Articoli di riviste: "Mi (Sect)"

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Dũng, Lương Văn, Le Anna, Nguyễn Thị Hạnh e Nguyễn Thị Liễu. "CAMELLIA THUONGIANA - A NEW YELLOW CAMELLIA SPECIES FROM VIETNAM". Tạp chí Khoa học Đại học Đà Lạt 6, n. 3 (30 settembre 2016): 338. http://dx.doi.org/10.37569/dalatuniversity.6.3.78(2016).

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Trà mi Thưởng (Camellia thuongiana Luong, Ann Le & Lau) thuộc họ Chè (Theaceae) đã được mô tả và vẽ hình, đây là một loài trà mi hoa vàng mới, phân bố ở xã Đoàn Kết, huyện Đạ Huoai, tỉnh Lâm Đồng. Trên cơ sở dữ liệu hình thái xác nhận loài mới thuộc sect. Chrysantha.

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Salim, Ahmad. "Peran Kepala Madrasah Wanita Dalam Pengelolaan Penerimaan Siswa Baru Di Mi Maarif Brajan Banjararum Kalibawang Kulon Progo". LITERASI (Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan) 4, n. 1 (10 marzo 2016): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21927/literasi.2013.4(1).71-88.

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Among the principal’s role is to manage the educational institution in getting the number of new students in accordance with the standards that have been done, so it can run educational prosess normally. This study was conducted to find out the role of Principle MI Maarif Brajan Banjar Arum Kalibawang Kulon Progo in getting new students. This study becomes very important due to the Principle MI Maarif is a woman who has a limited step compared with men, but since her leadership the number of new students was increasing. The results showed that the priciple MI Maarif may act as a manager, leader and supervisor and therefore contributes to the satisfaction of internal and external environment prospective student input. Some supporting factors such as the qualification and competence of the Principle MI Maarif Brajan are qualified and religius societie’s sect is same as MI Maarif Brajan Banjararum Kalibawang Kulon Progo. Keyword: woman principle’s role, management new students

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Rofiq, Ahmad Choirul. "Ideologi Politik Khawarij Ibadiyah Dan Sistem Monarki Dinasti Rustamiyah". Al-Tahrir: Jurnal Pemikiran Islam 16, n. 2 (9 novembre 2016): 411. http://dx.doi.org/10.21154/al-tahrir.v16i2.480.

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Abstract: The Ibadites were the Kharijite followers of ‘Abd Alla>h ibn Iba>d} al-Tami>mi>. This sect was recognized as the most moderate of the Kharijites. Because of their moderation, they established their political power under the leadership of ‘Abd al-Rah}ma>n ibn Rustam, the Persian. The Rustamids (160-296 AH / 776-909 AD) were monarchic dynasty. The succession was limited to the descendants of ‘Abd al-Rah}ma>n ibn Rustam. This policy related to government succession was incompatible with the Ibadite doctrine, i.e. everyone who had certain criteria could be selected to be a leader of Muslims, without privilege of particular lineage or ethnicity. According to behavioral approach, this political history shows that many political factors caused such Rustamid succession. The first, the comparison between the population of the Persians and the Berbers. The Berber population was larger than the Persian population and therefore the Berbers could remove the Persian ruler easily if he had broken the Islamic law. The second, the influence of Islamic governments around the Rustamids that performed the monarchic system. The third, the people of the Nafu>sah who had great influence on the Rustamid policy.الملخص: إن الإباضية فرقة من الخوارج. والإباضيون أتباع عبد الله بن الإباض التميمي. واعتبرت هذه الفرقة أكثر فرقة اعتدالا من الفرق الخارجية الأخرى، فاستطاع الإباضيون إقامة الدولة الإباضية بسبب اعتدالهم تحت قيادة عبد الرحمن بن رستم الفارسي. إن سياسة الدولةالرستميةالمتعلقة بتغيّر الحكومة تبنى على مبدأ الوراثة. وهذه السياسة لا تتفق مع النظام الإباضي الذي يقرر أن الحكومة حق لأي مسلم لديه شروط معيّنة ليكون أمير المسلمين بدون تفضيل على أشرف الأنساب أو القبائل الخاصة. بعد التحليل بالطريقة السلوكية، هذا التاريخ السياسي يبين لنا أن هناك عدة العوامل السياسية الدافعة إلى الحكومة الوراثة في عهد الدولة الرستمية. أولا، المقارنة بين عدد السكان الفارسيين والبرابر. إن الفارسيين أكثر عددا من البرابر فيسهل على البرابر انقلاب حكومة الرستميين الفارسيين اذا كان أمير المؤمنين منتهك نظام الإسلام. ثانيا، تأثير الدول المجاورة المبنية على مبدأ الوراثة. ثالثا، قوة تأثير القبيلة النفوسية على عدة السياسات الرستمية.Abstrak: Iba>d}iyyah adalah sekte Khawarij yang dipimpin ‘Abd Alla>h ibn Iba>d} al-Tami>mi>. Kelompok ini dinilai sebagai kelompok paling moderat dibandingkan kelompok-kelompok Khawarij lainnya. Berkat sikap moderasi inilah, maka Iba>d}iyyah berhasil mewujudkan kekuasaaan politik pada era Dinasti Rustamiyyah di bawah pimpinan ‘Abd al-Rah}ma>n ibn Rustam. Dalam bidang politik, pemerintahan Rustamiyyah (160-296 M / 776-909 H) ternyata menerapkan sistem monarki yang bertolak belakang dengan doktrin Iba>d}iyyah sendiri. Setelah dilakukan analisis dengan pendekatan behavioral, kajian sejarah politik ini menemukan adanya beberapa motif yang melatarbelakangi kebijakan suksesi kepemimpinan Rustamiyyah tersebut. Pada dasarnya, kepentingan politis telah mendorong Rustamiyyah untuk mengabaikan idealisme doktrin Iba>d}iyyah. Faktor-faktor itu ialah perbandingan jumlah populasi penduduk dari Persia yang lebih sedikit daripada penduduk Berber sehingga penggulingan pemimpin yang menyeleweng dari hukum Islam lebih mudah dilakukan, pengaruh dari tradisi pemerintahan Islam di sekitarnya pada saat itu yang cenderung menerapkan suksesi kekuasaan secara turun temurun, dan pengaruh kuat masyarakat Nafu>sah terhadap pemerintahan Rustamiyyah dalam berbagai kebijakan politik.

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Yun, H. Y., A. Y. Rossman e J. Byrne. "First Report of Gymnosporangium sabinae, European Pear Rust, on Bradford Pear in Michigan". Plant Disease 93, n. 8 (agosto 2009): 841. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-93-8-0841a.

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Bradford pear, Pyrus calleryana Decne., is well known as an ornamental plant for its flowers, leaf color in fall, and disease resistance, making it desirable as a street tree. In August and October of 2008, the aecial stage of Gymnosporangium sabinae (Dicks.) G. Winter was collected from leaves of P. calleryana in Farmington, MI (Oakland County). The one tree had foliage that was severely affected by the rust fungus. Using published descriptions of G. sabinae as the synonym of G. fuscum, type of the genus Gymnosporangium (1–4), the Michigan specimen was identified and confirmed by comparison with previously reported European and U.S. specimens (BPI 118736 and BPI 856578). The diagnostic characteristics of G. sabinae include: spermagonia epiphyllous; aecia hypophyllous, roestelioid, 3 to 6 mm high; peridium balanoid (acorn shaped), becoming elongated at maturity, pale yellow, sides opening with lateral slits but remaining attached at light brown, pointed apex; peridial cells elongated, 51 to 68 μm long, outer walls smooth, inner walls and side walls sparsely echinulate; aeciospores globose to broadly ellipsoid, somewhat angular, surface slightly coronate, 22 to 32 × 22 to 36 μm, walls orange, 3.5 to 5.5 μm thick. This species is distinguished from other species of Gymnosporangium on Pyrus by the balanoid (acorn-shaped) peridium and the late season maturation of the aecial stage (4). Telia and teliospores of G. sabinae are produced on the alternate host, various species of Juniperus sect. Sabinae, but were not observed in Michigan. The specimen from Michigan is deposited in the U.S. National Fungus Collections (BPI 878928). G. sabinae is widely distributed in Europe, extending to Asia and North Africa, but is rarely reported in North America. It was accidentally introduced into California in the aecial stage on P. communis L. and the telial stage on Juniperus chinensis L. (2), as well as introduced into Canada (British Columbia) (3,4). The only previous report of G. sabinae on P. calleryana is in Germany (1). G. sabinae is known to attack commercial pear and ornamental juniper plants in Europe, thus it seems important to prevent the further spread of this fungus in North America. References: (1) U. Braun. Feddes Repert. Beih. 93:213, 1982. (2) G. Laundon. Mycotaxon 3:133, 1975. (3) A. H. McCain and D. Y. Rosenberg. Calif. Dep. Agric. Bull. 50:13, 1961. (4) J. A. Parmelee. Fungi Canadensis No. 43. Gymnosporangium fuscum, 1974.

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Bertolino, Karina Mendes, Giuliana Rayane Barbosa Duarte, Gustavo Maldini Penna de Valadares e. Vasconcelos e Élberis Pereira Botrel. "Desempenho de crotalária consorciada com milheto na produção de biomassa". ForScience 9, n. 1 (14 maggio 2021): e00895. http://dx.doi.org/10.29069/forscience.2021v9n1.e895.

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O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o desempenho da crotalária e milheto consorciados em diferentes proporções, bem como a melhor época de manejo e a combinação de consórcio para a produção de palhada. O delineamento utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados em esquema de parcela subdividida, sendo as parcelas constituídas de crotalária (Crotalaria spectabilis (CR) e milheto (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) (MI) consorciados em diferentes proporções (100% CR; 80% CR + 20% MI; 60% CR + 40% MI; 40% CR + 60% MI; 100% MI) e as subparcelas duas épocas de manejo (86 e 118 dias após a semeadura), com quatro repetições. No qual tiveram como variável resposta a altura de plantas e a biomassa seca. O índice de eficiência e uso da terra foi calculado por meio dos dados obtidos de massa seca total dos consórcios aos 118 dias após a semeadura. A melhor época para o manejo das plantas em consórcio foi aos 118 dias após a semeadura, onde se obteve a quantidade suficiente de massa seca para cobertura do solo sob sistema de plantio direto. O consórcio mais vantajoso em termos agronômicos foi o constituído por 20% CR + 80% MI. Palavras-chave: Palhada. Crotalaria spectabilis. Pennisetum glaucum (L.). Crotalary performance consortiated with millet in biomass production Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of intercropped crotalary and millet in different proportions, as well as the best management time and the combination of intercropping for the production of straw. The design used was that of randomized blocks in a subdivided plot scheme, with plots consisting of crotalary (Crotalaria spectabilis) (CR) and millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.)) (MI) intercropped in different proportions (100% CR; 80% CR + 20 % MI; 60% CR + 40% MI; 40% CR + 60% MI; 100% MI) and the subplots two management times (86 and 118 days after sowing), with four replications. In which the height of plants and dry biomass were the variable response. The efficiency and land use index were calculated using data obtained from the total dry mass of the consortia at 118 days after sowing. The best time for the management of the intercropped plants was 118 days after sowing, where sufficient dry mass was obtained to cover the soil under no-tillage system. The most advantageous consortium in agronomic terms was the one constituted by 20% CR + 80% MI. Keywords: Straw. Crotalaria spectabilis. Pennisetum glaucum (L.)

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Cruz Farfud, Álvaro. "Las bondades de los datiles". Revista Cultural Unilibre, n. 1 (26 dicembre 2021): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.18041/1909-2288/revistacultural.1.2020.8430.

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Desde mi niñez he disfrutado de este fruto, en Cartagena mi ciudad natal, no se conseguían fácilmente, eran sumamente costosos, pero en la colonia libanesa era un manjar que en algunas ocasiones nos dábamos el gusto de disfrutar de este fruto seco, que para un niño podía tener un aspecto extraño, sin embargo una vez se prueba, difícilmente se olvida, por ello quiero compartir con los lectores de mi grata experiencia.

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Bertolino, Karina Mendes, Giuliana Rayane Barbosa Duarte, Gustavo Maldini Penna de Valadares e. Vasconcelos, Élberis Pereira Botrel e Fábio Aurélio Dias Martins. "Produção de biomassa e cobertura do solo pelo consórcio de crotalária e milheto e sua influência em propriedades físicas dos solo". ForScience 9, n. 2 (27 luglio 2021): e00931. http://dx.doi.org/10.29069/forscience.2021v9n2.e931.

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O objetivo neste trabalho foi avaliar a cobertura do solo proporcionada pela crotalária e milheto consorciados em diferentes proporções, bem como seus efeitos na qualidade física do solo. A instalação do experimento obedeceu ao delineamento em blocos casualizados. Os tratamentos foram constituídos de crotalária (Crotalaria spectabilis ) (CR) e milheto (Pennisetum glaucum L. ) (MI) consorciados em diferentes proporções de semeadura, totalizando seis tratamentos: 100% CR (crotalária solteira); 80% CR + 20% MI; 60% CR + 40% MI; 40% CR + 60% MI; 20% CR + 80% MI; 100% MI (milheto solteiro), com quatro repetições. As variáveis avaliadas foram a biomassa seca aos 118 dias após a semeadura, a porcentagem de cobertura do solo e umidade do solo aos 30, 60, 90 e 120 dias após o manejo das plantas, a resistência a penetração até 40 cm e densidade do solo na camada de 0-10. Aos 118 dias após a semeadura, a crotalária, o milheto e seus consórcios produziram quantidade de biomassa seca suficiente para promover a cobertura do solo de em média 77% até os 120 dias após o manejo das plantas, contudo não foram capazes de promover diferenças nos atributos físicos do solo. Palavras-chave: Física do solo. Palhada. Sistema de plantas de cobertura. Biomass production and soil coverage by the crotalary and millette consortium and its influence on physical properties AbstractThe aim of this work was to evaluate the soil cover provided by crotalaria and millet intercropped in different proportions, as well as their effects on the physical quality of the soil. The installation of the experiment followed the randomized block design. The treatments consisted of crotalary (Crotalaria spectabilis) (CR) and millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) (MI) intercropped in different sowing proportions, totaling 6 treatments: 100% CR (single crotalary); 80% CR + 20% MI; 60% CR + 40% MI; 40% CR + 60% MI; 20% CR + 80% MI; 100% MI (single millet), with 4 repetitions. The variables evaluated were dry biomass at 118 days after sowing, the percentage of soil cover and soil moisture at 30, 60, 90 and 120 days after plant management, the resistance to penetration up to 40 cm and soil density in the 0-10 layer. At 118 days after sowing the crotalary, the millet and their intercropping produced enough dry biomass to promote an average 77% soil cover until 120 days after plant management, however, they were unable to promote differences in the physical attributes of the soil. Keywords: Soil physics. Straw. Cover plants system.

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Dunn, Chris, RoseAnne M. Droesch, Brian D. Johnston e Frederick P. Rivara. "MOTIVATIONAL INTERVIEWING WITH INJURED ADOLESCENTS IN THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT: IN-SESSION PREDICTORS OF CHANGE". Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 32, n. 1 (gennaio 2004): 113–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465804001110.

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This paper reports the process outcomes of a randomized trial of a one-session Motivational Interviewing (MI) intervention conducted with youth (12–20 years) in a hospital emergency department (ED) while undergoing medical care for an injury. The interventions targeted six behaviors placing youths at high risk for injury. Those youth whose counselors perceived their readiness to increase between the start and end of the MI session were 4.5 times more likely to have improved their use of seat belts 6 months later compared with youth who were not perceived to have increased in readiness during the session.

