roots, stems, and leaves. Plant-associated bacteria were isolated from all plant compartments by selective isolation and enrichment techniques with specific phenolic carbon sources (such as ferulic acid) that are up-regulated in CCR-deficient poplar trees. The bacterial microbiomes present in the endosphere were highly responsive to the CCR-deficient poplar genotype with remarkably different metabolic capacities and associated community structures compared with the WT trees. In contrast, the rhizosphere microbiome of CCR-deficient and WT poplar trees featured highly overlapping bacterial community structures and metabolic capacities. We demonstrate the host genotype modulation of the plant microbiome by minute genetic variations in the plant genome. Hence, these interactions need to be taken into consideration to understand the full consequences of plant metabolic pathway engineering and its relation with the environment and the intended genetic improvement.
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Maier, Lisa. "Pioneering microbiome engineering". Nature Reviews Microbiology 21, n. 10 (12 settembre 2023): 630. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41579-023-00949-4.

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Han, Kai, Jin Xu, Fang Xie, Julia Crowther e James J. Moon. "Engineering Strategies to Modulate the Gut Microbiome and Immune System". Journal of Immunology 212, n. 2 (15 gennaio 2024): 208–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.2300480.

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Abstract The gut microbiota, predominantly residing in the colon, is a complex ecosystem with a pivotal role in the host immune system. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota has been associated with various diseases, and there is an urgent need to develop new therapeutics that target the microbiome and restore immune functions. This Brief Review discusses emerging therapeutic strategies that focus on oral delivery systems for modulating the gut microbiome. These strategies include genetic engineering of probiotics, probiotic-biomaterial hybrids, dietary fibers, and oral delivery systems for microbial metabolites, antimicrobial peptides, RNA, and antibiotics. Engineered oral formulations have demonstrated promising outcomes in reshaping the gut microbiome and influencing immune responses in preclinical studies. By leveraging these approaches, the interplay between the gut microbiota and the immune system can be harnessed for the development of novel therapeutics against cancer, autoimmune disorders, and allergies.
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Petrushin, Ivan S., Nadezhda V. Filinova e Daria I. Gutnik. "Potato Microbiome: Relationship with Environmental Factors and Approaches for Microbiome Modulation". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, n. 2 (6 gennaio 2024): 750. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms25020750.

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Every land plant exists in a close relationship with microbial communities of several niches: rhizosphere, endosphere, phyllosphere, etc. The growth and yield of potato—a critical food crop worldwide—highly depend on the diversity and structure of the bacterial and fungal communities with which the potato plant coexists. The potato plant has a specific part, tubers, and the soil near the tubers as a sub-compartment is usually called the “geocaulosphere”, which is associated with the storage process and tare soil microbiome. Specific microbes can help the plant to adapt to particular environmental conditions and resist pathogens. There are a number of approaches to modulate the microbiome that provide organisms with desired features during inoculation. The mechanisms of plant–bacterial communication remain understudied, and for further engineering of microbiomes with particular features, the knowledge on the potato microbiome should be summarized. The most recent approaches to microbiome engineering include the construction of a synthetic microbial community or management of the plant microbiome using genome engineering. In this review, the various factors that determine the microbiome of potato and approaches that allow us to mitigate the negative impact of drought and pathogens are surveyed.

Tesi sul tema "Microbiome engineering":

