Bibliografie tematiche / Micro-Macro models

Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Micro-Macro models"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 6 luglio 2024

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Micro-Macro models":

Kowerski, Mieczysław, Jarosław Bielak e Mariusz Poninkiewicz. "Financial micro-macro qualitative response models". Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H, Oeconomia 48, n. 3 (16 gennaio 2015): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/h.2015.48.3.167.

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C., D., J. Stillwell e J. Congdon. "Migration Models: Macro and Micro Approaches". Population (French Edition) 47, n. 3 (maggio 1992): 795. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1533753.

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Wagner, Michael. "Migration Models: Macro and Micro Approaches". Population Studies 47, n. 2 (1 luglio 1993): 375–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0032472031000147186.

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Nicola, PierCarlo. "Micro-founded macro-models and labour market☆". Chaos, Solitons & Fractals 29, n. 3 (agosto 2006): 671–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2005.08.098.

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Kedar, Orit, e W. Phillips Shively. "Introduction to the Special Issue". Political Analysis 13, n. 4 (2005): 297–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pan/mpi027.

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Abstract (sommario):

The use of multilevel models—models in which lower-level (“micro”) units are nested within higher-level (“macro”) units—has blossomed recently in political science. Possible relationships in such models include macro variables influencing macro variables; micro variables influencing micro variables; macro variables influencing micro variables, and vice versa; and often most interestingly, micro-micro relationships varying interactively with macro variables. Most work in political science has drawn on the useful introductions of Raudenbush and Bryk (2002), Western (1998), and Steenbergen and Jones (2002). We refer readers to good general introductions/reviews of multi-level modeling in the articles in this issue by Bowers and Drake and by Franzese.

Buera, Francisco J., Joseph P. Kaboski e Robert M. Townsend. "From Micro to Macro Development". Journal of Economic Literature 61, n. 2 (1 giugno 2023): 471–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jel.20211537.

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Macroeconomic development remains an important policy goal because of its ability to lift entire populations out of poverty. In our review of the literature, we emphasize that the best way to achieve this objective is to embrace a synthesis of methods and ideas, with the science of experiments as a unifying feature. Randomized controlled trials need representative data and structural modeling, and macro models need to be designed and disciplined to the realities and data of developing-country economies. Macroeconomic models have key lessons for gathering and analyzing micro evidence and for moving to an evaluation of macro policy. Resource constraints, heterogeneity, general equilibrium effects, obstacles to trade, dynamics, and returns to scale can all play key roles. A synthesis for macro development is well under way. (JEL C93, D00, E00, O10, O11, O12)

Ma, Lian Xiang, Rong Shan Bi, Xin Shun Tan, Zhen Dong Liu, Wen Wu Chen e Shi Qing Zheng. "Turbulent Mixing and Scale-Up of Ejectors at High Schmidt Number". Advanced Materials Research 233-235 (maggio 2011): 1340–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.233-235.1340.

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Micro- and Macro-mixing models were built and numerical investigation of turbulent mixing in ejectors was carried out. Mixture fraction and its variance presented by Fox were remodeled to demonstrate micro- and macro-mixing performance. The length needed to reach 98% micro- and macro-mixing were founded is functions of uj/umand D/d. The mathematical scale-up models were presented based on the simulation results using least square method for micro- and macro-mixing and five different cases were used to validate the models. The results showed that macro-mixing scale-up model agreed well with CFD simulations but the micro-mixing scale-up model had a less precision compared with that of macro-mixing model. This because that the mechanism of micro-mixing process is very complexity but the CFD models we used in this work are fairy simple.

Imbens, G. W., e T. Lancaster. "Combining Micro and Macro Data in Microeconometric Models". Review of Economic Studies 61, n. 4 (1 ottobre 1994): 655–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2297913.

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Boutin, Claude, Francesco dell’Isola, Ivan Giorgio e Luca Placidi. "Linear pantographic sheets: Asymptotic micro-macro models identification". Mathematics and Mechanics of Complex Systems 5, n. 2 (13 maggio 2017): 127–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2140/memocs.2017.5.127.

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Morini, G. "Micro and Macro Models of the Sweet Receptor". Chemical Senses 30, Supplement 1 (1 gennaio 2005): i86—i87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bjh126.

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Tesi sul tema "Micro-Macro models":

Dias, Fernandes Lucas. "From micro to macro : spatial models in molecular and evolutionary biology". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2016. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=229716.

