Articoli di riviste: "Mhala"

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Bhol, Nirakar, Rakesh Roshan, Subhasmita Parida e Abhiram Dash. "Seed Characteristics and Seedling Quality of Selected Teak Clones in Eastern India". International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 36, n. 6 (19 maggio 2024): 720–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i64676.

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Teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) is one of the important timbers of the world and is honoured as the ‘King’ of Indian timbers. It is grown in large scale by people in farm forestry and agroforestry programme and also by various agencies. To understand the characteristics of seeds and the quality of seedlings raised from seeds of selected teak clones, an investigation was carried out. Fruits were collected from 25 clones of teak grown at Silviculture Research Station, Koshala, Angul, Odisha (India) and tested at College of Forestry, Odisha University of Agriculture & Technology, Bhubaneswar (India). Experiments were carried out under Completely Randomized Design with 3 replications. Significant variation in fruit characteristics such as fruit length, fruit width, 100 fruit weight, number of seeds per fruit, fruit viability and germination percent was observed. Fruit length varied from 1.08 to 1.57cm and ORANP-4 produced longest fruit while MHALA-7 had minimum value. Fruit width differed from 1.20 to 2.58cm and the highest width was recorded in ORAN-1 (1.58 cm) and lowest in MHALA- 7. Weight of 100 fruits ranged from 34.28 to 56.64g and ORAN-1 recorded maximum fruit weight which was at par with MHALP-9 (54.23 g) while ORPUB -13 registered the minimum value which statistically similar to MHALA-7. Number of seeds per fruit varied from 3.10 to 4.00. Fruit viability varied from 47.56 to 70.38% and ORAN-4 excelled in viability and remained statistically at par with ORPUB-23, MHALA-9 and ORANR-6. Germination percent of fruit varied from 30.5 to 49.50% and ORANP-4 recorded maximum germination percent, but it was statistically similar to MHALA-9 and ORANR-6. The growth and quality of seedlings raised from the open pollinated seeds of clones also exhibited significant difference. MHALA-9 excelled over others with regard to collar diameter, height, number of leaves, shoot weight, root weight and quality of seedling in 15 month of assessment in nursery. It recorded seedling quality index of 16.41 at the age of 15 month.

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Balyamujura, H. N., e H. D. van Schalkwyk. "OPTIMISATION OF DIFFERENT LAND USE REGIMES IN THE MHALA DISTRICT, MPUMALANGA / OPTIMISERING VAN VERSKILLENDE GRONDGEBRUIKSPATRONE IN DIE MHALA DISTRIK, MPUMALANGA". Agrekon 36, n. 4 (dicembre 1997): 604–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03031853.1997.9523488.

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Hayati, Risda, e Desi Sukenti. "Interpretasi Psikologis Lirik Lagu Album “Naura & Genk Juara” Karya Mhala dan Tantra Numata". Ganaya : Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Humaniora 7, n. 3 (28 giugno 2024): 209–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.37329/ganaya.v7i3.3396.

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Songs can be a means of communication that singers and songwriters want to convey to listeners about what they feel. In songs, there are song lyrics which are part of literary works which contain outpourings of personal feelings, emotions, and expressions of soul experiences in the form of an arrangement of words. One of them is the song lyrics on the album Naura & Genk Juara. The lyrics on the album contain many implied meanings, so analysis is needed using Schleimacher's Hermeneutics theory which is used to understand the meaning of the song from the psychology of the song writer. The aim of the research is to describe, analyze and interpret the psychology of the song lyrics on the album Naura & Genk Juara. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. Data collection techniques include (1) listening to the song carefully, (2) noting the song lyrics carefully, (3) understanding the psychological aspects of the song. Data analysis uses Schleirmacher's hermeneutical approach. The results of the research show that Schleilmacher's psychological interpretation on the album song Naura & Genk Juara describes enthusiasm and never giving up on being a champion, parents' anxiety about their children, preserving nature, annoyance with friends, motivation for having dreams, regrets for children who don't listen to their parents' advice, optimism about being a winner, and friendship. At the psychological interpretation stage, it can be seen that the lyrics he wrote were created from phenomena that were occurring at that time, many Indonesian children were not mentally strong enough to face challenges in achieving their dreams, so lyrics emerged that provided motivation, besides that, many Indonesian children who do not want to listen to advice from their parents, causing regret.

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Fischer, A. "Land tenure in Mhala: Official wisdom ‘locked up’ in tradition and people ‘locked up’ in development∗". Development Southern Africa 4, n. 3 (agosto 1987): 502–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03768358708439338.

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Papsai, Pal, Jasmin Aldag, Tina Persson e Sofi K. C. Elmroth. "Kinetic preference for interaction of cisplatin with the G–C-rich wobble basepair region in both tRNAAlaand MhAla". Dalton Trans., n. 29 (2006): 3515–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b603833f.

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Peires, J. B. "‘Soft’ Believers and ‘Hard’ Unbelievers in the Xhosa Cattle-Killing". Journal of African History 27, n. 3 (novembre 1986): 443–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853700023264.

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A substantial minority, perhaps 15 per cent of all Xhosa, refused to obey the prophetess Nongqawuse's orders to kill their cattle and destory their cornl. This divided Xhosaland into two parties, the amathamba (‘soft’ ones, or believers) and the amagogotya (‘hard’ ones, or unbelievers). The affiliation of individuals was partly determined by a number of factors – lungsickness in cattle, political attitude towards the Cape Colony, religious beliefs, kinship, age and gender – but a systematic analysis of each of these factors in turn suggests that none of them was sufficiently important to constitute the basis of either party.The key to understanding the division lies in an analysis of the indigenous Xhosa terms ‘soft’ and ‘hard’. ‘Softness’ in Xhosa denotes the submissiveness of the individual to the common will of the community, whereas ‘hardness’ denotes the determination of the individual to pursue his own ends, even at communal expense. Translated into social terms, the ‘soft’ believers were those who remained committed to the mutual aid ethic of the declining precolonial society, whereas the ‘hard’ unbelievers were those who sought to seize advantage of the new opportunities offered by the colonial presence to increase their wealth and social prominence. The conflict between the social and personal imperatives was well expressed by Chief Smith Mhala, the unbelieving son of a believing father, when he said, ‘They say I am killing my father – so I would kill him before I would kill my cattle.’ Certainly, the division between amathamba and amagogotya ran much deeper than the division between belief and unbelief, and the Xhosa, in conferring these names, seem to have recognized the fact.

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Hagedoorn, Nienke N., Pinar Kolukirik, Nicole M. A. Nagtzaam, Daan Nieboer, Sascha Verbruggen, Koen F. Joosten, Henriette Moll, Gertjan Driessen, Willem A. Dik e Clementien Vermont. "Association of monocyte HLA-DR expression over time with secondary infection in critically ill children: a prospective observational study". European Journal of Pediatrics 181, n. 3 (10 novembre 2021): 1133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00431-021-04313-7.

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AbstractAn impaired immune response could play a role in the acquisition of secondary infections in critically ill children. Human leukocyte antigen-DR expression on monocytes (mHLA-DR) has been proposed as marker to detect immunosuppression, but its potential to predict secondary infections in critically ill children is unclear. We aimed to assess the association between mHLA-DR expression at several timepoints and the change of mHLA-DR expression over time with the acquisition of secondary infections in critically ill children. In this prospective observational study, children < 18 years with fever and/or suspected infection (community-acquired or hospital-acquired) were included at a paediatric intensive care unit in the Netherlands. mHLA-DR expression was determined by flow cytometry on day 1, day 2–3 and day 4–7. The association between delta-mHLA-DR expression (difference between last and first measurement) and secondary infection was assessed by multivariable regression analysis, adjusted for age and Paediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction-2 score. We included 104 patients at the PICU (median age 1.2 years [IQR 0.3–4.2]), of whom 28 patients (27%) developed a secondary infection. Compared to 93 healthy controls, mHLA-DR expression of critically ill children was significantly lower at all timepoints. mHLA-DR expression did not differ at any of the time points between patients with and without secondary infection. In addition, delta-mHLA-DR expression was not associated with secondary infection (aOR 1.00 [95% CI 0.96–1.04]).Conclusions: Our results confirm that infectious critically ill children have significantly lower mHLA-DR expression than controls. mHLA-DR expression was not associated with the acquisition of secondary infections. What is Known:• An impaired immune response, estimated by mHLA-DR expression, could play an essential role in the acquisition of secondary infections in critically ill children.• In critically ill children, large studies on the association of mHLA-DR expression with secondary infections are scarce. What is New:• Our study confirms that critically ill children have lower mHLA-DR expression than healthy controls.• mHLA-DR expression and change in mHLA-DR was not associated with the acquisition of secondary infection.

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Prút, Liam. "Tá poll i mo mhála". Comhar 55, n. 2 (1996): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25572894.

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Prút, Liam. "Tá poll i mo mhála". Comhar 57, n. 7 (1998): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25573570.

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Lachmann, Gunnar, Clarissa von Haefen, Johannes Kurth, Fatima Yuerek, Klaus-Dieter Wernecke e Claudia Spies. "Smoking, Gender, and Overweight Are Important Influencing Factors on Monocytic HLA-DR before and after Major Cancer Surgery". BioMed Research International 2017 (2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5216562.

