Tesi sul tema "Métabolisme des glucocorticoïdes"
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Gilbert, Catherine. "Métabolisme des glucocorticoïdes dans le poumon murin en développement : la voie surrénalienne". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26863.
Testo completoFor many years, to reduce the risk of respiratory distress in newborns, antenatal glucocorticoids are administered to the mother about to deliver prematurely to accelerate fetal lung maturation. At birth, surfactant therapy can be used with several assisted ventilation strategies according to the morbidity of the neonate. Postnatal administration of glucocorticoids to the neonate is not recommended as they interfere with organ systems including the lung development process named septation. Previous studies performed in the Dr Tremblay’s laboratory have shown in the whole lung of the mouse: 1) the capability of the fetal lung to express several steroidogenic enzyme genes involved in glucocorticoid synthesis and; 2) the presence of a steroid-metabolizing activity compatible with the regulation of the substrate levels. The major enzymes involved in these processes are the 21-hydroxylase and the 20α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, which are respectively encoded by Cyp21a1 and Akr1c18. The objective of my study was to find the sites of expression for these two genes. To do so, mouse fetal lungs isolated on gestation days 15.5, 17.5, and 19.5, and on postnatal days 0, 5, and 15 days were used for in situ hybridization with 21-hydroxylase and 20α-HSD mRNAs. My results indicate that before birth, 21-hydroxylase mRNA is found in epithelial distal cells whereas the 20α-HSD gene is primarily expressed in capillaries. Around birth, 21-hydroxylase mRNA are associated with the proximal epithelium and endothelial cells of several veins. From the late saccular stage up to the half of the alveolar period, 21-hydroxylase mRNA is only associated with thin walls and septae. The situation was the same for 20α-HSD mRNA except for the alveolar stage during which no signal was detected. These results indicate that the expression profile of these two genes is compatible with the modulation of 21-hydroxylase substrates by the 20α-HSD.
Boullu-Ciocca, Sandrine. "Métabolisme des glucocorticoïdes du tissu adipeux dans l'obésité et le syndrome métabolique : études chez le rat et l'homme". Aix-Marseille 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX20715.
Testo completoBoucher, Éric. "Développement pulmonaire murin : étude du métabolisme des androgènes, des progestines et des glucocorticoïdes". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25239.
Testo completoSteroid hormones such as progestogens, estrogens, androgens and glucocorticoids are known modulators of lung development. Several elements concerning the role and regulation of steroid action in the developing lung, especially for the saccular and alveolar stages, remain to be investigated. First, a qPCR analysis of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (17β-HSD) type 1, 2 and 5, of 5α-réductase type 1, of m3α-HSD and of androgen receptor (AR) was performed during the saccular and alveolar stages of mouse lung development. AR expression showed a statistically significant increase during the alveolar stage while levels of 17β-HSD 2 expression decreased at the end of the saccular stage and remained low throughout the alveolar period. The androgen receptor (AR) protein was primarily detected in the nucleus of airway epithelial cells and of a subset of respiratory epithelial cells. 17β-HSD 2 mRNA was co-localized with AR protein during the saccular stage, but was absent from airway epithelium during the alveolar stage. Second, androgen and estrogen levels were measured in the murine developing lung from the canalicular to the alveolar stage. Significant difference of androgen levels between lung and control tissue. This fact added to the nuclear localization of AR is compatible with the presence of a regulated androgen metabolism during lung development. Third, expression of 20α-HSD and of the genes associated with the adrenal glucocorticoid synthesis pathway was characterized in the developing lung, from GD 15.5 to PN 15. Finally, corticosterone synthesis was only observed in a fraction of lung explants from gestation day (GD) 15.5. This observation and strong expression of 21-hydroxylase, of 20α-HSD and of 5α-reductase activities suggests local regulation of GC action. It thus appears that the actions of androgens and of glucocorticoids are both regulated at a pre-receptor level in the developing lung from the canalicular stage until the end of the alveolar stage.
Berthiaume, Magalie. "Contribution des glucocorticoïdes aux mécanismes d'action des récepteurs PPAR[gamma] et leur implication dans le métabolisme lipidique". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/18891.
Testo completoBerthiaume, Magalie. "Contribution des glucocorticoïdes aux mécanismes d'action des récepteurs PPARgamma et leur implication dans le métabolisme lipidique". Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24304/24304.pdf.