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The characteristics of space and the movement of agents are intrinsic elements which are fundamental to any class of biological problems. From the diffusion properties of small and macromolecules in the cytoplasm, to the migration patterns of populations in a macroecological perspective, it is now clear that a full understanding of the different phenomena requires further insights not only on how the different elements interact, but on the different ways they are distributed in space, according to the proper spatial scales for each problem. This work analyzes three different classes of biological problems, focusing on the role played by space in understanding the phenomena from a theoretical perspective. First, we investigate the clustering of mechanosensitive channels on bacterial membranes and how their spatial distribution can lead to collective behaviour, significantly altering their functions. Second, we study protein production, trying to understand how particular properties on ribosomes' diffusion are linked with specific features of the translation process. Finally, on a very different scale, we explore spatial patterns' formation on a coevolutionary problem, where the interaction between two species is site-dependent. We approach these problems with different analytical and numerical techniques, revealing new biological aspects and providing novel views on current discussions in each field. We believe our results reinforce the importance of theoretical approaches to Biology and how space can significantly change many of these models.

Göktepe, Serdar. "Micro-macro approaches to rubbery and glassy polymers : predictive micromechanically-based models and simulations". Stuttgart Institut für Mechanik (Bauwesen) der Universität Stuttgart, 2007. http://elib.uni-stuttgart.de/opus/volltexte/2007/3342/.

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Gauntt, Stephen Byron. "Micro-chamber filling experiments for validation of macro models with applications in capillary driven microfluidics". [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2538.

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Tian, Kun. "Essays on price rigidity in the UK : evidence from micro data and implications for macro models". Thesis, Cardiff University, 2012. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/49986/.

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This study consists of three individual essays which all shed light on assessing the price rigidity by using price micro data in the UK. The relevant implications for macro models are also discussed in each essay respectively. The first essay gives a unified framework a la Dixon (2012) to gauge the price rigidity from three perspectives: frequency, hazard function and distribution across firms. On average, the monthly frequency of consumer price change is 19% between 1996 and 2007. Sales and substitutions will significantly affect the frequency of consumer price change. The frequency of consumer price change varies considerable across sectors. The fraction of price changes which are decreasing is about 40%. The hazard function is downward sloping with 12-month spike. The censoring and sampling issues in the estimation of hazard function are discussed thoroughly. The distribution across firms is derived from estimated hazard function, which is consistent with the frequency of price changes. Two benchmark sticky price models are calibrated and simulated. Furthermore, a multiple Calvo and multiple menu costs model are also simulated, based on the empirical finding in micro data. The simulation results suggest that introducing heterogeneity into sticky price models can improve models' fitness in respect to matching micro evidence. The second essay mainly focus on "the monthly frequency of price changes", which is a prominent feature of many studies of the CPI micro-data. In this essay, we see how much the frequency ties down the behavior of price-setters ("firms") in steady-state in terms of the average length of price-spells across firms. We are able to divide an upper and lower bound for the mean duration of price-spells averaged across firms. We use the UK CPI data at the aggregate and sectoral level and find that the actual mean is about twice the theoretical minimum consistent with the observed frequency. We estimate the distribution using the hazard function and find that although the estimated hazard differs significantly from the Calvo distribution, the means and medians are similar. However, despite the micro differences, we find that the artificial Calvo distributions generated using the sectoral frequencies result in very similar impulse responses to the estimated hazards when used in the Smets-Wouters (2003) model. The third essay examines the behavior of individual producer prices in the UK. A number of stylized facts about price setting behavior are uncovered. A time-varying Ss model is set up in a way that is consistent with the stylized facts obtained from the UK PPI data. A duration model (semiparametric survival analysis model) is built in line with the time-varying Ss model. This duration model is estimated by controlling for observed and unobserved heterogeneity across firms. The estimation results suggest that the increase in the inflation rate will significantly increase the hazard rate of price change. The other factors considered in the model will also affect the hazard rate of price change, while in different magnitude.

Göktepe, Serdar [Verfasser]. "Micro-macro approaches to rubbery and glassy polymers : predictive micromechanically-based models and simulations / vorgelegt von Serdar Göktepe". Stuttgart : Inst. für Mechanik (Bauwesen), 2007. http://d-nb.info/99705350X/34.

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Jonsson, Gabriel, Louise Fredriksson e Miljevic Rebecca Lööv. "Exploring how Barriers to Circular Business Models can be Overcome on a Macro and Micro Level : -a Swedish Textile Industry Perspective". Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Jönköping University, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-49143.