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Background. Monocytic human leukocyte antigen D related (mHLA-DR) is essential for antigen-presentation. Downregulation of mHLA-DR emerged as a general biomarker of impaired immunity seen in patients with sepsis and pneumonia and after major surgery. Influencing factors of mHLA-DR such as age, overweight, diabetes, smoking, and gender remain unclear. Methods. We analyzed 20 patients after esophageal or pancreatic resection of a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial (placebo group). mHLA-DR was determined from day of surgery (od) until postoperative day (pod) 5. Statistical analyses were performed using multivariate generalized estimating equation analyses (GEE), nonparametric multivariate analysis of longitudinal data, and univariate post hoc nonparametric Mann–Whitney tests. Results. In GEE, smoking and gender were confirmed as significant influencing factors over time. Univariate analyses of mHLA-DR between smokers and nonsmokers showed lower preoperative levels (p=0.010) and a trend towards lower levels on pod5 (p=0.056) in smokers. Lower mHLA-DR was seen in men on pod3 (p=0.038) and on pod5 (p=0.026). Overweight patients (BMI > 25 kg/m2) had lower levels of mHLA-DR on pod3 (p=0.039) and pod4 (p=0.047). Conclusion. Smoking is an important influencing factor on pre- and postoperative immune function while postoperative immune function was influenced by gender and overweight. Clinical trial registered with ISRCTN27114642.

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Ghlinn, Áine Ní. "An Mhaighdean Mhara agus na Meisceoirí". Comhar 44, n. 9 (1985): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20555789.

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Viitanen, A., V. Allevato, A. Finoguenov, A. Bongiorno, N. Cappelluti, R. Gilli, T. Miyaji e M. Salvato. "The XMM-Newton wide field survey in the COSMOS field: Clustering dependence of X-ray selected AGN on host galaxy properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics 629 (26 agosto 2019): A14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201935186.

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Aims. We study the spatial clustering of 632 (1130) XMM-COSMOS active galactic nuclei (AGNs) with known spectroscopic or photometric redshifts in the range z = [0.1–2.5] in order to measure the AGN bias and estimate the typical mass of the hosting dark matter (DM) halo as a function of AGN host galaxy properties. Methods. We created AGN subsamples in terms of stellar mass, M*, and specific black hole accretion rate, LX/M*, to study how AGN environment depends on these quantities. Further, we derived the M*−Mhalo relation for our sample of XMM-COSMOS AGNs and compared it to results in literature for normal non-active galaxies. We measured the projected two-point correlation function wp(rp) using both the classic and the generalized clustering estimator, based on photometric redshifts, as probability distribution functions in addition to any available spectroscopic redshifts. We measured the large-scale (rp ≳ 1 h−1 Mpc) linear bias b by comparing the clustering signal to that expected of the underlying DM distribution. The bias was then related to the typical mass of the hosting halo Mhalo of our AGN subsamples. Since M* and LX/M* are correlated, we matched the distribution in terms of one quantity and we split the distribution in the other. Results. For the full spectroscopic AGN sample, we measured a typical DM halo mass of log (Mhalo/h−1 M⊙) = 12.79−0.43+0.26, similar to galaxy group environments and in line with previous studies for moderate-luminosity X-ray selected AGN. We find no significant dependence on specific accretion rate LX/M*, with log (Mhalo/h−1 M⊙) = 13.06−0.38+0.23 and log (Mhalo/h−1 M⊙) = 12.97−1.26+0.39 for low and high LX/M* subsamples, respectively. We also find no difference in the hosting halos in terms of M* with log (Mhalo/h−1 M⊙) = 12.93−0.62+0.31 (low) and log (Mhalo/h−1 M⊙) = 12.90−0.62+0.30 (high). By comparing the M*−Mhalo relation derived for XMM-COSMOS AGN subsamples with what is expected for normal non-active galaxies by abundance matching and clustering results, we find that the typical DM halo mass of our high M* AGN subsample is similar to that of non-active galaxies. However, AGNs in our low M* subsample are found in more massive halos than non-active galaxies. By excluding AGNs in galaxy groups from the clustering analysis, we find evidence that the result for low M* may be due to larger fraction of AGNs as satellites in massive halos.

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Helliwell, Michelle. "Maritimes Health Libraries Association (MHLA)". Journal of the Canadian Health Libraries Association / Journal de l'Association des bibliothèques de la santé du Canada 33, n. 3 (22 luglio 2014): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.5596/c12-038.

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Léger, Lori W. "Maritimes Health Libraries Association (MHLA)". Journal of the Canadian Health Libraries Association / Journal de l'Association des bibliothèques de la santé du Canada 33, n. 2 (21 luglio 2014): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5596/c2012-021.

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Quirant-Sánchez, Bibiana, Oriol Plans-Galván, Ester Lucas, Eduard Argudo, Eva María Martinez-Cáceres e Fernando Arméstar. "HLA-DR Expression on Monocytes and Sepsis Index Are Useful in Predicting Sepsis". Biomedicines 11, n. 7 (26 giugno 2023): 1836. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11071836.

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The reduction of mortality in patients with sepsis depends on the early identification and treatment of at-risk patients. The aim was to evaluate the HLA-DR expression on the surface of monocytes (MHLA-DR ratio), the sepsis index (CD64 expression on neutrophils/MHLA-DR ratio), and C-reactive protein (CRP) with the development of sepsis. We prospectively enrolled 77 critically ill patients, 59 with stroke and 18 with traumatic brain injuries. The biomarkers were tested at the baseline and 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 days later. Most patients (71%) developed sepsis (4.2 ± 1.3 days after admission). On day 3, those subsequently developing sepsis had lower levels of MHLA-DR+ (81.7 ± 16.2% vs. 88.5 ± 12.1%, p < 0.05) and higher sepsis indexes (0.19 ± 0.19 vs. 0.08 ± 0.08, p < 0.01) than those not developing sepsis. The MHLA-DR ratio slowly recovered before day 6, while the sepsis index remained raised in septic patients up to day 9 (p < 0.05). To predict the development of sepsis, optimal cut-offs were CRP levels > 106.90 mg/mL (74.19% sensitivity, 69.49 specificity) and MHLA-DR expression rate < 72.80% (45.31% sensitivity, 89.47% specificity). The periodic monitoring of the MHLA-DR expression together with CRP and sepsis index may help to identify patients in the ICU at increased risk of developing sepsis.

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Persic, Massimo, e Paolo Salucci. "Mass decomposition of spiral galaxies from disc kinematics". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 245, n. 4 (15 agosto 1990): 577. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/245.4.577.

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Summary We devise a method for the disc/halo mass decomposition of the rotation curves of spiral galaxies that was outlined by us in a previous paper. Upon application to a larger sample of 58 spirals, we confirm our earlier results. In particular, we find that the disc-to-halo mass ratio at the optical radius, Mdisc/Mhalo, is a strong function of luminosity, Mdisc/Mhalo α LB2/3.

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Sukhwal, Seema, Claire Gordon-Ellis e Luneta Tajblova. "Audit of delays in the diversion of mentally disordered defendants under the Mental Health Act 1983/2007 at a liaison and diversion service in North West London". BJPsych Open 7, S1 (giugno 2021): S352—S353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2021.932.

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AimsTo ascertain the length of time defendants wait for a Mental Health Act assessment (MHAA) and where necessary, how long they are waiting for a hospital bed.BackgroundThe Liaison and Diversion Service in North West London (the Service) is provided by Central North West London Foundation NHS Trust (CNWL), Barnet Enfield Haringey (BEH) and Together to Willesden Magistrates Court in North West London.One of the core activities of the Service is diverting individuals from the criminal justice system to hospital under the Mental Health Act (MHA).The Code of Practice allows for a period of 14 days between the medical recommendation and conveyance to hospital. Defendants needing admission under MHA are remanded to custody if a bed is not available. This prevents them from receiving the assessment and care they need. We consider that all defendants found to be liable to detention under the MHA should be admitted to a hospital bed on the same day.MethodData were collected between October 2018 and February 2019. All patients referred for a MHAA were included. The time a MHAA was requested, took place as well as how long the defendant waited for a bed was noted.ResultA total of 42 MHAA were requested. 25 individuals were detained under Section 2 of the MHA 1983.The time between referral for a MHAA and the MHAA taking place was obtained in 25 of the 42 referrals. The range of times between a referral being made and the assessment taking placed varied between 1.5 hours and 22 hours. Two defendants were remanded overnight in prison as the MHAA could not take place on the same day as the referral.In the 25 cases where an application for detention under Section 2 of the MHA was made, beds were not available on the same day in 7 cases. In 4 cases defendants required remand in prison custody due to beds not being available.ConclusionThere were some limitations to this audit as data were not available for all 42 individuals referred for a MHAA.Individuals referred for MHAA by the Service had both medical recommendations completed within 5 days and those who required admission to hospital were admitted within 14 days of the recommendations being completed.Whilst these standards are being met, individuals referred for MHAA and those requiring admission to hospital are still facing remand to custody.

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Garkushin, Ivan K., Olga V. Lavrenteva e Yana A. Andreeva. "Relationship of the s1-elements halogenides melts specific electric conductivity with alkali metals specific electric conductivity". Butlerov Communications 60, n. 12 (31 dicembre 2019): 116–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-60-12-116.

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The paper presents an analytical description of the relationship of the specific electrical conductivity æ of individual alkali metals haloganides melts (MHal) (M – Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr; Hal – F, Cl, Br, I) and the specific electrical conductivity æ(M) of alkali metal melts for temperatures (Тпл + n) (Tпл – melting temperature K; n = 5, 10, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200° higher melting temperatures of MHal and metals) and the specific electrical conductivity of alkali metals at standard temperature using M.Kh. Karapetyans comparative methods. The relationship of properties æ(MHal при Тпл+n) = f(æ(MHal при Тпл+5)), æ(FrHalТпл+n) = f(æ(FrHalТпл+5°)) is described in the "property-property" coordinates. A comparative analysis of the specific electrical conductivity values of francium haloganides melts obtained by the proposed methods was carried out. The possibility of calculating the electrical conductivity of molten salts from the electrical conductivity of molten metals is shown. It is shown that the equation æ(MHal)0.5 = a + bæ(M)1.5 can be used to calculate the specific electrical conductivity of francium haloganides melts. The calculation of the specific electrical conductivity using various equations shows the consistency of the numerical values obtained.

