Articoli di riviste sul tema "Mice as laboratory animals"
Segui questo link per vedere altri tipi di pubblicazioni sul tema: Mice as laboratory animals.
Cita una fonte nei formati APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard e in molti altri stili
Vedi i top-50 articoli di riviste per l'attività di ricerca sul tema "Mice as laboratory animals".
Accanto a ogni fonte nell'elenco di riferimenti c'è un pulsante "Aggiungi alla bibliografia". Premilo e genereremo automaticamente la citazione bibliografica dell'opera scelta nello stile citazionale di cui hai bisogno: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver ecc.
Puoi anche scaricare il testo completo della pubblicazione scientifica nel formato .pdf e leggere online l'abstract (il sommario) dell'opera se è presente nei metadati.
Vedi gli articoli di riviste di molte aree scientifiche e compila una bibliografia corretta.
1
Joyner, C. P., L. C. Myrick, J. P. Crossland e W. D. Dawson. "Deer Mice As Laboratory Animals". ILAR Journal 39, n. 4 (1 gennaio 1998): 322–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ilar.39.4.322.
2
Birke, Lynda. "Who—or What—are the Rats (and Mice) in the Laboratory". Society & Animals 11, n. 3 (2003): 207–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853003322773023.
Abstract (sommario):
AbstractThis paper explores the many meanings attached to the designation,"the rodent in the laboratory" (rat or mouse). Generations of selective breeding have created these rodents. They now differ markedly from their wild progenitors, nonhuman animals associated with carrying all kinds of diseases.Through selective breeding, they have moved from the rats of the sewers to become standardized laboratory tools and (metaphorically) saviors of humans in the fight against disease. This paper sketches two intertwined strands of metaphors associated with laboratory rodents.The first focuses on the idea of medical/scientific progress; in this context, the paper looks at laboratory rodents often depicted (in advertising for laboratory products) as epitomizing medical triumph or serving as helpers or saviors. The second strand concerns the ambiguous status of the laboratory rodent who is both an animal (bites) and not an animal (data).The paper argues that, partly because of these ambiguous and multiple meanings, the rodent in the laboratory is doubly "othered"—first in the way that animals so often are made other to ourselves and then other in the relationship of the animal in the laboratory to other animals.
3
Hobbiesiefken, Ute, Paul Mieske, Lars Lewejohann e Kai Diederich. "Evaluation of different types of enrichment - their usage and effect on home cage behavior in female mice". PLOS ONE 16, n. 12 (23 dicembre 2021): e0261876. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0261876.
Abstract (sommario):
Numerous studies ascertained positive effects of enriched environments on the well-being of laboratory animals including behavioral, physiological and neurochemical parameters. Conversely, such conclusions imply impaired animal welfare and health in barren husbandry conditions. Moreover, inappropriate housing of laboratory animals may deteriorate the quality of scientific data. Recommendations for housing laboratory animals stipulate that cages should be enriched to mitigate adverse effects of barren housing. In this context, it is not only unclear what exactly is meant by enrichment, but also how the animals themselves interact with the various items on offer. Focal animal observation of female C57BL/6J mice either housed in conventional (CON) or enriched (ENR) conditions served to analyze the impact of enriching housing on welfare related behavior patterns including stereotypical, maintenance, active social, and inactive behaviors. CON conditions resembled current usual housing of laboratory mice, whereas ENR mice received varying enrichment items including foraging, housing and structural elements, and a running disc. Active and inactive use of these elements was quantitatively assessed. CON mice showed significantly more inactive and stereotypical behavior than ENR mice. ENR mice frequently engaged with all enrichment elements, whereby riddles to obtain food reward and the running disc preferably served for active interactions. Offering a second level resulted in high active and inactive interactions. Structural elements fixed at the cagetop were least attractive for the mice. Overall, the presented data underline the positive welfare benefits of enrichment and that mice clearly differentiate between distinct enrichment types, demonstrating that the perspective of the animals themselves should also be taken into account when specifying laboratory housing conditions. This is particularly important, as the ensuring of animal welfare is an essential prerequisite for reliable, reproducible, and scientifically meaningful results.
4
Miranda, Alice, José M. Pêgo e Jorge Correia-Pinto. "Animal facility videoendoscopic intubation station: tips and tricks from mice to rabbits". Laboratory Animals 51, n. 2 (9 luglio 2016): 204–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0023677216652342.
Abstract (sommario):
Endotracheal intubation of laboratory animals is a common procedure shared by several research fields for different purposes, such as mechanical ventilation of anaesthetized animals, instillation of cytotoxic nanoparticles, infectious agents or tumour cells for induction of disease models, and even for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. These different research purposes, achieved in different animal models, require technical expertise and equipment that suits every research need from animal facilities. In this short report we propose a videoendoscopic intubation station that could be shared among the most common laboratory animals, namely the mouse, rat, guinea pig and rabbit, from neonates to adult animals. This report aims to contribute to the reduction of animals excluded from experiments due to false paths during direct and blind intubations and to the refinement of procedures by replacing surgical approaches such as tracheotomy.
5
Zechner, Dietmar, Benjamin Schulz, Guanglin Tang, Ahmed Abdelrahman, Simone Kumstel, Nico Seume, Rupert Palme e Brigitte Vollmar. "Generalizability, Robustness and Replicability When Evaluating Wellbeing of Laboratory Mice with Various Methods". Animals 12, n. 21 (25 ottobre 2022): 2927. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12212927.
Abstract (sommario):
An essential basis for objectively improving the status of animals during in vivo research is the ability to measure the wellbeing of animals in a reliable and scientific manner. Several non-invasive methods such as assessing body weight, burrowing activity, nesting behavior, a distress score and fecal corticosterone metabolites were evaluated in healthy mice and after three surgical interventions or during the progression of four gastrointestinal diseases. The performance of each method in differentiating between healthy and diseased animals was assessed using receiver operating characteristic curves. The ability to differentiate between these two states differed between distinct surgical interventions and distinct gastrointestinal diseases. Thus, the generalizability of these methods for assessing animal wellbeing was low. However, the robustness of these methods when assessing wellbeing in one gastrointestinal disease was high since the same methods were often capable of differentiating between healthy and diseased animals independent of applied drugs. Moreover, the replicability when assessing two distinct cohorts with an identical surgical intervention was also high. These data suggest that scientists can reach valid conclusions about animal wellbeing when using these methods within one specific animal model. This might be important when optimizing methodological aspects for improving animal wellbeing. The lack of generalizability, however, suggests that comparing animal models by using single methods might lead to incorrect conclusions. Thus, these data support the concept of using a combination of several methods when assessing animal welfare.
6
Ibrahim, S. A. M., e F. Nowell. "Transfer ofEimeria apionodesfrom wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus) to laboratory mice (Mus musculus)". Parasitology 103, n. 2 (ottobre 1991): 179–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003118200005945x.