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Background: The resource demanding textile industry has long been linked to the linear economy, an economy contributing to negative effects on the environment. However, there is an alternative to the linear economy, namely the circular economy. In a circular economy, a closed-loop design is promoted in order to eliminate the negative effects of the linear economy. However, in the context of the Swedish textile industry, there is a lack of case studies on the topic and especially regarding experienced barriers to a circular business model as well as drivers and enablers needed to overcome these barriers. Purpose: The purpose of this research is to support the development of the Sustainable Development Goal 12: sustainable production and consumption. This is done through exploring the experienced barriers to circular business models among companies in the Swedish textile industry at a macro and micro level, but also drivers and enablers in order to overcome these barriers. Method: This research follows an interpretivist view and an inductive approach based on a cross-case analysis of five companies. The research is qualitative and semi-structured interviews were conducted with open questions. The identified themes were analysed and interpreted with a careful awareness of the trustworthiness and ethical considerations. Conclusion: The result showed five barriers which appeared to be the most common across the companies. Namely, technological un-readiness, circularity costs, market unacceptance, financial shortage and knowledge gap. For these barriers, possible solutions in the form of drivers and enablers were identified. According to the findings, the identified drivers and enablers which have the greatest potential of positive impact on the barriers were as follows: knowledge sharing, collaboration, regulatory changes, more research and refocus of efforts

PANSINI, ROSARIA VEGA. "Lo studio dell'impatto delle politiche sulla distribuzione del reddito in una prospettiva micro-macro. Il caso del Vietnam". Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/228.

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Obiettivo di questo lavoro è studiare i fattori socio-economici responsabili del cambiamento nella distribuzione del reddito dovuto a un cambiamento nel contesto politico di riferimento, in Vietnam durante il periodo delle riforme. La metodologia adottata analizza i cambiamenti nella distribuzione del reddito sia a livello micro che a livello macro. A livello micro, l'analisi indaga sulle caratteristiche individuali e familiari da cui dipende il livello e la distribuzione della spesa. E' possibile inoltre valutare gli effetti diretti di cambiamenti nel quadro politico di riferimento. Il livello macro di analisi consente di individuare le caratteristiche strutturali della disuguaglianza nella distribuzione del reddito personale e di isolare anche gli effetti indiretti delle politiche. Gli strumenti analitici selezionati in questo studio sono un modello supply-driven, rappresentato da un modello di microsimulazione e un modello demand-driven, costituito dalla Matrice di Contabilità Sociale. In particolare, il modello di microsimulazione ha consentito la derivazione di una distribuzione controfattuale e la disaggregazione della variazione della disuguaglianza in Vietnam in: effetto di prezzo, effetto di una variazione della componente non osservata dei salari, effetto dovuto a cambiamenti nelle scelte occupazioni e effetti dovuti a cambiamenti nella popolazione. Utilizzando una nuova metodologia di scomposizione ad un livello microscopico dei moltiplicatori derivati dalla SAM, è stato possibile derivare e isolare tutti gli effetti diretti e indiretti di uno shock esogeno sulla distribuzione personale del reddito.
The aim of this work is to investigate the socio-economic factors that affect in income distribution changes caused by changes in the policy framework in Vietnam during the period of reforms. The adopted methodology analyzes policy induced changes in income distribution both at the micro and the macro level. At the micro level, the analysis of inequality can help identifying the socio-economic factors affecting the level of household expenditure and its distribution and evaluating direct effects of policies. The macro level identifies the structural characteristics of inequality and evaluates also the indirect effects of policies on the personal income distribution. The two analytical tools have been selected have been a supply driven model represented by the microsimulation model and a demand driven model, constituted by the Social Accounting Matrix. The microsimulation model allowed deriving a counterfactual distribution of income and disaggregating change in the Vietnamese income inequality into four effects: price effect, effect of a change in the unobservable component of wages, occupational choice effect and population effect. Using a new technique of decomposition of SAM-based multipliers in 'microscopic' detail, the macro model allowed deriving all the direct and indirect effects of an exogenous shock to personal income distribution.

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Eisman, Elyktra. "GIS-integrated mathematical modeling of social phenomena at macro- and micro- levels—a multivariate geographically-weighted regression model for identifying locations vulnerable to hosting terrorist safe-houses: France as case study". FIU Digital Commons, 2015. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2261.