1

Nguyen, Le Thanh Tu. "Engineering the human gut microbiome through personalized dietary interventions". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/130187.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biological Engineering, May, 2020
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
The human gastrointestinal tract is home to a dense and dynamic microbial community. The composition and metabolic output of the human gut microbiota have been implicated in many diseases: from inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer, and diarrheal diseases to metabolic syndromes like diabetes. Treatment of these diseases will likely require targeted therapeutic interventions aimed at modulating the abundance and metabolism of specific commensal microbial species or probiotics. A promising avenue for such interventions is through diet, where the dietary components act as substrates for the species producing beneficial metabolites one wishes to enrich. In this thesis, I focus on a dietary intervention study in healthy individuals. Since the human gut microbiota is known for its highly heterogeneous composition across different individuals, it comes as no surprise that a more personalized approach is preeminent.
We first test effects of multiple micronutrients spiked into a fixed diet. Using a highly controlled diet within the cohort, we identify strong and predictable responses of specific microbes across participants consuming prebiotic spike-ins. However, select macronutrient spike-ins like unsaturated or saturated fat and protein, produce no predictable response. We next investigate prebiotic supplement in diet further as well as its downstream products, short chain fatty acids, in the digestive tract. We look to alleviate the stress of a highly controlled, low complexity diet on participants by testing the effect of different prebiotics simultaneously ex vivo. We show that individuals vary in their microbial metabolic phenotypes (as in they produce different quantities and proportions of short chain fatty acids from the same prebiotic inputs) mirroring differences in their microbiota composition.
Finally, we run a pilot study to elucidate how closely our ex vivo experiment results may reflect the in vivo changes following a short-term dietary fiber supplementation. In addition to obtaining preliminary data on this direct comparison, we also explore different parameters for generating high-throughput data on personalized dietary interventions. Together, these projects provide the framework for building a predicative model for the effect that prebiotic dietary supplementation will have on gut microbiota's composition. Such a prediction model would be equally helpful in both enhancing individuals' gut health and improving gut dysbiosis in cases of disease.
by Le Thanh Tu Nguyen.
Ph. D.
Ph.D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biological Engineering
2

Duvallet, Claire Marie Noëlle. "Mining the human microbiome for clinical insight". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/123061.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biological Engineering, 2019
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
The human microbiome is essential for health and has been implicated in many diseases. DNA sequencing has enabled the detailed characterization of these human-associated microbial communities, leading to a rapid expansion in studies investigating the human microbiome. In this thesis, I describe multiple projects which overcome various data analysis challenges to extract useful clinical insights from microbiome data. In the first project, I present an analysis of lung, stomach, and oropharyngeal microbiomes. I leverage data collected from multiple sites per patient to identify aspiration-associated changes in the relationships between these communities, discovering new properties of the aerodigestive microbiome and suggesting new approaches for treatment. In the second project, I perform a meta-analysis of case-control gut microbiome datasets with standard data processing and analysis methods.
I find consistent patterns characterizing disease-associated microbiome changes and a set of shared associations which could inform clinical treatment and therapeutic development approaches for different microbiome-mediated diseases. Enabled by this work, in the third project I contribute to the development of a method to correct for batch effects in case-control microbiome studies. In the fourth project, I describe a framework for rational donor selection in fecal microbiota transplant clinical trials in which knowledge derived from clinical and basic science research is used to inform which donor is selected for fecal transplants, increasing the likelihood of successful trials. Finally, I present preliminary results analyzing the microbiome and metabolome of residential sewage as a novel platform for community-level public health surveillance.
Together, these projects demonstrate a variety of approaches to mine the human microbiome for clinically-relevant insights and suggests multiple avenues forward for translating findings from microbiome data analyses into clinical and public health impact.
by Claire Marie Noëlle Duvallet.
Ph. D.
Ph.D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biological Engineering
3

Eain, Marc Mac Giolla, Joanna Baginska, Kacy Greenhalgh, Joëlle V. Fritz, Frederic Zenhausern e Paul Wilmes. "Engineering Solutions for Representative Models of the Gastrointestinal Human-Microbe Interface". ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/623282.

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Host-microbe interactions at the gastrointestinal interface have emerged as a key component in the governance of human health and disease. Advances in micro-physiological systems are providing researchers with unprecedented access and insights into this complex relationship. These systems combine the benefits of microengineering, microfluidics, and cell culture in a bid to recreate the environmental conditions prevalent in the human gut. Here we present the human-microbial cross talk (HuMiX) platform, one such system that leverages this multidisciplinary approach to provide a representative in vitro model of the human gastrointestinal interface. HuMiX presents a novel and robust means to study the molecular interactions at the host-microbe interface. We summarize our proof-of-concept results obtained using the platform and highlight its potential to greatly enhance our understanding of host-microbe interactions with a potential to greatly impact the pharmaceutical, food, nutrition, and healthcare industries in the future. A number of key questions and challenges facing these technologies are also discussed. (C) 2017 THE AUTHORS. Published by Elsevier LTD on behalf of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and Higher Education Press Limited Company. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
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Holcomb, Steven John. "An oxygen-controlled in vitro model of the gastrointestinal human-microbiome interface". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/115669.