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Smith-MacDonald, Lorraine, Liana Lentz, David Malloy, Suzette Brémault-Phillips e R. Nicholas Carleton. "Meat in a Seat: A Grounded Theory Study Exploring Moral Injury in Canadian Public Safety Communicators, Firefighters, and Paramedics". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, n. 22 (19 novembre 2021): 12145. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182212145.

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The work of public safety personnel (PSP) is inherently moral; however, the ability of PSP to do what is good and right can be impeded and frustrated, leading to moral suffering. Left unresolved, moral suffering may develop into moral injury (MI) and potential psychological harm. The current study was designed to examine if MI is relevant to frontline public safety communicators, firefighters, and paramedics. Semi-structured interviews (n = 3) and focus groups (n = 3) were conducted with 19 participants (public safety communicators (n = 2); paramedics (n = 7); and firefighters (n = 10)). Interviews and focus groups were audio-recorded, transcribed, coded, and constantly compared in accordance with the grounded theory method. A conceptual theory of “frustrating moral expectations” emerged, with participants identifying three interrelated properties as being potentially morally injurious: chronic societal problems, impaired systems, and organizational quagmires. Participants navigated their moral frustrations through both integrative and disintegrative pathways, resulting in either needing to escape their moral suffering or transforming ontologically. The current study results support MI as a relevant concept for frontline PSP. Given the seriousness of PSP leaving their profession or committing suicide to escape moral suffering, the importance of the impact of MI on PSP and public safety organizations cannot be ignored or underestimated. Understanding the similarities and differences of morally injurious exposures of frontline PSP may be critical for determining mental health and resilience strategies that effectively protect PSP.

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Hernández-Urigüen, Rafael. "Hacia la visión beatífica: sugerencias para una estética teológica desde la escatología". Scripta Theologica 38, n. 2 (23 ottobre 2017): 855–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.15581/006.38.11237.

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En 1978 dirigió mi tesis doctoral en Teología el Prof. Dr. Lucas Francisco Mateo-Seco. Al llegar a un punto de mis investigaciones encontré algo que captó poderosamente mi atención. Estudiaba por entonces las cuestiones sobre la inadecuación del conocimiento sensible para contemplar la esencia de Dios, y comprobé cómo el Aquinate atribuía algún papel a los sentidos en los cuerpos glorificados. Esta permanencia de la naturaleza sensible en el estado de gloria me fascinó de tal manera que propuse detener mi investigación en este punto, bajo el título: «la trascendencia de la percepción sensible y de la materia en la creación renovada». Por diversas circunstancias, no pudo llevarse a cabo Funentonces este proyecto. Casi treinta años más tarde, intentaré desarrollar ordenadamente las posibilidades que la doctrina tomista ofrece para fundamentar una estética escatológica iniciando el itinerario en las reflexiones de Santo Tomás.

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Souza, W. J. O., e W. J. Melo. "Matéria orgânica em um Latossolo submetido a diferentes sistemas de produção de milho". Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 27, n. 6 (dicembre 2003): 1113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-06832003000600016.

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Com objetivo de avaliar o efeito de sistemas de produção sobre a dinâmica do carbono no solo e nas frações da matéria orgânica, durante seis anos, em Jaboticabal (SP), foram testados diferentes tratamentos, a saber: semeadura convencional de milho com pousio no inverno (C-Mi-P), plantio direto de milho e pousio no inverno (D-Mi-P), convencional de milho em rotação com soja e pousio no inverno (C-Mi-P-So), plantio direto de milho em rotação com soja e pousio no inverno (D-Mi-P-So) e plantio direto de milho com uso de Mucuna aterrina (mucuna preta), Cajanus cajan (feijão guandu) e Crotalaria juncea no inverno (D-Mi-Mu, D-Mi-Gu e D-Mi-Cr) em delineamento de blocos ao acaso e parcelas subdivididas. Após 60 dias da emergência das plântulas, coletaram-se amostras de solo a diferentes profundidades (0-0,05, 0,05-0,10 e 0,10-0,20 m). Avaliaram-se nas amostras os teores de C orgânico (CO) e C total nas frações: matérias húmicas (MH), solúvel em água (SA), ácido fúlvico (AF), ácido húmico (AH) e humina (HN) com dados expressos em base de terra seca em estufa (TSE). O uso do sistema plantio direto com pousio e o cultivo de leguminosas no inverno (mucuna preta e feijão guandu) foram os que apresentaram maiores valores de CO e C-HN na camada de 0-0,05 m. O tratamento C-Mi-P-So mostrou o maior valor de C-SA na camada de 0,05-0,10 m. Quanto aos teores de C-MH, os tratamentos C-Mi-P-So e D-Mi-P-So foram os que apresentaram os maiores valores nas camadas superficiais. O plantio direto de milho em monocultura e sucessão com leguminosas (mucuna preta e feijão guandu) parecem ter favorecido dois processos: migração de AF para as camadas mais profundas, reduzindo os valores de MH nas camadas superficiais do solo, e interconversões de AF em AH mais rápidas.

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Gaspar, Gabriel Vidal, Francisco Marcus Lima Bezerra e Francisco Suetônio Bastos Mota. "DESENVOLVIMENTO DE CITRONELA (CYMBOPOGON WINTERIANUS) IRRIGADA COM ESGOTO DOMÉSTICO TRATADO E COM ÁGUA DE ABASTECIMENTO". Revista Brasileira de Ciências Ambientais (Online) 55, n. 1 (8 maggio 2020): 145–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/z2176-947820200533.

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Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o desenvolvimento de capim citronela (Cymbopogon winterianus) irrigado com água de abastecimento fornecida pela concessionária (TA), esgoto doméstico tratado, após a adição de cloro (TB), e esgoto doméstico tratado, antes da adição de cloro (TC). Utilizou-se o efluente de uma estação de tratamento de esgoto (ETE) do tipo reator anaeróbio de fluxo ascendente (RAFA). A irrigação, com cada efluente, foi realizada em sete vasos, cada vaso com duas mudas do vegetal, totalizando14 plantas. Analisaram-se: índice de clorofila nas folhas (IC); teor de massa seca (MS); teor de massa inerte (MI). Para o IC, os resultados, em Soil Plant Analysis Development (SPAD), foram: 18 (TA), 31,73 (TB) e 37,03 (TC). Para o MS, os resultados, em %m/m, foram: 86,14 (TA), 83,75 (TB) e 82,18 (TC). Para o MI, os resultados, em %m/m, foram: 2,25 (TA), 1,71 (TB) e 1,63 (TC). Percebeu-se que plantas regadas com efluentes tratados apresentaram visualmente um melhor desenvolvimento foliar e tonalidade mais escura deverde. O efluente oriundo do tratamento TC proporcionou a maior produção de clorofila, indicando um maior potencial de aproveitamento. O tratamento TA proporcionou a produção de maiores quantidades de massa seca e de massa inerte.

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Silva, Diêgo Alan Mangueira da, e Marcelo de Oliveira Moura. "Registros de desastres associados à estiagem e seca na região do Alto Sertão da Paraíba". Revista de Geociências do Nordeste 4 (23 maggio 2018): 126–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21680/2447-3359.2018v4n0id14100.

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Os desastres naturais de ordem climática é um problema histórico na região do semiárido nordestino. A Paraíba é um dos estados brasileiros que mais reconhece desastres de estiagem e seca. Diante desse cenário, buscou-se investigar a frequência dessas ocorrências em uma das regiões de clima semiárido da Paraíba. O objetivo desse artigo é analisar a distribuição espaço-temporal dos desastres deflagrados por estiagem e seca, os quais almejaram decretos por Situação de Emergência (SE) e por Estado de Calamidade Pública (ECP), entre os anos de 2003 a 2016, na região o Alto Sertão da Paraíba. Os dados de reconhecimentos dos desastres foram adquiridos na página do site do Sistema Nacional de Proteção e Defesa Civil (SINPDEC) do Ministério da Integração (MI). Foi contabilizado um total de 503 desastres climáticos na região. Desse montante, 493 foram desastres decretados por SE (485 por estiagem e 8 por seca) e 10 desastres de estiagem decretados por ECP.

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Souza, W. J. O., e W. J. Melo. "Teores de nitrogênio no solo e nas frações da matéria orgânica sob diferentes sistemas de produção de milho". Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 24, n. 4 (dicembre 2000): 885–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-06832000000400020.

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Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de sistemas de produção sobre a dinâmica do N no solo e nas frações da matéria orgânica, realizou-se, por seis anos, em Jaboticabal (SP), um experimento constituído de: semeadura convencional de milho com pousio no inverno (C-Mi-P), plantio direto de milho e pousio no inverno (D-Mi-P), plantio convencional de milho em rotação com soja e pousio no inverno (C-Mi-P-So), plantio direto de milho em rotação com soja e pousio no inverno (D-Mi-P-So) e plantio direto de milho com uso de Mucuna aterrina (mucuna-preta), Cajanus cajan (feijão guandu) e Crotalaria juncea no inverno (D-Mi-Mu, D-Mi-Gu e D-Mi-Cr), em delineamento de blocos ao acaso e parcelas subdivididas. Após 60 dias da emergência das plântulas, coletaram-se amostras de solo (0-0,05, 0,05-0,10 e 0,10-0,20 m) e planta. Nas amostras de terra, avaliaram-se os teores de N total, N-NH4+, N-NO3-, N biomassa microbiana (N-B), N potencialmente mineralizável (NPM), N total nas frações: matérias húmicas (MH), solúvel em água (FSA), ácido fúlvico (AF), ácido húmico (AH) e humina (HN) com dados expressos em base de TFSE. Nas folhas, determinaram-se os teores de N total, e nas plantas de adubo verde (semeadas após a colheita do milho), mediram-se a produção de matéria seca (MS). Observaram-se valores maiores de NPM na camada de 0-0,05 m e nos tratamentos com plantio direto, envolvendo ou não rotação de culturas ou adubação verde, com a FSA se comportando de modo semelhante. O sistema de cultivo convencional, envolvendo ou não rotação de culturas, proporcionou maiores valores de N mineral na camada de 0,05-0,10 m, em razão da presença de maiores valores de N-nítrico. O cultivo convencional acelerou o processo de mineralização do N, enquanto a maior adição de matéria orgânica pela cultura de inverno no sistema de plantio direto promoveu incremento da fração potencialmente mineralizável do N no solo.

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Zeoula, Lúcia Maria, Saul Ferreira Caldas Neto, Luiz Juliano Valério Geron, Emilyn Midore Maeda, Ivanor Nunes do Prado, Paulo Henrique Moura Dian, João Ricardo Vieira Jorge e Jair de Araújo Marques. "Substituição do milho pela farinha de varredura de mandioca (Manihot esculenta Crantz) em rações de ovinos: consumo, digestibilidade, balanços de nitrogênio e energia e parâmetros ruminais". Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 32, n. 2 (aprile 2003): 491–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-35982003000200030.

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Avaliaram-se os efeitos dos níveis de substituição do milho (MI) pela farinha de varredura de mandioca (FV) (25, 50, 75 e 100%) em rações para ovinos, sobre consumo voluntário, digestibilidade total dos nutrientes, balanços de nitrogênio (BN) e de energia (BE), pH e concentração de nitrogênio amoniacal (N-NH3) do líquido ruminal. Foram utilizados quatro carneiros machos, castrados, sem raça definida, com peso médio de 41,4 kg de peso vivo em um ensaio de digestibilidade utilizando o método de coleta total de fezes e urina. Os animais foram mantidos em gaiolas metabólicas, distribuídos em delineamento experimental quadrado latino 4x4. O líquido ruminal foi obtido por meio de sonda esofágica, nos tempos de zero, 2, 4, 6 e 8 horas após à alimentação da manhã. Não houve efeito dos níveis de substituição para os consumos de matéria seca (MS), matéria orgânica (MO), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), energia e nitrogênio (N), para os coeficientes de digestibilidade da MS, MO, PB, FDN, amido e energia bruta (EB), e para o BN e os teores de NDT. O consumo de amido e EB apresentaram efeito quadrático crescente até o nível de 75% de FV na ração. A concentração de N amoniacal e o pH do líquido ruminal não diferiram em função do nível de substituição do MI pela FV. Concluindo-se que a FV pode substituir totalmente o MI nas rações de ovinos.

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VILLAS BÔAS, ROBERTO LYRA, MARIA HELENA MORAES, JOSÉ RENATO ZANINI, LUIS CARLOS PAVANI, DANIELA APARECIDA CAMARGO e LUIZA HELENA DUENHAS. "Teores de nutrientes na folha, qualidade do suco e massa seca de raizes de laranja-"Valência" em função da irrigação e fertirrigação". Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura 24, n. 1 (aprile 2002): 231–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-29452002000100049.

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O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido na Área Experimental de Irrigação da Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias de Jaboticabal/Unesp, com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da fertirrigação sobre o teor foliar de macro e de micronutrientes, a massa fresca de raízes e a qualidade do suco de frutos em um pomar de laranja-'Valência'. Os tratamentos utilizados foram: (SI) sem irrigação e adubação com fertilizante sólido parcelado em quatro vezes; (MI-100) fertirrigação por microaspersão com 100% da evapotranspiração; (MI-50) fertirrigação por microaspersão com 50% da evapotranspiração; (G-100) fertirrigação por gotejamento com 100% da evapotranspiração; e (G-50) fertirrigação por gotejamento com 50% da evapotranspiração. Os teores de macro e micronutrientes nas folhas não foram alterados pela irrigação, pelos sistemas de fertirrigação e pela lâmina de água aplicada. A acidez total titulável foi superior no tratamento sem irrigação, e a % de suco no fruto e "ratio" não foram afetadas pelos tratamentos com e sem irrigação. A massa fresca de raiz foi maior nos tratamentos irrigados, porém não foram constatadas para esse parâmetro diferenças entre os sistemas de gotejamento e microaspersão. A maior concentração de raízes ocorreu até 10 cm de profundidade e até 30 cm de distância do emissor.

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Adja, Miessan Germain, Jean-Patrice Jourda, Marc Youan Ta, Koffi Kouame, Kan Jean Kouame, Koffi Fernand Kouame, Mahaman Bachir Saley, Kouakou Bernard Dje e Jean Biemi. "Diagnostic à la mi-saison sèche de l'état hydrique du bassin-versant de la Bagoé (milieu soudano-sahélien de Côte d'Ivoire) à l'aide d'images ETM+de Landsat". Sécheresse 20, n. 3 (luglio 2009): 253–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1684/sec.2009.0192.

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18

Yuniari, Dwi, Niken Puruhita, Enny Probosari, Hertanto Wahyu Subagyo e Annta Kern Nugrohowati. "Correlation Between Visceral Fat And Lipid Profile in Myocardial Infarction Patients". Medica Hospitalia : Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, n. 2 (31 luglio 2023): 168–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.36408/mhjcm.v10i2.797.

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Abstract (sommario):

BACKGROUND : Previous studies reported that visceral fat plays an important role in cardiovascular disease, even in non-obese individuals. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a non-invasive and radiation-free method for assessing visceral fat. Not much is known whether visceral fat correlates with lipid profile in myocardial infarction (MI) patients in Indonesian population. PURPOSE : To analyze the correlation between visceral fat and serum lipid profile in MI patients. METHODE : This is a correlational study on 32 MI patients hospitalized at the ICCU of RSUP Dr. Kariadi Hospital recruited with consecutive sampling. Visceral fat was measured by BIA SECA mBCA 525 series, data regarding levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein (LDL), and high density lipoprotein (HDL) were gathered from medical record. The data were normally distributed, then the hypothesis was tested with the Pearson. RESULT : The mean age of the subjects was 55 ± 9.88 years, with 87.5% being male. As many as 81.3% of subjects experienced ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). The average body mass index (BMI) was 26.2 ± 3.68 kg/m², in which 40.6% of subjects were classified as grade 1 obesity. The majority of subjects (93.8%) had high visceral fat. As many as 68.8% of subjects had high LDL levels with an average of 120.5 ± 38.84 mg/dL. HDL average was 35±13.55 mg/dL with 62.5% of subjects having low HDL levels. More than half of the subjects (56.3%) experienced hypertriglyceridemia with an average of 157.4 ± 55.84 mg/dL. Visceral fat was significantly related to total cholesterol and triglycerides (r=0.40; p=0.02 and r=0.36; p=0.04). CONCLUSION : There is a significant correlation between visceral fat and total cholesterol and triglycerides in MI patients.