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Dimitrov, Evgeni, Krasimira Halacheva, Emil Enchev, Georgi Minkov e Yovcho Yovtchev. "The Potential Prognostic Performance of Neutrophil CD64 and Monocyte HLA-DR in Patients with Complicated Intra-abdominal Infections". Current Immunology Reviews 16, n. 1 (22 dicembre 2020): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573395516666200312111456.

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Background: Complicated intra-abdominal infections are still associated with a high risk of an unfavorable outcome. Despite the equal treatment, the mortality rates in some patients’ populations remain significant, especially when the impaired immune response is present. Aim: The object of this research is to analyze the impact of pro-inflammatory neutrophil CD64 and anti-inflammatory monocyte HLA-DR on the final outcome. Methods: We have searched in the PubMed database, the literature relating the prognostic value of two biomarkers - nCD64 and mHLA-DR in patients with complicated intra-abdominal infections and/or sepsis. Results: Eighteen original studies with 2960 patients fulfilled our inclusion criteria. The data about nCD64 that we found was contradictory, whereas low mHLA-DR expression showed good prognostic value. Conclusion : Our review showed heterogeneous data about nCD64 survival prediction. Further investigations with surgical patients exclusively are needed to evaluate its prognostic value in cIAIs. However, we observed a good prognostic performance of low mHLA-DR expression. After a validation in larger multicentre studies, mHLA-DR could be used as promising prognostic biomarker in cIAIs.

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Ng, Teng Jia, Michelle Yee Mun Teo, Dek Shen Liew, Paul Etim Effiong, Jung Shan Hwang, Crystale Siew Ying Lim e Lionel L. A. In. "Cytotoxic and apoptosis-inducing effects of wildtype and mutated Hydra actinoporin-like toxin 1 (HALT-1) on various cancer cell lines". PeerJ 7 (2 maggio 2019): e6639. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6639.

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Background Hydra actinoporin like toxin -1 (HALT-1), is a small 18.5 kDa pore forming toxin derived from Hydra magnipapillata which has been shown to elicit strong haemolytic and cytolytic activity when in contact with cell membranes. Due to its cytotoxic potency, HALT-1 was further investigated for its potential as a toxin moiety candidate in immunotoxin developmental efforts, ideally as a form of targeted therapy against cancer. Methods In this study, wtHALT-1 (wild type) and its Y110A mutated binding domain counterpart (mHALT-1) were produced and evaluated for their cytotoxic and apoptotic effects on various cancer cell lines. A total of seven different tumour and non-tumour cell lines including HeLa, HepG2, SW-620, MCF-7, CCD841CoN, NHDF and HCT116 were used. Immunofluorescence assays were used to observe membrane binding and localization changes between both HALT-1 recombinant proteins based on 6xHis-tag detection. Result Based on MTT data, mHALT-1 demonstrated a significant reduction of 82% ± 12.21% in cytotoxic activity across all cell lines after the membrane recognition domain had been mutated in comparison to the wtHALT-1. Annexin V FITC/PI assay data also indicated that HeLa, HepG2 and MCF-7 demonstrated an apoptosis-mediated cell death after being treated with wtHALT-1. Additionally, a notable difference between wtHALT-1 and mHALT-1 binding affinity was clearly observed where emission of green fluorescence along the cell membrane was observed only in wtHALT-1 treated cells. Discussion These results suggest that mHALT-1 (Y110A) can be potentially developed as a toxin-moiety candidate for the development of future immunotoxins against various human cell-based diseases.

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Bidar, Frank, Maxime Bodinier, Fabienne Venet, Anne-Claire Lukaszewicz, Karen Brengel-Pesce, Filippo Conti, Laurence Quemeneur et al. "Concomitant Assessment of Monocyte HLA-DR Expression and Ex Vivo TNF-α Release as Markers of Adverse Outcome after Various Injuries—Insights from the REALISM Study". Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, n. 1 (24 dicembre 2021): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11010096.

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Intensive care unit (ICU) patients develop an altered host immune response after severe injuries. This response may evolve towards a state of persistent immunosuppression that is associated with adverse clinical outcomes. The expression of human leukocyte antigen DR on circulating monocytes (mHLA-DR) and ex vivo release of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated whole blood are two related biomarkers offered to characterize this phenomenon. The purpose of this study was to concomitantly evaluate the association between mHLA-DR and TNF-α release and adverse clinical outcome (i.e., death or secondary infection) after severe trauma, sepsis or surgery in a cohort of 353 ICU patients. mHLA-DR and TNF-α release was similarly and significantly reduced in patients whatever the type of injury. Persistent decreases in both markers at days 5–7 (post-admission) were significantly associated with adverse outcomes. Overall, mHLA-DR (measured by flow cytometry) appears to be a more robust and standardized parameter. Each marker can be used individually as a surrogate of immunosuppression, depending on center facilities. Combining these two parameters could be of interest to identify the most immunosuppressed patients presenting with a high risk of worsening. This last aspect deserves further exploration.

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Díaz-García, Simón, Heikki Salo e Eija Laurikainen. "The halo-to-stellar mass ratio in the S4G". Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 11, S321 (marzo 2016): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921316009182.

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AbstractWe use 3.6 μm photometry for 1154 disk galaxies (i < 65°) in the S4G (Sheth et al. 2010). We obtain the average stellar component of the circular velocity (Vdisk) and the mean (dark matter) halo-to-stellar mass ratio (Mhalo/M*) inside the optical radius (Ropt) in bins of total stellar mass (M*, from Muñoz-Mateos et al. 2015), providing observational constraints for galaxy formation models to be tested against. We find the Mhalo/M* − M* relation in good agreement with the best-fit model at z ≈ 0 in ΛCDM cosmological simulations (e.g. Moster 2010), assuming that the dark matter halo within Ropt comprises a constant fraction (~ 4%) of its total mass.

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Liu, Shiyu, Wenjuan Luo, Peter Szatmary, Xiaoying Zhang, Jing-Wen Lin, Lu Chen, Dan Liu et al. "Monocytic HLA-DR Expression in Immune Responses of Acute Pancreatitis and COVID-19". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, n. 4 (7 febbraio 2023): 3246. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24043246.

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Acute pancreatitis is a common gastrointestinal disease with increasing incidence worldwide. COVID-19 is a potentially life-threatening contagious disease spread throughout the world, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. More severe forms of both diseases exhibit commonalities with dysregulated immune responses resulting in amplified inflammation and susceptibility to infection. Human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-DR, expressed on antigen-presenting cells, acts as an indicator of immune function. Research advances have highlighted the predictive values of monocytic HLA-DR (mHLA-DR) expression for disease severity and infectious complications in both acute pancreatitis and COVID-19 patients. While the regulatory mechanism of altered mHLA-DR expression remains unclear, HLA-DR−/low monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells are potent drivers of immunosuppression and poor outcomes in these diseases. Future studies with mHLA-DR-guided enrollment or targeted immunotherapy are warranted in more severe cases of patients with acute pancreatitis and COVID-19.

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Aller, Ty B., Elizabeth B. Fauth, Joshua R. Novak e Sarah Schwartz. "Measuring Mental Health Literacy: Development of the Mental Health Awareness and Advocacy Assessment Tool". Journal of MultiDisciplinary Evaluation 17, n. 39 (17 marzo 2021): 15–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.56645/jmde.v17i39.671.

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Background: Mental health literacy programs are a common community-based approach used to address the prevention of mental health issues on college campuses. Current assessment strategies used to evaluate the effectiveness of these programs often lack strong theoretical rational and psychometric rigor. Purpose: The purpose of this study was twofold. First, based upon extant literature, theory, and standard clinical practice, we propose a process-based model of mental health literacy that includes three macro factors—identifying mental health issues, locating empirically based resources, and responding to mental health issues—and three micro processes of how they unfold—acquiring knowledge, building self-efficacy, and applying skills (behavior). The second aim was to test the psychometric properties of a new tool created to evaluate this process-based model—the Mental Health Awareness and Advocacy Assessment Tool (MHAA-AT). Setting: Not applicable. Intervention: Not applicable. Research Design: A national sample of 296 college attending participants were recruited from Amazon’s Mechanical Turk. Participants responded to a demographic questionnaire and the newly developed MHAA-AT. Psychometric properties were examined through item response theory, exploratory factor analyses, and bivariate correlations. Findings: Results suggest the MHAA-AT is a sound measure and demonstrates appropriate item, person, and trait characteristics on declarative knowledge items, and single factor structures on self-efficacy and behavior items with moderate to high reliability and validity. While additional testing is need among other samples, results suggest that the MHAA-AT is a quality assessment tool. Keywords: College students; mental health literacy; item response theory; measurement

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Yadav, Madhura. "Assessment of Urban Growth and Ecological Sustainability: Insights from Mumbai, India". International Society for the Study of Vernacular Settlements 10, n. 8 (10 agosto 2023): 404–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.61275/isvsej-2023-10-08-27.

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This study quantifies the overall impact of urban growth on the ecology of Mumbai by using an Ecological Footprint analysis. Its aim is to help determine the natural resource consumption of existing urban settlements. The objective is to assess the environmental impact resulting from the existing urban layouts on Mumbai's region. The research employs a comparative analysis of footprint and land ratio for different urban layouts of Mumbai. There are different layouts in Mumbai, primarily by MHADA (Maharashtra Housing and 10 Development Authority) & private builders. Footprints and land ratio of these layouts are calculated as per the Development Control Rules of Mumbai. The results are referred to as footprint per capita and land ratio required for the layout. The land ratio is the ratio of land required for the building's total footprint to the actual built-up area of land on which the building is erected. The land ratio is directly proportional to the quantity and type of material used for building. The land ratio required in case of MHADA (Maharashtra Housing and Development authority) layout is almost double than layout by private builders as much more material quantities is required in case of MHADA layout due to more no buildings, and extra FSI utilized i.e., FSI of 2.50 as against 1.33 for private layout. Hence, layouts like private builders shall be preferred for Mumbai city to achieve the region's environmental sustainability.