Abstract (sommario):
Transfer ofEimeria apionodesfrom wood mice directly into untreated laboratory mice was unsuccessful but transfer into corticosteroid-treated animals produced an oocyst output, about 1000 times less than that observed from wood mice after a similar inoculum. Repeated passage through corticosteroid-treated laboratory mice resulted in a line adapted to survival in untreated animals. This line was compared with the parent strain maintained in wood mice and some features of the oocyst output patterns, notably the pre-patent period, appeared to be controlled by the host species. The oocyst production of each population was higher in the host species to which it was adapted than in the other host species (P> 0·001). Once adapted to laboratory mice, the line produced insignificantly different levels of oocysts in corticosteroid-treated and untreated animals (P> 0·05).
7
Bondarchuk, A. O., A. P. Paliy e M. Ye Blazheyevskiy. "Determination of acute toxicity of the ‘Bondarmin’ disinfectant". Journal for Veterinary Medicine, Biotechnology and Biosafety 5, n. 2 (24 giugno 2019): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.36016/jvmbbs-2019-5-2-5.
Abstract (sommario):
In the article the results of the study of toxic effect of the designed disinfectant (active ingredient potassium peroxomonosulfate) on laboratory animals (mice) are presented. For the recent years a variety of scientific works both by domestic and by foreign scientists has been devoted to the study of different disinfectants’ toxicity. However today there is a number of issues that require more detailed studying and scientific justification. Among them the problem of toxic effects of disinfectants on the animal organism occupies a special place. The aim of our work was to study the toxic effect on the laboratory animals and to assess the acute toxicity (LD50) of the designed ‘Bondarmin’ disinfectant. Tests were carried out at the Laboratory of pharmacology and toxicology of the National University of Pharmacy (Kharkiv) and on the base of Educational and scientific laboratory of genetic and molecular research methods named after P. I. Verbitskiy in the Kharkiv State Zooveterinary Academy. Acute toxicity assessment (LD50) was carried out with intragastrointestinal administration of the designed drug to laboratory animals (mice). Changes in the internal organs of animals that were removed from the experiment for humane reasons and those who died after the experiment were detected by macroscopic examination. The lethality of laboratory animals after the intragastric administration of disinfectant was determined by the Prozorovskiy method The dynamic of changes in body weight of mice after the administration of disinfectant in high doses (from 1,500 to 3,500 mg/kg) was found out. The influence of the disinfectant on the mass coefficients of the internal organs of male mice after intragastric administration was evaluated. Toxic effect of the designed disinfectant ‘Bondarmin’, when using intragastric method of administration to laboratory animals (mice), according to the age and sexual index (LD50 = 2,702.40 ± 156.32 mg/kg), was established. Disinfectant ‘Bondarmin’ refers to IV toxicity class (low toxic substances).
8
Malakoff, D. "LABORATORY ANIMALS: Researchers Fight Plan to Regulate Mice, Birds". Science 290, n. 5489 (6 ottobre 2000): 23a—23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.290.5489.23a.
9
ABRAMOVICI, A., e M. WOLMAN. "Inbred Strains of Laboratory Animals: Superior to Outbred Mice?" JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute 87, n. 12 (21 giugno 1995): 933. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jnci/87.12.933.
10
Clarkson, Jasmine M., Matthew C. Leach, Paul A. Flecknell e Candy Rowe. "Negative mood affects the expression of negative but not positive emotions in mice". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287, n. 1933 (26 agosto 2020): 20201636. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.1636.
Abstract (sommario):
Whether and to what extent animals experience emotions is crucial for understanding their decisions and behaviour, and underpins a range of scientific fields, including animal behaviour, neuroscience, evolutionary biology and animal welfare science. However, research has predominantly focused on alleviating negative emotions in animals, with the expression of positive emotions left largely unexplored. Therefore, little is known about positive emotions in animals and how their expression is mediated. We used tail handling to induce a negative mood in laboratory mice and found that while being more anxious and depressed increased their expression of a discrete negative emotion (disappointment), meaning that they were less resilient to negative events, their capacity to express a discrete positive emotion (elation) was unaffected relative to control mice. Therefore, we show not only that mice have discrete positive emotions, but that they do so regardless of their current mood state. Our findings are the first to suggest that the expression of discrete positive and negative emotions in animals is not equally affected by long-term mood state. Our results also demonstrate that repeated negative events can have a cumulative effect to reduce resilience in laboratory animals, which has significant implications for animal welfare.
11
Friese, Carrie. "Intimate entanglements in the animal house: Caring for and about mice". Sociological Review 67, n. 2 (28 febbraio 2019): 287–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0038026119829753.
Abstract (sommario):
This article presents two vignettes from ethnographic research conducted in a ‘biological services unit’ or mouse house at a life sciences research institute in the UK. I focus on the ‘intimate knowledge’ two animal technicians demonstrated as crucial to care for the mice, where affective knowledge operated alongside scientific knowledge of animal welfare and administrative knowledge of keeping laboratory animals. I then show how caring for and about laboratory mice entailed caring about various other things, things that could help improve the lives of the mice. I thematize how the animal technicians ‘care about’ mice, using Astrid Schrader’s twin conceptions of compassion and ‘abyssal intimacy’. However, unlike Schrader and much of the literature focusing on the centrality of ‘sacrifice’ in scientific research involving laboratory animals, I contend that compassion is not centrally informed by death as the abyss here. Rather, the violent relatedness of being replaceable forms the abyss that makes compassion possible. It was the fact of caring about those with whom one becomes so intimately entangled, within the context of paid labour where one is replaceable, that formed the basis for compassion between animal technicians, mice and myself.
12
Ujwala Ashokrao Jadhao, Chatraguna Eknathrao Lagad e Rajesh Kundlikrao Ingole. "Laboratory animal handling techniques, basic facilities and care: A review". World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences 12, n. 3 (30 dicembre 2022): 170–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjbphs.2022.12.3.0239.
Abstract (sommario):
Animals have been utilized in pharmaceutical scientific research and development for more than 300 years. Pharmaceutical items are a must in order to treat illnesses caused by viruses, bacteria, or homeostatic imbalance, among other causes. Pharmaceuticals must be thoroughly characterized via in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trial investigations in order to be used in humans. It is essential to quantify organism's in vivo using animals whose physiology and genetics are most similar to those of humans. Common animals used for laboratory experimental research are Cats, Rats, Dogs, Mice, Guinea pigs and Monkeys. Handling of animals includes transportation, animal housing, temperature of cages, sanitation, water, and food options etc. Proper animal handling techniques affects the outcome of research study, so it very imperative to study and to practice the basics of animal handling techniques. This review is the small efforts to compile the scientific literature and basic information regarding laboratory animal handling techniques, basic facility and care.
13
Inoue, T., e H. Kobayashi. "Responses to orally ingested Neotyphodium endophyte toxins in laboratory animals". NZGA: Research and Practice Series 13 (1 gennaio 2007): 411–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/rps.13.2006.3112.