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Champahom, Thanapong, Sajjakaj Jomnonkwao, Woraanong Thotongkam, Pornsiri Jongkol, Porntip Rodpon e Vatanavongs Ratanavaraha. "Investigating Parents’ Attitudes towards the Use of Child Restraint Systems by Comparing Non-Users and User Parents". Sustainability 15, n. 4 (6 febbraio 2023): 2896. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15042896.

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In developing countries, there are no laws to enforce child safety seat use, so there is still a very low rate of use. This study aimed to understand parents’ attitudes toward CRS use based on the health belief model (HBM) theory. To find realistic policies encouraging the use of CRSs, the model was split into two sub-models: a group of parents using a CRS (CRS user) and a group of parents not using a CRS (CRS non-user). Using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), structural equation modeling (SEM), and measurement invariance (MI) to test the differences between the two parent groups, the CFA results indicated that there were six constructs based on the HBM. According to the individual models of SEM, in the CRS non-user model, no significant latent construct was found to affect the use of CRSs, whereas in the CRS user model, the perceived severity and the cues to action were significant for using a CRS (p < 0.05). The MI results indicated that the attitudes of the two parent groups were different. The recommendations for policies obtained from the study results include promotion aimed toward increasing safety awareness, public relations regarding CRS usefulness, and pricing strategies from the government sector.

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20

Santizo, I. M., A. M. Valdez de Garcia e C. A. García. "Identificación de Familias de Metabolitos Secundarios en Myrica Cerífera". Revista Científica 17, n. 1 (31 dicembre 2004): 75–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.54495/rev.cientifica.v17i1.228.

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El presente trabajo se realizó con el objetivo de implementar metodologías para determinar la presencia de familias de metabolitos secundarios; que sean viables y factibles en nuestro medio, tomando en consideración la técnica de extracción utilizada para obtener los extractos, comparando los extractos obtenidos por lixiviación (agitación en frío) y los extractos obtenidos por extracción Soxleth (en caliente). Para tal fin se realizó la determinación de metabolitos secundarios en la planta Myrica cerifera, utilizando técnicas químicas cualitativas en tres extractos utilizando solventes diferentes, que fueron obtenidos por un grupo de investigadores en el Centro de Investigaciones de Ingeniería de la Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala; la primera etapa del tamizaje consistió en realizar 6 extracciones con tres solventes distintos y dos tipos diferentes de técnicas extractivas. Para la técnica de lixiviación, 60 gr. del fruto del Arrayán (Myrica cerifera) fueron colocados en tres erlenmeyer con una capacidad de 250 mi y se agregaron 200 mi del solvente extractor(hexano, metano! y agua) en este caso cada erlenmeyer tenía un solvente diferente; se mantuvo en agitación en frio con un magneto mecánico (lixiviación) durante 72 horas, remplazando el volumen del solvente cada 24 horas, el solvente remplazado era colectado. Para la preparación del extracto en caliente se pesaron 10 gr. del fruto y fueron divididas en tres porciones: cada una de las porciones se colocó en un dedal de extractor Soxleth. previamente seco y tarado; al sistema Soxleth armado se le agregaron 100 mi de solvente , usando hexano, metanol y agua, cada uno por separado. A cada sistema se le aplicó 40, 60, 100ºC respectivamente durante 24 horas contínuas en reflujo, colectando el extracto al final de este período.

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21

Ferreira, Jônatas Barbosa Cavalcante, Mariana Aragão Macedo, Douglas de Almeida Rocha, Tauana de Sousa Ferreira, Marcos Takashi Obara e Rodrigo Gurgel-Gonçalves. "Ocorrência de flebotomíneos (Diptera: Psychodidae) em matas de galeria no Distrito Federal, Brasil". EntomoBrasilis 7, n. 3 (5 dicembre 2014): 216–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.12741/ebrasilis.v7i3.398.

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O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a ocorrência de flebotomíneos em matas de galeria do Distrito Federal (DF), em diferentes estações climáticas, estratos verticais e condições de preservação das matas. As capturas foram realizadas em três áreas na Fazenda Água Limpa da Universidade de Brasília. Em cada área foi analisada a ocorrência de flebotomíneos em 20 pontos visitados em dois meses, novembro de 2012 (estação chuvosa) e maio de 2013 (estação seca). Armadilhas luminosas HP foram instaladas a 1,5 m e a 10 m de altura do solo, operando entre 17:00 e 07:00 h, por três dias consecutivos. Foram instaladas 359 armadilhas-noite na estação chuvosa e 291 na seca. Nenhum flebotomíneo foi capturado na estação chuvosa. Na estação seca foram capturados 250 exemplares. As espécies identificadas foram Psathyromyia runoides (Fairchild & Hertig) (79,9%), Pintomyia monticola (Costa Lima) (9,7%), Micropygomyia quinquefer (Dyar) (3,7%), Psathyromyia shannoni (Dyar) (3%), Bichromomyia flaviscutellata (Mangabeira) (0,7%), Brumptomyia sp. (0,7%), Pintomyia kuscheli (Le Pont, Martinez, Torrez-Espejo & Dujardin) (0,7%), Psathyromyia lutziana (Costa Lima) (0.7%) e Sciopemyia sordellii (Shannon & Del Ponte) (0,7%). Os resultados indicam que em matas de galeria do DF há uma maior ocorrência de flebotomíneos na estação seca, no nível do solo e em áreas preservadas. Registra-se pela primeira vez Pa. runoides, Pi. kuscheli e Mi. quinquefer no DF. Occurrence of Phlebotomine Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in the Gallery Forests of the Federal District, Brazil Abstract. We analyzed the occurrence of phlebotomine sand flies in the gallery forests of the Federal District (FD), in different seasons, forest strata and conservation status. The samples were collected in three areas in the Água Limpa Farm, University of Brasília. In each area the occurrence data were analyzed in 20 collection sites visited on two months, November 2012 (rainy season) and May 2013 (dry season). HP light traps were installed at 1.5 m and 10 m above the ground operating from 17:00 to 7:00 h, during three consecutive days. We set 359 trap-nights during the rainy season and 291 during the dry season. None sand fly was caught during the rainy season. In the dry season 250 sand flies were captured. The identified species were Psathyromyia runoides (Fairchild & Hertig) (79.9%), Pintomyia monticola (Costa Lima) (9.7%), Micropygomyia quinquefer (Dyar) (3.7%), Psathyromyia shannoni (Dyar) (3%), Bichromomyia flaviscutellata (Mangabeira) (0.7%), Brumptomyia sp. (0.7%), Pintomyia kuscheli (Le Pont, Martinez, Torrez-Espejo & Dujardin) (0.7%), Psathyromyia lutziana (Costa Lima) (0.7%), and Sciopemyia sordellii (Shannon & Del Ponte) (0.7%). The results indicated that in the gallery forests of the FD there is a higher occurrence of sand flies in the dry season, at ground level and in preserved areas. Pa runoides, Pi. kuscheli and Mi. quinquefer were recorded for the first time in the FD.

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Zhang, Daoan, Chenming Li, Haoquan Li, Wenjian Huang, Lingyun Huang e Jianguo Zhang. "Rethinking Alignment and Uniformity in Unsupervised Image Semantic Segmentation". Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 37, n. 9 (26 giugno 2023): 11192–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v37i9.26325.

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Unsupervised image segmentation aims to match low-level visual features with semantic-level representations without outer supervision. In this paper, we address the critical properties from the view of feature alignments and feature uniformity for UISS models. We also make a comparison between UISS and image-wise representation learning. Based on the analysis, we argue that the existing MI-based methods in UISS suffer from representation collapse. By this, we proposed a robust network called Semantic Attention Network(SAN), in which a new module Semantic Attention(SEAT) is proposed to generate pixel-wise and semantic features dynamically. Experimental results on multiple semantic segmentation benchmarks show that our unsupervised segmentation framework specializes in catching semantic representations, which outperforms all the unpretrained and even several pretrained methods.

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(Corresponding Author), Desti Widiani, Sangkot Sirait, Andi Prastowo e Abdul Munip. "Kuttab in Indonesia: Its Existence and Development during the Reform Era". Journal of Al-Tamaddun 18, n. 1 (19 giugno 2023): 115–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/jat.vol18no1.10.

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The re-emergence of the Kuttab is an interesting phenomenon to study in Indonesia. This institution continues to bloom after its last traces in 1952 in Riau. In 2012, the Kuttab Al-Fatih was established and developed in 23 cities. Other kuttabs began to emerge in different Indonesian regions. Therefore, this study attempts to show the existence and development of kuttab in the reform era in Indonesia. Data were collected using a Systematic Literature Review. The results showed that the re-emergence of post-reform kuttab caused a shock effect. This is because the curriculum developed was different from that of Islamic educational institutions. Furthermore, it is necessary to recognize government policy towards kuttab in Indonesia since it has no legal umbrella, hence, a solution is needed to seat this institution. First, the Ministry of Religion/Kemdikbudristek has to make regulations that contain kuttab nomenclature. Second, it is necessary to separate pesantren and kuttab. Third, the kuttab needs to be accommodated, fostered, adopted and supervised. Fourth, this institution is regarded as a formal pathway and is at the SD/MI level. The kuttab has two class systems including the initial I, II, III and the qanuni I, II, III, IV with ages 5-12 years. The kuttab diploma needs to be equivalent to a formal SD/MI education and not only PKBM, MSU, or Package A.

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F. Espinoza, Ítalo, Alexandra E. Barrera, Adolfo R. Sánchez, Marlene L. Medina e Antón R. García. "Elaboración de Ensilaje de Maíz Forrajero (Zea Mays) y Residuos de Banano Verde (Musa Paradisiaca) para Ovinos Tropicales". Ciencia Latina Revista Científica Multidisciplinar 7, n. 5 (13 ottobre 2023): 2817–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.37811/cl_rcm.v7i5.7921.

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Antecedentes: El maíz forrajero y el residuo de banano verde son opciones potenciales en la producción de ensilaje, el estudio se realizó para evaluar la composición química de ensilaje de maíz forrajero y rechazo de banano verde en diferentes proporciones en una dieta base. Objetivo: Para cumplir con el objetivo, se prepararon microsilos que contenían los tratamientos evaluados: Métodos: T1: 50% maíz forrajero, 0% rechazo de banano; T2 45% maíz forrajero, 5% rechazo de banano; T3: 40% maíz forrajero, 10% rechazo de banano; T4: 35% maíz forrajero, 15% rechazo de banano; T5: 30% maíz forrajero, 20% rechazo de banano, en todos los tratamientos se agregaron polvillo 27%, pasta de soya 20% y sal mineral 3% completando la dieta base al 100%. Se evaluaron las variables: materia seca (MS), materia orgánica (MO), materia inorgánica (MI), fibra bruta (FB), grasa bruta (GB), energía bruta (EB), proteína bruta (PB), fracciones de fibra: fibra detergente neutra (FDN) y fibra detergente ácida (FDA). Se empleó un diseño completamente al azar (DCA). Las variables evaluadas fueron sometidas al análisis de varianza y a la prueba de Tukey al 5% de probabilidad. Resultados: El T4 y T5 reportaron valores significativos en MS mientras que la MI y la PB demostraron valores similares en sus tratamientos, sin embargo, el T1 obtuvo el mayor contenido de PB (18,62%). La EB de la dieta base no presentó diferencias. Las fracciones de fibra no influyen en la composición de FDN y FDA en los análisis realizados.

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Mendes, Ana Rosália, Jane Maria Bertocco Ezequiel, Rosemary Laís Galati, Adriana Luize Bocchi, Mário Adriano Ávila Queiróz e José Valmir Feitosa. "Consumo e digestibilidade total e parcial de dietas utilizando farelo de girassol e três fontes de energia em novilhos confinados". Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 34, n. 2 (aprile 2005): 679–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-35982005000200038.

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Avaliaram-se o consumo alimentar, a digestibilidade parcial e total e o balanço de nitrogênio, em novilhos confinados. Foram utilizados três novilhos de corte cruzados, canulados no rúmen e no duodeno, distribuídos em dois delineamentos em quadrado latino 3 x 3. As dietas experimentais foram constituídas de 60% de silagem de milho, tendo como fonte de proteína o farelo de girassol e, como fonte de energia, o milho (MI). O milho foi substituído parcialmente pela casca de soja (CS) ou pelo farelo de gérmen de milho (FGM). Quatro indicadores internos (lignina e FDA, FDN e lignina indigestíveis) foram submetidos a 144 horas de digestão in vitro, para estimativa da digestibilidade parcial e total das dietas. Houve maior ingestão dos componentes fibrosos na dieta CS, porém não foi observado efeito sobre o consumo de matéria seca. A lignina subestimou significativamente a digestibilidade. A utilização da FDAi, FDNi e lignina-i para estimar a digestibilidade total é viável, no entanto, a FDAi e lignina-i não estimaram adequadamente as digestibilidades parciais. Houve efeito significativo na digestibilidade ruminal da FDA, com valores mais elevados para CS e semelhantes para FGM, em relação à dieta MI. A digestibilidade total da FDA foi maior na dieta CS, porém, as digestibilidades dos demais componentes não foram afetadas pelas diferentes fontes energéticas. Não houve diferença significativa para a digestibilidade da energia e nos valores obtidos de NDT, com média de 61,5%. A casca de soja e o farelo de gérmen de milho, em substituição parcial do milho, mostraram-se fontes alternativas satisfatórias para a inclusão na dieta de bovinos.

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GONKATSANG, TSERING, e MICHAEL WILLIS. "The Ra Mo Che Temple, Lhasa, and the Image of Mi bsKyod rDo rJe: The Narrative of Ri ‘Bur sPrul sKu". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland 19, n. 1 (gennaio 2009): 41–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1356186308009097.

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Although practicing Buddhists and historians of Tibet are well aware of the Ra Mo Che Temple in Lhasa, very little about the building and its history has been published. Situated a short distance north-west of the more-famous Ra Sa gTsug Lag Khang or Jo Khang, the temple received, according to the dBa' bZhed, the Buddha image brought to Tibet in the time of the Tang princess Ong Jo. Early in the reign of Khri Srong lDe bTsan, while the king was still in his minority, anti-Buddhist factions led by Zhang Ma Zham Khrom Pa sKyes circumscribed royal power and murdered the pro-Buddhist minister Zhang sNa Nam Khri Thong rJe Thang la ‘Bar. They also arranged for the image at Ra Mo Che to be removed from the temple. The plan was to return the Buddha to China, along with the head priest and his entourage. The statue's great weight, however, thwarted the scheme. After being dragged a short distance, the Buddha was left half-buried in the earth. The state of affairs in those days is indicated by dBa' bZhed which reports that the Lhasa vihāra was turned into a workshop with sheep carcasses hung from the arms of the principal holy images and entrails wound round their necks! After Buddhism was reinstated, the Ra Mo Che was returned to worship. Subject to campaigns of refurbishment and additions through the centuries, it was the centre of a number of important developments, notably becoming the seat of the upper Tantric college (rGyud sTod) established by rJe bTsun Kun dGa' Don Drub in 1474.