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Bastian, Nate, Joel Pfeffer, J. M. Diederik Kruijssen, Robert A. Crain, Sebastian Trujillo-Gomez e Marta Reina-Campos. "The globular cluster system mass–halo mass relation in the E-MOSAICS simulations". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 498, n. 1 (19 agosto 2020): 1050–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa2453.

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ABSTRACT Linking globular clusters (GCs) to the assembly of their host galaxies is an overarching goal in GC studies. The inference of tight scaling relations between GC system properties and the mass of both the stellar and dark halo components of their host galaxies are indicative of an intimate physical connection, yet have also raised fundamental questions about how and when GCs form. Specifically, the inferred correlation between the mass of a GC system (MGC) and the dark matter halo mass (Mhalo) of a galaxy has been posited as a consequence of a causal relation between the formation of dark matter mini-haloes and GC formation during the early epochs of galaxy assembly. We present the first results from a new simulation of a cosmological volume (L = 34.4 cMpc on a side) from the E-MOSAICS suite, which includes treatments of the formation and evolution of GCs within the framework of a detailed galaxy formation model. The simulated MGC–Mhalo relation is linear for halo masses >5 × 1011 M⊙, and is driven by the hierarchical assembly of galaxies. Below this halo mass, the simulated relation features a downturn, which we show is consistent with observations, and is driven by the underlying stellar mass–halo mass relation of galaxies. Our fiducial model reproduces the observed MGC–M⋆ relation across the full mass range, which we argue is more physically relevant than the MGC–Mhalo relation. We also explore the physical processes driving the observed constant value of $\hbox{$M_{\rm GC}$}/ \hbox{$M_{\rm halo}$}\sim 5\times 10^{-5}$ and find that it is the result of a combination of cluster formation physics and cluster disruption.

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Chu, Chien-Ming, Chia-Jung Chung, Chih-Yu Huang, Chung-Chieh Yu, Chao-Hung Wang, Li-Fu Li e Huang-Pin Wu. "Serial Increases in Human Leukocyte Antigen-DR Expression and Decreases in Interleukin-10 Expression in Alveolar Monocytes of Survivors of Pneumonia-Related Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome". Biology 11, n. 12 (9 dicembre 2022): 1793. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11121793.

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ARDS is a potentially lethal syndrome. HLA-DR expression in monocytes reflects their activation and antigen-presenting capacity. However, the correlation between clinical outcomes and HLA-DR expression in alveolar monocytes/macrophages in patients with pneumonia-related ARDS remains unclear. Thus, we determined the trends of HLA-DR and cytokine expressions in alveolar monocytes using repeated measurements to answer this question. Thirty-one pneumonia patients with respiratory failure and ARDS without coronavirus disease 2019 between November 2019 and November 2021 were enrolled in our intensive care unit and three without complete data were excluded. Interleukin (IL)-10, IL-12, and HLA-DR expression in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) monocytes were determined on days one and eight. Monocyte HLA-DR expression (mHLA-DR) and CD4 T lymphocytes percentages in BAL cells of survivors increased remarkably after seven days. Monocyte IL-10 expression and monocytes percentages in BAL cells of survivors decreased substantially after seven days. The mHLA-DR was negatively correlated with disease severity scores on day one and eight. In conclusion, serial increases in HLA-DR expression and decreases in IL-10 expression were observed in BAL monocytes of survivors of pneumonia-related ARDS. More studies are needed to confirm this point of view, and then development of a therapeutic agent restoring mHLA-DR and preventing IL-10 production can be considered.

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A., Bouhlal, Chahlaoui A., Bouzid J. e Farhaoui M. "WASTEWATER TREATMENT EFFICIENCY CASE OF OXYLAG WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT, MHAYA (MOROCCO)". International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 5, n. 3 (31 marzo 2017): 167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v5.i3.2017.1764.

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The wastewater from the urban commune of Mhaya (Morocco) was rejected directly into Ben Kazza river without treatment. This situation caused a widespread, massive, varied and insidious pollution of the environment. A wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) has been constructed in 2010 in order to preserve the nature surrounding the center. Called Oxylag, the plant has a nominal capacity of 6000 Equivalent Inhabitants. It is based on intensive treatment and it is considered as pilot and unique in Morocco. The treatment is consisting on three basins ventilated by insufflation of artificial air and a basin of finishing. The present study aim is the assessment of the purification performance of this plant during 2012, through the analysis of the pollution parameters (COD, BOD5 and TSS), which is the subject of the Moroccan standards on the quality of domestic wastewater defined by the decree Number 1607-06 of 25 July 2006. The results show a high purification performance in terms of carbon pollution removal (93% for BOD5, 79% for COD and 64% for TSS).

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González-Platas, Javier, Nebil A. Katcho e Juan Rodríguez-Carvajal. "Extension of Hall symbols of crystallographic space groups to magnetic space groups". Journal of Applied Crystallography 54, n. 1 (1 febbraio 2021): 338–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600576720015897.

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The Hall symbols for describing unambiguously the generators of space groups have been extended to describe any setting of the 1651 types of magnetic space groups (Shubnikov groups). A computer program called MHall has been developed for parsing the Hall symbols, generating the full list of symmetry operators and identifying the transformation to the standard setting.

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Liu, Hui, Xuan Du, Yinkui Chen, Li Xuan, Xiuli Wu, Yu Zhang, Zhiping Fan et al. "Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor-Mediated Immunoregulation Via Inducing Blood Cells Expressing Human Leucocyte Antigen-G." Blood 120, n. 21 (16 novembre 2012): 3051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v120.21.3051.3051.

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Abstract Abstract 3051 Background Peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs) obtained from granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)-mobilized donors have been used more frequently than bone marrow stem cells as the source of cells in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Although G-CSF–mobilized PBSC grafts contain more mature T cells than bone marrow cell grafts, the incidence and severity of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) were not elevated. G-CSF-induced immune tolerance might be via inducing T helper type 2 (Th2) polarization, the promotion of regulatory T cell and tolerogenic dendritic cell (DC) differentiation. However, these mechanisms are not fully understood. Human leucocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) is a tolerogenic molecule which participates in the regulation of immune response. In this study, to explore the mechanisms of G-CSF-induced immunoregulation, the effect of G-CSF on blood cells expressing HLA-G was studied. Methods Membrane-bound HLA-G (mHLA-G) was detected using flow cytometry analysis; soluble HLA-G (sHLA-G), interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin 10 (IL-10) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); HLA-Gpos cells were isolated using flow cytometry, and mixed leukocytes reaction (MLR) was carried out to assess the suppressive effect of HLA-Gpos cells. Results CD3+CD4+ T cells, CD3+CD8+ T cells, CD19+ cells and CD14+ cells all expressed mHLA-G in peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow (BM) from 18 healthy donors before and after G-CSF mobilization. The levels of sHLA-G and mHLA-G on these cells in PB and BM all increased significantly after G-CSF mobilization (all P<0.05). The levels of sHLA-G and mHLA-G on these cells in BM were all higher than that in PB, including before and after G-CSF mobilization (all P<0.05). Bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMCs) were stimulated with G-CSF in vitro, and the levels of mHLA-G on these cells and sHLA-G in culture supernatant all increased significantly after BMMCs cultivated with G-CSF for 24 hours (all P<0.001). In addition, the levels of IFN-γ and IL-10 also elevated in culture supernatant (both P<0.05). Antibodies blocking experiments for IL-10 and IFN-γ showed that IL-10 and IFN-γ were not necessary for G-CSF-induced HLA-G expression of blood cells. The results of MLR showed that HLA-Gpos cells were able to suppress the proliferation of allogeneic lymphocytes. Conclusion G-CSF could directly induce blood cells expressing HLA-G, which might be another mechanism of G-CSF-mediated immunoregulation in G-CSF–mobilized PBSC transplants. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Tran Tat Thang e Hoang Dinh Canh. "DETERMINATION OF NCD64, MHLA-DR, AND SI IN FULL-TERM NEWBORNS WITH SEPSIS AT VIETNAM NATIONAL CHILDREN’S HOSPITAL (2019 - 2021)". JOURNAL OF CONTROL VACCINES AND BIOLOGICALS 3, n. 3 (21 settembre 2023): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.56086/jcvb.v3i3.105.

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The study was conducted to determine the role of nCD64, mHLA-DR and SI in the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis. The study was designed using experimental descriptive research method at the laboratory. Mean values of nCD64, mHLA-DR and SI in full-term newborns with sepsis were 10167.1 ± 6136.9 molecules/cell, 9898.4 ± 14173,9 molecules/ cell, and 274.6 ± 287.5 respectively. SI and nCD64 had high values in the diagnosis of sepsis in full-term newborns (AUC = 0.8, p < 0.01), higher than that of CRP, platelets and white blood cells. The sensitivity and specificity of SI at the SI cut-off point > 29.1 were 95.1% and 41.2%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of nCD64 at the nCD64 cut-off point 5004 were 88.2% and 44.5%, respectively. SI and nCD64 are highly valuable in the diagnosis of sepsis in full-term newborns (AUC = 8, p < 0.01).