Testo completoThomasson, Rémi. "Effets ergogéniques, métaboliques et hormonaux des glucocorticoïdes chez l'homme et l'animal". Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00635368.
Testo completoDo, Thi Thu Huong. "Perturbations du métabolisme glucidique et azoté dans des modèles d'obésité induite par le régime hyperlipidique ou par les glucocorticoïdes". Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066065.
Testo completoObesity becomes a worldwide epidemic due to over-nutrition, but also to drug treatments, particularly glucocorticoids (GCs). The aim of this work was to identify the mechanisms involved in obesity induced by high-fat diet or by GCs. High-fat diet-induced obesity model was used to characterize intestinal disturbances: an elevated amino acids absorption capacity, a delayed transit time and an increased intestinal permeability and an altered gut microbiota, which can further modulate nitrogen and energy balance. Meanwhile, GC-induced obesity model revealed differential effects of GCs on fat depots. Adipogenesis and an early increased macrophage infiltration were restricted to visceral adipose tissue with a differential macrophage polarization between visceral and subcutaneous fat pads. Visceral macrophage infiltration was responsible for GC-induced insulin resistance. Moreover, GC exposure resulted in opposite phenotypes of glucose metabolism in two distinct genetic murine backgrounds that could be explained by a strain-dependent pancreatic adaptation. Taken together, our work highlights adaptive mechanisms of peripheral organs during obesity
Vatier, Camille. "Traitement par leptine recombinante dans les syndromes lipodystrophiques génétiques : effets sur le métabolisme glucido-lipidique". Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066093/document.
Testo completoLipodystrophic syndromes are very rare diseases characterized by selective loss of varying amounts of adipose tissue. They constitute a heterogeneous group of adipose tissue diseases, by multiple etiologies, the amount of loss of adipose tissue (generalized or partial), congenital or acquired character, integration in complex or non-complex systemic pathologies. On the physiopathological level, the limitation of the capacities of expansion of adipose tissue in these syndromes leads to metabolic disorders dominated by major insulin resistance with especially diabetes and severe hypertriglyceridemia.Leptin, a hormone secreted by adipose tissue, is deficient in these syndromes. It has pleiotropic effects and its therapeutic use in these syndromes allows an improvement of insulin resistance and of glucose and lipid parameters. In order to better characterize the metabolic improvement mechanisms, we treated the first French cohort of diabetic lipodystrophic patients with recombinant leptin and we were able to demonstrate an improvement of insulin secretion by the reference measures calculated during hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamps and hyperglycaemic clamps. We also showed a decrease in the serum concentration of PSCK9 under treatment, which could contribute to the improvement of lipid parameters. We also studied patients treated with glucocorticoids and with glucocorticoinduced lipodystrophy and we were able to show that the concentration of leptin prior to treatment is predictive of the occurrence of lipodystrophies. Thus leptin appears to play a key role in the pathophysiology of different types of lipodystrophies
Tijani, Omolara Khadijat. "Glucocorticoids and Intracrine Cortisol Metabolism in human Islets : Impact on Glucose Stimulated Insulin secretion". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ULILS061.
Testo completoExcessive glucocorticoid (GC) exposure, as seen in patients receiving GC therapy, can lead to β-cell dysfunction and diabetes in up to 40% of the cases. In obesity, increased local cortisol exposure due to altered metabolism contributes to diabetes onset. High doses of GCs like dexamethasone (DEX) are known to inhibit glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), but the effects of lower doses and other GCs, such as hydrocortisone (HC) and prednisone (PRED), remain underexplored. The enzyme 5α-reductase type 1 (SRD5A1) is a crucial enzyme for GC degradation, modulating their bioavailability. Inhibition or knockout of SRD5A1 is associated with impaired insulin sensitivity and increased diabetes risk. This first part of my thesis investigates the impact of “low therapeutic” doses of PRED (equivalent to 5 to 10 mg administrated orally) and other GCs on glucose stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). We showed that PRED significantly decreases GSIS, with DEX having a worse effect compared to PRED and HC. BMI, age, or sex do not significantly influence the direct impact of PRED on insulin secretion. The second part of the work aimed to characterize GC metabolism in human islets. SRD5A1 is the only A-ring reductase expressed in islets, and its expression, along with HSD11B1, is localized within the β-cells of human islets. We demonstrated evidence of intracrine metabolism of cortisol in intact primary human islets cultured under dynamic experimental settings. Expression data reveals significantly diminished expression of both HSD11B1 and SRD5A1 in T2D donors compared to normoglycemic donors. The last part aimed to provide proof of concept that decreased cortisol bioavailability via the overexpression of SRD5A1 in human islets mitigates the inhibitory effect of GCs on GSIS. SR5DA1 overexpression attenuated the impact of HC on the first phase of insulin secretion, but not the PRED impact. To conclude, even at low doses, GCs impair GSIS. The decrease in SRD5A1 expression in islets may contribute to the development of diabetes in metabolic context. SRD5A1 overexpression protects against the deleterious impact of cortisol on GSIS, providing additional evidence to support the enzyme's role in local cortisol overexposure and the development of diabetes. However, increasing SRD5A1 activity may not be an effective approach to protect against metabolic complications induced by GC therapy. Other aspects of β-cell function, especially cell viability, need to be studied. Moreover, the potential benefits of SRD5A1 in modulating insulin resistance and fatty liver disease should be investigated. These further studies will provide more insight into the potential of SRD5A1 as a therapeutic target
Simard, Marc. "Différences sexuelles, androgènes et glucocorticoïdes dans le poumon foetal durant une période gestationnelle tardive qui chevauche la montée de la production du surfactant pulmonaire". Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28296/28296.pdf.