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Adaptability and invisibility are hallmarks of modern terrorism, and keeping pace with its dynamic nature presents a serious challenge for societies throughout the world. Innovations in computer science have incorporated applied mathematics to develop a wide array of predictive models to support the variety of approaches to counterterrorism. Predictive models are usually designed to forecast the location of attacks. Although this may protect individual structures or locations, it does not reduce the threat—it merely changes the target. While predictive models dedicated to events or social relationships receive much attention where the mathematical and social science communities intersect, models dedicated to terrorist locations such as safe-houses (rather than their targets or training sites) are rare and possibly nonexistent. At the time of this research, there were no publically available models designed to predict locations where violent extremists are likely to reside. This research uses France as a case study to present a complex systems model that incorporates multiple quantitative, qualitative and geospatial variables that differ in terms of scale, weight, and type. Though many of these variables are recognized by specialists in security studies, there remains controversy with respect to their relative importance, degree of interaction, and interdependence. Additionally, some of the variables proposed in this research are not generally recognized as drivers, yet they warrant examination based on their potential role within a complex system. This research tested multiple regression models and determined that geographically-weighted regression analysis produced the most accurate result to accommodate non-stationary coefficient behavior, demonstrating that geographic variables are critical to understanding and predicting the phenomenon of terrorism. This dissertation presents a flexible prototypical model that can be refined and applied to other regions to inform stakeholders such as policy-makers and law enforcement in their efforts to improve national security and enhance quality-of-life.

Švéda, Pavel. "Simulátor dopravy na pozemních komunikacích". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-237189.

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This Master's Thesis deals with the possibilities for the practical usage of traffic simulations as tools for seeking solutions to various kinds of problems such as road traffic flow, the environmental impact of traffic, etc. It contains a description of the basic terms in the area of traffic simulation models, advantages of their practical usage, and furthermore, it describes the basic general methods of and attitudes to the most commonly used traffic simulations. In the second part, the analysis and the design of an original micro traffic simulator are included. Finally, the traffic simulator is implemented and tested on a real traffic situation.

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Libri sul tema "Micro-Macro models":

Stillwell, John C. H. 1952- e Congdon P, a cura di. Migration models: Macro and micro approaches. London: Belhaven Press, 1991.

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Comin, Diego. Diverging trends in macro and micro volatility: Facts. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2004.

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Comin, Diego. Diverging trends in macro and micro volatility: Facts. Cambridge, Mass: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2004.

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Jiang, Mingjing. Geomechanics and Geotechnics: From Micro to Macro. Abingdon: CRC Press [Imprint], 2010.

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Puppo, Gabriella, e Andrea Tosin, a cura di. Mathematical Descriptions of Traffic Flow: Micro, Macro and Kinetic Models. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66560-9.

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Cadwallader, Martin T. Migration and residential mobility: Macro and micro approaches. Madison, Wis: University of Wisconsin Press, 1992.

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Cadwallader, Martin T. Migration and residential mobility: Macro and micro approaches. Madison, Wis: University of Wisconsin Press, 1992.

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Tongeren, F. W. van. Microsimulation modelling of the corporate firm: Exploring micro-macro economic relations. Berlin: Springer, 1995.

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Bourguignon, François. Macroeconomic adjustment and income distribution: A macro micro simulation model. Paris: OECD Development Centre, 1989.

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Hahn, Franz. Determinants of bank profitability in Austria: A micro-macro approach. Wien: Österreichisches Institut f̈ur Wirtschaftsforschung, 2005.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Micro-Macro models":

Ostoja-Starzewski, M. "Models: Micro-Macro". In Probabilities and Materials, 23–28. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1142-3_4.

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Lay, Jann. "Micro-econometric and Micro-Macro Linked Models: Sequential Macro-Micro Modelling with Behavioral Microsimulations". In Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development, 117–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60714-6_6.

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Yu, Peng, e Shlomo Ta’asan. "Bridging Micro and Macro Scales in Fluids". In Continuum Models and Discrete Systems, 299–310. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-2316-3_51.

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Caiumi, Antonella. "Micro-Macro Simulation of Corporate Tax Reforms". In The New Generation of Computable General Equilibrium Models, 53–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58533-8_3.

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Sacco, Elio. "Micro, Multiscale and Macro Models for Masonry Structures". In Mechanics of Masonry Structures, 241–91. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-1774-3_6.

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Szopa, Romuald. "Macro and Macro/Micro Models of Solidification - Numerical Aspects of Process Simulation". In THERMEC 2006, 2564–69. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-428-6.2564.

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Birkin, Mark, e Martin Clarke. "Comprehensive Dynamic Urban Models: Integrating Macro- and Micro-Approaches". In Transformations Through Space and Time, 165–91. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4430-5_9.

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Degond, Pierre, e Diane Peurichard. "Modelling Tissue Self-Organization: From Micro to Macro Models". In Lecture Notes in Computational Science and Engineering, 93–108. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73371-5_5.