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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2018.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 86-88).
The gastrointestinal system plays a vital role in the functioning of the human body, processing food into useable energy, controlling homeostasis, and serving as the front line of the immune system. The intestines are aided in their many functions by the gut microbiome, a collection of 100 trillion anaerobic bacteria cells that live inside the GI tract. Although they play an essential part in the organ system, they remain little-represented in in vitro gastrointestinal models because of the difficulty of replicating the anaerobic conditions of the intestines. We constructed an in vitro model capable of growing aerobic epithelial intestinal cells along with anaerobic microbes in the same bioreactor. A device called the apical flow module seals a 12-well transwell and provides an inlet and outlet port into the apical chamber. Media is deoxygenated using nitrogen bubbles before it is pumped using a nitrogen-actuated pneumatic pump block. Microbes are injected into the anaerobic fluid through a rubber septum injection port before the fluid flows into the sealed transwell. Effluent is collected in sterile tubes at a controlled height so as to regulate the apical side pressure. Oxygen is provided to the basolateral human epithelial cells through basolateral circulation achieved using a pneumatic circulation plate. Preliminary testing confirms our ability to control the oxygen in all parts of the system and to grow cocultures of human and bacteria cells. Epithelial cells grown in our bioreactor show signs of behaving more similarly to cells in vivo when exposed to the conditions present in our system, providing researchers with an oxygen-controlled gastrointestinal in vitro model.
by Steven John Holcomb.
S.M.
5

Balhouse, Brittany Nicole. "N-(3-Oxododecanoyl)-L-Homoserine Lactone in the Breast Tumor Microenvironment". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/78027.

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The tumor microenvironment is a well-recognized contributor to cancer progression in solid tumors. Cancer cell interactions with abnormal extracellular matrix, tumor associated immune and stromal cells, and aberrant fluid flow all contribute to cancer progression. Breast tumors are often characterized by a dense collagenous stroma and a hypoxic core. A recently identified and little understood component of the breast tumor microenvironment is the breast microbiome. The work described here elaborates on the importance of the tumor microenvironment in cancer progression and demonstrates the importance of studying cancer-microbiome interactions in the context of tumor microenvironmental stimuli.
Master of Science
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Kearney, Sean M. (Sean Michael). "Towards engineering the gut microbiota". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/119909.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biological Engineering, 2018.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
The human gastrointestinal tract is home to a dense and dynamic microbial community. Recent advancements in sequencing technology have revealed numerous relationships between the composition of these communities and human and health and disease. In some cases, researchers have shown causal relationships between the presence or absence of particular microorganisms and disease. These findings offer promise for using microorganisms or microbial communities to modulate health and disease, but to date, we lack tools and mechanistic insight needed for rational engineering of these communities. Understanding how microorganisms enter, colonize, grow, and disperse to new hosts present key considerations for rational engineering of the human gastrointestinal tract. In this thesis, I use experimental studies of the human and murine gastrointestinal tract to address these considerations. In the first study, I examined endospores and other resistant cell types in the gastrointestinal communities of unrelated humans to identify the ecological role of these states in the distribution of bacterial populations in healthy people. I used this information to infer shared roles for these organisms in successional states in the human gut, and identify host- and diet-derived metabolites as environmental signals mediating the growth and colonization of these organisms. In the second study, I examined the potential for using targeted manipulations of diet to favor selective growth and colonization by an introduced bacterium in the murine gastrointestinal tract. I showed that resource exclusivity of this bacterium permits its selective expansion in this environment, and negatively impacts the growth of other commensals. Central to the goal of rational engineering of the gut microbiota, these studies reveal ecological considerations that may promote or inhibit colonization by introduced commensals in this complex ecosystem. This work invites provides a conceptual framework for integrating systems microbial ecology with engineering design to manipulate the composition of the gastrointestinal microbiota.
by Sean M. Kearney.
Ph. D.
7

Dijamentiuk, Alexis. "Propagation de communautés bactériennes : modelage, stabilisation et sélection pour la biopréservation". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LORR0124.