Testo completoRespiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is more frequent in male neonates than female neonates. Androgens and glucocorticoids are known to delay and accelerate, respectively, the fetal lung maturation. Firstly, we studied the sex differences in the mouse fetal lung transcriptome during a gestational period that overlaps the surge of surfactant synthesis, which occurs earlier in females than in males. Using DNA microarrays, 88 transcripts showing a sex difference in expression at gestational days (GD) 15.5, 16.5, or 17.5 were identified. Those genes were associated to several functional categories, including hormone metabolism and regulation, apoptosis, transcriptional regulation, and lipid metabolism, and are candidates for roles in lung maturation and in the physiopathology of RDS. Secondly, the expression of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (17βHSD) type 2 and 5, which are respectively involved in androgen inactivation and synthesis, and of the androgen receptor (AR), was characterized in human fetal lungs. Statistically significant relationships between expression levels and gestational age were observed. In particular, 17βHSD2 and AR were co-localized in epithelial cells, while 17βHSD5 was localized in a subset of epithelial cells mostly in conducting zones. AR protein levels showed an important interindividual variability. The obtained results support the presence of a local androgen metabolism and a fine-tuning of AR occupancy in human male and female fetal lungs during a gestational period associated with high-risk premature birth. Thirdly, the expression of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis-related genes was quantified and localized in murine fetal lungs at GD 15.5, 16.5, and 17.5. Also, the capability of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) to stimulate the pulmonary expression of enzymes involved in the “adrenal” pathway of glucocorticoid synthesis was addressed, as well as the glucocorticoid production. Several distinct gene expression profiles were established, the incubation of fetal lung explants with CRH led to increased levels of 21-hydroxylase gene expression, whereas deoxycorticosterone accumulation was detected. The observed temporal and spatial modulations suggest roles for HPA axis-related genes in the developing lung.
Dalle, Heloïse. "Rôle du récepteur adipocytaire des glucocorticoïdes dans les troubles métaboliques liés à un traitement par la corticostérone Adipocyte glucocorticoid receptor deficiency promotes adipose tissue expandability and improves the metabolic profile under corticosterone exposure Glucocorticoid-induced insulin resistance is related to macrophage visceral adipose tissue infiltration". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=http://theses-intra.upmc.fr/modules/resources/download/theses/2019SORUS065.pdf.
Testo completoGlucocorticoids (GC) are among the medications most commonly prescribed because of their anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. However, high doses can lead to side effects including GC-induced diabetes and lipodystrophy. The contribution of adipocyte glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in the molecular mechanisms of these complications remains to be investigated. The goal of this study was to determine the precise role of the GR in the development of insulin-resistance and associated metabolic dysregulations in a context of hypercorticism. For this purpose, we have generated an inducible mouse model of GR invalidation specifically in the adipocyte (AdipoGR-KO), which was submitted to a four-week corticosterone treatment. Metabolic phenotype of AdipoGR-KO mice showed an increase of fat mass associated with a paradoxical improvement of glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, lipid profile and liver steatosis compared to WT mice. Preferential and beneficial fat storage in adipose tissue prompted us to investigate the mechanisms involved in the excessive development of adipose tissue, in particular the vascularization. Surprisingly, our results showed a higher development of capillary network in fat pads of AdipoGR-KO mice, associated with a strong induction of the angiogenic factor VEGF-A and its transcriptional regulator HIF-1α. Thus, we show for the first time that GR could be a limiting factor of adipose tissue expansion through the inhibition of the angiogenic process
Drouet, Jean-Baptiste. "Les mécanismes de vulnérabilité au stress : approches pharmacologique et naturaliste". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO10095.
