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Larina, V., e D. Karpenko. "The metabolic and cytoprotective orientation of meldonium in multimorbidity". Vrach 33, n. 4 (2022): 56–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.29296/25877305-2022-04-08.
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Larina, V., e D. Karpenko. "The metabolic and cytoprotective orientation of meldonium in multimorbidity". Vrach 33, n. 4 (2022): 56–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.29296/25877305-2022-04-08.
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Noghabi, Ali Delshad. "Psychological Factors of Metabolic Syndrome". Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2, n. 7 (31 luglio 2021): 641–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.37871/jbres1290.
Abstract (sommario):
Several factors are involved in the etiology of metabolic syndrome, the most important of which are insulin resistance, obesity (especially abdominal obesity), lipid abnormalities, impaired glucose tolerance, hypertension, pre-inflammatory status, genetic factors, unhealthy lifestyle, trend Rapid urbanization, nutritional factors, inactivity, smoking and hookah smoking, social, economic and cultural factors, level of education, psychosocial stresses and environmental pollution. But psychological factors such as meta-cognitive beliefs, life orientation (optimism, pessimism) and positive and negative emotions, Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis activity, type D personality, depression and anxiety also play a role in causing it.
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Chen, Valerie, Antonio E. Bruno, Laura L. Britt, Ciria C. Hernandez, Luis E. Gimenez, Alys Peisley, Roger D. Cone e Glenn L. Millhauser. "Membrane orientation and oligomerization of the melanocortin receptor accessory protein 2". Journal of Biological Chemistry 295, n. 48 (17 settembre 2020): 16370–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.ra120.015482.
Abstract (sommario):
The melanocortin receptor accessory protein 2 (MRAP2) plays a pivotal role in the regulation of several G protein–coupled receptors that are essential for energy balance and food intake. MRAP2 loss-of-function results in obesity in mammals. MRAP2 and its homolog MRAP1 have an unusual membrane topology and are the only known eukaryotic proteins that thread into the membrane in both orientations. In this study, we demonstrate that the conserved polybasic motif that dictates the membrane topology and dimerization of MRAP1 does not control the membrane orientation and dimerization of MRAP2. We also show that MRAP2 dimerizes through its transmembrane domain and can form higher-order oligomers that arrange MRAP2 monomers in a parallel orientation. Investigating the molecular details of MRAP2 structure is essential for understanding the mechanism by which it regulates G protein–coupled receptors and will aid in elucidating the pathways involved in metabolic dysfunction.
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Collorone, Sara, Ferran Prados, Baris Kanber, Niamh M. Cawley, Carmen Tur, Francesco Grussu, Bhavana S. Solanky et al. "Brain microstructural and metabolic alterations detected in vivo at onset of the first demyelinating event". Brain 144, n. 5 (27 aprile 2021): 1409–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/awab043.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract In early multiple sclerosis, a clearer understanding of normal-brain tissue microstructural and metabolic abnormalities will provide valuable insights into its pathophysiology. We used multi-parametric quantitative MRI to detect alterations in brain tissues of patients with their first demyelinating episode. We acquired neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging [to investigate morphology of neurites (dendrites and axons)] and 23Na MRI (to estimate total sodium concentration, a reflection of underlying changes in metabolic function). In this cross-sectional study, we enrolled 42 patients diagnosed with clinically isolated syndrome or multiple sclerosis within 3 months of their first demyelinating event and 16 healthy controls. Physical and cognitive scales were assessed. At 3 T, we acquired brain and spinal cord structural scans, and neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging. Thirty-two patients and 13 healthy controls also underwent brain 23Na MRI. We measured neurite density and orientation dispersion indices and total sodium concentration in brain normal-appearing white matter, white matter lesions, and grey matter. We used linear regression models (adjusting for brain parenchymal fraction and lesion load) and Spearman correlation tests (significance level P ≤ 0.01). Patients showed higher orientation dispersion index in normal-appearing white matter, including the corpus callosum, where they also showed lower neurite density index and higher total sodium concentration, compared with healthy controls. In grey matter, compared with healthy controls, patients demonstrated: lower orientation dispersion index in frontal, parietal and temporal cortices; lower neurite density index in parietal, temporal and occipital cortices; and higher total sodium concentration in limbic and frontal cortices. Brain volumes did not differ between patients and controls. In patients, higher orientation dispersion index in corpus callosum was associated with worse performance on timed walk test (P = 0.009, B = 0.01, 99% confidence interval = 0.0001 to 0.02), independent of brain and lesion volumes. Higher total sodium concentration in left frontal middle gyrus was associated with higher disability on Expanded Disability Status Scale (rs = 0.5, P = 0.005). Increased axonal dispersion was found in normal-appearing white matter, particularly corpus callosum, where there was also axonal degeneration and total sodium accumulation. The association between increased axonal dispersion in the corpus callosum and worse walking performance implies that morphological and metabolic alterations in this structure could mechanistically contribute to disability in multiple sclerosis. As brain volumes were neither altered nor related to disability in patients, our findings suggest that these two advanced MRI techniques are more sensitive at detecting clinically relevant pathology in early multiple sclerosis.