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Les découvertes récentes sur les communautés microbiennes, ou microbiotes, ont révélé un potentiel biotechnologique considérable dans divers domaines. Ils sont considérés comme essentiels pour accélérer l'innovation dans les systèmes de production alimentaire. Toutefois, les procédés existants ne sont pas adaptés à la culture des microbiotes. La difficulté que représente la culture de microbiotes a notamment pour origine la capacité des microorganismes à interagir par compétition, qui peut conduire à la réduction indésirable de la biodiversité au sein du réacteur de culture. Ce phénomène peut aboutir à l'obtention de communautés qui ne présentent pas les fonctionnalités souhaitées. L'objectif de cette thèse est d'étudier l'influence de la propagation de microbiotes en condition contrôlée sur leur structure et leur fonction. Les travaux de cette thèse ont permis de développer et de déterminer la performance d'un procédé excluant la compétition microbienne pour la culture de communautés bactériennes. La stratégie choisie repose sur le micro-confinement et la ségrégation spatiale des bactéries au sein d'un bouillon de culture structuré en émulsion inverse. Après avoir étudié l'effet de la culture en émulsion inverse sur la croissance de bactéries individuelles, les travaux ont comparé son effet sur la dynamique de communautés propagées selon un régime séquentiel, ou backslopping, avec celui exercé par un système classique non-émulsionné. Les résultats ont montré que l'utilisation d'une émulsion inverse conduit à la génération de nouvelles structures de communautés au cours de la propagation, et que l'utilisation de la culture classique conduit à leur stabilisation. Les comportements différents issus de ces deux systèmes de culture en font des outils complémentaires pour le modelage et la propagation de communautés microbiennes. Enfin, l'effet de la propagation sur la variabilité fonctionnelle de communautés a été étudiée dans un contexte de biopréservation. Le criblage de microbiotes de laits crus propagés a montré qu'ils se différenciaient en termes de robustesse et de reproductibilité de leur activité anti-Listeria, justifiant de tenir compte de la variabilité fonctionnelle des communautés pour leur sélection dans un contexte d'ingénierie de microbiotes
Recent discoveries about microbial communities, or microbiota, have revealed considerable biotechnological potential in a variety of fields. They are considered essential to accelerate innovation in food production systems. However, existing processes are not adapted to the cultivation of microbiota. One major barrier to community propagation is competition between microorganisms, which can lead to an undesirable reduction in biodiversity within the culture reactor. This phenomenon can lead to communities that lack the desired functionality. The objective of this thesis was to study the influence of microbiota propagation, under controlled conditions, on their structure and function. During this work, a process of microbial culture excluding microbial competition for the propagation of bacterial communities was developed. The chosen strategy is based on the micro-confinement and spatial segregation of bacteria within a broth structured as an invert emulsion. The effect of the invert emulsion culture on the growth of individual bacteria was studied, then the effect of this system on the dynamics of communities propagated according to a sequential regime, or backslopping, as well as that exerted by a conventional non-emulsified system was investigated. The results showed that the use of an inverse emulsion leads to the generation of new community structures during propagation, and that the use of the classical culture leads to their stabilization. The different behaviors of these two culture systems make them complementary tools for the modeling and the propagation of microbial communities. Finally, the effect of propagation on the functional variability of communities was studied in a biopreservation context. The screening of propagated raw milk microbiota showed that they differed in terms of robustness and reproducibility of anti-Listeria activity, emphasizing the need to take into account the functional variability of communities when selecting communities of interest for microbiota engineering
8

Krishnan, Smitha. "Gut Microbiota Metabolites Modulate Inflammation in Non- Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease". Thesis, Tufts University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10812893.