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Shido, Fumi, Tomomi Ito, Seiji Nomura, Eiko Yamamoto, Seiji Sumigama, Kazuhiko Ino, Atsuo Itakura et al. "Endoplasmic Reticulum Aminopeptidase-1 Mediates Leukemia Inhibitory Factor-Induced Cell Surface Human Leukocyte Antigen-G Expression in JEG-3 Choriocarcinoma Cells". Endocrinology 147, n. 4 (1 aprile 2006): 1780–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2005-1449.

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Maternal immune tolerance is required for extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs) to invade the decidua without rejection. Endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase-1 (ERAP1) generates human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I-adapted antigenic peptides, but its function in trophoblasts lacking classical HLA class I molecules remains undetermined. Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is produced from decidua during the implantation period and plays a necessary role in establishing pregnancy. This study is intended to investigate the location and the function of ERAP1 in trophoblastic cells, focusing on LIF. Immunohistochemistry showed strong ERAP1 expression in cultured EVTs. In choriocarcinoma cell lines used as a model for trophoblasts, ERAP1 was expressed more intensively in JEG-3 than BeWo cells. Immunoblot analysis and immunocytochemistry localized ERAP1 to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in JEG-3 cells. Flow cytometry with HLA-G antibody to monitor the supply of antigenic peptides presenting to HLA-G in the ER showed that reducing ERAP1 transcripts by RNA interference did not affect cell surface expression of membrane HLA-G1 (mHLA-G1) in JEG-3 cells under basal conditions. In LIF-treated JEG-3 cells, cell surface mHLA-G1 expression was increased along with ERAP1 protein and promoter activities. In contrast to nonstimulated cells, eliminating ERAP1 from LIF-treated JEG-3 cells reduced the cell surface mHLA-G1 expression and soluble HLA-G1 secretion. This study provides the first evidence showing that ERAP1 is localized in the ER of trophoblasts and is involved in regulating cell surface HLA-G expression in the presence of LIF. Consequently, ERAP1 would function to present antigenic peptides to HLA-G in trophoblasts.

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Lazar, Alexandres, James S. Bullock, Michael Boylan-Kolchin, T. K. Chan, Philip F. Hopkins, Andrew S. Graus, Andrew Wetzel et al. "A dark matter profile to model diverse feedback-induced core sizes of ΛCDM haloes". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 497, n. 2 (17 luglio 2020): 2393–417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa2101.

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ABSTRACT We analyse the cold dark matter density profiles of 54 galaxy haloes simulated with Feedback In Realistic Environments (FIRE)-2 galaxy formation physics, each resolved within $0.5{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of the halo virial radius. These haloes contain galaxies with masses that range from ultrafaint dwarfs ($M_\star \simeq 10^{4.5}\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$) to the largest spirals ($M_\star \simeq 10^{11}\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$) and have density profiles that are both cored and cuspy. We characterize our results using a new, analytic density profile that extends the standard two-parameter Einasto form to allow for a pronounced constant density core in the resolved innermost radius. With one additional core-radius parameter, rc, this three-parameter core-Einasto profile is able to characterize our feedback-impacted dark matter haloes more accurately than other three-parameter profiles proposed in the literature. To enable comparisons with observations, we provide fitting functions for rc and other profile parameters as a function of both M⋆ and M⋆/Mhalo. In agreement with past studies, we find that dark matter core formation is most efficient at the characteristic stellar-to-halo mass ratio M⋆/Mhalo ≃ 5 × 10−3, or $M_{\star } \sim 10^9 \, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$, with cores that are roughly the size of the galaxy half-light radius, rc ≃ 1−5 kpc. Furthermore, we find no evidence for core formation at radii $\gtrsim 100\ \rm pc$ in galaxies with M⋆/Mhalo < 5 × 10−4 or $M_\star \lesssim 10^6 \, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$. For Milky Way-size galaxies, baryonic contraction often makes haloes significantly more concentrated and dense at the stellar half-light radius than DMO runs. However, even at the Milky Way scale, FIRE-2 galaxy formation still produces small dark matter cores of ≃ 0.5−2 kpc in size. Recent evidence for a ∼2 kpc core in the Milky Way’s dark matter halo is consistent with this expectation.

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Teo, Michelle Yee Mun, Jeremy Jeack Ceen Ng, Jung Yin Fong, Jung Shan Hwang, Adelene Ai-Lian Song, Renee Lay Hong Lim e Lionel Lian Aun In. "Development of a single-chain fragment variable fused-mutant HALT-1 recombinant immunotoxin against G12V mutated KRAS colorectal cancer cells". PeerJ 9 (15 aprile 2021): e11063. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11063.

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Background KRAS oncogenes harboring codon G12 and G13 substitutions are considered gatekeeper mutations which drive oncogenesis in many cancers. To date, there are still no target-specific vaccines or drugs available against this genotype, thus reinforcing the need towards the development of targeted therapies such as immunotoxins. Methods This study aims to develop a recombinant anti-mKRAS scFv-fused mutant Hydra actinoporin-like-toxin-1 (mHALT-1) immunotoxin that is capable of recognizing and eradicating codon-12 mutated k-ras antigen abnormal cells. One G13D peptide mimotope (164-D) and one G12V peptide mimotope (68-V) were designed to elicit antigen specific IgG titres against mutated K-ras antigens in immunised Balb/c mice. The RNA was extracted from splenocytes following ELISA confirmation on post-immunized mice sera and was reverse transcribed into cDNA. The scFv combinatorial library was constructed from cDNA repertoire of variable regions of heavy chain (VH) and light chain (VL) fusions connected by a flexible glycine-serine linker, using splicing by overlap extension PCR (SOE-PCR). Anti-mKRAS G12V and G13D scFvs were cloned in pCANTAB5E phagemid and superinfected with helper phage. After few rounds of bio-panning, a specific mKRAS G12V and G13D scFv antibody against G12V and G13D control mimotope was identified and confirmed using ELISA without any cross-reactivity with other mimotopes or controls. Subsequently, the anti-mKRAS scFv was fused to mHALT-1 using SOE-PCR and cloned in pET22b vector. Expressed recombinant immunotoxins were analyzed for their effects on cell proliferation by the MTT assay and targeted specificity by cell-based ELISA on KRAS-positive and KRAS-negative cancer cells. Results The VH and VL genes from spleen RNA of mice immunized with 164-D and 68-V were amplified and randomly linked together, using SOE-PCR producing band sizes about 750 bp. Anti-mKRAS G12V and G13D scFvs were constructed in phagemid pCANTAB5E vectors with a library containing 3.4 × 106 and 2.9 × 106 individual clones, respectively. After three rounds of bio-panning, the anti-mKRAS G12V-34 scFv antibody against G12V control mimotope was identified and confirmed without any cross-reactivity with other controls using ELISA. Anti-mKRAS G12V-34 scFv fragment was fused to mHALT-1 toxin and cloned in pET22b vector with expression as inclusion bodies in E. coli BL21(DE3) (molecular weight of ~46.8 kDa). After successful solubilization and refolding, the mHALT-1-scFv immunotoxin exhibited cytotoxic effects on SW-480 colorectal cancer cells with IC50 of 25.39 μg/mL, with minimal cytotoxicity effect on NHDF cells. Discussion These results suggested that the development of such immunotoxins is potentially useful as an immunotherapeutic application against KRAS-positive malignancies.

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Liu, Qifa, Yinkui Chen, Xiuli Wu, Xuan Du, Rui Li, Zhiping Fan, Li Xuan e Jing Sun. "Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Induces High Expression of HLA-G In CD3+CD4+ T Lymphocytes and CD3+CD8+ T Lymphocytes". Blood 116, n. 21 (19 novembre 2010): 4870. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v116.21.4870.4870.

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Abstract Abstract 4870 Background and objectives: Human leukocyte antigen –G (HLA–G) is a nonclassic HLA class I molecule and has the immunosuppressive activity. We investigate the effects of Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) on the expression and secretion level of HLA-G in peripheral blood and bone marrow cells, and attempt to explain the mechanism of the low incidence of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in G-CSF-primed bone marrow (G-BM) or peripheral blood stem cells (G-PBSC) transplantation. Methods: Bone marrow and peripheral blood cells of 10 donors were collected pre-mobilization and at day 5 after G-CSF mobilization. Flow cytometry was used to detect the expression of membrane-bound HLA-G (mHLA-G) of CD3+CD4+ T lymphocytes, CD3+CD8+ T lymphocytes, CD19+ B lymphocytes, CD56+ NK cell, CD14+ monocytes and CD33+ granulocytes. The levels of soluble HLA-G (sHLA-G) and cytokine were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Bone marrow cells and peripheral blood cells of pre-mobilization were incubated for 24h, which are divided into 5 groups: (a) blank group, (b) with G-CSF, (c) with G-CSF and blocking antibody of IL-10, (d) with G-CSF and blocking antibody of IFN-γ, (e) with G-CSF, blocking antibody of IL-10 and blocking antibody of IFN-γ. Results: The levels of mHLA-G of CD3+CD4+ lymphocytes, CD3+CD8+ lymphocytes and the levels of sHLA-G at day 5 after G-CSF mobilization groups were significantly higher than the pre-mobilization groups both in bone marrow and peripheral blood cells, especially in CD3+CD8+ lymphocytes. The levels of mHLA-G of CD19+ B lymphocytes, CD56+ NK cells, CD14+ monocytes and CD33+ granulocytes had no significant difference in the two groups. The levels of IL-10 or IFN-γ in plasma of bone marrow or peripheral blood at day 5 after G-CSF mobilization groups were much higher than the pre-mobilization groups. The levels of mHLA-G of CD3+CD4+ lymphocytes, CD3+CD8+ lymphocytes and the levels of sHLA-G in bone marrow cells or peripheral blood cells incubating with G-CSF for 24h were significantly higher than the groups without incubating with G-CSF. And the blocking antibody of IL-10 or the blocking antibody of IFN-γ could not reduce the expression levels of mHLA-G and sHLA-G in vitro. Conclusion: G-CSF can act on cells directly to increase the expression levels of HLA-G in CD3+CD4+ T lymphocytes and CD3+CD8+ T lymphocytes. It might be assciated with the low incidence of GVHD in G-BM transplantation or G-PBSC transplantation. Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (30971300), Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province of China (2009A030200007) and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (200902332, 20080440776). Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Tassara, Michela, Konstanze Döhner, Christine Schöpflin, Anke Schmid, Heinz A. Horst, Gerhard Held, Marie Lilienfeld-Toal et al. "Prospective Evaluation of Immunophenotype In Correlation to Genotype In Previously Untreated Adult Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia In the Context of the WHO Classification". Blood 116, n. 21 (19 novembre 2010): 1693. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v116.21.1693.1693.