Abstract (sommario):
A series of experiment were conducted to examine the toxicities of Neotyphodium endophyte in laboratory animals. Groups of mice and hamsters were fed endophytic perennial ryegrass seeds. The hamsters presented ergotism-like symptoms while mice hardly indicated the toxicosis. Goups of mice and hamsters were fed endophytic perennial ryegrass seeds for 8 days and total excreta collections were made to evaluate apparent absorptions of endophytic alkaloids. Accumulations of endophyte toxins in the tissues and organs were also analysed. Although approximately 50% of lolitrem B and 90% of ergovaline were absorbed by both species, and lolitrem B accumulation in the liver and fat tissues, only the hamsters showed mild tremors. A condensed lolitrem B fraction was orally administrated to mice and hamsters and total excreta collections were made. The mice were not affected by even large amounts of lolitrem B dosages with high absorptions (>80%) when orally administrated. Keywords: ergovaline, lolitrem B, toxicosis, mouse, hamster, endophyte
14
Tallent, Bret R., L. Matthew Law, Rachel K. Rowe e Jonathan Lifshitz. "Partial cage division significantly reduces aggressive behavior in male laboratory mice". Laboratory Animals 52, n. 4 (6 febbraio 2018): 384–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0023677217753464.
Abstract (sommario):
Aggression in mice often results in injury leading to unplanned euthanasia or the initiation of protocols to isolate animals, thereby increasing research costs and straining resources. Here, we tested if adding a partial cage divider into existing mouse cages affected aggressive-like behavior in group-housed male mice (18 mice; 3 per cage). Mice were randomly assigned to one of two groups upon arrival to the vivarium: (1) standard cage; (2) cage with a partial cage divider. Behavioral observation over 12 hours were conducted at day one, two, and seven after receipt at the facility in order to assess aggression during the course of establishing dominance hierarchies. Observers blinded to study design and hypothesis scored each video for the number and type of aggressive behaviors, which were summed for each hour and analyzed. Results indicated a statistically significant decrease in aggressive behaviors of mice in cages with dividers compared to mice in standard cages. We conclude that cage dividers, which resemble burrows and provide access to common food/water, may promote rigorous research by reducing the number of animals used in a study and refining housing, thus, improving animal welfare.
15
Uysal, Murat, Serdar Savaş Gül, Serhat Karaman, Ufuk Tas, Hilal Irmak Sapmaz, Funda Uysal, Kursad Aytekin e Mehmet Kemal Tümer. "Caecum location in laboratory rats and mice: an anatomical and radiological study". Laboratory Animals 51, n. 3 (4 luglio 2016): 245–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0023677216658916.
Abstract (sommario):
Intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection is the most frequently used method for implementing parenteral therapies in rats and mice. Whether the caecum is located in the right caudal quadrant or left caudal quadrant in the abdominal cavity is not clear. For that reason, we have developed a method for identifying the location of the caecum in rats and mice and thus revealed the most reliable location for i.p. injection in these animals. Two hundred Wistar albino rats and 100 BALB/c mice were used. The location of the caecum was determined by revealing the intra-abdominal organs immediately following euthanasia, photographing the organs, and archiving the images. Both digital photographic images and computed tomographic (CT) sections were analysed in terms of caecum morphology and location. In both rats and mice, the caecum was most commonly located on the animal’s left side. It was less frequently located on the right side or in the centre. The caecum was typically comma-shaped, but it was round or S-shaped in some animals. The direction of rotation of the caecum from the basis to the apex was mostly counterclockwise. Additionally, the apex showed a tendency to be evenly centred. This study demonstrated that the caecum was mostly located on the animal’s left side; and for that reason, the most suitable location for i.p. injection in these animals was understood to be the right caudal quadrant. Furthermore, when we compared the CT images and autopsy findings, the caecum did not change location in the abdominal cavity postmortem.
16
Alkhashab, Firas M. B., Aseel Isam Jamal aldeen Alnuri e Rana Suhail Abdallah Al_Juwari. "Detecting intestinal parasitic infections in laboratory mice". Journal of World's Poultry Research 10, n. 2 (25 giugno 2020): 183–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.36380/scil.2020.wvj24.
17
Kashkovskaya, Lyudmila Mikhaylovna, Andrey Vladimirovich Balyshev, Vladimir Aleksandrovich Orobets e Ivan Aleksandrovich Fedorov. "Toxicological characteristics of anticoccidial preparation Decvycox on laboratory animals". Agrarian Scientific Journal, n. 3 (16 marzo 2020): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2020i3pp51-57.
Abstract (sommario):
The common practice in the prevention and treatment of eimeriosis in chickens is the application of anticoccidial preparations. The parameters of acute toxicity of the anticoccidial preparations Decvycox in laboratory animals were studied. It was found out that the LD50 of Decvycox with oral administration to mice and rats exceeds doses of 6579 and 7222 mg/kg of animal weight, respectively. Thus, according to the generally accepted hygienic classification, Decvycox belongs to hazard class 4 - low-hazard substances.
18
Lewis, RS, e JL Hurst. "The assessment of bar chewing as an escape behaviour in laboratory mice". Animal Welfare 13, n. 1 (febbraio 2004): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0962728600026610.
Abstract (sommario):
AbstractThe ability to measure objectively how an animal perceives its home environment is essential for improving the housing and husbandry conditions of laboratory animals. Chewing at cage bars by a rodent may reflect the animal's desire to escape from its home cage and thus provide a measure of the relative aversiveness or inadequacy of different housing conditions from the animal's viewpoint. To assess whether bar chewing by laboratory mice is an escape behaviour, adult male and female ICR-(CD-1) mice were housed individually or in same-sex groups of three in modified shoebox-type cages. Cages had two sets of external bars in the side walls, an equivalent set of bars fixed internally and a Perspex lid. One set of external bars opened daily, allowing the mice to escape into a larger arena. All mice showed a strong preference for chewing at external bars over those that were internal to each cage. After one week of experience, mice also preferred the external bars that opened daily to those that did not open. Behaviour directed towards the cage lid declined over time as the mice experienced the new escape route in the cage side. Interest in the external bars correlated positively with time since last escape. Results confirm that bar chewing reflects an attempt to escape the cage and explore the surrounding area and may provide a suitable behavioural measure of perception of the cage environment for use in welfare assessment.
19
FESTING, M. F. W., e G. L. WOLFF. "Re: Inbred Strains of Laboratory Animals: Superior to Outbred Mice?" JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute 87, n. 22 (15 novembre 1995): 1715. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jnci/87.22.1715.
20
ABRAMOVICI, A., e M. WOLMAN. "Re: Inbred Strains of Laboratory Animals: Superior to Outbred Mice?" JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute 87, n. 22 (15 novembre 1995): 1715–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jnci/87.22.1715-a.
21
Lewejohann, Lars, Kerstin Schwabe, Christine Häger e Paulin Jirkof. "Impulse for animal welfare outside the experiment". Laboratory Animals 54, n. 2 (12 febbraio 2020): 150–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0023677219891754.
Abstract (sommario):
Animal welfare is a growing societal concern and the well-being of animals used for experimental purposes is under particular scrutiny. The vast majority of laboratory animals are mice living in small cages that do not offer very much variety. Moreover, the experimental procedure often takes very little time compared to the time these animals have been bred to the desired age or are being held available for animal experimentation. However, for the assessment of animal welfare, the time spent waiting for an experiment or the time spent after finishing an experiment has also to be taken into account. In addition to experimental animals, many additional animals (e.g. for breeding and maintenance of genetic lines, surplus animals) are related to animal experimentation and usually face similar living conditions. Therefore, in terms of improving the overall welfare of laboratory animals, there is not only a need for refinement of experimental conditions but especially for improving living conditions outside the experiment. The improvement of animal welfare thus depends to a large extent on the housing and maintenance conditions of all animals related to experimentation. Given the current state of animal welfare research there is indeed a great potential for improving the overall welfare of laboratory animals.