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Recent findings, including our own work, demonstrated that intestinal microbiota species produce bioactive metabolites that engage host cellular pathways. Microbiota-derived metabolites have also been detected in circulation and in the, setting up the intriguing possibility that these bacterial products could directly interact with host cellular pathways at distant sites. The study described in this abstract investigates the hypothesis that gut microbiota dysbiosis perturbs the balance of immunomodulatory microbiota metabolites, which exacerbates liver inflammation in steatosis. We utilize a multi-omic approach to identify microbiota-dependent immunomodulatory metabolites and characterize their effects on liver inflammation and metabolic function. In summary, we show that the levels of AAA-derived microbiota metabolites are significantly depleted in a diet model of liver steatosis, and that these metabolite can act directly on hepatocytes to modulate inflammatory pathways. Our results also show that the microbiota metabolites are ligands for the AhR, which could provide a mechanistic link for the observed anti-inflammatory effects. Taken together, our findings support the hypothesis that dysbiosis of the gut microbiota could predispose the liver to inflammation in diet-induced steatosis through an altered microbiota metabolite profile. Prospectively, additional insights into the mechanisms underlying the link between microbiota dysbiosis and NAFLD could provide novel strategies to treat or prevent the progression of fatty liver diseases through the use of probiotics or postbiotics.

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Blackburn, Matthew Christopher. "Development of new tools and applications for high-throughput sequencing of microbiomes in environmental or clinical samples". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/62136.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, 2010.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 61-65).
Novel sequencing technologies are rapidly advancing studies of microbial community structure and diversity. Sequencing platforms like the Illumina Genome Analyzer II (GAI1) and the Applied Biosystems SOLiD enable experiments that were previously too expensive or time-consuming by providing a very large number of short reads at a significantly lower cost per base pair (bp) than conventional longer-read systems like the Roche-454 GS FLX pyrosequencing instrument. Short-read platforms, however, are not readily amenable to some applications like metagenomics and metatranscriptomics, and therefore pyrosequencing remains the dominant sequencing technique in these fields. The primary reason short-read technologies have not been used for metagenomic analyses is due to the difficulty of confidently assigning phylogeny or putative gene function to short sequences. In an effort to overcome this limitation, a strategy was developed for preparing libraries from sheared genomic DNA with tunable size distributions using solid phase reversible immobilization (SPRI). This size selection captures DNA fragments of the necessary length to enable the generation of overlapping reads when sequenced from both ends. The lower-quality ends of mated reads were then used to produce a high-quality consensus sequence in the region of overlap. The fraction of composite reads that could be assigned to a taxon was similar to those from 454-FLX, despite the slightly shorter average read length of the composite Illumina reads. This technique successfully demonstrates a practical and economical alternative to 454-FLX for metagenomics. In addition, a scalable, fully automated process for creating sequence-ready, barcoded libraries of 16S rDNA for microbial diversity studies was developed for the Illumina platform. This process will enable sequencing of hundreds of environmental samples on a single Illumina flowcell, greatly decreasing the cost per sample while providing thousands of short-reads for microbial ecology studies. The incorporation of error-correcting, short DNA "barcodes" (also called tags or indexes) during polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the 16S sequence facilitates sample multiplexing. This process also utilizes the SPRI method to replace column-based reaction clean-ups, enabling the library preparation procedure to be performed almost entirely by a robotic liquid handling workstation. Finally, two unique PCR primer systems (primer-clipping and primer-skipping) were engineered to increase the informative read length of 16S sequence by either cutting the known universal tract out of the final-product to be sequenced, or by omitting sequencing of the universal regions using specially-crafted primers designed to be compatible with Illumina platform conditions. By applying both the overlapping-read technique and multiplexed 16S library preparation workflow, a streamlined approach for efficient gene and species discovery has been assembled to accommodate new metagenomic applications for the Illumina sequencing platform.
by Matthew Christopher Blackburn.
S.M.
10

Dias, Joana Miloski. "Caracterização da microbiota envolvida nos processos aeróbios (lodos ativados) e anaeróbios (UASB) de uma indústria de alimentos". Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2015. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=8792.