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PÉREZ-LÓPEZ, ELSA JEANNETH, FRANCISCO JAVIER POSADA-FLÓREZ e MARÍA TERESA GONZÁLEZ-GARCÍA. "Patogenicidad de un aislamiento de Fusarium sp, encontrado infectando la broca del café, Hypothenemus hampei". Revista Colombiana de Entomología 22, n. 3 (30 settembre 1996): 105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.25100/socolen.v22i3.9934.

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Durante el reconocimiento de enemigos naturales de la broca del café, Hypothenemus hampei, realizado por la disciplina de Entomología de Cenicafé, se observó la presencia del hongo Fusarium sp. en diferentes localidades de la zona cafetera. Las muestras recolectadas se purificaron en medio de cultivo y se codificaron. Posteriormente se enviaron al IIBC, ep Inglaterra, donde identificaron las especies E oxysporum y E solani. Con el fin de conocer algunos de los aspectos de la biología del hongo y su potencial como controlador de la plaga, se evaluó el porcentaje de germinación, la tasa de crecimiento radial y la producción de esporas del aislamiento Fu 9401, proveniente de la finca El Reflejo (Quindío); así mismo se realizaron pruebas de patogenicidad sobre adultos de H. hampei con el hongo cultivado en Sabouraud-Dextrosa-Agar acidificado, con 30 días de desarrollo y en concentración 5,4 x 108 e/mi, representada en su totalidad por microconidias. Se evaluaron tres tratamientos constituidos por la inmersión de las brocas durante dos minutos en la suspensión del hongo, utilizando dos sustratos: fruto verde o grano pergamino seco, y un testigo sin inóculo. Se obtuvo un porcentaje de mortalidad de (X± D.E) 45 ± 17,8 % cuando se utilizó como sustrato el fruto verde y de 26,3 ± 14,1 % con grano pergamino seco; el tiempo promedio de mortalidad fue de 8,6 ± 2,6 días y 7,9 ± 3,0 días, respectivamente. Los resultados no permitieron establecer el TL50. Se requiere realizar pruebas de patogenicidad en concentraciones superiores utilizando macroconidias y evaluar la patogenicidad de la colección de aislamientos que se han recuperado infectando la broca del café bajo condiciones de campo.

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Montanari, Rafael, Elói Panachuki, Lenon Henrique Lovera, Adriany Rodrigues Correa, Israel Souza Oliveira, Hernandes Andrade Queiroz e Pamela Kerlyane Tomaz. "VARIABILIDADE ESPACIAL DA PRODUTIVIDADE DE SORGO E DE ATRIBUTOS DO SOLO NA REGIÃO DO ECÓTONO CERRADO-PANTANAL, MS". Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 39, n. 2 (aprile 2015): 385–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/01000683rbcs20140215.

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O Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moech é uma importante forrageira de alta produção, que cresce no cenário brasileiro ainda de forma lenta em substituição ao cultivo de milho safrinha. A cultura do sorgo seria alternativa no período da seca na produção de silagem para o período das águas; contudo, o crescimento e desenvolvimento das plantas pode ser influenciado por alterações nos atributos do solo, como textura, porosidade e estrutura do solo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar e caracterizar a dependência e variabilidade espacial entre atributos do solo e a cultura do sorgo forrageiro, em um Planossolo Hidromórfico no ecótono Cerrado-Pantanal. Para tanto, estimaram-se a produtividade de matérias verde e seca de forragem (MVF e MSF) de sorgo forrageiro e os atributos do solo, como macroporosidade (Ma), microporosidade (Mi), porosidade total (Pt), diâmetro médio geométrico, diâmetro médio ponderado, índice de estabilidade de agregados (IEA) e teor de carbono orgânico total do solo (COT), em duas profundidades: 1 (0,00-0,10 m) e 2 (0,10-0,20 m). Em relação à malha geoestatística, foram realizadas 50 coletas de atributos de planta e solo em 40 ha. Isso possibilitou detectar a elevada variabilidade espacial dos atributos de planta (MVF e MSF) e também os atributos do solo que mais variaram espacialmente. Com relação às variáveis que apresentaram dependência espacial, o coeficiente de determinação (r2) decresceu na seguinte ordem: IEA1, silte2, Ma1, Pt1, areia2, silte1, MSF, argila1, MVF e IEA2. Com isso, verificou-se que IEA1 apresentou o melhor ajuste semivariográfico (r2 = 0,926), com alcance de 677,0 m, e o avaliador da dependência espacial (50,6 %) moderado. O silte1, porém, evidenciou o menor alcance (111,0 m) e, assim, recomenda-se que em estudos posteriores o alcance mínimo a ser adotado, para esse tipo de avaliação, não deve ser inferior a esse valor em Planossolo Hidromórfico sob preparo convencional. A correlação linear foi significativa e elevada para MVF e MSF, ao passo que entre atributos de planta versus solo houve correlações positiva e negativa. No âmbito da cokrigagem, a argila1 foi o melhor indicador para estimar a variabilidade espacial da produtividade de massa seca de forragem de sorgo de correlação significativa e negativa (r = -0,292*).

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29

Eifert, Eduardo da Costa, Rogério de Paula Lana, Dante Pazzanese Duarte Lanna, Webel Machado Leopoldino, Marcus Vinícius Morais de Oliveira, Pedro Braga Arcuri, José Maurício de Souza Campos, Maria Ignez Leão e Sebastião de Campos Valadares Filho. "Consumo, produção e composição do leite de vacas alimentadas com óleo de soja e diferentes fontes de carboidratos na dieta". Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 35, n. 1 (febbraio 2006): 211–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-35982006000100027.

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Foram utilizadas 12 vacas lactantes Holandês-Gir com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos do fornecimento de dietas formuladas com diferentes fontes de carboidratos no concentrado, associadas ou não à suplementação com óleo de soja, sobre o consumo de matéria seca, a produção de leite e a composição do leite. Os tratamentos consistiram de concentrados à base de milho ou farelo de trigo (FT) ou polpa cítrica (PC), associados ou não a óleo de soja (0 e 2,25%). Não houve interação significativa entre a presença de óleo e a fonte de carboidratos em qualquer variável avaliada. O consumo de MS (18,4 kg/dia) e a produção de leite (23,5 kg/dia) não diferiram entre MI, FT ou PC, mas a dieta com FT proporcionou maior consumo de FDN e menor digestibilidade aparente total da MO e dos CHOT e reduziu o teor de lactose no leite. A síntese microbiana não foi influenciada pela fonte de carboidrato ou pelo óleo, sendo, em média, de 239,4 g N/dia. Os animais alimentados com as dietas contendo óleo apresentaram menor consumo de matéria seca (19,0 vs 17,8 kg/dia) e menores teores de lactose (4,49 vs 4,33%) e gordura (3,34 vs 3,13%) no leite, mas não diferiram quanto à produção de leite, ao teor de proteína, à digestibilidade dos nutrientes e à síntese microbiana. A presença de óleo promoveu maior eficiência alimentar (1,35 vs 1,23) e aumentou a relação proteína:gordura do leite (0,94 vs 1,00). Do ponto de vista econômico, PC e FT podem substituir totalmente o milho no concentrado em dietas para vacas com produção de até 24 kg/dia. O óleo na dieta diminui o consumo e mantém o nível de produção, aumentando a eficiência alimentar e alterando a composição do leite.

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Nogueira, Marina De Lima, Nadia Alves Campos, Simoni Cristina dos Santos, Luiz Alberto Beijo e Sandro Barbosa. "The species used in urban afforestation can present phytotoxicity - a case of study of Schinus molle L." Ciência Florestal 31, n. 1 (15 marzo 2021): 66–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1980509820597.

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O objetivo deste estudo foi estudar a fitotoxicidade e citotoxicidade de extratos etanólico e aquoso das diferentes estruturas de Schinus molle L., uma espécie ornamental, comumente usada em arborização urbana no Brasil, utilizando sementes de alface (Lactuca sativa L.) como planta modelo. Os extratos vegetais foram preparados a partir de amostras de folhas, inflorescências, frutos verdes e maduros coletados em Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Os parâmetros avaliados foram germinação (G), índice de velocidade de germinação (GVI), comprimento radicular (RE), biomassa fresca (FB), biomassa seca (DB), porcentagem de plântulas (PS), índice mitótico (MI) e anomalias cromossômicas (CA). De acordo com os resultados, para o extrato aquoso, encontramos interações entre as estruturas e as concentrações utilizadas em relação a G, GVI, RE, DB, e CA. Não houve diferença significativa entre as estruturas vegetais em relação à porcentagem de plântulas normais, exceto para as concentrações. No entanto, para todos os parâmetros foi encontrada diferença significativa em relação ao extrato etanólico, exceto para anormalidades cromossômicas. O aumento da concentração leva à redução de todos os parâmetros avaliados, mostrando o efeito concentração-dependente. Os extratos etanólico e aquoso de Schinus molle mostraram efeito fitotóxico, indicando a necessidade de reavaliação e cuidado no uso dessa espécie para o reflorestamento.

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Silva, Marcos Augusto Alves da, Antonio Claudio Furlan, Ivan Moreira, Diovani Paiano, Carina Scherer e Elias Nunes Martins. "Avaliação nutricional da silagem de raiz de mandioca contendo soja integral para leitões na fase inicial". Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 37, n. 8 (agosto 2008): 1441–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-35982008000800015.

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Dois experimentos foram conduzidos para determinar o valor nutritivo e verificar o desempenho de leitões alimentados com rações formuladas com silagem de raiz de mandioca contendo ou não soja integral. No primeiro experimento, foram utilizados 15 machos castrados, mestiços, com peso corporal de 21,90 ± 2,54 kg, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em parcelas (animais) subdivididas no tempo (subparcelas), totalizando cinco tratamentos e seis repetições. Foram avaliadas quatro silagens de raiz de mandioca: sem aditivos (MA); com inoculante (MI); com soja integral (MS); e com soja integral + inoculante (MSI). Os teores digestíveis de matéria seca, proteína e extrato etéreo das silagens MS e MSI, e os de amido, matéria orgânica e energia e a energia metabolizável, em 87,45% de matéria seca, da silagem sem aditivos foram, respectivamente, de 80,95; 1,82; 75,01; 77,31%; 3.249 e 3.184 kcal/kg; os da silagem com inoculante foram 82,30; 1,95; 74,65; 81,81%; 3.292 e 3.271 kcal/kg; da silagem com soja integral 80,08; 6,69; 2,35; 64,18; 79,25%; 3.452 e 3.370 kcal/kg; e da silagem com soja integral + inoculante foram 79,22; 6,73; 2,20; 66,79; 78,46%; 3.342 e 3.303 kcal/kg. O uso de inoculante não melhorou a digestibilidade dos nutrientes. No segundo experimento, foram utilizados 36 leitões com peso inicial de 14,67 ± 1,07 kg, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 3 × 2 (três alimentos e duas classes de peso), com seis repetições e dois animais por unidade experimental. Os tratamentos consistiram de uma ração-referência, à base de milho e farelo de soja, e de outras duas com substituição total do milho por silagem de raiz de mandioca contendo ou não soja integral. O fornecimento de silagem de mandioca + soja prejudicou o ganho de peso diário, enquanto a silagem de mandioca + soja e a ração à base de milho e farelo de soja pioraram a conversão alimentar dos animais. Silagens de raiz de mandioca, contendo ou não soja integral, apresentam bom valor nutritivo e podem ser utilizadas sem restrições na alimentação de leitões na fase inicial.

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32

Hernández Montiel, Wilber, Jesús Ramos Juárez, Emilio Manuel Aranda Ibáñez, Omar Hernández Mendo, Víctor Manuel Munguía Flores e Jorge Oliva Hernández. "Uso potencial y limitantes de la leguminosa Canavalia ensiformis en la salud y productividad de los ovinos". Ecosistemas y Recursos Agropecuarios 4, n. 10 (21 dicembre 2016): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.19136/era.a4n10.672.

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El proceso de crecimiento y nalización de corderos machos en estabulación con dietas integrales es una práctica de producción que se usa en la región tropical. Sin embargo, el alto costo de los ingredientes utilizados para elaborar alimentos de tipo comercial limita la rentabilidad de este sistema de producción. Por lo que es importante considerar el uso de ingredientes con disponibilidad regional para elaborar alimentos para ovinos. Entre los diversos in- gredientes se encuentran las semillas de Canavalia ensiformis, cuyo contenido en proteína cruda y energía metabolizable las hace atractiva como ingrediente proteínico; pero este tipo de semillas poseen diversos factores antinutricionales que limitan su incorporación de forma extensiva en los programas de alimentación de ovinos. La presente revisión muestra resultados que se han obtenido en la e ciencia de crecimiento de ovinos alojados en clima cálido húmedo alimentados con dietas que incluyen harina de semillas de canavalia. Se destacan los cambios que ocurren en la población de mi- crobios del rumen y en la degradación de la materia seca y proteína cruda de semilla de canavalia. Adicionalmente, se incluye la necesidad de generar conocimiento sobre la aplicación de procesos físico-químicos y biológicos que permitan utilizar las semillas de canavalia en la alimentación de los ovinos de manera sustentable y sin riesgos para su salud.

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Ferreira, Mariana Kawall Leal. "Stars in the sky: Pleiades invite plenitude — an ethnomathematics memoir in Central Brazil". Revemop 2 (4 marzo 2020): e202004. http://dx.doi.org/10.33532/revemop.e202004.

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This is a day, a month, a year, and a few decades — dry and rainy seasons included — in real-life mathematics of the Kisêdjê Indigenous People of the Wawi Territory, Central Brazil. According to the Kisêdjê, aka Suyá, the sun and the stars rule the sky, while people, animals, and plants create reality on earth. We are in the state of Mato Grosso, at 11 degrees, 45 minutes South latitude; and 53 degrees, 1 minute West longitude. Starting in 1981, this ethnomathematics memoir traces factual moments of my life as a mathematics educator in indigenous schools. Hands-on, real-life activities are included in the “Teacher’s Notebook.” This includes fishing expeditions, and excursions to local dispensaries and far away hospitals. My objective is to show that mathematics education, including map-making, provides important resources in the fight for sovereignty and autonomy of Indigenous Peoples in Brazil, the Americas, and worldwide.Keywords: Ethnomathematics. Indigenous Peoples. Kisêdjê. Suyá. Brazil.Estrellas en el cielo: las Pléyades invitan a la plenitud — una memoria etnomatemáticas en el Centro de Brasil Este es un día, un mes, un año y unas pocas décadas — incluidas las estaciones seca y lluviosa — en las matemáticas de la vida real de los pueblos indígenas Kisêdjê del territorio de Wawi, en el centro de Brasil. Según el Kisêdjê, también conocido como Suyá, el sol y las estrellas gobiernan el cielo, mientras que las personas, los animales y las plantas crean la realidad en la tierra. Estamos en el estado de Mato Grosso, a 11 grados, 45 minutos de latitud sur; y 53 grados, 1 minuto de longitud oeste. A partir de 1981, esta memoria etnomatemática rastrea momentos reales de mi vida como una educadora de matemáticas en escuelas indígenas. Las actividades prácticas de la vida real se incluyen en el "Cuaderno del maestro". Esto incluye expediciones de pesca y excursiones a dispensarios locales y hospitales lejanos. Mi objetivo, en el presente artículo, es mostrar que la Educación Matemática, incluida la elaboración de mapas, proporciona recursos importantes en la lucha por la soberanía y la autonomía de los pueblos indígenas en Brasil, las Américas y en todo el mundo.Palabras clave: Etnomatemáticas. Pueblos Indígenas. Kisêdjê. Suyá. Brasil.Estrelas no céu: Plêiades convidam a plenitude — uma memória etnomatemática no Brasil Central Este é um dia, um mês, um ano, e algumas décadas — incluindo estaçōes seca e chuvosa — na Matemática da vida real do Povo Indígena Kisêdjê do Território Wawi, Brasil Central. Segundo os Kisêdjê, também conhecidos como Suyá, o sol e as estrelas regem o céu, enquanto pessoas, animais e plantas criam realidade na terra. Estamos no estado do Mato Grosso, a 11 graus e 45 minutos de latitude sul; e 53 graus, 1 minuto de longitude oeste. A partir de 1981, esta memória etnomatemática traça momentos factuais da minha vida como uma educadora de matemática em escolas indígenas. As atividades práticas da vida real estão incluídas no “Caderno do Professor”. Isso inclui expediçōes de pesca, e excursōes a farmácias locais e hospitais distantes. Meu objetivo, no presente artigo, é mostrar que a Educação Matemática, incluindo a elaboração de mapas, fornece recursos importantes na luta pela soberania e autonomia dos povos indígenas no Brasil, nas Américas e no mundo.Palavras-chave: Etnomatemática. Povos Indígenas. Kisêdjê. Suyá. Brasil.