22
K., Sarab S., Rawaa G. T., Shahla A., Melad A. H. e Adel H. E. "The toxic effect of the malathion pesticide on laboratory animals". Journal of Biotechnology Research Center 8, n. 4 (1 dicembre 2014): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.24126/jobrc.2014.8.4.385.
Abstract (sommario):
The research aimed to illustrate enzyme level such as liver and immune enzymes to detect toxic effect of chemical agriculture pesticides as biological indictors to chemical pesticides contamination. 102 laboratory mice were used as a model 20-25gm weight. 30 mice were used to determine LD50 which was 30 mg/mouse. Mice were divided in to three groups according to LD50. After exposed to three different concentration by three ways (Interaperitoneal,Oraly,and Spray). Results showed significant increased in enzymes levels of (ALP), (GOT), (GPT), and (ADA) after 7 days of the three different exposure, while after 14 days there was decreased in enzymes levels of (ADA), (GOT), and(ALP) with increases in (GPT) enzyme: according to use "interaperitoneal injection and spray method'', that companied by the appearance of gross pathological lesions in mice organs represented by hypertrophy of liver and there is many cysts filled with pus which related with increased in pesticide concentration and duration of exposure in addition to bile duct obstruction to some exposed group. The results show the possibility of the adoption of variation in the level of enzymes to give an idea of the type and the impact of the pesticide, which was subjected to the animals.
23
Shchelkunov, S. N., A. A. Sergeev, S. N. Yakubitskyi, K. A. Titova e S. A. Pyankov. "Assessing immunogenicity and protectiveness of the vaccinia virus LIVP-GFP in three laboratory animal models". Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity 11, n. 6 (7 ottobre 2021): 1167–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15789/2220-7619-aia-1668.
Abstract (sommario):
Smallpox eradication and lack of adequate animal model for smallpox infection underlies a necessity to assess immunogenic and protective properties of genetic engineering-created live attenuated smallpox vaccines in several animal models of orthopoxviral infections. Here we compared immunogenic and protective properties of the recombinant vaccinia virus (VACV) LIVP-GFP intradermally (i.d.) inoculated to mice, guinea pigs and rabbits. LIVP-GFP immunization in all animal species was applied at dose of 2 × 104 or 2 × 106 PFU. Control animals were injected with saline. Blood sampling was performed on day 28 after virus LIVP-GFP or saline inoculation. Blood samples were taken intravitally from the retro-orbital venous sinus in mice, heart in guinea pigs or marginal ear vein in rabbits. Serum samples were isolated by precipitating blood cells via centrifugation. The serum anti-VACV IgG titers were determined by ELISA. On day 30 post-immunization animals were intranasally challenged with lethal dose of host specific orthopoxvirus species. Mice were infected by cowpox virus (CPXV) strain GRI-90 at dose 68 LD50, guinea pigs – by VACV GPA at dose 56 LD50, rabbits — by VACV HB-92 at dose 100 LD50. All animals in control group died afterwards, whereas all animals immunized by attenuated recombinant virus LIVP-GFP at dose 2 × 106 PFU survived. In case of the LIVP-GFP immunization at dose 2 × 104 PFU, 88% of mice, 67% of rabbits and 50% of guinea pigs survived after being challenged with species-specific CPXV, VACV HB-92, and VACV GPA. ELISA data for the blood serum samples revealed a correlation between level of VACV-specific antibodies and level of protection in animal species. Based on the data obtained, it could be concluded that all three “animal–orthopoxvirus” models allow to provide with a proper evaluation of immunogenicity and protectiveness for generated modern attenuated vaccines against smallpox and other orthopoxviral human infections. Upon that, it was shown that BALB/c mouse strain was the most convenient investigational host species.
24
GOURTSAS (K.I. ΓΚΟΥΡΤΣΑΣ), K. I. "Common non infectious skin conditions of laboratory mice and rats". Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 50, n. 1 (31 gennaio 2018): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.15693.
Abstract (sommario):
Laboratory mice and rats are the most favourite animals of the researchers all over the world. Sometimes these rodents can show a number of non infectious conditions concerning their hair, skin or legs and tail. These can be alopecia, bite wounds or the shedding of their legs or tail. It is important that ordinarily there is not a pathological cause for these conditions. It is believed that the social behaviour and the enviromental conditions of the animals may play a role. Fortunately, these cases are easily encountered and so, healthy animals are ensured for every reliable research.
25
Ermakova, A. V., e A. G. Kudyasheva. "Variability of hematological parameters in different species of laboratory mice". Proceedings of the Komi Science Centre of the Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences 5 (2021): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.19110/1994-5655-2021-5-13-19.
Abstract (sommario):
In scientific research, when conducting experiments, the so-called norms which are used to differentiate the state of health and pathology, are important. At the same time, the requirements for the quality of laboratory animals and their standardization as an object of research are increasing. These are mice of different species that are the main objects used in biomedical research in experiments when analyzing the age-related variability and toxicity of drugs of a chemical nature, modeling the effects of a physical nature, which allow us to obtain objective data. The study of hematological parameters of peripheral blood consisted in determining the clinical parameters of normal blood in laboratory mice (males) of various species and ages, being under standard vivarium conditions, obtained from the “Scientific Collection of Experimental Animals “UNU” (http://www.ckp-rf.ru/usu/ 471933) of the Institute of Biology, Federal Research Centre, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, RAS. The content of the main blood parameters was determined in four types of mice: outbred mice (1- and 5-months), CBA/lac (5 months), AF (6–11-months), DBA (16-months) belonging to different age groups of animals (immature, sexually mature and old animals). Relative stability and low variability of hematological parameters were established, especially in linear mice species. The data obtained supplement the understanding of the influence of the age and species of laboratory mice on the nature of the content and variability of individual blood elements. Laboratory animals of different species, lines and ages, bred in standard vivarium conditions, can be recommended when choosing them for conducting experiments and studying patterns in biomedical research.
26
Neely, Caroline, Christina Lane, Julio Torres e Jane Flinn. "The Effect of Gentle Handling on Depressive-Like Behavior in Adult Male Mice: Considerations for Human and Rodent Interactions in the Laboratory". Behavioural Neurology 2018 (2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2976014.
Abstract (sommario):
Environmental factors play a significant role in well-being of laboratory animals. Regulations and guidelines recommend, if not require, that stressors such as bright lighting, smells, and noises are eliminated or reduced to maximize animal well-being. A factor that is often overlooked is handling and how researchers interact with their animals. Researchers, lab assistants, and husbandry staff in animal facilities may use inconsistent handling methods when interacting with rodents, but humans should be considered a part of the animal’s social environment. This study examined the effects of different handling techniques on depressive-like behavior, measured by the Porsolt forced swim test, in adult C57BL/6J male mice. The same two researchers handled the mice in a gentle, aggressive, or minimal (control) fashion over approximately two weeks prior to testing. The results demonstrated a beneficial effect of gentle handling: gentle handling reduced swimming immobility in the forced swim test compared to mice that were aggressively or minimally handled. We argue that gentle handling, rather than methodical handling, can foster a better relationship between the handlers and rodents. Although handling is not standardized across labs, consistent gentle handling allows for less challenging behavioral testing, better data collection, and overall improved animal welfare.