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Abstract (sommario):
O aumento da concentração de nutrientes nos corpos receptores, principalmente nitrogênio e fósforo oriundos de efluentes sanitários e industriais pode gerar o fenômeno da eutrofização. Para que isto não ocorra é necessário que este efluente passe por um tratamento adequado, no entanto, o papel desempenhado por diversos grupos de microrganismos encontrados nos sistemas de tratamento de efluentes não é completamente compreendido devido à complexidade das interações. Este trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar a estrutura e dinâmica da comunidade microbiana (bactérias envolvidas no ciclo do nitrogênio e microfauna) e avaliar a atividade biológica dos reatores aeróbio e anaeróbio de uma indústria de alimentos. Os parâmetros físico-químicos da estação de tratamento foram monitorados, bem como foi feita a avaliação da estrutura e dinâmica da comunidade bacteriana envolvida no ciclo do nitrogênio por meio da técnica de Hibridização in situ Fluorescente. A microfauna do reator aeróbio foi caracterizada e classificada conforme o Índice Biótico do Lodo. A atividade biológica do lodo foi avaliada através do Teste de Respirometria e foram feitas correlações entre a microbiota encontrada no reator aeróbio e parâmetros físico-químicos. Os parâmetros físico-químicos analisados estiveram dentro dos limites permitidos pelas legislações federais e estaduais e os parâmetros Demanda Bioquímica de Oxigênio, Demanda Química de Oxigênio e Nitrogênio Kjeldahl foram reduzidos de 99,8%, 99,6% e 74,9%, respectivamente. Foi possível observar a presença tanto de bactérias oxidadoras de nitrito quanto de amônia em ambos os reatores analisados, bem como em cada ponto de coletas dentro dos reatores. A bactéria Pseudomonas fluorescens também ocorreu em todos os pontos de coleta dos dois reatores. Dentre os grupos que compõem a microfauna do lodo ativado, os ciliados rastejantes foram os mais frequentes, seguido pelas tecamebas, rotíferos, ciliados sésseis, ciliados livre natantes, flagelados e outros invertebrados. Além disso, não houve diferença entre as densidades dos grupos encontradas nos Pontos 1 e 2 do reator aeróbio e o Índice Biótico do Lodo encontrado foi igual a 8 (classe I). A semelhança apresentada entre a Taxa de Consumo de Oxigênio dos pontos 1 e 2, bem como a Taxa de Consumo de Oxigênio específica entre os pontos 1 e 2 sugere que o oxigênio é distribuído de forma homogênea dentro do tanque de aeração, fazendo com que os microrganismos tenham condições semelhantes de crescimento. Os ciliados livre natantes apresentaram correlação positiva com a DQO e DBO5 e os ciliados sésseis apresentaram correlação negativa com a DQO e com a DBO5. Os rotíferos apresentaram correlação negativa com Sólidos Suspensos Voláteis do reator aeróbio. Os ciliados rastejantes, tecamebas e rotíferos apresentaram correlação positiva com a microfauna total encontrada no reator aeróbio. Os ciliados livre natantes apresentaram correlação negativa com os ciliados sésseis, bactérias totais, Nitrobacter e outras bactérias; e correlação positiva com outros invertebrados. Os flagelados apresentaram correlação negativa com as bactérias totais, enquanto as outras bactérias apresentaram correlação positiva. Os outros invertebrados apresentaram correlação negativa com Nitrobacter.
The increasing concentration of nutrients in receiving water bodies, especially nitrogen and phosphorus originating from domestic and industrial effluent discharges can cause eutrophication. In order to avoid that, the effluents must be properly treated for nutrients removal in wastewater treatment plants prior discharge. However, the role played by various groups of microorganisms found in wastewater treatment systems is not completely understood due to the complexity of interactions. This study aimed to characterize the structure and dynamics of microbial community (with focus on bacteria involved in the nitrogen cycle and microfauna) and evaluate the biological activity of aerobic and anaerobic reactors for wastewater treatment operated at a food industry. The physical and chemical parameters of the treatment plant were monitored. At the same time, hybridization in situ fluorescent assessed the structure and dynamics of bacterial community involved in the nitrogen cycle. The microfauna in the aerobic reactor were characterized and classified according to the Sludge Biotic Index. The sludge biological activity was assessed by respirometry assays and correlations were made between the microbiota found in the aerobic reactor and selected physicochemical parameters. The physical and chemical parameters analysed complied with the limits allowed by the federal and state regulations and parameters Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Kjeldahl nitrogen were reduced 99.8%, 99.6% and 74.9%, respectively. It was found the presence of both nitrite-oxidizing and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in both reactors and in each sampling point within the reactors. Pseudomonas fluorescens bacteria also occurred in all collection points of both reactors. Among the microorganism groups observed in the activated sludge, crawling ciliates were the most frequent, followed by tecamoebians, rotifers, ciliates sessile, free natant ciliates, flagellates and other invertebrates. In addition, there was no difference between the densities of the groups found in Points 1 and 2 in the aerobic reactor and the Sludge Biotic Index was found equal to 8 (class I). The similarity between the presented Oxygen Consumption Rate of items 1 and 2 as well as the Oxygen Consumption Rate particularly between points 1 and 2 suggest that oxygen is distributed evenly within the aeration tank, causing the microorganisms to have similar growth conditions. The free natant ciliates were positively correlated with COD and BOD5 and sessile ciliates showed a negative correlation with the COD and the BOD5. Rotifers were negatively correlated with Suspended Volatile Solids in the aerobic reactor. Crawling ciliates, rotifers and the tecamoebians were positively correlated with the total microorganisms found in the aerobic reactor. The free natant ciliates showed a negative correlation with the sessile ciliates, total bacteria, Nitrobacter and other bacteria and a positive correlation with other invertebrates. The flagellates were negatively correlated with the total bacteria, while other bacteria were positively correlated. The other invertebrates showed a negative correlation with Nitrobacter.