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Vanduffel, Wim, Erik Vandenbussche, Wolf Singer e Guy A. Orban. "A Metabolic Mapping Study of Orientation Discrimination and Detection Tasks in the Cat". European Journal of Neuroscience 9, n. 6 (giugno 1997): 1314–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.1997.tb01486.x.
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Kuzin, A., A. Khrebtova, O. Camerer e E. Bykov. "ASSOCIATIVE DETERMINANTS OF THE TROPHOLOGICAL STATUS IN ATHLETES FROM AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC SPORTS". Human Sport Medicine 20, n. 3 (25 novembre 2020): 51–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.14529/hsm200306.
Abstract (sommario):
Aim. The paper aims to elaborate effectiveness criteria for aerobic and anaerobic training based on a comprehensive analysis of the athletes’ trophological status. Materials and methods. Anthropometric data, body composition, carbohydrate and fat metabolism indicators were collected for trained athletes (n = 41) once per day (in the morning) on an empty stomach. To find metabolic determinants for the training process of various orientations, athletes were divided into two groups, namely, a group with a predominantly aerobic orientation (n = 23) and those with a predominantly anaerobic one (n = 18). Results. The assessment of the athletes’ trophological status showed reliable correlations between body composition and aerobic capacities. Body composition indicators allow forecasting physical performance in predominantly aerobic sports. Total cholesterol and blood glucose dynamics reflect the nature of metabolic changes during long-term adaptation to aerobic and anaerobic exercises. Conclusion. In the group with aerobic training, sportsmanship depends on the anthropological and trophological statuses. The ratio of blood glucose to total cholesterol can act as a universal marker of aerobic and anaerobic capacities during long-term sports training.
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Yang, Dan, Yifan Yang, Yanlin Li e Rui Han. "Physical Exercise as Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: From Mechanism to Orientation". Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism 74, n. 4 (2019): 313–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000500110.
Abstract (sommario):
Background: Exercise therapy plays an important role in the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). The mechanism of exercise therapy in the improvement of glycolipid metabolism of T2DM is very complex and not completely clear. Summary: Exercise training improves the whole body metabolic health in patients with T2DM, leading to an increase in glycolipid uptake and utilization, improved insulin sensitivity, optimized body mass index, and modulated DNA methylation, etc. Recent findings support that some cytokines such as irisin, osteocalcin, and adiponectin are closely related to exercise and metabolic diseases. This study briefly reviews the physiological mechanisms of exercise therapy in diabetes and the potential role of these cytokines in exercise. Key Messages: More high-quality, targeted, randomized controlled studies are needed urgently, from mechanism study to treatment direction, to provide a more theoretical basis for exercise therapy and to explore new therapeutic targets for diabetes.
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Chang, Yi-Min, Chia-Lin Lee e Jun-Sing Wang. "Sex Disparity in the Association of Metabolic Syndrome with Cognitive Impairment". Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, n. 9 (27 aprile 2024): 2571. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm13092571.
Abstract (sommario):
Background/Objectives: Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a constellation of several cardiometabolic risk factors. We investigated sex disparity in the associations between MS and cognitive impairment using cross-sectional data from Taiwan Biobank. Methods: We determined the associations of MS and its five components with cognitive impairment (mini-mental state examination, MMSE < 24) and the five domains of MMSE using logistic regression analyses. Results: A total of 7399 men and 11,546 women were included, and MS was significantly associated with cognitive impairment only in women (adjusted OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.29–1.71, p = 0.001) (p for interaction 0.005). In women, the association with MS was significant in orientation (adjusted OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.07–1.37, p = 0.003), memory (adjusted OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.01–1.25, p = 0.034) and design copying (adjusted OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.23–1.62, p = 0.001) (p value for interaction 0.039, 0.023, and 0.093, respectively). Among the components of MS, a large waist circumference (adjusted OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.08–1.46, p = 0.003), high fasting glucose (adjusted OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.00–1.34, p = 0.046), and low HDL cholesterol (adjusted OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.00–1.34, p = 0.049) were significantly associated with cognitive impairment in women. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that sex has a significant influence on the association between MS and cognitive dysfunction, especially in orientation and memory.
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Orre, Charlotte, Xavier Dieu, Jordan Guillon, Naïg Gueguen, Seyedeh Tayebeh Ahmadpour, Jean-François Dumas, Salim Khiati et al. "The Long Non-Coding RNA SAMMSON Is a Regulator of Chemosensitivity and Metabolic Orientation in MCF-7 Doxorubicin-Resistant Breast Cancer Cells". Biology 10, n. 11 (9 novembre 2021): 1156. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10111156.