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Fan, J. P., Chak Yin Tang, Chi Loong Chow e Chi Pong Tsui. "Finite Element Analysis of Particle Reinforced Composite Using Different Cell Models". In Macro-, Meso-, Micro- and Nano-Mechanics of Materials, 1–8. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-979-2.1.

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van Berkel, Berry, Albert Pilot e Astrid M. W. Bulte. "Micro–Macro Thinking in Chemical Education: Why and How to Escape". In Models and Modeling in Science Education, 31–54. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8872-8_3.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Micro-Macro models":

Bai, Yu. "Desynchronization: From Macro-step to Micro-step". In 2018 16th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Formal Methods and Models for System Design (MEMOCODE). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/memcod.2018.8556988.

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Yovanovich, Milan. "Micro and Macro Hardness Measurements, Correlations, and Contact Models". In 44th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2006-979.

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Kostelski, Drazen, John Buzacott, Kenneth McKay e Xiao-Gao Liu. "Development and validation of a systems macro model using isolated micro models". In the 19th conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/318371.318682.

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Krook, Jonathan, Mladen Cicic e Karl Henrik Johansson. "Learning Micro-Macro Models for Traffic Control Using Microscopic Data". In 2022 European Control Conference (ECC). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/ecc55457.2022.9838136.

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Choinski, Dariusz, e Malgorzata Niedzwiedz. "From micro-scale reactors to macro-scale process control: Potential use of chip calorimetry". In 2013 18th International Conference on Methods & Models in Automation & Robotics (MMAR). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mmar.2013.6669985.

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Sun, Shu, Theodore S. Rappaport, Sundeep Rangan, Timothy A. Thomas, Amitava Ghosh, Istvan Z. Kovacs, Ignacio Rodriguez, Ozge Koymen, Andrzej Partyka e Jan Jarvelainen. "Propagation Path Loss Models for 5G Urban Micro- and Macro-Cellular Scenarios". In 2016 IEEE 83rd Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vtcspring.2016.7504435.

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SINGH, NAND KISHORE, KAZI ZAHIR UDDIN, RATNESHWAR JHA e BEHRAD KOOHBOR. "ANALYZING MICRO-MACRO TRANSITIONAL LENGTH SCALE IN UNIDIRECTIONAL COMPOSITES". In Thirty-sixth Technical Conference. Destech Publications, Inc., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/asc36/35927.

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Understanding the hierarchy in the mechanical behavior of heterogeneous materials requires a systematic characterization of the material response at different length scales, as well as the nature and characteristics of the transitional scales. Characterization of such transitional length scales has been carried out in the past by analytical models that calculate and compare stiffness values at micro and macro scales. The convergence of the material stiffness at the two scales has been used as the criterion for quantification of the so-called transitional length scales. These stiffness calculation approaches are based on the idea of local strain and stress distributions obtained from complex finite element models. Recent advancements in full-field experimental strain measurements have made it possible to identify the transitional length scales in fiber composites based on pure experimental measurements without the requirement of local stress analysis. In this work, we study the validity of such ‘strain-based’ approaches that are used to identify the RVE size in unidirectional fiber composites. Our modeling platform replicates the realistic conditions present in experimental measurements through the randomization of fiber locations and volume fraction within an epoxy matrix.

Tan, X. Gary, Andrzej J. Przekwas e Raj K. Gupta. "Macro-Micro Biomechanics Finite Element Modeling of Brain Injury Under Concussive Loadings". In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-66218.

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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) occurs in many blunt, ballistic and blast impact events. During trauma axons in the white matter are especially vulnerable to injury due to the rapid mechanical loading of brain. The axonal pathology leads to cytoskeletal failure and disconnection. The microtubules are one of major structural components of the cytoskeleton filamentous network. By bridging the macroscopic forces acting on the whole brain with the cellular and subcellular failure, the macro-micro computational models in both time and space can help us better understand the complex biophysics and elucidate the injury mechanism of both severe and mild TBI (concussion). At the macroscopic scale we developed the high-fidelity anatomical human body finite element model (FEM) to predict intracranial pressures and strain and strain rate fields of brain in the blast event. The macro-scale models and the coupled blast and biomechanics approach were validated against test data of shock wave interacting with a surrogate head in the shock tube. The mechanical deformation of brain tissue was mapped to the white matter tracts to obtain local axonal strain and strain rate for the micromechanical models. We developed the micromechanical FEM of myelinated axons interconnected with the oligodendrocyte by the processes, utilizing a novel beam element free of rotational degrees of freedom (DOFs). The numerical results reveal the possible mechanism of impact-induced axon injury including demyelination, breakup of processes, and axonal varicosity. We also investigate the dynamic response of microtubules bundles under traumatic loading. Different from the commonly discrete bead-spring models, a network of microtubules cross-linked with microtubule-associated-protein (MAP) tau proteins was modeled by the nonlinear beam model. Tau protein is modeled by the rate-dependent bar element for its complicated material behavior. The model considers the rupture of microtubule and the failure of tau-tau interface and tau-microtubule interface. The simulation result of the combined effects of the failure of the cross-linked architecture and elongation and bending of the bundle are possibly correlated to the axonal undulations following traumatic loading observed in the experiments. The developed macro-micro biomechanics models can be used as a starting point for modeling the neurobiology effects and guide the design of novel injury protection strategies.