27
Viney, Mark. "The gut microbiota of wild rodents: Challenges and opportunities". Laboratory Animals 53, n. 3 (20 luglio 2018): 252–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0023677218787538.
Abstract (sommario):
The gut microbiota can have important, wide-ranging effects on its host. To date, laboratory animals, particularly mice, have been the major study system for microbiota research. It is now becoming increasingly clear that laboratory animals often poorly model aspects of the biology of wild animals, and this concern extends to the study of the gut microbiota. Here, the relatively few studies of the microbiota of wild rodents are reviewed, including a critical assessment of how the gut microbiota differs between laboratory and wild rodents. Finally, the many potential advantages and opportunities of wild-animal systems for research into the gut microbiota are considered.
28
Schweinfurth, Nina, e Undine E. Lang. "Behavioral Testing of Mice Concerning Anxiety and Depression". Zeitschrift für Psychologie 223, n. 3 (luglio 2015): 151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/2151-2604/a000215.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract. In the development of new psychiatric drugs and the exploration of their efficacy, behavioral testing in mice has always shown to be an inevitable procedure. By studying the behavior of mice, diverse pathophysiological processes leading to depression, anxiety, and sickness behavior have been revealed. Moreover, laboratory research in animals increased at least the knowledge about the involvement of a multitude of genes in anxiety and depression. However, multiple new possibilities to study human behavior have been developed recently and improved and enable a direct acquisition of human epigenetic, imaging, and neurotransmission data on psychiatric pathologies. In human beings, the high influence of environmental and resilience factors gained scientific importance during the last years as the search for key genes in the development of affective and anxiety disorders has not been successful. However, environmental influences in human beings themselves might be better understood and controllable than in mice, where environmental influences might be as complex and subtle. The increasing possibilities in clinical research and the knowledge about the complexity of environmental influences and interferences in animal trials, which had been underestimated yet, question more and more to what extent findings from laboratory animal research translate to human conditions. However, new developments in behavioral testing of mice involve the animals’ welfare and show that housing conditions of laboratory mice can be markedly improved without affecting the standardization of results.
29
Vagaiskaya, A. S., A. S. Trunyakova, T. I. Kombarova e S. V. Dentovskaya. "Simulation of Bubonic Plague in BSL-2 Laboratory". Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections, n. 4 (25 gennaio 2022): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21055/0370-1069-2021-4-46-53.
Abstract (sommario):
The causative agent of plague, Yersinia pestis, is classified as pathogenicity (hazard) group I agent, which means that the work with “wild type” strains should be carried out in BSL-3 facilities. Y. pestis EV NIIEG is a Δpgm strain, allowing experimental studies to be carried out in BSL-2 laboratories. However, the disease and its progression elicited by such strain do not entirely mirror the infection observed with fully virulent strains. Residual virulence of Y. pestis EV NIIEG strain for mice can be increased under in vivo iron supplementation. The aim of the study was to optimize methodological approaches to modeling experimental plague in laboratory animals following administration of attenuated Δpgm Y. pestis strains with iron dextran. Materials and methods. Simulation of plague infection in outbred mice was carried out through subcutaneous inoculation of Y. pestis EV NIIEG strain with iron dextran supplementation. The animal condition was assessed on a daily basis. In the course of the experiment, the pathological presentation and bacterial content in organs of mice were evaluated. Results and discussion. Mice inoculated subcutaneously with Y. pestis EV NIIEG strain in the presence of iron dextran developed a bubonic plague that resulted in lethal outcome with pathological changes of internal organs, characteristic of plague infection. In case of daily administration of iron, LD50 of Y. pestis EV NNIEG strain for the mice significantly exceeded the same one with a single injection. Differences in the survival rate among animals in the groups with a single and multiple administration of iron compared to the control group were statistically valid. Thus, attenuated Δpgm Y. pestis strains in the presence of iron dextran can be used to model experimental plague in mice with marked pathological changes and lethality in BSL-2 laboratories.
30
Hidayat, Rachmat, e Patricia Wulandari. "Handling of Common Laboratory Animals in Biomedical Study". Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research 5, n. 3 (8 marzo 2021): 534–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.32539/bsm.v5i3.313.
Abstract (sommario):
Mice are usually caught and lifted by the tail. The tail should be grasped abouttwo-thirds of the way down. With this simple method of holding, they may betransferred to another cage or a balance, identified or sexed; but such restraint isnot sufficient for treatment and close examination. For more effective control, themouse may be held by the tail and placed on a table or other surface, preferablyone that the mouse can grasp, and the loose skin over the neck and shouldersgrasped with thumb and fingers.
31
Hidayat, Rachmat, e Patricia Wulandari. "Handling of Common Laboratory Animals in Biomedical Study". Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research 5, n. 9 (8 marzo 2021): 851–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.32539/bsm.v5i9.313.
Abstract (sommario):
Mice are usually caught and lifted by the tail. The tail should be grasped abouttwo-thirds of the way down. With this simple method of holding, they may betransferred to another cage or a balance, identified or sexed; but such restraint isnot sufficient for treatment and close examination. For more effective control, themouse may be held by the tail and placed on a table or other surface, preferablyone that the mouse can grasp, and the loose skin over the neck and shouldersgrasped with thumb and fingers.
32
Sherwin, CM, e IAS Olsson. "Housing conditions affect self-administration of anxiolytic by laboratory mice". Animal Welfare 13, n. 1 (febbraio 2004): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0962728600026634.
Abstract (sommario):
AbstractTests of emotionality conducted outside the home-cage show that rodents from standard laboratory housing are more anxious than animals from enriched housing; however, it is not known if this also indicates increased anxiety within the home-cage. We used a novel method, recording the self-administration of a psychoactive anxiolytic, to examine home-cage anxiety levels of laboratory mice (three per cage) in Standard (n = 10 cages), Unpredictable (n = 10 cages) and Enriched (n = 6 cages) housing. The mice were given a choice of drinking either non-drugged water or a solution of the benzodiazepine Midazolam. There was a significant effect of housing on the proportion of total fluid consumed from the bottle containing Midazolam solution (P = 0.02). Mice from Standard and Unpredictable cages drank a greater proportion than mice from Enriched cages. This indicates that mice from the Standard and Unpredictable laboratory caging may have been experiencing greater anxiety than mice from the Enriched cages. There was also a significant effect of bottle position (P = 0.002). Mice from the Standard and Unpredictable cages drank a greater proportion of total fluid from the bottle containing Midazolam solution when this was toward the rear of the cage rack, ie in a location that was less susceptible to extraneous disturbance. Monitoring self-administration of psychoactive drugs as a method of welfare assessment could be applied to a wide variety of housing conditions, husbandry practices, or experimental procedures that putatively induce negative mental states. The major finding is that standard cages for laboratory rodents may induce greater anxiety than enriched cages. This is discussed in terms of animal welfare and the validity of data from animals housed in minimalistic environments.