Abstract (sommario):
Despite improvements in therapeutic strategies for treating breast cancers, tumor relapse and chemoresistance remain major issues in patient outcomes. Indeed, cancer cells display a metabolic plasticity allowing a quick adaptation to the tumoral microenvironment and to cellular stresses induced by chemotherapy. Recently, long non-coding RNA molecules (lncRNAs) have emerged as important regulators of cellular metabolic orientation. In the present study, we addressed the role of the long non-coding RNA molecule (lncRNA) SAMMSON on the metabolic reprogramming and chemoresistance of MCF-7 breast cancer cells resistant to doxorubicin (MCF-7dox). Our results showed an overexpression of SAMMSON in MCF-7dox compared to doxorubicin-sensitive cells (MCF-7). Silencing of SAMMSON expression by siRNA in MCF-7dox cells resulted in a metabolic rewiring with improvement of oxidative metabolism, decreased mitochondrial ROS production, increased mitochondrial replication, transcription and translation and an attenuation of chemoresistance. These results highlight the role of SAMMSON in the metabolic adaptations leading to the development of chemoresistance in breast cancer cells. Thus, targeting SAMMSON expression levels represents a promising therapeutic route to circumvent doxorubicin resistance in breast cancers.
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Karadsheh, Rama, Megan E. Meuser e Simon Cocklin. "Composition and Orientation of the Core Region of Novel HIV-1 Entry Inhibitors Influences Metabolic Stability". Molecules 25, n. 6 (21 marzo 2020): 1430. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25061430.
Abstract (sommario):
Fostemsavir/temsavir is an investigational HIV-1 entry inhibitor currently in late-stage clinical trials. Although it holds promise to be a first-in-class Env-targeted entry inhibitor for the clinic, issues with bioavailability relegate its use to salvage therapies only. As such, the development of a small molecule HIV-1 entry inhibitor that can be used in standard combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) remains a longstanding goal for the field. We previously demonstrated the ability of extending the chemotypes available to this class of inhibitor as the first step towards this overarching goal. In addition to poor solubility, metabolic stability is a crucial determinant of bioavailability. Therefore, in this short communication, we assess the metabolic stabilities of five of our novel chemotype entry inhibitors. We found that changing the piperazine core region of temsavir alters the stability of the compound in human liver microsome assays. Moreover, we identified an entry inhibitor with more than twice the metabolic stability of temsavir and demonstrated that the orientation of the core replacement is critical for this increase. This work further demonstrates the feasibility of our long-term goal—to design an entry inhibitor with improved drug-like qualities—and warrants expanded studies to achieve this.
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Sapir, Nir, e Robert Dudley. "Implications of floral orientation for flight kinematics and metabolic expenditure of hover-feeding hummingbirds". Functional Ecology 27, n. 1 (21 novembre 2012): 227–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.12024.
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Zueva, I. B., D. S. Krivonosov, E. L. Urumova, A. V. Butch, A. Y. Smirnova e E. R. Baranzevich. "Inflammation and cognitive function in patients with metabolic syndrome". Regional blood circulation and microcirculation 16, n. 1 (30 marzo 2017): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.24884/1682-6655-2017-16-1-38-42.
Abstract (sommario):
The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between the level of C-reactive protein and fibrinogen, and indices of cognitive function in patients with metabolic syndrome. As a result of this study, it was demonstrated that patients with metabolic syndrome and cognitive impairment compared with the group without cognitive disorders was higher parameters of inflammation. The increase in C-reactive protein was associated with reduced memory and increased speed of reaction and ability to concentrate, whereas an increase in fibrinogen levels was associated with lower indicators of the processes of storing, preserving and reproduction of information, logical memory and orientation in time and space. Activation of inflammation could reflect one of the possible pathophysiological mechanisms that affect the development of cognitive deficits in patients with metabolic syndrome.
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Вагин, Yu Vagin, Фудин, N. Fudin, Пигарева e S. Pigareva. "System Fatigue Mechanisms at Exercises of Circular Orientation". Journal of New Medical Technologies 21, n. 3 (5 settembre 2014): 118–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/5915.
Abstract (sommario):
Mechanisms of fatigue during exercise of circular orientation of various volume and intensity are analyzed from the position of functional systems theory. Peculiarities of fatigue anaerobic metabolism in high-speed sports, aerobic-anaerobic metabolism in sports disciplines connected with high speed endurance and aerobic metabolism in running the long and very long distances are considered. Sprint is dominated by anaerobic processes in working skeletal muscles and central mechanisms of fatigue. Central fatigue is ahead of peripheral fatigue of neuromuscular system. Anaerobic and aerobic oxidation processes occur when running athlete on medium distances. The effects of hypoxia, hypocapnia and accumulation of oxidation products from the working muscles begin to emerge. Disorders in respiratory and cardiovascular system appear. At long distances deep metabolic aerobic changes come, toxic products of metabolism accumulate, water-salt balance impairs, the cellular and molecular processes of excitation in the central and peripheral nervous system change. A combination of different disabilities leads to decrease the athlete neuromuscular system efficiency. System approach enables to reveal the fine line between achieving the body of a new quality level of adaptation to physical loads and breakdowns of compensatory mechanisms associated with the stress of functional systems for ensuring the work.