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Suh, Sunduck Daniel, e Keun-Yul Yang. "Customers' Reactions to the Introduction of High-Speed Rail Service". Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1916, n. 1 (gennaio 2005): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105191600103.

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Korean Train Express (KTX) of South Korea introduced high-speed commercial rail service on April 1, 2004. It currently has two lines covering 661.1 km (413.2 mi), and its trains achieve speeds of 300 km/h (186 mph). KTX's offering represents the first phase of a scheduled two-phase introduction due to be completed in 2010. This paper documents the service changes of external transportation operators during the first 3 months of KTX operation and details the initial reactions of KTX customers. KTX reduced rail travel time between major cities by almost half. By offering 128 daily services, it increased seat supply by 33% among the major cities and increased revenue by nearly 100% for the Seoul–Busan line, as compared with the same April–June period the previous year. KTX achieved one million passengers in 14 days and 10 million passengers in 142 days of operation. Although these numbers are significant, they represent only about half the demand forecasted. Three major causes of this discrepancy are an inability to provide fully implemented KTX services, low Korean economic activity, and a degraded level of service on conventional passenger rail systems. The expected service level of passengers and the initial marketing strategies used appear to have negatively affected the successful introduction of KTX. However, demand trends show continued increases after the initial response. As a whole, KTX strengthened the viability of Korean rail travel and is expected to contribute to the building of a more balanced national transportation system.

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Benítez-Campo, Neyla, Enrique Bravo-Montaño, Alejandro Soto-Duque e Fernando E. Larmat. "Evaluation Of The Mutagenic Activity Of Waters Collected From The Cauca River In The City Of Cali, Colombia By Using The Salmonella/Microsome Assay". Revista de Ciencias 16 (12 aprile 2013): 131–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.25100/rc.v16i0.509.

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La actividad mutagénica de las aguas del río Cauca en el área urbana de la ciudad de Cali, Colombia, se evaluó mediante la aplicación de la prueba de Ames con las cepas TA98 y TA100 de Salmonella typhimurium con y sin el activador enzimático S9. Los compuestos orgánicos y metales pesados fueron extraídos de las muestras de agua utilizando las resinas XAD4 y XAD16 respectivamente. Los extractos se diluyeron con DMSO y se almacenaron a -20 ° C hasta los ensayos. Los resultados mostraron actividad mutagénica en cuatro de los cinco sitios evaluados con ambas cepas y aumento de mutagenicidad con el activador enzimático S9. El mayor índice de mutagenicidad (MI = 8,0) se obtuvo en la estación seca con la cepa TA98 en el puente de Juanchito. En la temporada de lluvias, un alto índice mutagénico (IM = 7,1) también se obtuvo con la cepa TA98 y el activador S9 en la desembocadura del canal colector sur. Estos resultados indican una posible susceptibilidad de los mamíferos a la acción mutagénica de los compuestos presentes en las aguas del río Cauca. Los análisis químicos de los extractos se realizaron mediante GC/MS y espectrofotometría de absorción atómica. Los resultados indicaron la presencia de un gran número de compuestos orgánicos después de la desembocadura del canal colector sur. Los plaguicidas diazinón, lindano, malatión, clordano, clorpirifos y a-endosulfan se encontraron en el rango de 0,271-0,003 ppb. Los metales pesados Pb, Hg y Cr fueron encontrados con concentraciones de hasta 48, 38 y 30 ppb respectivamente. Este estudio es el primero de su clase en las aguas del río Cauca.

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36

Watson, Lindsay. "Catullus and the Brothel-Creepers: Carmen 37". Antichthon 43 (2009): 123–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0066477400001994.

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Salax taberna vosque contubernales,a pilleatis nona fratribus pila,solis putatis esse mentulas vobis,solis licere, quidquid est puellarum,confutuere et putare ceteros hircos? 5an, continenter quod sedetis insulsicentum an ducenti, non putatis ausurumme una ducentos irrumare sessores?atqui putate: namque totius vobisfrontem tabernae sopionibus scribam. 10puella nam mi, quae meo sinu fugit,amata tantum quantum amabitur nulla,pro qua mihi sunt magna bella pugnata,consedit istic. hanc boni beatiqueomnes amatis, et quidem, quod indignum est, 15omnes pusilli et semitarii moechi;tu praeter omnes une de capillatis,cuniculosae Celtiberiae fili,Egnati, opaca quem bonum facit barbaet dens Hibera defricatus urina. 20Randy tavern and you tavern-men, nine pillars from the cap-clad brothers, do you think that you alone have pricks, that you alone are permitted comprehensively to fuck whatever girls there are and to consider the rest of us goats? Do you really think that, because you sit there, silly fools, one hundred or maybe two hundred in a row, I won't dare to mouth-fuck you as you sit there, all of you at once? Well, you had better believe it. For I will inscribe the front of the whole tavern for you with obscene graffiti. For my girl, who has fled from my embrace, beloved by me as no other woman will be loved, for whom great wars have been fought by me, has taken her seat there with you. Her all you great and rich men love, and – what is shameful – all of you cheap back-street lechers: you above all, you outstanding member of the long-haired crew, son of bunny-infested Celtiberia, Egnatius, to whom a thick beard and his teeth brushed in Spanish urine give respectability.

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Sandoval, Luis. "Variación mensual y anual de la riqueza y abundancia de aves en un mosaico agrícola periurbano tropical". Revista de Biología Tropical 67, n. 2SUPL (14 maggio 2019): S298—S314. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v67i2supl.37253.

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Los mosaicos agrícolas han sido estudiados para comprender como contribuyen a mantener la riqueza de las especies según el tipo de matriz. Sin embargo, el estudio de la fenología de las especies dentro de estos ambientes ha sido dejado de lado. Por lo tanto mi objetivo con esta investigación fue analizar los cambios en la riqueza y abundancia de las especies de aves entre meses dentro de un mosaico periurbano agrícola tropical. Adicionalmente analicé si los cambios en la riqueza de las especies varían según su grado de dependencia por el bosque y el gremio alimenticio al que pertenecen. Realice muestreos mensuales del 2002 al 2010 dentro de una matriz de 30 ha dominada por potreros y cafetales, mezcladas con regeneración natural y zonas urbano-rurales. A lo largo de los muestreos anoté todos los individuos visto y escuchados de cada especie a lo largo de un trasecto de 3 km. Encontré que la riqueza de especies varió a lo largo de los meses, siendo mayor de enero a marzo (periodo seco del área de estudio) para todas las categorías de residencia (ej.: residentes, migratorias norteñas, sureñas, y altitudinales). Por tipo de gremio alimenticio la riqueza de especies aumento de enero a febrero para los frugívoros pequeños y en setiembre para los insectívoros; mientras que los otros gremios presentaron una riqueza similar de especies a lo largo del año. Por grado de dependencia de bosque solo las aves con dependencia moderada presentaron un aumento en su riqueza de enero a junio. El estudio reveló la ocurrencia de diferentes patrones de riqueza de aves a lo largo del año según el grado de dependencia del bosque, gremio alimenticio, y residencia en el país. Estas matrices poseen una riqueza alta de especies, pero en constante variación a lo largo del año, por lo que estos cambios en los patrones de riqueza deberían tomarse en cuenta para futuras políticas de conservación de dichos agroecosistemas.

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Delgado Coello, Adrián, Ítalo F. Espinoza, Alexandra E. Barrera, Marlene L. Medina Villacis, Antón R. García e Cecilio J. Barba. "Composición Química del Ensilaje de Maíz Forrajero con Residuo de Mucílago de Cacao en Diferentes Proporciones". Ciencia Latina Revista Científica Multidisciplinar 8, n. 2 (16 maggio 2024): 6052–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.37811/cl_rcm.v8i2.11022.

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El objetivo fue determinar la composición química del ensilaje de maíz forrajero con la adición de diferentes proporciones de mucílago de cacao. Se empleó un diseño experimental completamente al azar con cinco tratamientos y cinco repeticiones: T1 (100% Maíz Forrajero), T2 (90% Maíz Forrajero + 10% Mucílago de Cacao), T3 (80% Maíz Forrajero + 20% Mucílago de Cacao), T4 (70% Maíz Forrajero + 30% Mucílago de Cacao) y T5 (60% Maíz Forrajero + 40% Mucílago de Cacao). Las variables evaluadas fueron sometidas a un análisis de varianza y la prueba de Tukey al nivel de probabilidad del 5%. El ensilaje se sometió a un tiempo de fermentación de 30 días. La significancia de los datos recopilados se evaluó mediante análisis de varianza y la prueba de rango múltiple de Tukey (p<0.05). Los resultados revelaron diferencias significativas entre los tratamientos; el contenido de materia seca (MS) aumentó (p<0.05) en T5 (25.76%) en comparación con T1, T2 y T3 (15.73%, 16.85% y 14.56%, respectivamente), lo que indica que la inclusión de mucílago de cacao se asoció con un mayor contenido de MS. T5 (10.02%) mostró un aumento significativo (p<0.05) en proteína bruta (PB) en comparación con T1 (8.90%), mientras que T2, T3 y T4 presentaron valores similares. En cuanto a la fibra detergente neutra (FDN), T1 (68.96%) superó (p<0.05) a T3, T4 y T5 (53.54%, 56.09% y 54.25%, respectivamente). Otros componentes como la materia orgánica (MO), la materia inorgánica (MI), la fibra cruda (FC), la fibra detergente ácida (FDA), el extracto etéreo (EE) y la energía no mostraron diferencias significativas entre los tratamientos (p>0.05). La inclusión de mucílago de cacao en el ensilaje de maíz forrajero influyó positivamente en el contenido de MS, PB y FDN. Sin embargo, no hubo variaciones significativas en componentes como FC, FDA, EE y energía entre los tratamientos evaluados. Estos hallazgos proporcionan información valiosa para mejorar la formulación del ensilaje, destacando la importancia del mucílago de cacao en la calidad nutricional del forraje.

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Cruz Parcero, Juan Antonio. "DE POEMAS, BANDERAS, DELITOS Y MALAS DECISIONES. LA SENTENCIA DE LA SUPREMA CORTE SOBRE EL CASO WITZ". Revista de la Facultad de Derecho de México 56, n. 245 (6 settembre 2017): 423. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/fder.24488933e.2006.245.61702.

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El poeta campechano Sergio Witz tuvo el infortunio de escribir un poema que probablemente lo lleve a prisión o al pago de una multa. Algunos consideraron al poema un atrevimiento intolerable, otros un “seudo poema” (esta fue la opinión de uno de los Ministros de la Suprema Corte el día que se debatió el proyecto que le concedía amparo y que fue finalmente rechazado, entre otras cosas con este tipo de opiniones). El poema se presta al debate y a tomar posturas encontradas dependiendo donde se sitúe el lector. El poema usa expresiones fuertes, que invitan a calificarlo de indecente, obsceno, atrevido, o quizá de valiente, osado, y agréguenle ustedes las que gusten a favor o en contra. Para que el lector juzgue por sí mismo reproduzco el poema: "Yo/ me seco el orín en la bandera/ de mi país,/ ese trapo/ sobre el que se acuestan/ los perros/ y que nada representa,/ salvo tres colores/ y un águila/ que me producen/ un vómito nacionalista/ o tal vez un verso/lopezvelardiano/ de cuya influencia estoy lejos,/ yo, natural de esta tierra/ me limpio el culo/ con la bandera/ y los invito a hacer lo mismo:/ verán a la patria/ entre la mierda/ de un poeta". ¡Tan impropias son las palabras “culo” y “mierda” que el diccionario de Microsoft Word de mi computadora, tan políticamente correcto, las marca como un error y las subraya con rojo!Si de una discusión literaria se hubiera tratado quizá entonces el jurado hubiera podido con toda libertad expresar sus opiniones estéticas o políticas para denostar el poema y tacharlo de “seudo poema” y de antinacionalista. Pero desafortunadamente lo que aquí nos ocupa no se trató de un concurso de poesía sino de un juicio constitucional. Los ministros no ocupan tan digno cargo para hacernos saber sus opiniones estéticas, sus creencias o sus convicciones patrióticas y menos para decidir con base en ellas. Pero esto desgraciadamente no les queda claro al menos a los tres ministros que tomaron la decisión de declarar que en México escribir contra la bandera está prohibido, que ultrajarla de palabra es uno de los límites constitucionales que tenemos y que además, en su opinión, correctamente –desde el punto de vista constitucional- constituye un delito. El caso del poema llegó a la Suprema Corte de Justicia en enero del 2004 porque Sergio Witz promovió primero un amparo contra el auto de sujeción a proceso que le dictó un Juez de Distrito por el delito de ultrajes a los símbolos patrios, y posteriormente un recurso de revisión por el fallo que confirmó dicho auto. El 5 de octubre del 2005 la Primera Sala de la Corte emitió el fallo en sesión pública, donde se rechazó el proyecto de concederle el amparo que presentó uno de los ministros; la decisión fue dividida con una votación de tres contra dos. La sentencia se hizo pública hasta diciembre. Lo que la Suprema Corte tenía que decidir era si el delito de ultrajes de palabra a las insignias nacionales (Art. 91 del Código Penal Federal) era o no inconstitucional por oponerse a dos de los derechos constitucionales más importantes en una democracia, la libertad de manifestar ideas (libertad de expresión) y de publicarlas (libertad de prensa), respectivamente consagradas en el artículo 6º y 7º de la Constitución.

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López Amezcua, Luz Paola. "“A favor del culto divino de mi patria”: una mirada a Francisco Eduardo Tresguerras como funcionario público (1759-1833) / “In favor of divine worship and my fatherland”: a look at Francisco Eduardo Tresguerras as a public official (1759-1833)". Oficio. Revista de Historia e Interdisciplina, n. 4 (26 ottobre 2017): 53–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.15174/orhi.v0i4.29.