Testo completoPost-traumatic stress disorder is a pathology characterized by reexperience, avoidance and hyper-arousal symptoms. Emergence of post-traumatic stress disorder after a traumatic event can be predicted, to a certain extent, by a glucocorticoid secretion deficiency. The role of this deficiency in stress vulnerability has been analysed by two different approaches in the rat. In a first approach, a pharmacological depletion has been induced by metyrapone, then, physiological and behavioural reactions during stress have been characterized. In a second approach, inter-individual differences of a population submitted to an intense stressor has been characterized in terms of physiological, behavioural and hippocampal gene expression responses. These studies failed to evidence an increased vulnerability induced by a glucocorticoid deficiency. On the contrary, metyrapone exhibited anxiolytic-like properties independently of its effects on glucocorticoids. Metyrapone has also modified central and peripheral metabolism in a way that could explain its neuroprotective properties. Finally, the naturalistic approach has evidenced the emphasis of synaptic plasticity in the resilience to stress
Goujon, Emmanuelle. "Régulation par les glucocorticoi͏̈des des effets des cytokines dans le système nerveux central". Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR28354.
Testo completoGautier, Claude. "Evolution et contrôle des enzymes mitochondriales du cycle de l'urée pendant la période périnatale chez le rat". Rouen, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ROUES008.
Testo completoMallinger, Arnaud. "Etude du mécanisme d'action d'un onco-métabolite impliqué dans la prolifération des cancers du sein triple-négatifs". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30198.
Testo completoBreast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in women. There are three subtypes of breast cancer: those that express estrogen hormone receptors (REα +), those that amplify the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and those that don’t express any of these receptors, triple negative cancers (TN). For the last subtype, there is no targeted therapy. Cholesterol metabolism is deregulated in breast cancer compared to normal tissue. Indeed, in normal mammary tissues, cholesterol-5,6-epoxides (ECs) are transformed by cholesterol epoxide hydrolase (ChEH) into cholestan-triol (CT). In mammary tumor tissue, CT is converted into an onco-metabolite, 6-oxo-cholestan-3β, 5α-diol (OCDO), by the enzyme 11β-hydroxystéroïde déshydrogénase type 2 (11βHSD2). 11βHSD2 is known to regulate glucocorticoid metabolism by converting cortisol, an active glucocorticoid receptor (GR) agonist, to inactive cortisone. In addition, the OCDO stimulates the proliferation of different models of breast cancer TN by the GR. Data from the literature indicate that overexpression of GR correlates with poor progression-free survival and overall survival in patients with TN breast cancer. The purpose of my thesis was to characterize the mechanisms involved in OCDO-mediated tumor proliferation by the GR. I then showed that the AP-1 mitogenic pathway is activated by OCDO by the GR and has a major role in the tumor progression of these cell models in vitro and in vivo. Thus, targeting GR and the AP-1 pathway may represent new therapeutic strategies for TN breast cancers
Fardet, Laurence. "La lipodystrophie cortico-induite : histoire naturelle, incidence, facteurs de risque, anomalies métabolique associées". Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066140.
Testo completoEl, Ayachi Soulaf. "Etude de la régulation de la synthèse du PAI-1 [plasminogène de type 1] et de son rôle au cours de l'obésité". Aix-Marseille 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX20703.
Testo completoHusson, Annie. "Contrôle multi-hormonal des enzymes cytosoliques du cycle de l'urée pendant la période périnatale chez le rat". Rouen, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ROUES024.
Testo completoCéleste, Christophe. "Étude des effets d'injections intra-articulaires répétées d'acétonide de triamcinolone sur le métabolisme du cartilage chez le cheval". Thèse, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/17484.
Testo completoFleury, Isabelle. "Polymorphismes dans des gènes de métabolisme des corticostéroïdes : rôle dans la réponse thérapeutique". Thèse, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/14201.
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