Libri sul tema "Microbiome engineering":

1

Weissbrodt, David Gregory. Engineering Granular Microbiomes. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-41009-3.

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Chen, Sway Peng. Novel genetic engineering tools for functional alteration of mammalian gut microbiomes. [New York, N.Y.?]: [publisher not identified], 2019.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Microbiome engineering":

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Namratha, M. P. "Factors Regulating the Human Microbiome". In Engineering, Science, and Sustainability, 123–27. London: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003388982-25.

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Mishra, Jayshree, Khyati Amin, Longxiang Kuang e Narendra Kumar. "Gut Microbiome and Obesity: Connecting Link". In Microbial Engineering for Therapeutics, 71–99. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3979-2_4.

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Vadela, Manohar Babu, Satyanagalakshmi Karri e Vijay A. K. B. Gundi. "New Paradigms on Microbiome Diagnostic Design and Engineering". In Human Microbiome in Health, Disease, and Therapy, 265–85. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-5114-7_14.

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Orukotan, Kesioluwa Eunice, Gift Nzubechi Elughi, Bowofoluwa Sharon Abimbola, Abimbola David Akinyosoye, Eze Frank Ahuekwe e Olubukola Oziegbe. "Plant Microbiome Engineering: Principles, Methods, and Current Trends". In Biotechnological Approaches to Sustainable Development Goals, 251–67. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-33370-5_17.

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Naitam, Mayur, Rajeev Kaushik e Anjney Sharma. "Crop Microbiome Engineering and Relevance in Abiotic Stress Tolerance". In Soil Biology, 253–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76863-8_13.

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Pati, Niladri Bhusan, Swarupa Panda e Frode Lars Jahnsen. "The Human Gut Microbiome in Health, Disease, and Therapeutics". In Microbial Engineering for Therapeutics, 249–60. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3979-2_11.