33
Makowska, I. Joanna, Lori Vickers, Jane Mancell e Daniel M. Weary. "Evaluating methods of gas euthanasia for laboratory mice". Applied Animal Behaviour Science 121, n. 3-4 (dicembre 2009): 230–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2009.10.001.
34
Freymann, Jennifer, Ping-Ping Tsai, Helge Stelzer e Hansjoachim Hackbarth. "The impact of bedding volumes on laboratory mice". Applied Animal Behaviour Science 186 (gennaio 2017): 72–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2016.11.004.
35
Rose, Margaret. "Welfare Phenotyping of Genetically-Modified Mice". Alternatives to Laboratory Animals 37, n. 2 (aprile 2009): 181–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026119290903700206.
Abstract (sommario):
Technologies that enable the targeted manipulation of the genome have created new opportunities to study the role and interplay of specific genes in both the regulation and function of physiological and behavioural processes and in the development of pathological conditions. Despite the potential benefits, there are ethical issues in relation to the application of these technologies, some of which relate to the impact on the welfare of the animals involved. Matters of concern include the methods involved in the derivation and production of genetically-modified (GM) animals and resulting phenotypes, where animal welfare is compromised. In the case of the latter, this may be the predicted consequence of the genetic modification, but the occurrence of unforeseen animal welfare complications is a major challenge in the management of GM animals. There has been a rapid escalation in the development of new GM lines, most of them involving mice. Databases of available lines have been developed by national and international consortia, and researchers have developed standard protocols to describe the phenotype of a new line; increasingly, such data are entered into these databases. The inclusion of animal welfare assessments with these data would provide a powerful and sophisticated tool to promote refinement. The scope, level and frequency of monitoring would facilitate the identification of unpredicted effects and the management of humane endpoints, and would identify opportunities to manage the animals so as to ameliorate negative impacts. Furthermore, by highlighting the subtleties of gene–environment interactions, such data have wider implications in achieving the goals of refinement.
36
Smith, William. "Responses of laboratory animals to some injectable anaesthetics". Laboratory Animals 27, n. 1 (1 gennaio 1993): 30–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/002367793781082377.
Abstract (sommario):
Xylazine, ketamine, methohexitone and alphadalone/alphaxalone, were administered intraperitoneally, intramuscularly or intravenously to mice, rats, guineapigs and rabbits. Times for disappearance and reappearance of reflexes were recorded, and duration of loss of reflex. Delivering a predetermined dose gave a varying individual response, ranging from inadequate anaesthesia to death. Using reflexes to assess depth of anaesthesia was of limited value. Reflex movements to noxious stimuli generally persisted even at dose rates that caused prolonged recovery times and death. Conversely, in rats there was no response to a cutaneous stimulus in some animals even though recumbency was almost restored.
37
Rix, Anne, Natascha Drude, Anna Mrugalla, Felix M. Mottaghy, René H. Tolba e Fabian Kiessling. "Performance of severity parameters to detect chemotherapy-induced pain and distress in mice". Laboratory Animals 54, n. 5 (29 ottobre 2019): 452–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0023677219883327.
Abstract (sommario):
According to European Union directive 2010/63/EU a severity classification of experimental procedures performed on laboratory animals is mandatory. This includes a prospective evaluation of all interventions performed within the experiment, as well as an assessment of the actual burden of each animal during the experiment. In this regard, the evaluation and scoring of defined criteria regarding the health state of animals could help to early identify deteriorations in animal health and facilitate the application of humane endpoints. This article discusses the applicability of an adapted score sheet in BALB/cAnNRj mice receiving either cisplatin, doxorubicin or busulfan, three chemotherapeutic agents with different toxicological profiles and longitudinal non-invasive molecular imaging. The health state was investigated by score sheets documenting general state, body weight, spontaneous behaviour and treatment specific parameters (e.g. anaemia, neurotoxicity, persistent diarrhoea). Although blood and serum analyses clearly indicated various organ damage, most scoring parameters except for body weight did not report on the deceasing animal health state. Thus, there is need for more sensitive observational parameters to judge the animal's health state and welfare.
38
Fujiwara, Shigeyoshi, e Hiroyuki Nakamura. "Animal Models for Gammaherpesvirus Infections: Recent Development in the Analysis of Virus-Induced Pathogenesis". Pathogens 9, n. 2 (12 febbraio 2020): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9020116.
Abstract (sommario):
Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is involved in the pathogenesis of various lymphomas and carcinomas, whereas Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) participates in the pathogenesis of endothelial sarcoma and lymphomas. EBV and KSHV are responsible for 120,000 and 44,000 annual new cases of cancer, respectively. Despite this clinical importance, no chemotherapies or vaccines have been developed for virus-specific treatment and prevention of these viruses. Humans are the only natural host for both EBV and KSHV, and only a limited species of laboratory animals are susceptible to their experimental infection; this strict host tropism has hampered the development of their animal models and thereby impeded the study of therapeutic and prophylactic strategies. To overcome this difficulty, three main approaches have been used to develop animal models for human gammaherpesvirus infections. The first is experimental infection of laboratory animals with EBV or KSHV. New-world non-human primates (NHPs) and rabbits have been mainly used in this approach. The second is experimental infection of laboratory animals with their own inherent gammaherpesviruses. NHPs and mice have been mainly used here. The third, a recent trend, employs experimental infection of EBV or KSHV or both to immunodeficient mice reconstituted with human immune system components (humanized mice). This review will discuss how these three approaches have been used to reproduce human clinical conditions associated with gammaherpesviruses and to analyze the mechanisms of their pathogenesis.
39
Kubanov, A. A., A. E. Karamova, K. V. Rog, T. V. Abramova, V. A. Smolyannikova, A. N. Murashev e D. A. Bondarenko. "Development of an experimental model of pemphigus vulgaris in laboratory animals". Vestnik dermatologii i venerologii 91, n. 4 (24 agosto 2015): 76–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.25208/0042-4609-2015-91-4-76-82.
Abstract (sommario):
Pemphigus vulgaris is a chronic autoimmune bullous disease characterized by the formation of blisters on the skin and/ or mucous tunics as a result of acantholysis. To search for new molecular and biological targets, study pathogenetic mechanisms of the disease development and develop new methods of treatment, it is urgent to create an experimental model of pemphigus in laboratory animals reproducing clinical, histological and immunological signs of pemphigus. Goal of the study. To develop an experimental model of pemphigus by injecting IgG produced from the blood serum taken from patients with pemphigus to neonatal mice of the BALB/c inbred line. Results. Accumulated IgG products taken from patients with pemphigus (main groups) and healthy volunteers (control group) were injected intraperitoneally to neonatal mice of the BALB/с in the doses of 10-30 mg per mouse. Clinical, histological and immunomorphological signs of pemphigus were revealed in the mice from the main group, which received intraperitoneal injections of IgG taken from patients with pemphigus in the dose of 30 mg per mouse. No signs of pemphigus were observed in the mice from the control group, which received injections of IgG taken from healthy people. This study confirms the role of pemphigus autoantibodies in the pathogenesis of pemphigus vulgaris and shows that passive transmission of antibodies to laboratory animals is possible.