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Abstract Abstract 1693 Background: The WHO 2008 classification of hematological malignancies defines distinct acute myeloid leukemia (AML) entities based on cytogenetic and molecular characteristics. However, immunophenotypotyping and morphology are still essential for rapid and correct diagnosis and for guidance of initial treatment, which in the future will be more and more genotype-specific. Although associations between phenotype and genotype have been described, correlations were evaluated mostly in retrospective studies not considering more recently identified gene mutations. Aims: To identify correlations between genotype and phenotype in adult AML. Methods: Immunophenotyping, cytogenetics and molecular analyses were performed centrally within the diagnostic screening procedure of a prospective multicenter phase III treatment trial for patients with AML aged 18 to 59 years. A total of 270 samples were analysed. The antibody panel for immunophenotyping was based on the recommendations of the German network of competence chronic and acute leukemias and the WHO-2008 classification. Results: AML with NPM1 mutation (NPM1mut) were characterized by higher expression of membrane-bound (m) CD33 (98% vs. 83%, p<0.0001), mCD11b (90% vs. 36%, p<0.0001) and mCD184 (90% vs. 37%, p<0.0001), whereas mCD34 (14% vs. 82%, p<0.0001), cytoplasmatic (c) CD34 (25% vs. 85%, p<0.0001), mHLA-DR (70% vs. 85%, p=0.001), mCD117 (66% vs. 86%, p<0.0001), and mCD133 (8% vs. 40%, p<0.0001) were significantly lower expressed compared with NPMwt AML. In AML with NPM1mut, the presence of an activating FLT3 mutation was associated with higher mCD34 (22% vs. 3% p=0.014), cCD34 (33% vs. 13% p=0.03) and lower mCD61 (11% vs. 31% p=0.03) and mCD42b (0% vs. 14% p=0.04) expression. AML carrying a CEBPA double-allelic mutation (double-CEBPAmut) was characterized by higher expression of mCD34 (100% vs. 56%, p<0.0001), cCD34 (100% vs. 62%, p=0.001), mCD117 (100% vs. 79%, p=0.003) and of the lymphoid-associated antigen mCD7 (93% vs. 27% p<0.0001) compared to single-CEBPAmut and CEBPAwt. This phenotype was strongly related to double-CEBPAmut (chi square test p<0.0001) but not to AML with single-CEBPAmut. AML with t(8;21) presented with a characteristic phenotype consisting of high cCD34 (100% vs. 62%, p=0.0009), mCD34 (100% vs.56% p=0.0001), mHLA-DR (100% vs.63% p=0.02), mCD117 (100 vs. 78%, p=0.03), and lymphoid-associated antigens mCD19 (76% vs. 2% p<0.00001) and mCD56 (64% vs.11% p< 0.00001) expression. AML with inv(16) or t(16;16) had higher expression of cMPO (100% vs. 88%, p=0.02), mCD34 (90% vs 60%, p=0.0002), cCD34 (86% vs. 65%, p=0.01) and mHLA-DR (96% vs. 81%, p=0.01), whereas lymphoid antigens and platelet-associated antigens were significantly lower expressed (mCD56, 0% vs. 17%, p=0.01; mCD7 3% vs. 35%, p=0.0002; mCD61, 0% vs. 20%, p=0.003; mCD41, 9% vs. 38%, p=0.008; mCD42b, 0% vs. 9%, p=0.04). The associations of specific phenotypes to genotypes were as follows: i) cMPOpos/mCD19pos/cCD34pos/mCD34pos/mCD117pos/mHLA-DRpos to t(8;21) (p<0.0001; sensitivity, 76%; specificity, 99%); ii) cMPOpos/mCD7pos/mCD34pos/cCD34pos/mCD117pos to double-CEBPAmut (p<0.0001; sensitivity, 94%; specificity, 90%); iii) cMPOpos/mCD33pos/mCD34neg/mHLA-DRneg to NPM1mut or acute promyelocytic leukemia exhibiting a t(15;17) (p<0.0001; sensitivity, 20%; specificity, 98%); iv) cMPOpos/cCD34pos/mCD34pos/mHLA-DRpos/mCD56neg/mCD7neg/mCD61neg/mCD41neg to inv(16) (p<0.0001; sensitivity, 75%; specificity, 91%). Conclusions: The present study shows strong associations between specific immunophenotype patterns and genotypes in AML, which might be useful for daily clinical practice and future genotype-specific treatment. Disclosures: Salih: Pfizer: Research Funding. Döhner:Pfizer: Research Funding. Schlenk:Celgene, Pfizer, Novartis, Amgen, Cephalon: Research Funding.

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Jang, In Sung, Roelof S. de Jong, Benne W. Holwerda, Antonela Monachesi, Eric F. Bell e Jeremy Bailin. "Tracing the anemic stellar halo of M 101". Astronomy & Astrophysics 637 (maggio 2020): A8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201936994.

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Models of galaxy formation in a cosmological context predict that massive disk galaxies should have structured extended stellar halos. Recent studies in integrated light, however, report that a few galaxies, including the nearby disk galaxy M 101, have no measurable stellar halos to the detection limit. We aim to quantify the stellar content and structure of M 101’s outskirts by resolving its stars. We present the photometry of its stars based on deep F606W and F814W images taken with Hubble Space Telescope (HST) as part of the GHOSTS survey. The HST fields are placed along the east and west sides of M 101 out to galactocentric distance (R) of ∼70 kpc. The constructed color-magnitude diagrams of stars reach down to two magnitudes below the tip of the red giant branch. We derived radial number density profiles of the bright red giant branch (RGB) stars. The mean color of the RGB stars at R ∼ 40−60 kpc is similar to those of metal-poor globular clusters in the Milky Way. We also derived radial surface brightness profiles using the public image data provided by the Dragonfly team. Both the radial number density and surface brightness profiles were converted to radial mass density profiles and combined. We find that the mass density profiles show a weak upturn at the very outer region, where surface brightness is as faint as μg ≈ 33 mag arcsec−2. An exponential disk + power-law halo model on the mass density profiles finds the total stellar halo mass of Mhalo = 8.2−2.2+3.5 × 107 M⊙. The total stellar halo mass does not exceed Mhalo = 3.2 × 108 M⊙ when strongly truncated disk models are considered. In combining the halo mass with the total stellar mass of M 101, we obtain the stellar halo mass fraction of Mhalo/Mgal = 0.20−0.08+0.10% with an upper limit of 0.78%. We compare the halo properties of M 101 with those of six GHOSTS survey galaxies as well as the Milky Way and M 31 and find that M 101 has an anemic stellar halo similar to the Milky Way.

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Tawfik, Dina M., Laurence Vachot, Adeline Bocquet, Fabienne Venet, Thomas Rimmelé, Guillaume Monneret, Sophie Blein et al. "Immune Profiling Panel: A Proof-of-Concept Study of a New Multiplex Molecular Tool to Assess the Immune Status of Critically Ill Patients". Journal of Infectious Diseases 222, Supplement_2 (21 luglio 2020): S84—S95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaa248.

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Abstract Background Critical illness such as sepsis is a life-threatening syndrome defined as a dysregulated host response to infection and is characterized by patients exhibiting impaired immune response. In the field of diagnosis, a gap still remains in identifying the immune profile of critically ill patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). Methods A new multiplex immune profiling panel (IPP) prototype was assessed for its ability to semiquantify messenger RNA immune-related markers directly from blood, using the FilmArray System, in less than an hour. Samples from 30 healthy volunteers were used for the technical assessment of the IPP tool. Then the tool was clinically assessed using samples from 10 healthy volunteers and 20 septic shock patients stratified using human leukocyte antigen–DR expression on monocytes (mHLA-DR). Results The IPP prototype consists of 16 biomarkers that target the immune response. The majority of the assays had a linear expression with different RNA inputs and a coefficient of determination (R2) > 0.8. Results from the IPP pouch were comparable to standard quantitative polymerase chain reaction and the assays were within the limits of agreement in Bland–Altman analysis. Quantification cycle values of the target genes were normalized against reference genes and confirmed to account for the different cell count and technical variability. The clinical assessment of the IPP markers demonstrated various gene modulations that could distinctly differentiate 3 profiles: healthy volunteers, intermediate mHLA-DR septic shock patients, and low mHLA-DR septic shock patients. Conclusions The use of IPP showed great potential for the development of a fully automated, rapid, and easy-to-use immune profiling tool. The IPP tool may be used in the future to stratify critically ill patients in the ICU according to their immune status. Such stratification will enable personalized management of patients and guide treatments to avoid secondary infections and lower mortality.

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Gouel-Chéron, Aurélie, Bernard Allaouchiche, Bernard Floccard, Thomas Rimmelé e Guillaume Monneret. "Early daily mHLA-DR monitoring predicts forthcoming sepsis in severe trauma patients". Intensive Care Medicine 41, n. 12 (10 settembre 2015): 2229–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00134-015-4045-1.