He, Y. L., Y. L. Liu e J. G. Gao. "Macro and Micro Models Of Milling of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics Using Fem". In 2015 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Industrial Engineering. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aiie-15.2015.151.

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Bouzida, Yasmina, Eduardo Adrian Cazeneuve, Angelos Mavromatidis, Khalfan Al Ali e Thomas Leythaeuser. "Reservoir Characterization, Bridging the Scale from Micro to Macro". In ADIPEC. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/211693-ms.

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Abstract This paper describes the reservoir characterization of a carbonate formation using acoustic and borehole imaging log in a novel way. Interpretation of the interplay between stratigraphic and structural reservoir elements allows additional understanding of the hydrocarbon trapping mechanism and informs decisions on the well testing program and future well placement. High-resolution Borehole Images (BHI) have historically been one of the most widespread geological evaluation tools and they continue to be a cornerstone for providing precise data on the facies and fractures intersected by the well. The shallow depth of investigation of wellbore imaging tools can now also be usefully augmented by the acoustic, Dipole shear processing. Patented Deep Shear Wave Image (DSWI) methodology allows identification of geological interfaces with a depth of investigation up to 110 feet away from the borehole. The processed data bridges the gap between wellbore images and field scale seismic data and so can guide meaningful reservoir descriptions and fracture characterization at the geo-cellular mode scale. Combination of the two separate imaging measurements compensates for the limitation of each logging tool's capabilities and helps increase the range of feature detection from near borehole to as much as 110 or more feet away from the well. The statistically rich borehole imaging data can be used to help confirm the detailed characteristic of these features and how the facies/lithology affect the fracture properties. BHI also calibrate the DSWI features true azimuth, while the DSWI data can help confirm fracture hierarchies and fracture bed interaction away from the borehole. The current study highlighted that the different scales of measurement allow additional quantified analysis of the fracture hierarchy and leads to proposal of conceptual fracture models that recognize bed-bound and non-bed-bound fractures sets. The reservoir itself is highly stratified with intercalations of limestone, mudstone and evaporite. Hydrocarbon (HC) presence, defined by an acoustic derived HC Index (but validated with conventional resistivity logging), suggests that oil is preferentially trapped in successive porous layers, but enhanced in some intervals by the additional presence of fractures. The Reservoir pressure points have indicated that only main faults-oriented NNW-SSE could potentially compartmentalized the reservoir. Additional wells and data integration are needed to confirm it. The DSWI is also useful to calibrate the poor to moderate seismic data in this field by detecting sub-seismic features that have an impact on the reservoir and helps in updating the geological and reservoir model.

Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Micro-Macro models":

Almuzara, Martín, e Víctor Sancibrián. Micro Responses to Macro Shocks. Federal Reserve Bank of New York, marzo 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.59576/sr.1090.

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We study estimation and inference in panel data regression models when the regressors of interest are macro shocks, which speaks to a large empirical literature that targets impulse responses via local projections. Our results hold under general dynamics and are uniformly valid over the degree of signal-to-noise of aggregate shocks. We show that the regression scores feature strong cross-sectional dependence and a known autocorrelation structure induced only by leads of the regressor. In general, including lags as controls and then clustering over the cross-section leads to simple, robust inference.

Melgar, Natalia, e Máximo Rossi. A Cross-Country Analysis of the Risk Factors for Depression at the Micro and Macro Level. Inter-American Development Bank, settembre 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010995.

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Past research has provided evidence of the role of some personal characteristics as risk factors for depression. However, few studies have examined jointly their specific impact and whether country characteristics change the probability of being depressed. In general, this is due to the use of single-country databases. The aim of this paper is to extend previous findings by employing a much larger dataset and including the country effects mentioned above. The paper estimates probit models with country effects and explores linkages between specific environmental factors and depression using data from the 2007 Gallup Public Opinion Poll. Findings indicate that depression is positively related to being a woman, adulthood, divorce, widowhood, unemployment and low income. Moreover, there is evidence of the significant positive association between inequality and depression, especially for those living in urban areas. Finally, some populations characteristics facilitate depression (age distribution and religious affiliation).