40
Varkholiak, I. S., e B. V. Gutyj. "Determination of acute toxicity of “Bendamin” drug in laboratory animals". Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 20, n. 92 (10 dicembre 2018): 209–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet9243.
Abstract (sommario):
The study of acute toxicity is a mandatory stage in the investigation of new drugs, which allows assessing the health of substances for health in the short-term and determining the class of toxicity and breadth of therapeutic action. Therefore, at the first stage of the study, the acute toxicity of Bendamin Cardiomatography was studied, in particular the determination of maximum tolerant, toxic and intermittent lethal doses for laboratory animals. The acute toxicity of Bendamin was determined in two stages: indicative and expanded experiments. In the indicative trial, the drug was administered intragastrically at doses of 50, 500 and 5000 mg/kg body weight. Three white mice and rats were used for each dose. In an expanded experiment, Bendamin was administered intragastrically at doses of 5000 and 10000 mg/kg body weight. In determining the acute toxicity of Bendamin, the DL50 value could not be determined, indicating a low toxicity of the test substance. Thus, the DL50 drug for intragastric administration to white mice is greater than 5000 mg/kg m. The general condition of animals in the studied groups did not differ from the state of intact animals: coordination of movements and skeletal muscle tone, pain response, tactile and acoustic stimuli were adequate, the frequency of breathing and the rhythm of heart rate were within the normal range. At administration of the preparation in a dose of 5000 mg/kg m. T, an insignificant inhibition was established, which is related to the introduction of a large amount of the drug. In determining the coefficients of the mass of the internal organs of laboratory animals, a slight decrease in the weight coefficient of the liver was found in both mice and in rats. The “Bendamin” drug when administered to white mice and rats in the stomach in the maximum amount does not cause symptoms of poisoning and behavioral abnormalities. According to GOST 12.1.007-76, Bendamin, for intragastric administration, according to the degree of hazard belongs to grade 4 toxicity – low toxicity substances (DL50 more than 10000 mg/kg body weight). In the future, it is planned to investigate the chronic toxicity and cumulative properties of the drug in laboratory animals.
41
Van de Weerd, H. A., P. L. P. Van Loo, L. F. M. Van Zutphen, J. M. Koolhaas e V. Baumans. "Preferences for nesting material as environmental enrichment for laboratory mice". Laboratory Animals 31, n. 2 (1 aprile 1997): 133–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/002367797780600152.
Abstract (sommario):
Behavioural and psychological needs of laboratory animals generally cannot adequately be met in standard laboratory cages. Environmental enrichment, which provides a more structured environment can enhance the well-being of laboratory animals. They may perform more of their species-specific behaviour and may control their environment in a better way. An easily applicable form of enrichment for laboratory mice is nesting material. Six different types of nesting materials were evaluated in a preference test with male and female animals of two strains (C57BL/6J or BALB/c, n=48). No significant differences in preference were found between the strains or between the sexes. All mice showed a clear preference for cages with tissues or towels as compared to paper strips or no nesting material, and for cages with cotton string or wood-wool as compared to wood shavings or no nesting material. Paper-derived materials were preferred over wood-derived materials, although the results also suggest that the nature (paper or wood) of the nesting material is less important than its structure, which determines the nestability of the material. Nesting material may be a relatively simple method to contribute to the well-being of laboratory mice.
42
Catarinucci, Luca, Riccardo Colella, Luca Mainetti, Vincenzo Mighali, Luigi Patrono, Ilaria Sergi e Luciano Tarricone. "Near Field UHF RFID Antenna System Enabling the Tracking of Small Laboratory Animals". International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2013 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/713943.
Abstract (sommario):
Radio frequency identification (RFID) technology is more and more adopted in a wide range of applicative scenarios. In many cases, such as the tracking of small-size living animals for behaviour analysis purposes, the straightforward use of commercial solutions does not ensure adequate performance. Consequently, both RFID hardware and the control software should be tailored for the particular application. In this work, a novel RFID-based approach enabling an effective localization and tracking of small-sized laboratory animals is proposed. It is mainly based on a UHF Near Field RFID multiantenna system, to be placed under the animals’ cage, and able to rigorously identify the NF RFID tags implanted in laboratory animals (e.g., mice). Once the requirements of the reader antenna have been individuated, the antenna system has been designed and realized. Moreover, an algorithm based on the measured Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI) aiming at removing potential ambiguities in data captured by the multiantenna system has been developed and integrated. The animal tracking system has been largely tested on phantom mice in order to verify its ability to precisely localize each subject and to reconstruct its path. The achieved and discussed results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed tracking system.
43
Namgyal, Dhondup, Kumari Chandan, Sher Ali, Ajaz Ahmad, Maha J. Hashim e Maryam Sarwat. "Aberrant Lighting Causes Anxiety-like Behavior in Mice but Curcumin Ameliorates the Symptoms". Animals 11, n. 9 (3 settembre 2021): 2590. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11092590.
Abstract (sommario):
In the modern research field, laboratory animals are constantly kept under artificial lighting conditions. However, recent studies have shown the effect of artificial light on animal behavior and metabolism. In the present study on mice, following three weeks of housing in dim light at night (dLAN; 5lux) and complete darkness (DD; 0lux), we monitored the effect on body weight, daily food intake, anxiety-like behavior by employing the open field test, and expression of the period (PER1) gene. We also studied the effect of oral administration of different concentrations of curcumin (50, 100, and 150 mg/kg) for three weeks in the same mice and monitored these parameters. The exposure to dLAN had significantly increased the anxiety-like behavior and body weight possibly through the altered metabolism in mice, whereas exposure to DD caused increased anxiety but no significant difference in weight gain. Moreover, the expression of the PER1 gene involved in sleep was also found to be decreased in the aberrant light conditions (dLAN and DD). Although the treatment of curcumin had no effect on body weight, it ameliorated the anxiety-like behavior possibly by modulating the expression of the PER1 gene. Thus, alteration in the light/dark cycle had a negative effect on laboratory animals on the body weight and emotions of animals. The present study identifies the risk factors associated with artificial lighting systems on the behavior of laboratory animals and the ameliorative effects of curcumin, with a focus on anxiety-like behavior.
44
Ivanov, A., A. Krylov, A. Molokanov, A. Bushmanov e A. Samoylov. "Modeling of Laboratory Animals Exposure Conditions behind Local Concrete Shielding Bombarded by 650-MeV Protons". Medical Radiology and radiation safety 65, n. 5 (25 aprile 2021): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1024-6177-2020-65-5-77-86.
Abstract (sommario):
Purpose: To estimate the radiation fields formed after the passage of high-energy protons through the concrete protection for subsequent radiobiological experiments on animals on this model.
Material and methods: The results of the calculation of the secondary characteristics of a field of mixed radiation behind the local concrete with thickness 20, 40, and 80 cm, bombarded by a proton beam of 650 MeV at the JINR Phasotron and experimental estimation of the values of the absorbed dose phantoms of mice irradiated for protection during radiobiological experiments.