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Alphonse, Joshy, Anokha N. Binosh, Sneha Raj, Sanjay Pal e Nidheesh Melethadathil. "Semantic Retrieval of Microbiome Information Based on Deep Learning". In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 41–50. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6987-0_4.

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Malviya, Deepti, Talat Ilyas, Rajan Chaurasia, Udai B. Singh, Mohammad Shahid, Shailesh K. Vishwakarma, Zaryab Shafi, Bavita Yadav, Sushil K. Sharma e Harsh V. Singh. "Engineering the Plant Microbiome for Biotic Stress Tolerance: Biotechnological Advances". In Rhizosphere Microbes, 133–51. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5872-4_7.

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Bazaz, Mohd Rabi, Ziaur Rahman, Insha Qadir, Tulasi Pasam e Manoj P. Dandekar. "Importance of Gut Microbiome-Based Therapeutics in Cancer Treatment". In Targeted Cancer Therapy in Biomedical Engineering, 831–85. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-9786-0_24.

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Kundu, Debasree, Chinmay Hazra e Ambalal Chaudhari. "Bioremediation of Nitroaromatics (NACs)-Based Explosives: Integrating ‘-Omics’ and Unmined Microbiome Richness". In Environmental Science and Engineering, 179–99. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01083-0_9.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Microbiome engineering":

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Xiao, Hongyu. "Impact of gut microbiome on anxiety". In 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FRONTIERS OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING (FBSE 2021). AIP Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0094814.

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Lincoln, Stephen, Jacquelynn Benjamino, Joerg Graf e Ranjan Srivastava. "Metabolite Overproduction through Engineering and Optimization of Microbiome Composition Dynamics". In GECCO '16: Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2908961.2908999.

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Reiman, Derek, Ahmed Metwally e Yang Dai. "Using convolutional neural networks to explore the microbiome". In 2017 39th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/embc.2017.8037799.

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Xu, Zhiyu. "A glimpse into the gut microbiome: A metagenomic approach". In 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FRONTIERS OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING (FSBE 2019). AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0000351.

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"High-precision functional profiling of microbial communities and the human microbiome". In 2015 41st Annual Northeast Biomedical Engineering Conference (NEBEC). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nebec.2015.7117216.

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Jibiki, Takaharu, Shintaro Sengoku e Kota Kodama. "Consideration on the Standardization and Industrialization of Human Microbiome Technologies in Japan". In 2022 Portland International Conference on Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/picmet53225.2022.9882682.

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Fernandez, M., M. Jaric, L. Schneper, J. Segal, E. Silva-Herzog, M. Campos, J. Fishman et al. "A Metagenomic Approach to the Airways Microbiome of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)". In 2013 29th Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference (SBEC 2013). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sbec.2013.84.

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Jiang, Xiaoqing, Congmin Xu, Qian Guo e Huaiqiu Zhu. "AI-aided Data Mining in Gut Microbiome: The Road to Precision Medicine". In 2021 14th International Congress on Image and Signal Processing, BioMedical Engineering and Informatics (CISP-BMEI). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cisp-bmei53629.2021.9624432.

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Nuhamunada, Matin, Gregorius Altius Pratama, Setianing Wikanthi, Mohamad Khoirul Anam, R. Ludhang Pradhipta Rizki e Nastiti Wijayanti. "Data Mining and Comparative Analysis of Human Skin Microbiome from EBI Metagenomics Database". In 2018 1st International Conference on Bioinformatics, Biotechnology, and Biomedical Engineering (BioMIC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/biomic.2018.8610588.

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Lu, Xuedou. "Alzheimer’s disease’s tau and amyloid-beta hypothesis - Interplay with the innate immune system, neuroinflammation and gut microbiome". In 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FRONTIERS OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING (FBSE 2021). AIP Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0095072.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Microbiome engineering":

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Levesque-Tremblay, Gabriel. International Conference on Microbiome Engineering (ICME 2018). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), novembre 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1592173.

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Purdue iGEM, Purdue iGEM. Engineering Bacteria of the Lung Microbiome to Degrade Carcinogens and Toxins. Experiment, maggio 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18258/9470.

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