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Ferrari, Elís Domingos, Bruno César Miranda Oliveira, Hannah N. Creasey, Débora R. Romualdo da Silva, Alex Akira Nakamura, Katia D. Saraiva Bresciani e Giovanni Widmer. "The Impact of Physical Effort on the Gut Microbiota of Long-Distance Fliers". Microorganisms 11, n. 7 (6 luglio 2023): 1766. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11071766.
Abstract (sommario):
Flying pigeons (Columbia livia) are extensively studied for their physical endurance and superior sense of orientation. The extreme physical endurance of which these birds are capable creates a unique opportunity to investigate the possible impact of long-distance flying on the taxonomy and metabolic function of the gut microbiota. This project was enabled by access to two groups of pigeons raised by the same breeder in the same conditions, except that one group was trained in long-distance flying and participated in multiple races covering a total distance of over 2600 km over a 9-week period. In contrast, the second group did not fly. The fecal microbiota was analyzed using 16S amplicon sequencing, and the taxonomy and metabolic function were inferred from this sequence data. Based on phylogenetic distance and metabolic function, flying and non-flying pigeons were found to harbor distinct bacterial microbiota. The microbiota taxonomy varied extensively between the birds, whereas the inferred metabolic potential was relatively stable. Age was not a significant determinant of the fecal microbiota profile. In flying birds, the metabolic pathways annotated with biosynthesis were enriched, representing 60% of the 20 metabolic pathways that were most closely associated with flying.
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Ghetti, Fabiana De Faria, Daiane Gonçalves De Oliveira, Juliano Machado De Oliveira, Lincoln Eduardo Villela Vieira de Castro Ferreira, Dionéia Evangelista Cesar e Ana Paula Boroni Moreira. "Effects of Dietary Intervention on Gut Microbiota and Metabolic-Nutritional Profile of Outpatients with Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis: a Randomized Clinical Trial". Journal of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases 28, n. 3 (1 settembre 2019): 279–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.15403/jgld-197.
Abstract (sommario):
Background & Aims: Modulation of the gut microbiota emerges as a therapeutic possibility to improve health. Our objective was to compare the impact of three months of intervention with diet plus nutritional orientation versus only nutritional orientation on the gut microbiota and metabolic-nutritional profile of outpatients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
Methods: It was a randomized clinical trial with 40 outpatients (49.48 ± 10.3 years), allocated in two groups: DIET group (n=20), who received diet (1.651.34 ± 263.25 kcal; 47% carbohydrates, 28% lipids, 25% proteins, 30 g fibers) and nutritional orientation, and control group (n = 20), which received only nutritional orientation.
Results: The DIET group, in relation to baseline, presented a reduction in body weight (p<0.001), BMI (p<0.001), waist circumference (p=0.001), percentage of fat (p=0.002), serum aspartate aminotransferase (p<0.001), alanine aminotransferase (p<0.001), γ-glutamyltransferase (p=0.001), glycemia (p=0.003), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (p=0.017), total cholesterol (p=0.014), and triacylglycerols (p=0.008), whereas the control group did not present changes. After intervention, the small intestinal bacterial overgrowth frequency was 30% in the DIET group and 45% in the control group (p=0.327). In the DIET group, an increase in the density of total microorganisms (3.76 ± 7.17 x 10 8 cells g -1 ; p=0.048) was detected, while in the control group reduced Bacteroidetes (-0.77 ± 2.01 x 10 8 cells g -1 , p=0.044) and Verrucomicrobiales (-0.46 ± 0.75 x 10 8 cells g -1 ; p=0.022) were observed.
Conclusions: The results suggest that exclusively dietary modifications contribute to health promotion in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and should be the basis of nutritional treatment for this condition.
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Олег Миколайович Мелащенко, Лев Михайлович Рижков e А. М. Лукавий. "ASSESSING THE ACCURACY OF THE ANGULAR ORIENTATION OF THE MICROSATELLITE BY KALMAN UNDER UNCERTAINTY AND MEASUREMENT NOISE". MECHANICS OF GYROSCOPIC SYSTEMS, n. 27 (6 ottobre 2014): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/0203-377127201437914.
Abstract (sommario):
At present, not enough attention is paid to the impact of uncertainty Earth's magnetic field, taking into account the errors of the sensor of the sun, setting errors inertia tensor microsatellite (MS) and noise measurements.This paper considers the problem of evaluating the accuracy of the angular orientation of the MS Kalman filter (FK) under uncertainty and measurement noise. Included instrumental errors and inaccurate meters mathematical model of MS.To solve this problem based simulation model of MS, where the mathematical tools used quaternion algebra. As of position sensors used magnetometer and sun sensor.The research of precision angular orientation of MS using positional sensors and FC in the presence of instrumental errors and uncertainties meters mathematical model of MS. A study evaluating the accuracy of the sensor orientation at the hit of the Sun in Earth's shadow.This study showed a significant effect of instrumental errors and uncertainties meters mathematical model of MS on the error estimation of the angular orientation of the metabolic syndrome, in particular, a significant impact inaccurate model of the geomagnetic field. FC is particularly sensitive to the absence of information from the sensor due to the sun getting MS in Earth's shadow.