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Resumen. Francisco Eduardo Tresguerras (Celaya, Guanajuato, 1759-1833) es un personaje reconocido por su labor en el ámbito artístico durante los siglos XVIII y XIX, destacándose como arquitecto neoclásico en su natal Celaya y lugares circunvecinos. Sabemos además que a la par de sus actividades en el arte ocupó cargos públicos en el Ayuntamiento de Celaya, una faceta por cierto muy poco abordada, ya que entre 1807 y 1830, fue maestro mayor de Obras Públicas, síndico procurador del Ayuntamiento (1811-¿1820?), secretario del Ayuntamiento (1823), procurador segundo (1824), alcalde de primer voto y juez de Hacienda Pública (1827 pero rechazó el cargo), alcalde constitucional (1828), diputado suplente del Congreso de Guanajuato por el partido electoral de Allende (1828) y formó parte de la Junta de Sanidad (1828).Este transitar entre el siglo xviii y xix es una de las particularidades del celayense que nos permiten conocer los sutiles cambios que hicieron la diferencia entre la administración colonial y los gobiernos conformados una vez consumada la Independencia. Dicho lo anterior, se trata de abordar a lo largo de este artículo dos cuestiones: por un lado, la identificación y descripción de los cargos en los cuales Tresguerras se desempeñó como funcionario público y, por otro, revisar la influencia social que tuvo en las decisiones de su localidad, analizando las circunstancias en las cuales combinó el arte con la función pública. Abstract. Francisco Eduardo Tresguerras (Celaya, Guanajuato, 1759-1833) is identified as a neoclassical artist duringeighteenth and nineteenth centuries, standing as neoclassical architect in his native Celaya and surrounding places. We also know that alongside his artistic activities, he held a seat in public offices, an aspect very little studied: between 1807 and 1830 he was Master of Public Works, Elected City Attorney (1811-¿1820?), City Clerk (1823), Second Official Attorney (1824),Mayor of first vote and Judge of Public Finance (1827 but rejected the charge), Constitutional Mayor (1828), Acting Deputy of the Congress of Guanajuato for the Allende political party (1828), and also served on the Board of Health (1828).This move between the eighteenth and nineteenth century is one of the peculiarities of him that lets us know the subtle changes that made the difference between the colonial administration and the governments formed after Independence accomplished. That said, it is addressing throughout this paper two issues: on the one hand, the identification and description of the charges in the Tresguerras which served as a public official, and secondly, to review the social influence it had on the decisions of its location, analyzing the circumstances in which he combined art with function public.

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Beecken, J., J. Mellqvist, K. Salo, J. Ekholm, J. P. Jalkanen, L. Johansson, V. Litvinenko, K. Volodin e D. A. Frank-Kamenetsky. "Emission factors of SO2, NOx and particles from ships in Neva Bay from ground-based and helicopter-borne measurements and AIS-based modeling". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 14, n. 19 (16 ottobre 2014): 25931–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-14-25931-2014.

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Abstract. Emission factors of SO2, NOx and size distributed particle numbers were measured for approximately 300 different ships in the Gulf of Finland and Neva Bay area during two campaigns in August/September 2011 and June/July 2012. The measurements were carried out from a harbor vessel and from an MI-8 helicopter downwind of passing ships. Other measurements were carried out from shore sites near the island of Kronstadt and along the river Neva in the city area of Saint Petersburg. Most ships were running at reduced speed (10 knots), i.e. not at their optimal load. Vessels for domestic and international shipping were monitored. It was seen that the distribution of the SO2 emission factors is bi-modal with averages of 4.6 gSO2 kgfuel−1 and 18.2 gSO2 kgfuel−1 for the lower and the higher mode, respectively. The emission factors show compliance with the 1% fuel sulfur content SECA limit for 90% of the vessels in 2011 and 97% in 2012. The distribution of the NOx emission factor is mono-modal with an average of 58 gNOx kgfuel−1. The corresponding emission related to the generated power yields an average of 12.1 gNOx kWh−1. The distribution of the emission factors for particulate number shows that nearly 90% of all particles in the 5.6 nm to 10 μm size range were below 70 nm in diameter. The distribution of the corresponding emission factors for the mass indicates two separated main modes, one for particles between 30 and 300 nm the other above 2 μm. The average particle emission factors were found to be in the range from 0.7 to 2.7 × 1016 particles kgfuel−1 and 0.2 to 3.4 gPM kgfuel−1, respectively. The NOx and particulate emissions are comparable with other studies. The measured emission factors were compared, for individual ships, to modeled ones using the Ship Traffic Emission Assessment Model (STEAM) of the Finnish Meteorological Institute. A reasonably good agreement for gaseous sulfur and nitrogen emissions can be seen for ships in international traffic, but significant deviations are found for inland vessels. Considering particulate mass, the modeled data is about two to three times above the measured results, which probably reflects the assumptions made in the modeled fuel sulfur content. The sulfur contents in the fuel retrieved from the measurements were lower than the previously used assumptions by the city of Saint Petersburg when carrying out atmospheric modeling and using these measurements it was possible to better assess the impact of shipping on air quality.

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Beecken, J., J. Mellqvist, K. Salo, J. Ekholm, J. P. Jalkanen, L. Johansson, V. Litvinenko, K. Volodin e D. A. Frank-Kamenetsky. "Emission factors of SO2, NOx and particles from ships in Neva Bay from ground-based and helicopter-borne measurements and AIS-based modeling". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 15, n. 9 (11 maggio 2015): 5229–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-5229-2015.

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Abstract. Emission factors of SO2, NOx and size-distributed particle numbers were measured for approximately 300 different ships in the Gulf of Finland and Neva Bay area during two campaigns in August/September 2011 and June/July 2012. The measurements were carried out from a harbor vessel and from an Mi-8 helicopter downwind of passing ships. Other measurements were carried out from shore sites near the island of Kronstadt and along the Neva River in the urban area of Saint Petersburg. Most ships were running at reduced speed (10 kn), i.e., not at their optimal load. Vessels for domestic and international shipping were monitored. It was seen that the distribution of the SO2 emission factors is bi-modal, with averages of 4.6 and 18.2 gSO2 kgfuel-1 for the lower and the higher mode, respectively. The emission factors show compliance with the 1% fuel sulfur content Sulfur Emission Control Areas (SECA) limit for 90% of the vessels in 2011 and 97% in 2012. The distribution of the NOx emission factor is mono-modal, with an average of 58 gNOx kgfuel-1. The corresponding emission related to the generated power yields an average of 12.1 gNOx kWh−1. The distribution of the emission factors for particulate number shows that nearly 90% of all particles in the 5.6 nm to 10 μm size range were below 70 nm in diameter. The distribution of the corresponding emission factors for the mass indicates two separated main modes, one for particles between 30 and 300 nm and the other for above 2 μm. The average particle emission factors were found to be in the range from 0.7 to 2.7 × 1016 particles kgfuel-1 and 0.2 to 3.4 gPM kgfuel-1, respectively. The NOx and particulate emissions are comparable with other studies. The measured emission factors were compared, for individual ships, to modeled ones using the Ship Traffic Emission Assessment Model (STEAM) of the Finnish Meteorological Institute. A reasonably good agreement for gaseous sulfur and nitrogen emissions can be seen for ships in international traffic, but significant deviations are found for inland vessels. Regarding particulate mass, the values of the modeled data are about 2–3 times higher than the measured results, which probably reflects the assumptions made in the modeled fuel sulfur content. The sulfur contents in the fuel retrieved from the measurements were lower than the previously used assumptions by the City of Saint Petersburg when carrying out atmospheric modeling, and using these measurements it was possible to better assess the impact of shipping on air quality.

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Seca, Hugo, Raquel T. Lima, Gabriela M. Almeida, Manuel Sobrinho-Simões, Rui Bergantim, Jose E. Guimaraes e M. Helena Vasconcelos. "Mir-128 and DNA Damage In Acute Myeloid Leukemia". Blood 122, n. 21 (15 novembre 2013): 2533. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.2533.2533.

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Abstract Background microRNAs (miRs) are small non-coding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression by binding target mRNAs and hampering their translation by translation inhibition or mRNA degradation. miRs have been shown to play an important role in cancer development by controlling several pivotal cellular processes [Lee and Dutta (2009), Annu Rev Pathol 4:199-227]. In particular,miR-128 has also been associated with cancer, namely leukemia and has been shown, , with other miRs, to allow the discrimination between AML and ALL [Mi et al. (2007), PNAS 104(50):19971-6]. Moreover, it is included in a miR signature that associates a subgroup of patients with high-risk molecular features of AML with worse clinical outcome [Marcucci et al. (2008), NEJM 358(18):1919-28]. Nevertheless, all the data associating miR-128 with leukemia derives from expression array analysis and no functional studies have been performed. Therefore, the aim of this study was to understand the role of miR-128 in AML cells and in their response to some chemotherapeutic agents. Methods HL-60 cells were transfected with miR-128 mimic (or control miR mimic) and further treated with etoposide, doxorubicin or their vehicle as control. miR expression was evaluated by RT-qPCR. The effect of miR-128 overexpression in sensitization of HL-60 cells to the effects of doxorubicin or etoposide was analysed by Trypan blue exclusion assay. Cellular proliferation (BrdU assay), cell cycle (flow cytometry following PI labeling), programmed cell death (TUNEL assay) and apoptosis (Annexin V/ PI staining) were analysed. The expression levels of proteins involved in apoptosis (caspase-3, PARP), autophagy (Beclin-1, Vps34 and LC3) and DNA damage (γ-H2AX, 53BP1) were studied (Western Blot). DNA damage was analysed with the Comet assay and by foci formation of γ-H2AX and 53BP1 proteins, visualized by immunofluorescence microscopy. miR-128 expression was analysed in samples from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of 13 healthy donors and from bone marrow of 11 AML patients by RT-qPCR. Results miR-128 expression was increased upon miR mimic transfection. miR-128 overexpression decreased HL-60 viable cell number to 84.3% and 81.0%, at 24 h and 48 h after transfection respectively, and sensitized HL-60 cells to both doxorubicin and etoposide. Nevertheless, miR-128 overexpression did not affect cell cycle profile, cellular proliferation, apoptosis, or the expression of apoptosis-related or autophagy-related proteins. Interestingly, miR-128 overexpression increased DNA damage analysed by Comet assay (from 3.6% in miR-control transfected cells to 8.1% in miR-128 transfected cells). This increase in DNA damage of miR-128 overexpressing cells was confirmed by verifying an increase in DNA repair foci of γ–H2AX and 53BP1 together with an increase in expression of both those proteins γ–H2AX and 53BP1. Analysis of miR-128 expression in samples from PBMCs of healthy donors and from bone marrow of AML patients showed no statistically significant differences, although the expression levels of miR-128 in the AML samples were higher than in healthy donors. Conclusion miR-128 overexpression per sedecreased HL-60 viable cell number and sensitized cells to doxorubicin and etoposide. miR-128 increased DNA damage, which might justify the increased sensitivity that these cells presented to doxorubicin and etoposide. Concerning patient samples, a slight increase in the expression of miR-128 was found in AML bone marrow samples, when compared to PBMCs from healthy donors, suggesting that these patients maybe more susceptible to DNA damaging agents. Acknowledgments Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian for financial support. FCT for the grants to H. Seca (SFRH/BD/47428/2008) and R. T. Lima (SFRH/BPD/68787/2010). G. M. Almeida was supported by FCT and the European Social Fund. IPATIMUP is an Associate Laboratory of the Portuguese Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education and is partially supported by FCT. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Shea, William R. "Conversations with Galileo: A Fictional Dialogue Based on Biographical Facts". Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith 72, n. 4 (dicembre 2020): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.56315/pscf12-20shea.

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CONVERSATIONS WITH GALILEO: A Fictional Dialogue Based on Biographical Facts by William R. Shea. London, UK: Watkins Media, 2019. xi + 115 pages, including notes and further reading. Hardcover; $14.95. ISBN: 9781786782496. *Have you ever wanted to engage in an extended conversation with a famous person whose work and historical milieu you have studied carefully for many years? William R. Shea, one of the world's leading Galileo scholars, invites you to sit down, relax with a cup of coffee or a glass of wine, to engage in a conversation with Galileo. Conversations with Galileo: A Fictional Dialogue incorporates many of Galileo's own words taken from his works or letters. This slim book will allow you to experience how such a dialogue may have transpired. *Shea, a Canadian historian, was Galileo Professor of the History of Science at the University of Padua, Italy from 2003-2012, the very university where Galileo once taught. He has authored many books about Galileo and the Scientific Revolution. The latest, co-authored with Mariano Artigas, are Galileo in Rome: The Rise and Fall of a Troublesome Genius (2003) and Galileo Observed: Science and the Politics of Belief (2006). Conversations with Galileo is part of a series of books published by Watkins Media Ltd., offering conversations with luminaries such as JFK, Oscar Wilde, Casanova, Buddha, Charles Dickens and Isaac Newton. *First, a word about the format of Conversations with Galileo: A three-page introduction by Dava Sobel, author of Longitude (1995) and Galileo's Daughter (1999), is followed by a short (21-page) biography by Shea entitled "Galileo (1564-1642): His Life in Short." Then we are offered 13 chapters dealing with a vast range of topics. Each chapter then begins with Shea posing a leading personal question. These questions cover what, I suspect, most people would want to ask Galileo: questions about censorship, the earth as a planet, scientific failures, what do you take the Bible to say, relations with the Roman Catholic Church Congregation of the Holy Office, also known as the Roman Inquisition, and the Congregation of the Index, other church officials, and, perhaps a final question: what is your claim to fame? The Galileo I remember: the rebel, the seat-of-the-pants philosopher, the "heretic," the defender of the Copernican world-picture, and the creator of a "science of motion" (appearing in the last chapter, "His Claim to Fame") are all present. *So, what more would you want to ask? To me it was surprising to see what else Shea does in fact ask. There are conversations/chapters dealing with "Family Burdens," "Wine, Women and Song," "The Burdens of Teaching," "Moonlighting," "Mind your Horoscope," "The Plague," and "On Art and Literature." This is a Galileo with a human face, with human foibles, jealousies, amorous interests, financial pressures and responsibilities, work-load issues, social conventions, concerns about the plague and social distancing, and literary interests. These are subjects which are usually hidden or absent in many accounts of Galileo's exploits. For instance, we learn of Galileo the lutenist and of his musical family: his father Vincenzo, his brother Michelangelo (a court musician to the grand duke of Bavaria in Munich). We meet his children: his two daughters, Virginia and Livia, who both entered a convent, and his son Vincenzo who had no scientific interests. We also learn about Galileo's life as a student. At seventeen, Galileo attended the University of Pisa to study medicine and "natural philosophy" (science in our parlance). He attended lectures for four and one-half years without acquiring a degree (which was quite common at the time) but did develop his mathematical interests. These are only a few of the personal details in Galileo's life which Shea explores in this book. *All in all, this is a delightful and inviting book, carefully constructed, written in an engaging style, and easy to read. Don't let the poorly designed cover keep you from picking it up. This is a good read for anyone wanting to get a look behind the scenes and meet an illustrious natural philosopher as he lived his rich and complex life. *Reviewed by Arie Leegwater, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Calvin University, Grand Rapids, MI 49456.

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Jorgenson, Kiara A., e Alan G. Padgett. "Ecotheology: A Christian Conversation". Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith 73, n. 3 (settembre 2021): 184–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.56315/pscf9-21jorgenson.