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40

Hartley, William G., Omar Almaini, Alice Mortlock e Chris Conselice. "The emergence of the red sequence at z~2 seen through galaxy clustering in the UKIDSS UDS". Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 8, S295 (agosto 2012): 105–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921313004456.

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AbstractWe use the UKIDSS Ultra-Deep Survey, the deepest degree-scale near-infrared survey to date, to investigate the clustering of star-forming and passive galaxies to z ~ 3.5. Our new measurements include the first determination of the clustering for passive galaxies at z > 2, which we achieve using a cross-correlation technique. We find that passive galaxies are the most strongly clustered, typically hosted by massive dark matter halos with Mhalo > 1013 M⊙ irrespective of redshift or stellar mass. Our findings are consistent with models in which a critical halo mass determines the transition from star-forming to passive galaxies.

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Cloet-Osselaer, A., S. De Rijcke, J. Schroyen e V. Dury. "The degeneracy between star formation parameters in dwarf galaxy simulations and the Mstar-Mhalo relation". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 423, n. 1 (1 maggio 2012): 735–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.20913.x.

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Monneret, Guillaume, Alain Lepape e Fabienne Venet. "A dynamic view of mHLA-DR expression in management of severe septic patients". Critical Care 15, n. 5 (2011): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/cc10452.

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43

Rizzo, Roberta, Nicola Malagutti, Daria Bortolotti, Valentina Gentili, Antonella Rotola, Enrico Fainardi, Teresa Pezzolo et al. "Infection and HLA-G Molecules in Nasal Polyposis". Journal of Immunology Research 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/407430.

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Sinonasal polyposis (SNP) is a chronic inflammatory pathology with an unclear aetiopathogenesis. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is one candidate for the development of SNP for its epithelial cell trophism, hyperproliferative effect, and the induction of immune-modulatory molecules as HLA-G. We enrolled 10 patients with SNP without concomitant allergic diseases (SNP-WoAD), 10 patients with SNP and suffering from allergic diseases (SNP-WAD), and 10 control subjects who underwent rhinoplasty. We analyzed the presence of high- and low-risk HPV DNA and the expression of membrane HLA-G (mHLA-G) and IL-10 receptor (IL-10R) and of soluble HLA-G (sHLA-G) and IL-10 by polyp epithelial cells. The results showed the presence of HPV-11 in 50% of SNP-WoAD patients (OR:5.5), all characterized by a relapsing disease. HPV-11 infection was absent in nonrelapsing SNP-WoAD patients, in SNP-WAD patients and in controls, supporting the hypothesis that HPV-11 increases risk of relapsing disease. HPV-11 positive SNP-WoAD patients presented with mHLA-G and IL-10R on epithelial cells from nasal polyps and showed secretion of sHLA-G and IL-10 in culture supernatants. No HLA-G expression was observed in HPV negative polyps. These data highlight new aspects of polyposis aetiopathogenesis and suggest HPV-11 and HLA-G/IL-10 presence as prognostic markers in the follow-up of SNP-WoAD.

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Unterwalder, Nadine, Christian Meisel, Konstantinos Savvatis, Ben Hammoud, Christina Fotopoulou, Hans-Dieter Volk, Petra Reinke e Joerg C. Schefold. "High-Mobility Group Box-1 Protein Serum Levels Do Not Reflect Monocytic Function in Patients with Sepsis-Induced Immunosuppression". Mediators of Inflammation 2010 (2010): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/745724.

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Background. High-mobility group box-1 (HMGB-1) protein is released during “late sepsis” by activated monocytes. We investigated whether systemic HMGB-1 levels are associated with indices of monocytic activation/function in patients with sepsis-induced immunosuppression.Methodology. 36 patients (31 male,64±14years) with severe sepsis/septic shock and monocytic deactivation (reduced mHLA-DR expression and TNF-αrelease) were assessed in a subanalysis of a placebo-controlled immunostimulatory trial using GM-CSF. HMGB-1 levels were assessed over a 9-day treatment interval. Data were compared to standardized biomarkers of monocytic immunity (mHLA-DR expression, TNF-αrelease).Principle findings. HMGB-1 levels were enhanced in sepsis but did not differ between treatment and placebo groups at baseline (14.6±13.5versus12.5±11.5ng/ml,P=.62). When compared to controls, HMGB-1 level increased transiently in treated patients at day 5 (27.8±21.7versus11.0±14.9,P=.01). Between group differences were not noted at any other point of assessment. HMGB-1 levels were not associated with markers of monocytic function or clinical disease severity.Conclusions. GM-CSF treatment for sepsis-induced immunosuppression induces a moderate but only transient increase in systemic HMGB-1 levels. HMGB-1 levels should not be used for monitoring of monocytic function in immunostimulatory trials as they do not adequately portray contemporary changes in monocytic immunity.

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Roberts, Daniella M., Anna M. Nierenberg e Annika H. G. Peter. "The luminosity functions and redshift evolution of satellites of low-mass galaxies in the COSMOS survey". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 502, n. 1 (11 gennaio 2021): 1205–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab069.

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ABSTRACT The satellite populations of the Milky Way, and Milky Way mass galaxies in the local Universe, have been extensively studied to constrain dark matter and galaxy evolution physics. Recently, there has been a shift to studying satellites of hosts with stellar masses between that of the Large Magellanic Cloud and the Milky Way, since they can provide further insight on hierarchical structure formation, environmental effects on satellites, and the nature of dark matter. Most work is focused on the Local Volume, and little is still known about low-mass host galaxies at higher redshift. To improve our understanding of the evolution of satellite populations of low-mass hosts, we study satellite galaxy populations as a function of host stellar mass 9.5 < log (M*/M⊙) < 10.5 and redshifts 0.1 < $z$ < 0.8 in the COSMOS survey, making this the first study of satellite systems of low-mass hosts across half the age of the universe. We find that the satellite populations of low-mass host galaxies, which we measure down to satellite masses equivalent to the Fornax dwarf spheroidal satellite of the Milky Way, remain mostly unchanged through time. We observe a weak dependence between host stellar mass and number of satellites per host, which suggests that the stellar masses of the hosts are in the power-law regime of the stellar mass to halo mass relation (M*–Mhalo) for low-mass galaxies. Finally, we test the constraining power of our measured cumulative luminosity function to calculate the low-mass end slope of the M*–Mhalo relation. These new satellite luminosity function measurements are consistent with Lamda cold dark matter predictions.

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Griffin, Andrew J., Cedric G. Lacey, Violeta Gonzalez-Perez, Claudia del P. Lagos, Carlton M. Baugh e Nikos Fanidakis. "AGNs at the cosmic dawn: predictions for future surveys from a ΛCDM cosmological model". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 492, n. 2 (11 gennaio 2020): 2535–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa024.

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ABSTRACT Telescopes to be launched over the next decade and a half, such as JWST, EUCLID, ATHENA, and Lynx, promise to revolutionize the study of the high-redshift Universe and greatly advance our understanding of the early stages of galaxy formation. We use a model that follows the evolution of the masses and spins of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) within a semi-analytic model of galaxy formation to make predictions for the active galactic nucleus luminosity function at $z$ ≥ 7 in the broadband filters of JWST and EUCLID at near-infrared wavelengths, and ATHENA and Lynx at X-ray energies. The predictions of our model are relatively insensitive to the choice of seed black hole mass, except at the lowest luminosities (Lbol < 1043 erg s−1) and the highest redshifts ($z$ > 10). We predict that surveys with these different telescopes will select somewhat different samples of SMBHs, with EUCLID unveiling the most massive, highest accretion rate SMBHs, Lynx the least massive, lowest accretion rate SMBHs, and JWST and ATHENA covering objects inbetween. At $z$ = 7, we predict that typical detectable SMBHs will have masses, MBH ∼ 105–8 M⊙, and Eddington normalized mass accretion rates, $\dot{M}/\dot{M}_{\mathrm{Edd}}\sim 0.6{-}2$. The SMBHs will be hosted by galaxies of stellar mass M⋆ ∼ 108–10 M⊙, and dark matter haloes of mass Mhalo ∼ 1011–12 M⊙. We predict that the detectable SMBHs at $z$ = 10 will have slightly smaller black holes, accreting at slightly higher Eddington normalized mass accretion rates, in slightly lower mass host galaxies compared to those at $z$ = 7, and reside in haloes of mass Mhalo ∼ 1010–11 M⊙.

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Du, Xuan, Xiuli Wu, Rui Li, Zhiping Fan, Yu Zhang e Qifa Liu. "The Role of Human Leukocyte Antigen G in Inducing Immune Tolerance After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation." Blood 114, n. 22 (20 novembre 2009): 4478. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v114.22.4478.4478.