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Kaczmarz, Stephan, Jens Göttler, Claus Zimmer, Fahmeed Hyder e Christine Preibisch. "Characterizing white matter fiber orientation effects on multi-parametric quantitative BOLD assessment of oxygen extraction fraction". Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 40, n. 4 (5 aprile 2019): 760–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0271678x19839502.
Abstract (sommario):
Relative oxygen extraction fraction (rOEF) is a fundamental indicator of cerebral metabolic function. An easily applicable method for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) based rOEF mapping is the multi-parametric quantitative blood oxygenation level dependent (mq-BOLD) approach with separate acquisitions of transverse relaxation times [Formula: see text] and T2 and dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) based relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV). Given that transverse relaxation and rCBV in white matter (WM) strongly depend on nerve fiber orientation, mq-BOLD derived rOEF is expected to be affected as well. To investigate fiber orientation related rOEF artefacts, we present a methodological study characterizing anisotropy effects of WM as measured by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) on mq-BOLD in 30 healthy volunteers. Using a 3T clinical MRI-scanner, we performed a comprehensive correlation of all parameters ([Formula: see text], T2, [Formula: see text], rCBV, rOEF, where [Formula: see text]=1/[Formula: see text]–1/T2) with DTI-derived fiber orientation towards the main magnetic field (B0). Our results confirm strong dependencies of transverse relaxation and rCBV on the nerve fiber orientation towards B0, with anisotropy-driven variations up to 37%. Comparably weak orientation-dependent variations of mq-BOLD derived rOEF (3.8%) demonstrate partially counteracting influences of [Formula: see text] and rCBV effects, possibly suggesting applicability of rOEF as an oxygenation sensitive biomarker. However, unresolved issues warrant caution when applying mq-BOLD to WM.
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Vieira, C. M., V. L. S. Chvatal, S. N. Cordeiro e E. R. Turato. "Psychological life experiences facing chronic diseases for patients with metabolic syndrome and impacts reported about health promotion in the Southeast Brazil: A clinical qualitative study". European Psychiatry 26, S2 (marzo 2011): 737. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)72442-7.
Abstract (sommario):
IntroductionReceiving and understanding the psychological and sociocultural aspects associated to both health problems and difficulties to make the eating behaviour changes are relevant issues when treating individuals with Metabolic Syndrome.Objective and aimsThe reports given by chronic individuals in the present study allowed for analyzing the subjective expressions related to food, treatment management and patient adherence to self care propositions.MethodsIn-depth semi-directed interviews with open-ended questions, with psychodynamic orientation in the conducting dialogues were performed with nine patients from the endocrinology outpatient service of a public university hospital located in Southeast Brazil. From this broader objective, a selection was made of some experiences reported by the subjects, which were related to the process of managing treatment and eating behaviour, implied in chronic metabolic disorders.ResultsIn this work, elements that mediate the process of developing autonomy in eating habits, living with the illnesses and vulnerability factors experiences by Metabolic Syndrome patients are identified in this study.ConclusionThe interdisciplinary character of the present study promoted the valorisation of the practice of listening to the psychological and cultural meanings of eating behaviours, hence offering contributions regarding the nutritional care of individuals with Metabolic Syndrome.
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Klaassen, M. "Metabolic constraints on long-distance migration in birds". Journal of Experimental Biology 199, n. 1 (1 gennaio 1996): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.199.1.57.
Abstract (sommario):
The flight range of migrating birds depends crucially on the amount of fuel stored by the bird prior to migration or taken up en route at stop-over sites. However, an increase in body mass is associated with an increase in energetic costs, counteracting the benefit of fuel stores. Water imbalance, occurring when water loss exceeds metabolic water production, may constitute another less well recognised problem limiting flight range. The main route of water loss during flight is via the lungs; the rate of loss depends on ambient temperature, relative humidity and ventilatory flow and increases with altitude. Metabolite production results in an increased plasma osmolality, also endangering the proper functioning of the organism during flight. Energetic constraints and water-balance problems may interact in determining several aspects of flight behaviour, such as altitude of flight, mode of flight, lap distance and stop-over duration. To circumvent energetic and water-balance problems, a bird could migrate in short hops instead of long leaps if crossing of large ecological barriers can be avoided. However, although necessitating larger fuel stores and being more expensive, migration by long leaps may sometimes be faster than by short hops. Time constraints are also an important factor in explaining why soaring, which conserves energy and water, occurs exclusively in very large species: small birds can soar at low speeds only. Good navigational skills involving accurate orientation and assessment of altitude and air and ground speed assist in avoiding physiological stress during migration.
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Grishina, Zh V., G. A. Makarova, S. A. Bazanovich, S. M. Chernuha, M. Ya Yadgarov, V. S. Feshchenko, A. A. Pavlova, E. A. Anisimov, T. A. Yashin e A. V. Zholinskij. "Hidden metabolic disorders in high-class athletes". Sports medicine: research and practice 10, n. 4 (17 marzo 2021): 64–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.47529/2223-2524.2020.4.3.