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ECOTHEOLOGY: A Christian Conversation by Kiara¬†A. Jorgenson and Alan G. Padgett, eds. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2020. xx + 228 pages. Paperback; $24.99. ISBN: 9780802874412. *Have you ever wondered how theologians develop responses to new and emerging issues at the interface between faith and science? Ecotheology: A¬†Christian Conversation gives readers a front-row seat to that process, recording interactions among four contemporary theologians on the question of how human beings ought to relate to the nonhuman creation. The question is timely, contentious, and exceedingly important. At one time, human domination (dominion) over the nonhuman creation was the most widespread paradigm for that relationship. In the 1980s, Christian environmental stewardship emerged as a corrective to dominion/domination. In recent years, attempts to move beyond stewardship have taken shape. Like many theological questions, a singular and definitive answer is elusive. But the importance of the question is not in doubt. Human exploitation of the nonhuman creation has eroded ecosystems, decimated species, and changed the climate in ways that should cause remorse, bring about repentance, and cause dramatic change. We need to find a new way forward. *Unsurprisingly, the authors in Ecotheology don't provide a single answer. Rather, their goal is to "assist individuals and communities to develop their own ecotheology and to explore the spiritual and theological dimensions of cultivating a greater love of the world" (p. 13). In this review, we summarize and assess each theologian's contribution, and we provide some overall thoughts about the Ecotheology project. The structure of our review echoes the structure of the book. *Chapters 1 and 2 (reviewed by Matt Heun) *Ecotheology begins with Richard Bauckham's essay "Being Human in the Community of Creation," which contains one of the strongest and most effective takedowns yet of the "dominion as domination" narrative. Short and concise, he argues (a) that God's predominant characteristic is love (goodness, compassion, justice, kindness) and (b) that "human dominion over other living creatures will reflect God's rule by showing these same qualities" (p. 30). Continuing, Bauckham argues convincingly that although stewardship has been a valuable paradigm, it ill-advisedly places humans above the nonhuman creation in a vertical power relationship. Instead, he favors the "community of creation" in which human beings live in "conscious mutuality with other creatures" (p. 21). These moves by Bauckham are both helpful and important. Rightly understanding our relationship to the nonhuman creation is essential if we are to honor its inherent value rather than focus on its value to us. *My quibbles with chapter 1 are few. First, Bauckham's focus on other "creatures" leaves one wondering about the nonhuman, noncreatures that also inhabit our planet. Does the community of creation extend to air and water? to coal deposits and lakeshore pebbles? Second, Bauckham occasionally slips into stewardship language, despite wanting to move beyond it. Indeed, his re-reading of Genesis includes "God ... entrusting to our care ... something of priceless value" (p. 25). Bauckham struggles, as we all do, to match our diction to our (eco)theology. *Ecotheology continues with Cynthia Moe-Lobeda's "Love Incarnate: Hope and Moral-Spiritual Power for Climate Justice." She exposes the "paradox of the [high-consuming] human," in which the good things of everyday life depend upon fossil fuels and the globalized economy in ways that cause "death and destruction due to climate change and the exploitation of people and their lands" (p. 69). She rightly identifies our consumptive patterns of life to be an externalization of Paul's lament, "I¬†do not do the good I want, but the evil I do not want is what I do" (Romans 7:15b). Moe-Lobeda claims that agape love is the antidote to our moral inertia, and she offers eight helpful guideposts for ways to live in agape love. *My only critique is that she could have done more to highlight the challenges to living according to her guideposts. It will be much harder than "calling down ... the [climate justice] music that already exists" (p. 94). *Response from Dave Warners *Matt's praise for Bauckham's dismissal of the stewardship-as-domination paradigm is spot on. I also agree with his point that Bauckham's "Community of Creation" is a helpful alternative concept with the caveat that "community" should be understood more as "ecosystem," including nonliving elements of creation. I thought Matt would comment on Bauckham's emphasis on order in creation; evolutionarily and ecologically, creation can be a messy place, and too much emphasis on order conjures up unhelpful perceptions from the days of Natural Theology. In reviewing "Love Incarnate: Hope and Moral-Spiritual Power for Climate Justice," Matt rightly commends Moe-Lobeda's emphasis on love. Love sacrifices for the sake of the other, and a human-creation relationship marked by love is a worthy aspiration. A regret I had with this chapter is its nearly single-minded focus on climate change. While climate change is the pressing issue of our time, it is certainly not our exclusive ecological/ecotheological challenge. *Chapters 3 and 4 (reviewed by Dave Warners) *Steven Bouma-Prediger's "The Character of Earth-Keeping" does two important things. He starts by deftly detailing the limitations of the stewardship paradigm, offering "earthkeeping" as an improvement. He then pivots to a discussion on virtue ethics and their applicability to the practice of earthkeeping. I especially appreciated Steve's focus on two of the virtues: wonder and humility. His ideas for how these virtues can be used to embody a more appropriate posture and practice of creation care are refreshing. Extending virtues into the realm of creation care is an important contribution by Bouma-Prediger both here and in his other writings. But in light of the strong encouragement for readers to cultivate these virtues, it would have been helpful to offer suggestions for how such cultivation can be achieved. Additionally, the author emphasizes that human beings are unique among all God's creatures, which may be important for avoiding biocentrist accusations. But given the many problems our species has introduced and continues to promulgate, a sobering reality check of our creatureliness, limitations, and finitude might be needed more. *In "The Unfinished Sacrament of Creation: Christian Faith and the Promise of Nature," John Haught takes a long view of planetary well-being. He contends that an eschatological awareness should infiltrate and inform ecotheology. Haught advocates for recognizing that the world we are caring for is an emerging creation, moving from its inception toward a God-ordained end point. His emphasis that creation is in the process of coming into being is a strength of this chapter. And yet, besides encouraging Christians to become aware of the unfolding character of creation, the reader is left wondering what should be done differently in light of this new awareness. Haught points out that our species is a remarkably recent newcomer to this ongoing creational unfolding. Given our evolutionarily recent arrival, combined with the dramatic impact we are imposing, more direction for how and why human influence ought to be exerted would have been helpful. For example, when we recognize that God has been in relationship with nonhuman creation all along, we must admit our relationship with God is of much shorter duration. This realization ought to evoke a deep respect for those other relationships, and deep regret when our selfish actions compromise or terminate them. Although practical implications of the perspectival shift Haught advocates are not provided, he lays ample groundwork for rich dialogue on the creation care actions such an awareness ought to inspire. *Response from Matt Heun *Dave is right to appreciate both pieces of Bouma-Prediger's chapter, earthkeeping and eco-virtues. But the author could have done more to link the concept of earthkeeping to eco-virtues. I was left wondering how earthkeeping (vs. stewardship) leads to better (or different) eco-virtue formation. As Dave says, Haught's long view of creation is a helpful reminder that newcomer status should affect our relationship with the nonhuman creation. But should Haught have been the first chapter instead of the last? He opens a space to discuss how the relationship between human beings and the nonhuman creation should evolve, space that could have been filled by the ideas of Bauckham (the community of creation), Moe-Lobeda (working within and against systems for their reform), and Bouma-Prediger (earthkeeping and personal ethics). *If you enjoy the structure and tone of this review, you will also enjoy the format of Ecotheology. On the positive side, it is economical; readers experience four voices in one book and read responses to each chapter from the other co-authors. *However, if you wish that we reviewers had better coordinated our thoughts before writing this review, you will wish the same of the book. Ecotheology is less the conversation promised by its subtitle and more a conference session with presenters and respondents, appropriate for an audience of theologians. An alternative project would have assembled the same theologians in a collaborative writing process, allowing authors to incorporate coauthor feedback into revised chapters before publication. The result would have been a more polished and more insightful collection of ecotheological contributions. *That said, the Ecotheology project is largely successful in meeting its stated goal of assisting individuals and communities to develop their own ecotheology. The chapters were great conversation starters for us. Although the book could have been sharpened by deeper dialogue and collaboration among the authors and editors, the essays and responses in Ecotheology will stimulate good conversations among other readers, too! *Reviewed by David Paul Warners, Biology Department, and Matthew Kuperus Heun, Engineering Department, Calvin University, Grand Rapids, MI 49546.

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46

Abascal, Lina, e Maxime Bisson. "Blogger, Faster, Stronger". Audimat N° 19, n. 2 (30 giugno 2023): 11–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/audi.019.0011.

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Abstract (sommario):

La scène bloghouse n’aura finalement duré que quelques années entre la fin des années 2000 et le début des années 2010. Elle a pour moi un statut un peu particulier : comme membre du blog et collectif fluokids, je l’ai bien connue. Si bien que j’appréhende avec une certaine anxiété ce moment où l’on commence à en écrire l’histoire. Se présentent en effet tous les risques habituels d’écrasement des expériences du passé, contre lesquels cette revue a l’habitude de lutter. Le risque principal tient au fait de considérer, à cause de ce nom de “bloghouse” qui a fini par s’imposer, que c’est un genre musical plutôt homogène — un son maximal, compressé et lo-fi, celui des bangers / turbines — et représenté par quelques labels et artistes stars (Ed Banger, Kitsuné, Simian Mobile Disco, Justice, etc.). Or avant que ne se dégagent ces repères fédérateurs, il s’agissait aussi et peut-être surtout d’un réseau de blogger·euses notamment suédois·es, français·es, américain·es et australien·nes (un temps fédéré·es par la mailing-list secrète Grindin ). Son centre de gravité tenait moins à un son particulier qu’à la fusion accélérée de styles multiples à travers des DJ sets décomplexés, la publication d’une avalanche de remixes — dont sortaient inévitablement les meilleurs tubes — et bien sûr des billets de blogs, des posts sur les réseaux sociaux et des playlists web, qui devenaient soudain des formats musicaux à part entière. Nous partagions un certain état d’esprit post-adolescent et un goût pour la fête comme espace de jeu. Nous mettions en commun nos différents avantages comparatifs locaux et nationaux tout en entretenant une certaine curiosité à l’endroit de ceux des autres — l’electro-pop et l’electro-house scandinave et australienne, le thrash punk de Los Angeles, le nu-disco d’un peu partout, et bien sûr les suites de la french touch dans ses différents aspects — arrangements chics et (hard) house filtrée. Qui se souvient aujourd’hui du remix de Switch pour le «Divine Gosa» de Radioclit, de son synthé irisé et plus délicieusement crispant que la pire des montées acid , et de ses tunnels de reverbs en forme d’impasses ? On pouvait lui enchaîner sans difficulté le remix d’Erol Alkan pour «Move My Body» de Tiga, qui faisait la jonction avec l’electroclash, cet autre genre tributaire d’une fascination un peu malsaine pour la combinaison de la fête et des médias ; mais aussi l’interrompre sans ménagement pour passer à une bluette techno minimale de Gui Boratto, à une ballade folk-pop de Gotye, ou un anthem de Juelz Santana. La façon dont nous rassemblions tous ces morceaux dans les mêmes mixes et playlists ressemble à ce qu’incarne l’hyperpop aujourd’hui : centralité des playlists, bastardisation des genres, glitch et mélodies 8bit, rencontres entre sensibilités emo, punk et électronique, entre pure dépense et mièvrerie… Même si elle aborde assez peu ces questions d’esthétique sonore, et qu’elle survalorise peut-être l’indépendance des espaces numériques, il me semble que la journaliste Lina Abascal, dans son récent livre Never be alone again , rend assez bien justice à cette scène — c’est que comme en témoignent les interludes du livre en forme de journal intime, elle aussi l’a vécue de l’intérieur. Le chapitre dont vous allez lire la traduction a en tout cas l’intérêt de faire ressortir une certaine candeur de la part de celles et ceux qui se retrouvaient alors propulsés dans les débuts de la célébrité en ligne. Il éclaire aussi au mieux la fin de l’ère bloghouse : la montée de plateformes marginalisant le partage de fichiers comme l’écrit et la promotion des identités d’« influenceurs » et de « créateurs » sont allées de pair avec la désaffection d’une bonne partie de celles et ceux qui y avaient cru y trouver, l’espace d’un instant, une manière de vivre sans jamais avoir à regarder derrière soi. GH.

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47

Asmi, Rehenuma. "Everyday Conversions: Islam, Domestic Work, and South Asian Migrant Women in Kuwait". American Journal of Islam and Society 35, n. 3 (1 luglio 2018): 83–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v35i3.485.

Testo completo

Abstract (sommario):

There is a tendency in academic literature to compare and contrast reli- gions to try to understand the motivations of the convert. What are the costs and benefits of conversion? What is gained and what is lost? Thinking in these utilitarian terms can lead to a focus on causality and materiality, rather than the metaphysical and ephemeral aspects of religious thought and practice. Furthermore, religious conversion to Islam is often mired in the same prejudices and stereotypes of the orient found in western and predominantly Judeo-Christian depictions of the Middle East, the region that Islam is most often associated with. In Everyday Conversions: Islam, Domestic Work, and South Asian Migrant Women in Kuwait, Attiya Ahmad moves away from the emphasis on what distinguishes religious traditions and discursive communities to focus on what religious conversion means to the individual convert. Ahmad seeks to counter the notion that conver- sion must have some material benefit to the convert and instead looks at the quotidian character of religious transformation. Ahmad argues in her eth- nographic work that conversion can be understood through the minutiae of daily interactions, conversations, and affections that develop over time. She follows the lives of migrant domestic workers in the Gulf and their relationships with their employers as well as their own families over the course of their conversions and argues that it is neither the strength of the da'wa movement in Kuwait, nor the benefits gained by conversion to the employee/employer relationship that effectively describes the reason the women convert (although Ahmad is admittedly not looking for causality). Instead, Ahmad writes: “I have sought to tell a more modest and mundane set of stories that convey moments of slippage, tension and traces of feel- ings, thoughts and impressions of everyday conversion” (194). The strengths of Ahmad’s ethnography lie in its attention to detail and equanimity in representing the challenges of migration and domestic labor. Ahmad is careful not to create victims, nor inflate the value of the women’s migration and conversion to their economic or personal well-being. In this approach, there are hints of Lila Abu-Lughod’s and Saba Mahmood’s work with women who appear to be in marginal or precarious positions. Like these feminist ethnographers, Ahmad is attuned to the ethics and politics of representation, but with an eye towards transnational and cultural stud- ies. In its theoretical framing, the ethnography calls to mind the work of Michel DeCerteau in The Practice of Everyday Life, which rejects theories of production to focus on the consumer. Furthermore, by placing conversion in light of transnational migration, Ahmad also shows how the individu- al convert navigates her conversion through the complex nexus of Kuwait City as well as her own home town. Thus, the individual convert as artist of her own conversion is the primary subject of Ahmad’s book. My one cri- tique of the book would be in the area of theory, where Ahmad is hesitant to challenge others who have written on the subject of Islamic religious faith and practice, despite the theoretical weight evident in her ethnography. In the introduction, Ahmad begins with Talal Asad and Saba Mah- mood’s seminal arguments in the field of anthropology of Islam, which she argues “relativize and provincialize secular modern understandings of sub- jectivity, agency and embodied practice” (9). She distinguishes her work from Asad and Mahmood’s by utilizing a transnational feminist framework that highlights the process of “mutual constitution and self-constituting othering, as well as sociohistorical circumstances” (10). Ahmad wants to go beyond discursive narratives of secular liberalism and the Islamic piety movement. Specifically, Ahmad follows the approach of Eve Sedgewick, who eschews Judith Butler’s “strong theory” in exchange for an approach that looks at factors that “lie alongside” gender performativity (23). Ahmad does this by showing “how religious conversion also constitutes a complex site of interrelation through which religious traditions are configured and reconfigured together” (24). Instead of showing conflict or contrasting discursive traditions, Ahmad contends that the best way to understand the lives and stories of her interlocutors are in the quotidian affairs of the households they work and live in. She divides the chapters into the affec- tive experiences the women have as a result of their migration experiences, which in turn spur their conversions. Chapters one and two cover the political and geographic terrain that the women must cut across, which produces an overwhelming feeling of being neither here nor there, but temporarily suspended between states, households, and religions. Chapter one paints a somewhat grim picture of the politically precarious position of migrant women within the kefala sys- tem, labor laws, and bans on migrations often creating impossible condi- tions for migrant woman. Chapter two sets out to “discern, document and describe” (66) the migratory experience and why it produces uncertainty about one’s place in the world. It follows the women back and forth between Kuwait and their home countries, emphasizing the socio-historical context that requires a transnational feminist framework. The four women that Ah- mad follows throughout the book share their migratory journeys and their sense of “suspension” between two households. This chapter segues neatly into chapter three, where the women share how being a female migrant and domestic laborer requires knowledge of cross-cultural norms regarding gender, all of which require the women to be naram, “a gendered, learned capability of being malleable that indexes proper womanhood” (122). In their own eyes, a successful domestic worker from South Asia bends to the norms of the society they are in, and they attribute male and female migrant failure to being too sakht, or hard and unyielding. Here, I would have liked a stronger connection between how she describes naram and how Mahmood describes malaka. Does being naram lay the groundwork for women’s conversion to Islam, a religion which requires the ability to engage in rituals entailing patience, modesty, and steadfastness? Ahmed hints at this connection in the conclusion to the chapter—“Being naram resonates with the fluid, flexible student-centered pedagogies of Kuwait’s Islamic dawa movement, thus facilitating domestic worker’s deepening learning of Islamic precepts and practices” (123)—but she could have spent more time discussing the overlap in the concepts in either chapter three or five, where she discusses the da'wah movement. Chapters four and five deal directly with questions of religious thought and practice and illustrate how the women grapple with Islamic practices in the household as their relationships with their employers deepen. Chapter five is about the household and the everyday conversations or “house talk” that Ahmad argues are the touchstones for the women’s conversion. The daily relations in the household make blending and layering practices of Is- lam onto older traditions and rituals seem easy and natural. Ahmad argues that “the work undertaken by domestic workers—such as tending to family members during trips and caring for the elderly or the infirm—necessari- ly involves the disciplining and training of their comportment, affect and sense of self ” (129) and makes Islamic practices easier to absorb as well. Chapter 6 is a foray into the da'wah movement classroom. Like Mahmood’s Politics of Piety, Ahmad shows how the teachers and students use the space to create “intertwining stories” of patience in the face of hardship and the eventual rewards that come from this ethical re-fashioning, which mirror their own hardships as converts and help them deal with the dilemmas of being female migrant and domestic workers. The chapter ends with a sense of uncertainty, returning to the themes of temporality and suspension that began the book. Ahmad can’t say whether the conversions will remain fixed pieces or will bend and move with the women as their circumstances change. In the epilogue, Ahmad follows the “ongoing conversions” of her inter- locutors as some of them return home as Muslims and encounter new chal- lenges. As a book that focuses on the everyday, it is fitting to end on a new day and possibly, a new conversion. The strength of Ahmad’s ethnography is in giving center-stage to the considerable creativity and diligence mi- grant women show in piecing together their own conversions. This piecing together is perfectly captured by the book’s cover, which features Azra Ak- samija’s “Flocking Mosque”. The structure of a flower illustrates how believ- ers form a circular and geometric shape when gathered in devotion to God. Like Aksamija’s patterns, which build into a circular design, Ahmad’s chap- ters each represent a key piece of the story of migrant domestic workers’ conversion to Islam as a gradual process that blends nations, households, and individuals together to create a narrative about the women’s newfound faith. Scholars should read this book for its textured and detailed observa- tions about migrant women’s daily lives and for its treatment of religious conversion as a gradual process that unfolds in the everyday experiences of individuals. It would also be a great book for students as theory takes a back seat to the ethnography. The book is a refreshing, graceful approach to the subject of religious conversion and Islamic faith. Ahmad stays focused on telling her interlocutors’ stories while navigating often conflicting posi- tions. Rehenuma AsmiAssistant Professor of Education and International StudiesAllegheny College