Kingston, A. W., O. H. Ardakani e R A Stern. Tracing the subsurface sulfur cycle using isotopic and elemental fingerprinting: from the micro to the macro scale. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329789.

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Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a toxic and corrosive gas that commonly occurs in deeply buried sedimentary systems. Understanding its distribution is paramount to creating safe and effective models of H2S occurrence aiding in the identification of high-risk areas. Characterizing subsurface sulfur sources and H2S formation pathways would enhance these models leading to more accurate predictions of potential high H2S regions. However, gaps remain in our understanding of the dominant formation processes and migration pathways of key ingredients for H2S production in the Lower Triassic Montney Formation of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin (WCSB). Essential to this is assessing the reactants necessary for H2S production, potential pathways for fluid migration, diagenetic history, and changes in redox conditions through time. The Montney Formation has undergone several phases of diagenesis related to post-depositional alteration and multiple cycles of tectonic burial and uplift. Early chemical alteration includes dolomitization and, in some cases, microbial reduction of porewater sulfate to sulfide that occurred prior to significant burial (Davies et al., 1997; Vaisblat et al., 2021; Liseroudi et al., 2020, 2021). The most recent tectonic-related burial during the Laramide Orogeny resulted in burial depths in excess of 3-5 km (Ness, 2001; Ducros et al., 2017) leading to significant thermal and barometric alteration. Associated with this orogenic activity was the reactivation of underlying faults (O'Connell et al., 1990) and development of fractures especially near the deformation front. These fractures provide conduits for fluid migration into the Montney that combined with heat and pressure resulting in hydrocarbon generation, migration, and development of overpressure, notably in the western margin of the basin. In addition, high temperatures resulted in thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR) leading to the formation of H2S and subsequently pyrite. We present an interpretation of the Montney subsurface sulfur cycle through the use of petrography, micro- and macro-scale geochemical analysis (isotopic and elemental) to illustrate the complexity of this system. This work relies heavily on previous studies within and outside our research group and incorporates new analytical techniques to expand the toolbox. We aim to guide future research directions and activities by addressing issues related to sampling and data quality issues, analytical approaches, and highlight knowledge gaps.

Siranosian, Antranik Antonio, Philip Edward Schembri e Darby Jon Luscher. Proposal of a Novel Approach to Developing Material Models for Micro-scale Composites Based on Testing and Modeling of Macro-scale Composites. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), aprile 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1249008.

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Elshurafa, Amro, Hatem Al Atawi, Fakhri Hasanov e Frank Felder. Cost, Emission, and Macroeconomic Implications of Diesel Displacement in the Saudi Agricultural Sector: Options and Policy Insights. King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center, agosto 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30573/ks--2022-dp03.

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The Saudi agricultural sector relies on diesel for irrigation, which is provided to farmers at a much lower price than the average global price, implying significant opportunity costs. With the aid of soft-coupled power and macro-econometric models, we assess the cost and macroeconomic implications of electrifying irrigation activities in the Saudi agricultural sector. Three electrification scenarios are considered: electrifying each individual farm with a dedicated hybrid renewable micro-grid, electrifying the entire farm cluster with central generation and connecting the entire cluster via transmission to the national grid. Compared with the base-case, connecting the farm cluster to the national grid is found to be the most economical but the least environmentally friendly. The renewable and central generation scenarios are costlier (compared with the transmission scenario) due, respectively, to the high battery costs and gas infrastructure needed.

Hertel, Thomas, e Jeff Reimer. Estimating the Poverty Impacts of Trade Liberalization. GTAP Working Paper, gennaio 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/gtap.wp20.