Abstract (sommario):
Objective: to reveal the frequency of deviations occurrence in individual biochemical indicators, which can be markers of hidden metabolicconditioned deviations in the health of athletes.Materials and methods. Members of sports teams of Russia at the age of 16 to 38 years were examined. The total number of examined athletes was 5245: 3167 were male athletes and 2078 were female athletes. We studied 25 indicators of the biochemical composition of blood, showing latent metabolic disorders and the activity of its regulators, negative shifts in the functional state of individual physiological systems of the body and possible damage to tissues of individual organs.Results. Reference ranges and their centile gradations were calculated on the basis of a large array of data for 25 biochemical parameters. The use of centile gradations in assessing the values of blood biochemical parameters, recorded during the current monitoring in athletes, makes it possible to establish the vector of their changes and timely make changes in the volume and orientation of training loads, as well as to reasonably develop individualized programs for the athlete’s metabolic support. The use of the centile approach and the formation on its basis of gradation scales for each of the studied blood biochemical parameters also made it possible to establish the percentage of persons with significant deviations in certain biochemical parameters among the studied sample of athletes, admitted to the training process within the framework of in-depth medical examinations (DMO).Conclusion: such deviations from the norm may indicate hidden metabolic disorders that occur against the background of professional sports loads, and in the absence of timely compensation, they can lead to a breakdown in adaptation and the development of various metabolic-related pathologies
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Bairy, Partha Sarathi. "PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTOR-GAMMA, AN EMERGING POTENTIAL TARGET TO COMBAT METABOLIC DISORDER". Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 10, n. 12 (1 dicembre 2017): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i12.21596.
Abstract (sommario):
Day-by-day metabolic disorder/syndrome (MS) falling in love with current lifestyle status of everyone especially after study age group of people. If we look carefully around us, we will see evidence is growing up of diabetic, obese, and hypertensive population regularly. In urgencies of above view extensive literature survey has been done prioritizing prevalence of metabolic disorder and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ) as potential target protein. This review covered current status of MS emphasizing diabetes along with its management criteria. Special importance is given to PPAR-γ exploring its metabolic regulation and structural orientation for understanding ligand-protein interaction. Development of PPAR-γ agonist thiazolidinediones (TZDs) and other pharmacodynamic importance of this nuclear receptor also discussed. Being as nuclear receptor more genomics exploitation needs to be done emphasizing minimization of cardiac adverse effect. Selective PPAR modulator (SPPRM), TZDs are the master regulator of adipogenesis and angiogenesis which makes TZD more interesting topic to explore. Developmental hierarchy suggests that in a few years from now PPAR-γ won’t be in the list of double edge sword.
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Rabins, Peter V. "Psychosocial and Management Aspects of Delirium". International Psychogeriatrics 3, n. 2 (dicembre 1991): 319–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610291000765.
Abstract (sommario):
Data to demonstrate that psychosocial factors, sensory deprivation, or sleep deprivation alone can cause delirium are few. Nonetheless, these factors or conditions may contribute to the development or symptom presentation of a delirium when other metabolic or toxic etiologies are present. There is likewise little research on the appropriate treatment of the delirious patient. Clinical experience suggests that attention to the patient's psychological state through frequent orientation, emotional support, and frequent explanation can help. Low-dose neuroleptic drugs are occasionally useful and necessary.
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Yasmin, Sabina, Ndumiso N. Mhlongo, Mahmoud E. Soliman, Saraswathy GR e Venkatesan Jayaprakash. "Comparative Design, In Silico Dockingand Predictive ADME/ TOX Properties of Some Novel 2, 4-hydroxy Derivatives of Thiazolidine-2, 4-diones as PPARγ Modulator". JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY 4, n. 2 (25 maggio 2017): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.14805/jphchem.2017.art74.
Abstract (sommario):
Peroxisome proliferated receptors (PPARs) are important targets for drugs used in the treatment of various metabolic disorders. We have reported 4-hydroxy benzylidene derivatives of thiazolidine-2,4-diones with reversed orientation in the active site of PPARγin our earlier communication. With the reversed conformation of TZD, fitting the established pharmacophore was discussed. The current simulation studies revolves around the 2,4-dihydroxy benzylidene derivatives expecting H-bonding interactions similar to Rosiglitazone’s acidic head. The docking protocol was validated by enrichment studies using decoys and actives from DUD. Designed compounds were showing interactions similar to the actives in the top 10%, 5% and 1%. They also exhibited H-bonding interactions similar to their monohydroxy counterparts without any additional H-bonding interactions due to introduction of additional hydroxy functional groups. Predicted ADMET report reveals that 5 molecules show favourable hERG-I and -II properties and nine compounds show best metabolic stability.
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Shilkar, Deepak, e Sabina Yasmin. "Molecular Docking Studies of Novel Thiazolidinedionederivatives as PPARγ Modulators". Journal of Pharmaceutical Chemistry 9 (14 dicembre 2023): 12–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.14805/jphchem.2023.art124.