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48

Asmi, Rehenuma. "Everyday Conversions: Islam, Domestic Work, and South Asian Migrant Women in Kuwait". American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 35, n. 3 (1 luglio 2018): 83–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajiss.v35i3.485.

Testo completo

Abstract (sommario):

There is a tendency in academic literature to compare and contrast reli- gions to try to understand the motivations of the convert. What are the costs and benefits of conversion? What is gained and what is lost? Thinking in these utilitarian terms can lead to a focus on causality and materiality, rather than the metaphysical and ephemeral aspects of religious thought and practice. Furthermore, religious conversion to Islam is often mired in the same prejudices and stereotypes of the orient found in western and predominantly Judeo-Christian depictions of the Middle East, the region that Islam is most often associated with. In Everyday Conversions: Islam, Domestic Work, and South Asian Migrant Women in Kuwait, Attiya Ahmad moves away from the emphasis on what distinguishes religious traditions and discursive communities to focus on what religious conversion means to the individual convert. Ahmad seeks to counter the notion that conver- sion must have some material benefit to the convert and instead looks at the quotidian character of religious transformation. Ahmad argues in her eth- nographic work that conversion can be understood through the minutiae of daily interactions, conversations, and affections that develop over time. She follows the lives of migrant domestic workers in the Gulf and their relationships with their employers as well as their own families over the course of their conversions and argues that it is neither the strength of the da'wa movement in Kuwait, nor the benefits gained by conversion to the employee/employer relationship that effectively describes the reason the women convert (although Ahmad is admittedly not looking for causality). Instead, Ahmad writes: “I have sought to tell a more modest and mundane set of stories that convey moments of slippage, tension and traces of feel- ings, thoughts and impressions of everyday conversion” (194). The strengths of Ahmad’s ethnography lie in its attention to detail and equanimity in representing the challenges of migration and domestic labor. Ahmad is careful not to create victims, nor inflate the value of the women’s migration and conversion to their economic or personal well-being. In this approach, there are hints of Lila Abu-Lughod’s and Saba Mahmood’s work with women who appear to be in marginal or precarious positions. Like these feminist ethnographers, Ahmad is attuned to the ethics and politics of representation, but with an eye towards transnational and cultural stud- ies. In its theoretical framing, the ethnography calls to mind the work of Michel DeCerteau in The Practice of Everyday Life, which rejects theories of production to focus on the consumer. Furthermore, by placing conversion in light of transnational migration, Ahmad also shows how the individu- al convert navigates her conversion through the complex nexus of Kuwait City as well as her own home town. Thus, the individual convert as artist of her own conversion is the primary subject of Ahmad’s book. My one cri- tique of the book would be in the area of theory, where Ahmad is hesitant to challenge others who have written on the subject of Islamic religious faith and practice, despite the theoretical weight evident in her ethnography. In the introduction, Ahmad begins with Talal Asad and Saba Mah- mood’s seminal arguments in the field of anthropology of Islam, which she argues “relativize and provincialize secular modern understandings of sub- jectivity, agency and embodied practice” (9). She distinguishes her work from Asad and Mahmood’s by utilizing a transnational feminist framework that highlights the process of “mutual constitution and self-constituting othering, as well as sociohistorical circumstances” (10). Ahmad wants to go beyond discursive narratives of secular liberalism and the Islamic piety movement. Specifically, Ahmad follows the approach of Eve Sedgewick, who eschews Judith Butler’s “strong theory” in exchange for an approach that looks at factors that “lie alongside” gender performativity (23). Ahmad does this by showing “how religious conversion also constitutes a complex site of interrelation through which religious traditions are configured and reconfigured together” (24). Instead of showing conflict or contrasting discursive traditions, Ahmad contends that the best way to understand the lives and stories of her interlocutors are in the quotidian affairs of the households they work and live in. She divides the chapters into the affec- tive experiences the women have as a result of their migration experiences, which in turn spur their conversions. Chapters one and two cover the political and geographic terrain that the women must cut across, which produces an overwhelming feeling of being neither here nor there, but temporarily suspended between states, households, and religions. Chapter one paints a somewhat grim picture of the politically precarious position of migrant women within the kefala sys- tem, labor laws, and bans on migrations often creating impossible condi- tions for migrant woman. Chapter two sets out to “discern, document and describe” (66) the migratory experience and why it produces uncertainty about one’s place in the world. It follows the women back and forth between Kuwait and their home countries, emphasizing the socio-historical context that requires a transnational feminist framework. The four women that Ah- mad follows throughout the book share their migratory journeys and their sense of “suspension” between two households. This chapter segues neatly into chapter three, where the women share how being a female migrant and domestic laborer requires knowledge of cross-cultural norms regarding gender, all of which require the women to be naram, “a gendered, learned capability of being malleable that indexes proper womanhood” (122). In their own eyes, a successful domestic worker from South Asia bends to the norms of the society they are in, and they attribute male and female migrant failure to being too sakht, or hard and unyielding. Here, I would have liked a stronger connection between how she describes naram and how Mahmood describes malaka. Does being naram lay the groundwork for women’s conversion to Islam, a religion which requires the ability to engage in rituals entailing patience, modesty, and steadfastness? Ahmed hints at this connection in the conclusion to the chapter—“Being naram resonates with the fluid, flexible student-centered pedagogies of Kuwait’s Islamic dawa movement, thus facilitating domestic worker’s deepening learning of Islamic precepts and practices” (123)—but she could have spent more time discussing the overlap in the concepts in either chapter three or five, where she discusses the da'wah movement. Chapters four and five deal directly with questions of religious thought and practice and illustrate how the women grapple with Islamic practices in the household as their relationships with their employers deepen. Chapter five is about the household and the everyday conversations or “house talk” that Ahmad argues are the touchstones for the women’s conversion. The daily relations in the household make blending and layering practices of Is- lam onto older traditions and rituals seem easy and natural. Ahmad argues that “the work undertaken by domestic workers—such as tending to family members during trips and caring for the elderly or the infirm—necessari- ly involves the disciplining and training of their comportment, affect and sense of self ” (129) and makes Islamic practices easier to absorb as well. Chapter 6 is a foray into the da'wah movement classroom. Like Mahmood’s Politics of Piety, Ahmad shows how the teachers and students use the space to create “intertwining stories” of patience in the face of hardship and the eventual rewards that come from this ethical re-fashioning, which mirror their own hardships as converts and help them deal with the dilemmas of being female migrant and domestic workers. The chapter ends with a sense of uncertainty, returning to the themes of temporality and suspension that began the book. Ahmad can’t say whether the conversions will remain fixed pieces or will bend and move with the women as their circumstances change. In the epilogue, Ahmad follows the “ongoing conversions” of her inter- locutors as some of them return home as Muslims and encounter new chal- lenges. As a book that focuses on the everyday, it is fitting to end on a new day and possibly, a new conversion. The strength of Ahmad’s ethnography is in giving center-stage to the considerable creativity and diligence mi- grant women show in piecing together their own conversions. This piecing together is perfectly captured by the book’s cover, which features Azra Ak- samija’s “Flocking Mosque”. The structure of a flower illustrates how believ- ers form a circular and geometric shape when gathered in devotion to God. Like Aksamija’s patterns, which build into a circular design, Ahmad’s chap- ters each represent a key piece of the story of migrant domestic workers’ conversion to Islam as a gradual process that blends nations, households, and individuals together to create a narrative about the women’s newfound faith. Scholars should read this book for its textured and detailed observa- tions about migrant women’s daily lives and for its treatment of religious conversion as a gradual process that unfolds in the everyday experiences of individuals. It would also be a great book for students as theory takes a back seat to the ethnography. The book is a refreshing, graceful approach to the subject of religious conversion and Islamic faith. Ahmad stays focused on telling her interlocutors’ stories while navigating often conflicting posi- tions. Rehenuma AsmiAssistant Professor of Education and International StudiesAllegheny College

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49

BULUT, Abdurrahman. "İngilizce The Problem of Giving Zakat in the Hanafi Sect and the Effect of Ibn al-Humâm's Choice on Later Literature". Mevzu – Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 29 maggio 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56720/mevzu.1281461.

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Abstract (sommario):

Fıkıh ilmi amel bakımından hak ve yükümlülükleri konu edinen bir ilim dalıdır. Kişilerin dinî yükümlülüklerinin başında ibadetler yer alır. Mükellef kişinin sorumluluğunu hakkıyla yerine getirmesi, ibadetlerin eda şartlarına riayet ederek ifası ile mümkündür. Bazı ibadetler belli vakitlerle kayıtlı olarak diğer bazı ibadetler ise bir vakitle kayıtlı olmaksızın mutlak emir ile sabit kılınmıştır. Bu tür mutlak emir ile sabit olan ibadetler arasında sayılan zekât ibadetinin gerekli şartları taşıyan bir kişi tarafından derhal mi eda edilmesi gerektiği (fevr) yoksa daha sonra eda etme niyeti taşımakla birlikte tehir etme imkânının olup olmadığı (terâhi) fıkıh âlimleri arasında tartışılmıştır. Zekâtın eda zamanı problemi, usûldeki mutlak emrin zaman bakımından delaleti konusu ile belli ölçüde irtibatlı olmakla birlikte hâricî bazı karineler de dikkate alındığı için müstakil bir mesele olarak ele alınmak durumundadır. Zekâtın eda zamanı meselesinde, Hanefî fıkıh literatüründe ilk dönemlerden itibaren mezhep imamlarının benimsediği görüşlere dair farklı rivayetler nakledilmiştir. Bunun bir sonucu olarak Hanefî fakihleri mezhep içi tercih hususunda farklı görüşler benimsemiştir. Bu durum, Hanefî mezhebine bu meselede belirli bir görüşü nispet etmeyi zorlaştırmış ve çağdaş dönemdeki ilgili çalışmalarda Hanefî mezhebine farklı görüşlerin nispet edilmesine sebep olmuştur. Bu makalede, Hanefî mezhebi tarihinde farklı rivayetlerin nakledilmesi, görüş ihtilafları ve mezhep içi tercih bağlamında usûl ve fürû eserleri arasında mukayeseli ve kronolojik bir okuma yapılarak zekâtın eda zamanı meselesinin izi sürülmeye çalışılmıştır. Fürû ve usûl alanında temsil kabiliyeti bulunan temel eserler itibariyle Hanefî fıkıh literatürüne dair yapılan okuma neticesinde bu meseleye dair erken dönemdeki hâkim görüş ile geç dönemdeki hâkim görüşün farklı olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Görebildiğimiz kadarıyla çağdaş dönemdeki ilgili çalışmalarda bu hususa temas edilmemektedir. İbnü’l-Hümâm’ın Fethu’l-kadîr isimli el-Hidâye şerhindeki şahsi kanaatini ifade ettiği açıklamalarının, mezhep içi tercihe dair tarihsel süreçteki değişikliğin bir kırılma noktası olarak değerlendirilmesinin mümkün olduğu görülmüştür. Nitekim İbnü’l-Hümâm’ın bu meseledeki tercihi, erken dönemdeki hâkim görüş ile paralel olan el-Hidâye müellifinin tercihinden farklıdır.

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50

Zhang, Jinggui. "Modulation instability in fractional Schrödinger equation with cubic–quintic nonlinearity". Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials, 28 febbraio 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218863522500199.

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Abstract (sommario):

In this paper, we investigate the properties of modulation instability (MI) in the fractional Schrödinger equation with cubic–quintic nonlinearity (SECN), particularly focusing on some novel dynamical behaviors different from those in the conventional SECN. First, we apply the linear-stability theory to derive an analytical expression for instability gain in such novel fractional physical system. Just like the case of the conventional SECN, our analysis shows that the dynamical behavior of MI in the fractional SECN still depends on the various combinations of the signs of cubic and quintic nonlinearities. In particular, MI is found to still occur even in the fractional Schrödinger equation (SE) with self-defocusing cubic nonlinearity if the quintic nonlinearity is positive. Moreover, we further find that the Lévy indices related to the fractional effects mainly act to increase not only the fastest growth frequency but also the bandwidth, when compared to the case in the conventional SECN. However, the corresponding maximum gain is completely independent on such Lévy indices. The theoretical predictions are confirmed by the numerical results from the split-step Fourier method. Our findings suggest that the novel fractional systems with cubic–quintic nonlinearity provide some possibilities to control the dynamical behavior of MI and new solitary waves.

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