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As a new round of World Trade Organization negotiations is being launched with greater emphasis on developing country participation, a body of literature is emerging which quantifies how international trade affects the poor in developing countries. This survey summarizes and classifies thirty-five studies from this literature into four methodological categories: cross-country regression, partial-equilibrium/cost-of-living analysis, general-equilibrium simulation, and micro-macro synthesis. These categories encompass a broad range of methodologies in current use. The continuum of approaches is bounded on one end by econometric analysis of household expenditure data, which is the traditional domain of poverty specialists, and sometimes labeled the “bottom-up” approach. On the other end of the continuum are computable general equilibrium models based on national accounts data, or what might be called the “top-down” approach. Another feature of several recent trade/poverty studies – and one of the primary conclusions to emerge from the October 2000 Conference on Poverty and the International Economy sponsored by Globkom and the World Bank – is recognition that factor markets are perhaps the most important linkage between trade and poverty, since households tend to be much more specialized in income than they are in consumption. Meanwhile, survey data on the income sources of developing-country households has become increasingly available. As a result, this survey gives particular emphasis to the means by which studies address factor market linkages between trade and poverty. The general conclusion is that any analysis of trade and poverty needs to be informed by both the bottom-up and top-down perspectives. Indeed, recent “two-step” micro-macro studies sequentially link these two types of frameworks, such that general equilibrium mechanisms are incorporated along with detailed household survey information. Another methodology similar in spirit and also increasingly used involves the incorporation of large numbers of surveyed households into a general-equilibrium simulation model. Although most of these studies have so far been limited to a single region, these approaches can be readily adapted for multi-region modeling so that trade-poverty comparisons can be made across countries within a consistent framework.

Rizzo, Tesalia. Shaping political trust through participatory governance in Lat in America. Inter-American Development Bank, agosto 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003601.

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This paper critically assesses research that examines the link between participatory institutions and political trust in the context of developing countries, with a focus on Latin America. A significant limitation in the systematic accumulation of knowledge in this field is inattention to identifying a clear causal chain through which citizen participation shapes political, economic, and attitudinal outcomes such as political trust. This is particularly important in the Latin American case where constitutionally stated objectives of participatory governance include the improvement of citizen welfare as well as strengthening of political trust in public institutions. Future work should concentrate in providing clear and testable models of the complex relationship between participatory mechanisms, policy, governance, and trust, with particular attention to what mediates and moderates this relationship. Additionally, empirical work done of the Latin America case should move away from a predominantly case-study based and macro-level perspective in the study of participatory institutions to micro-level studies from the citizens point of view. A new frontier for the study of participatory governance in Latin America lies in understanding how citizens experiences with and expectations of participatory institutions as well as the policy outcomes delivered by these institutions shape political trust.

Rogerson, Richard, e Johanna Wallenius. Micro and Macro Elasticities in a Life Cycle Model With Taxes. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, aprile 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w13017.

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Alexander, Serena E., Mariela Alfonzo e Kevin Lee. Safeguarding Equity in Off-Site Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) Mitigation in California. Mineta Transportation Institute, novembre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.2027.

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Historically, the State of California assessed the environmental impacts of proposed developments based on how it was projected to affect an area’s level of service (LOS). However, as LOS focused on traffic delays, many agencies simply widened roads, which was an ineffective way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs). With the passage of Senate Bill (SB)743 in 2013, LOS was replaced by Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) as a more appropriate metric by which to gauge the environmental impacts of proposed development. Additionally, SB 743 presented an opportunity for off-site VMT mitigation strategies through banking and exchanges– allowing multiple development projects to fund a variety of strategies to reduce VMT elsewhere in the city or region. While the shift from LOS to VMT has generally been lauded, concerns remain about how to apply SB 743 effectively and equitably. This study aimed to: 1) understand how local governments are addressing this shift toward VMT while ensuring equity, including its approaches to off-site VMT mitigation; and 2) evaluate the various built environment factors that impact VMT, which should be considered by local governments, using both qualitative and quantitative research designs. The study posited that both micro and macro level aspects of the built environment needed to be considered when evaluating the impacts of proposed development on VMT, not only to ensure higher accuracy VMT models, but also because of the potential equity implications of off-site mitigation measures. Using multiple linear regression, the study shows that macroscale built environment features such as land use, density, housing, and employment access have a statistically significant impact on reducing VMT (35%), along with transit access (15%), microscale features such as sidewalks, benches, and trees (13%), and income (6%). More notably, a four-way interaction was detected, indicating that VMT is dependent on the combination of macro and micro level built environment features, public transit access, and income. Additionally, qualitative interviews indicate that transportation practitioners deal with three types of challenges in the transition to VMT impact mitigation: the lack of reliable, standardized VMT measure and evaluation tools; the lack of a strong legal foundation for VMT as a component of the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA); and the challenge of distributing off-site VMT mitigation equitably. Overall, findings support a nuanced, multi-factor understanding of the context in which new developments are being proposed, both in terms of modeling VMT, but also when considering whether offsite mitigation would be appropriate. The results of this study can help California ensure equitable VMT mitigation that better aligns with the state’s climate goals.

Auclert, Adrien, Matthew Rognlie e Ludwig Straub. Micro Jumps, Macro Humps: Monetary Policy and Business Cycles in an Estimated HANK Model. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, gennaio 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w26647.

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