Abstract (sommario):
Thiazolidinediones (TZDs), a well-known target of peroxisome proliferated receptors (PPARγ), have been clinically used as antidiabetic agents. PPARs belong to the nuclear receptor superfamily and are important targets (PPARs) for drugs that treat various metabolic disorders such as diabetes. We present comparative research on the meta-para substitution of benzylidene derivatives of thiazolidine-2,4-diones to identify their potential as modulators of PPARγ. PPARs are key drug targets in treating a range of metabolic disorders. In our previous study, we described 4-hydroxy benzylidene derivatives of thiazolidine-2,4-diones that exhibited a reversed orientation in the active site of PPARγ. The established pharmacophore was also discussed concerning the reversed conformation of the TZD fitting. In current silico studies, a focus is placed on meta-para-substituted benzylidene derivatives to identify H-bonding interactions analogous to those observed in the acidic head of rosiglitazone. All designed compounds exhibited strong hydrogen bonding interactions and displayed superior interaction energies compared to their monohydroxy counterparts. The results of a predicted ADMET report indicated that all molecules exhibited favourable hERG I & II properties, suggesting excellent metabolic stability.
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Niedermeyer, E. "The Clinical Relevance of EEG Interpretation". Clinical Electroencephalography 34, n. 3 (luglio 2003): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155005940303400303.
Abstract (sommario):
There is need nowadays to re-emphasize the capabilities of electroencephalography: a method representing the extremely important function/dysfunction-orientation in neurological thinking and practice. Valuable and relevant messages to the clinician naturally require solid EEG training and the resulting expertise. The idea that valuable EEG information is limited to the field of epileptology is erroneous. A plethora of clinically relevant messages can be derived from the EEG in nonepileptic conditions and, above all, in metabolic (and so called “mixed”) encephalopathies where neuroimaging has almost nothing to offer. The discussion of EEG and epileptology only skirts pediatric conditions (and most of the epileptic syndromes). It is shown that EEG reading in epileptology is a lot more than simply “hunting spikes.” A strong plea is being made against the presently fashionable overuse of the term “non-convulsive status epilepticus.” Continuing neglect of functional/dysfunctional orientation can seriously endanger the entire field of Neurology.
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Sánchez-Pernaute, Andrés, Miguel Angel Rubio Herrera, Elia Pérez-Aguirre, Pablo Talavera e Antonio J. Torres. "521 Single-Anastomosis Duodeno-Ileal Bypass With Sleeve Gastrectomy (SADI-S): A Simplified Duodenal Switch With Metabolic Orientation". Gastroenterology 142, n. 5 (maggio 2012): S—1027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5085(12)63976-6.
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Kopcewicz, Katarzyna A., Thomas W. O'Rourke e Daniel Reines. "Metabolic Regulation of IMD2 Transcription and an Unusual DNA Element That Generates Short Transcripts". Molecular and Cellular Biology 27, n. 8 (12 febbraio 2007): 2821–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.02159-06.
Abstract (sommario):
ABSTRACT Transcriptional regulation of IMD2 in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) is governed by the concentration of intracellular guanine nucleotide pools. The mechanism by which pool size is measured and transduced to the transcriptional apparatus is unknown. Here we show that DNA sequences surrounding the IMD2 initiation site constitute a repressive element (RE) involved in guanine regulation that contains a novel transcription-blocking activity. When this regulatory region is placed downstream of a heterologous promoter, short poly(A)+ transcripts are generated. The element is orientation dependent, and sequences within the normally transcribed and nontranscribed regions of the element are required for its activity. The promoter-proximal short RNAs are unstable and serve as substrates for the nuclear exosome. These findings support a model in which intergenic short transcripts emanating from upstream of the IMD2 promoter are terminated by a polyadenylation/terminator-like signal embedded within the IMD2 transcription start site.
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Vieira, Carla Maria, Vera Lúcia Soares Chvatal, Silvia Nogueira Cordeiro e Egberto Ribeiro Turato. "Nutrition and self-care practices of patients with chronic Metabolic Syndrome: a qualitative study". Acta Paulista de Enfermagem 25, n. 4 (31 luglio 2012): 537–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-21002012005000017.
Abstract (sommario):
OBJECTIVE: To analyze subjective aspects of eating habits and self-care of patients living with chronic symptoms linked to metabolic syndrome. METHODS: A clinical and qualitative (exploratory, non-experimental) study, conducted with an intentionally small sample of nine patients in treatment at an outpatient endocrinology clinic of a university hospital in São Paulo, Brazil. The sample was closed when data saturation occurred. The in-depth interviews were conducted with a psychodynamic orientation toward the conduct of dialogues. The categorization of the discourse was developed through content analysis. The psychodynamic approach provided a theoretical reference complemented by social anthropology. RESULTS: Eating habits have been revealed as mediators of autonomy and as a source of vulnerability in the process of coping with chronic illness. Reception and understanding of the psychological and cultural aspects of food are needed in treatment faced with the difficulty of establishing changes in eating behavior. CONCLUSION: This is a contribution of an interdisciplinary approach that values listening subjectivity during treatment.