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Abstract Abstract 4478 Background and Objective Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is now applied widely for the treatment of hematological or non-hematological malignancies, aplastic anemia and hereditary diseases. Recently, a protocol for haploidentical allo-HSCT that combines granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) primed bone marrow (G-BM) and peripheral blood stem cells (G-PBSC) without in vitro T-cell depletion received great success. But the mechanism of G-CSF inducing immunotolerance in haploidentical-HSCT has not yet been clarified. Human leucocyte antigen G (HLA-G) is a nonclassical HLA class I molecule, the tolerogenic role of HLA-G is highly supported in pregnancy immunization, tumor immune escape and organ transplant. Because HLA-G closely related to immunotolerance, we investigate the role of HLA-G in inducing immune tolerance after allo-HSCT and the effects of G-CSF on the expression and secretion level of HLA-G. Methods Flow cytometry was used to detect the expression of membrane-bound HLA-G (mHLA-G) on donor peripheral blood cells (PBC) or bone marrow (BM) cells. The levels of soluble HLA-G (sHLA-G) in the plasma and bone marrow fluid were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In vitro, the expression and secretion level of HLA-G in bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMCs) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) after G-CSF stimulated were detected by flow cytometry and ELISA, respectively; Separated T lymphocytes which expressed high level of HLA-G were cultured with allogeneic T lymphocytes and relative response index (RPI) was measured with MTT assay; Furthermore, separated T lymphocytes were cultured with allogeneic BMMCs and the levels of IFN-γ and IL-10 in culture supernatant were determined by ELISA. Results The mean level of mHLA-G after G-CSF mobilization in the PBC or BM cells was significantly higher than that before G-CSF mobilization (P<0.05). The level of mHLA-G or sHLA-G in BM cells was higher than that in PBC after G-CSF mobilization (P<0.05). The level of mHLA-G or sHLA-G in BMMCs or PBSCs which were stimulated by G-CSF was higher than that of the controls (P<0.05), and the level of HLA-G in BMMCs was higher than that in PBSCs. HLA-G predominant expressed in CD3+ T cells; The results of allogeneic mixed lymphocyte culture revealed that immunological function of the separated T lymphocytes which expressed high level of HLA-G was inhibited (RPI: 54.3%). The separated T lymphocytes co-cultured with allogeneic BMMCs, the levels of IFN-γ and IL-10 in culture supernatant were significantly higher than the controls (P<0.05). Conclusions HLA-G is rich in G-BM that might be interpret G-BM could induce better immunotolerance than G-PBSC. The G-CSF could regulate HLA-G expression and secretion directly. The mechanism of G-CSF inducing immunotolerance might be related to the inhibition of allogeneic T cell reactivity and the increase of IFN-γ and IL-10 secretion through HLA-G. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Mony, Ullas, Sanju S, Paresh Jain, Sugavanan K, Agnes Sebastian, Theertha M, Neeraj Sidharthan e Praveen K. Varma. "Detection of Dysregulated Host Response By Flow Cytometry May Pre-Empt Early Diagnosis of Sepsis after Cardiac Surgery". Blood 134, Supplement_1 (13 novembre 2019): 4863. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-129782.

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INTRODUCTION Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by dysregulated host response to infection. Early detection of sepsis is very crucial in its management, as there is an increase of 8% mortality for every hour delay in commencing therapy (Kumar et al., 2006). A wide variety of diagnostic techniques proposed, could not be clinically translated due to poor sensitivity & specificity, high levels of heterogeneity and complexity of assay preparation. Currently most clinical settings depend on Procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP) for diagnosis, which also lack sensitivity and specificity. The objective of our study was early detection of sepsis in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Blood stream infection, confirmed by blood culture (the gold standard), requires large turnaround time and is less sensitive here due to prophylactic antibiotics. SOFA score overestimate the probability of sepsis due to the impaired cardiovascular parameters and inotrope support (Howitt et al., 2018). The Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) criteria to detect sepsis need positive blood culture to identify sepsis within the first 48 hours post-surgery. Since none of the above can cater early diagnosis, the most appropriate way is to target dysregulated host response. It has been reported that increased expression of CD64, on neutrophil surface (nCD64) is associated with proinflammatory response and down-regulation of HLA-DR expression on circulating monocytes (mHLA-DR) is associated with anti-inflammatory response in humans. Citing this interplay between pro and anti-inflammatory response in sepsis, we hypothesized that the relative expression of these antigens may detect dysregulated host immune response and thereby may provide a criterion for early diagnosis of sepsis MATERIALS AND METHODS A flowchart of the experimental steps is shown in Fig1. Adult patients, who underwent cardiac surgery, were selected for this double-blinded study after the approval from the appropriate Institutional Ethics Committee. The study was un-blinded after the initial set of experiments, with biochemical and clinical outcome of the patients. The data sets were analyzed (GraphPad Prism v8.1.1) and a p value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant RESULTS Out of the total patients (n=33), 7 patients were diagnosed with suspected sepsis and 1 with proven sepsis as per STS criteria, substantiated by longer ICU and hospital stay (Table1). The optimized Flowcytometry panel and gating strategies is shown in Fig.2 The expression of nCD64, mHLA-DR and SI (Sepsis Index) in all patients before surgery did not show any statistically significant difference with that of healthy controls [Figure-3A]. At 24 hours post-surgery, all patients had significant up-regulation of nCD64 and down-regulation of mHLA-DR. A similar significant elevation was observed in CRP and PCT [Figure-3 B-D], but insignificant difference exists between sepsis and non-sepsis patients (p values in Table1). Therefore the diagnostic efficacy of all this measurements and scoring scheme, in identifying sepsis at 24 hours was poor (Table2) A useful diagnostic criterion is obtained by calculating the fold increase in nCD64 (I64) & SI (ISI) and fold decrease in mHLA-DR (DHLA) at 24 hour. It was observed that many patients had ISI≥10, due to I64 approximately 2 and DHLA 5. Based on this observation, a diagnostic criterion able to detect 'dysregulated host immune response' at 24 hour post-surgery is identified. The criterion is: 10 fold or more increase in SI combined with either ≤1.8 fold increase in nCD64 or ≤5.2 fold decrease in mHLA-DR. CONCLUSION The data obtained from this pilot study was analysed based on different criteria to identify the best possible way to detect the onset of sepsis post-cardiac surgery. The discriminative power of many tests to differentiate sepsis and SIRS is inadequate. We propose a combination of fold changes in antigen expression, which could so far, identify all sepsis patients, since the measurements detect the underlying biological mechanism, picking up both exacerbated proinflammatory response and immunoparalysis. The significance of the result is that the proposed diagnostic criteria could potentially pre-empt diagnosis of sepsis at 24 hours post-surgery, before the onset of any clinically identifiable symptoms of the disease. This needs to be substantiated by extending the study on a larger patient cohort. Disclosures Mony: BD Biosciences: Research Funding. Jain:BD Biosciences: Employment.

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Palumbo, Michael L., Sheila J. Kannappan, Elaine M. Frazer, Kathleen D. Eckert, Dara J. Norman, Luciano Fraga, Bruno C. Quint et al. "Linking compact dwarf starburst galaxies in the RESOLVE survey to downsized blue nuggets". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 494, n. 4 (7 aprile 2020): 4730–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa899.

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ABSTRACT We identify and characterize compact dwarf starburst (CDS) galaxies in the REsolved Spectroscopy Of a Local VolumE (RESOLVE) survey, a volume-limited census of galaxies in the local Universe, to probe whether this population contains any residual ‘blue nuggets,’ a class of intensely star-forming compact galaxies first identified at high redshift z. Our 50 low-z CDS galaxies are defined by dwarf masses (stellar mass M* < 109.5 M⊙), compact bulged-disc or spheroid-dominated morphologies (using a quantitative criterion, $\mu _\Delta \gt 8.6$), and specific star formation rates (SSFRs) above the defining threshold for high-z blue nuggets (log SSFR [Gyr−1] > −0.5). Across redshifts, blue nuggets exhibit three defining properties: compactness relative to contemporaneous galaxies, abundant cold gas, and formation via compaction in mergers or colliding streams. Those with halo mass below Mhalo ∼ 1011.5 M⊙ may in theory evade permanent quenching and cyclically refuel until the present day. Selected only for compactness and starburst activity, our CDS galaxies generally have Mhalo ≲ 1011.5 M⊙ and gas-to-stellar mass ratio ≳1. Moreover, analysis of archival DECaLS photometry and new 3D spectroscopic observations for CDS galaxies reveals a high rate of photometric and kinematic disturbances suggestive of dwarf mergers. The SSFRs, surface mass densities, and number counts of CDS galaxies are compatible with theoretical and observational expectations for redshift evolution in blue nuggets. We argue that CDS galaxies represent a maximally starbursting subset of traditional compact dwarf classes such as blue compact dwarfs and blue E/S0s. We conclude that CDS galaxies represent a low-z tail of the blue nugget phenomenon formed via a moderated compaction channel that leaves open the possibility of disc regrowth and evolution into normal disc galaxies.

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Chouhan, Sima, Jagadish Hansa e Sarita Pradhan. "EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF SEPSIS THROUGH SEPSIS MARKERS AND SEPSIS INDEX THROUGH FLOW CYTOMETRY TECHNOLOGY". Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 10, n. 11 (1 novembre 2017): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i11.20640.

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Objective: Sepsis is a major medical challenge, and remains a burden by showing minimal symptoms, non-specific manifestation which leads to the high-mortality rate. The major cause of high mortality rate is due to the diagnostic pitfalls. The sepsis mechanism involves immune suppression associated with multiorgan dysfunction, uncontrolled infection, and death. This study aims to use new parameters in diagnosis of sepsis particularly neutrophil CD64 (nCD64), monocyte human leukocyte antigen-DR (mHLA-DR), performed by flow cytometer.Methods: Available diagnostic tools such as blood culture (gold standard) and other tools are time-consuming which leads to death because the treatment is not commenced promptly due to unavailability of quick and accurate diagnostic procedures. To overcome such instances, there are different specific cell surface markers which are introduced to reveal sepsis at the earliest using flow cytometry technique. The newer technique allows determination of different cellular and functional pathological components of sepsis. Using this technology, a newer treatment modality (granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor) can be used to reverse sepsis associated immune suppression.Results: The results suggested that the flow cytometric evaluation of nCD64, mHLA-DR expression assay, seems to be promising as comparison to other tools available for diagnosis.Conclusion: The pilot data suggest that the flow assay, “sepsis index” is a useful assay for diagnosing and discriminating sepsis in adult at intensive care unit settings in comparison to all the available current modalities of sepsis diagnosis. However, there are no other comparable parameters to diagnose early sepsis.

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