The calculation was performed by the Monte Carlo method according to the MCNPX program for secondary protons, neutrons, π-mesons, and gamma rays. To verify the adequacy of calculations was performed the comparison of calculated and measured in the experiment spatial distribution of activation threshold detectors for aluminum protection, as well as a comparison of the calculated values of absorbed dose for radiation protection with the results of absorbed dose measurements with a diamond detector.
Results: The calculations made it possible to obtain the characteristics of the fields of mixed secondary radiation behind local concrete shields of different thickness irradiated with protons with an energy of 650 MeV and to estimate the values of absorbed doses in the irradiation sites of mice in the radiobiological experiment. The reliability of the calculations was confirmed by experimental verification of the activation of aluminum threshold detectors behind a 20 cm thick protection, as well as direct measurements using a diamond detector.
Conclusion: The calculated assessment of radiation fields formed after protons pass through the concrete protection and its comparison with the results of radiation dose measurements for the subsequent radiobiological experiment on animals on this model in the interests of designing protective structures on the Moon and other space bodies, as well as biological defenses on charged-particles accelerators.
45
Kalueff, A. V., e P. Tuohimaa. "The role of hair in swimming of laboratory mice: implications for behavioural studies in animals with abnormal hair". Laboratory Animals 39, n. 4 (1 ottobre 2005): 370–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/002367705774286376.
Abstract (sommario):
Animal swimming tests, such as the forced swim test, are extensively used in biomedical research to study rodent behaviour. Hair and skin exposed to water may be an important factor affecting the performance in this test. Since various hair and skin abnormalities are not uncommon in genetically modified or drug-treated laboratory animals, this test may be inappropriate for these animals. Because on occasions it is necessary to screen their swimming behaviour, in the present study we aimed to assess the role of hair in swimming of laboratory rodents in the forced swim test, widely used in behavioural research. For this, we shaved laboratory mice (129S1 strain) and compared their swimming patterns with those of unshaven controls. Overall, shaving mice did not affect their swimming behaviours in the 5 min forced swim test. Our results indicate that hair condition is not an important factor in the forced swim test for this mouse strain, and suggest that this test may have wider utility for behavioural analyses of mice with abnormal hair.
46
Pouliquen, Odile, Michelle Leishman e Trevor D. Redhead. "Effects of radio collars on wild mice, Mus domesticus". Canadian Journal of Zoology 68, n. 7 (1 luglio 1990): 1607–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z90-239.
Abstract (sommario):
Experiments were conducted in the laboratory and in the field to test the effects of radio collars (1.7–1.9 g) on wild house mice (Mus domesticus). There was a decrease in the activity of the collared animals in the laboratory immediately after collar attachment. There were no adverse effects on social interactions in the laboratory, nor on survival for 4–5 days in the field. Provided that the collar is well adjusted, there should be no need to keep wild animals captive for more than 1 h after collar attachment. These results are consistent with those of other researchers on the effect of transmitters on some species of small mammals.
47
Fuller, Claire A. "Variable levels of immunity to experimental Eimetia arizonensis infections in natural, seminatural, and laboratory populations of deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus)". Canadian Journal of Zoology 74, n. 4 (1 aprile 1996): 750–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z96-085.
Abstract (sommario):
Acquired immunity to parasites may affect both host and parasite population dynamics. Although immunity has been studied experimentally in laboratory-reared hosts, less attention has focused on free-living animals. I examined acquired immunity of free-living deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) to naturally occurring and experimental infections of Eimeria arizonensis (Protozoa: Coccidia). In a mark – recapture study, I found evidence of complete immunity to natural infections in only 1 of 3 years and evidence of partial immunity in all years. I subsequently examined partial immunity to experimental infections by giving laboratory-reared, free-living, and enclosure populations of deer mice two or three consecutive E. arizonensis infections. Greater than 90% (13 of 14) of laboratory-reared animals developed immunity after only one exposure, suggesting that E. arizonensis is immunogenic. However, significantly fewer animals living under natural and seminatural conditions developed immunity after one exposure in two of three experiments. These observational and experimental results suggest that immunocompetence of free-living deer mice to E. arizonensis may be variable and may differ with respect to that of laboratory-reared animals.
48
Field, K. J., e C. M. Lang. "Hazards of urethane (ethyl carbamate): a review of the literature". Laboratory Animals 22, n. 3 (1 luglio 1988): 255–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/002367788780746331.
Abstract (sommario):
Urethane (ethyl carbamate) is used alone or in combination with other drugs to produce anaesthesia in laboratory animals. Although originally studied as a potential phytocide, urethane demonstrated antineoplastic properties when administered to rats with the Walker rat carcinoma 256. Subsequent trials in humans led to its use as a chemotherapeutic agent for various leukaemias. Mice develop pulmonary adenomas earlier in life and at a higher incidence following urethane administration. Urethane's carcinogenic influence is greater in neonatal mice; it also has a transplacental influence in mice. In rats, urethane increases the incidence of pulmonary adenomas, Zymbal Gland tumours, and a variety of other neoplasms. Urethane is absorbed sufficiently from the skin of laboratory animals to produce a transient narcosis. The carcinogenic effect appears to be due to an undefined oncogenic intermediate formed in the blood. Considering the properties urethane demonstrates in animals, the safety of its use by laboratory personnel is in question. However, if appropriate guidelines are followed, urethane should continue to be a useful anaesthetic agent for laboratory animals.
49
Sherwin, C. M., E. Haug, N. Terkelsen e M. Vadgama. "Studies on the motivation for burrowing by laboratory mice". Applied Animal Behaviour Science 88, n. 3-4 (ottobre 2004): 343–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2004.03.009.
50
Conlee, K. M., M. L. Stephens, A. N. Rowan e L. A. King. "Carbon dioxide for euthanasia: concerns regarding pain and distress, with special reference to mice and rats". Laboratory Animals 39, n. 2 (1 aprile 2005): 137–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/0023677053739747.
Abstract (sommario):
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the most commonly used agent for euthanasia of laboratory rodents, used on an estimated tens of millions of laboratory rodents per year worldwide, yet there is a growing body of evidence indicating that exposure to CO2 causes more than momentary pain and distress in these and other animals. We reviewed the available literature on the use of CO2 for euthanasia (as well as anaesthesia) and also informally canvassed laboratory animal personnel for their opinions regarding this topic. Our review addresses key issues such as CO2 flow rate and final concentration, presence of oxygen, and prefilled chambers (the animal is added to the chamber once a predetermined concentration and flow rate have been reached) versus gradual induction (the animal is put into an empty chamber and the gas agent(s) is gradually introduced at a fixed rate). Internationally, animal research standards specify that any procedure that would cause pain or distress in humans should be assumed to do so in non-human animals as well (Public Health Service 1986, US Department of Agriculture 1997, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development 2000). European Union guidelines, however, specify a certain threshold of pain or distress, such as 'skilled insertion of a hypodermic needle', as the starting point at which regulation of the use of animals in experimental or other scientific procedures begins (Biotechnology Regulatory Atlas n.d.). There is clear evidence in the human literature that CO2 exposure is painful and distressful, while the non-human literature is equivocal. However, the fact that a number of studies do conclude that CO2 causes pain and distress in animals indicates a need for careful reconsideration of its use. Finally, this review offers recommendations for alternatives to the use of CO2 as a euthanasia agent.