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Ortega-Jimenez, Victor M., Nir Sapir, Marta Wolf, Evan A. Variano e Robert Dudley. "Into turbulent air: size-dependent effects of von Kármán vortex streets on hummingbird flight kinematics and energetics". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281, n. 1783 (22 maggio 2014): 20140180. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.0180.
Abstract (sommario):
Animal fliers frequently move through a variety of perturbed flows during their daily aerial routines. However, the extent to which these perturbations influence flight control and energetic expenditure is essentially unknown. Here, we evaluate the kinematic and metabolic consequences of flight within variably sized vortex shedding flows using five Anna's hummingbirds feeding from an artificial flower in steady control flow and within vortex wakes produced behind vertical cylinders. Tests were conducted at three horizontal airspeeds (3, 6 and 9 m s −1 ) and using three different wake-generating cylinders (with diameters equal to 38, 77 and 173% of birds' wing length). Only minimal effects on wing and body kinematics were demonstrated for flight behind the smallest cylinder, whereas flight behind the medium-sized cylinder resulted in significant increases in the variances of wingbeat frequency, and variances of body orientation, especially at higher airspeeds. Metabolic rate was, however, unchanged relative to that of unperturbed flight. Hummingbirds flying within the vortex street behind the largest cylinder exhibited highest increases in variances of wingbeat frequency, and of body roll, pitch and yaw amplitudes at all measured airspeeds. Impressively, metabolic rate under this last condition increased by up to 25% compared with control flights. Cylinder wakes sufficiently large to interact with both wings can thus strongly affect stability in flight, eliciting compensatory kinematic changes with a consequent increase in flight metabolic costs. Our findings suggest that vortical flows frequently encountered by aerial taxa in diverse environments may impose substantial energetic costs.
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Korchagina, Ya A., V. T. Dolgikh, O. V. Leonov e A. V. Erschov. "NUTRIENT CORRECTION OF FUNCTIONAL AND METABOLIC DISORDERS IN CHILDREN WITH CEREBRAL MEDULLOBLASTOMA". Russian Journal of Oncology 22, n. 2 (15 aprile 2017): 66–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/1028-9984-2017-22-2-66-71.
Abstract (sommario):
The goal is to assess the effectiveness of the use of nutritional support in children with medulloblastoma after surgical treatment and standard radiotherapy. Material and methods. We examined and treated 80 children with cerebellar medulloblastoma, aged of from 6 to 16 years. The treatment was complete surgical removal of the tumor with subsequent chemoradiation therapy (40 children) and nutritional support in the form of isocaloric mixture Nutricomp Standard Liquid (40 children). Hematological and biochemical indices were evaluated before and after treatment for 60 days. Results. There were revealed anemia, thrombocytopenia, lymphocytopenia and monocytopenia. There was diagnosed the partial functional liver failure. As a result of liver failure and catabolic orientation of biochemical processes there was revealed the accumulation of oxidized products of carbohydrate and nitrogen metabolism. Nutrients were found to contribute to less secondary alteration and faster tissue repair, normalize the intensity of processes of free-radical oxidation, detoxification processes and haematopoiesis, synthesis and catabolism, the intensity of metabolic reactions. Conclusion. The introduction of nutrients in the complex chemotherapy of children with cerebral medulloblastoma contributes to normal metabolism of macro- and micronutrients, as well as to processes directly linked and dependent on their concentration, less secondary alteration and faster tissue repair, normalize the intensity of processes of free-radical oxidation, detoxification processes and haematopoiesis, synthesis and catabolism, the intensity of metabolic reactions
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Rouquet, Géraldine, Gaëlle Porcheron, Claire Barra, Maryline Répérant, Nathalie K. Chanteloup, Catherine Schouler e Philippe Gilot. "A Metabolic Operon in Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli Promotes Fitness under Stressful Conditions and Invasion of Eukaryotic Cells". Journal of Bacteriology 191, n. 13 (17 aprile 2009): 4427–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00103-09.
Abstract (sommario):
ABSTRACT We identified a carbohydrate metabolic operon (frz) that is highly associated with extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) strains. The frz operon codes for three subunits of a phosphoenolpyruvate:carbohydrate phosphotransferase system (PTS) transporter of the fructose subfamily, for a transcriptional activator of PTSs of the MgA family, for two type II ketose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolases, for a sugar-specific kinase (repressor, open reading frame, kinase family [ROK]), and for a protein of the cupin superfamily. We proved that the frz operon promotes bacterial fitness under stressful conditions, such as oxygen restriction, late stationary phase of growth, or growth in serum or in the intestinal tract. Furthermore, we showed that frz is involved in adherence to and internalization in human type II pneumocytes, human enterocytes, and chicken liver cells by favoring the ON orientation of the fim operon promoter and thus acting on the expression of type 1 fimbriae, which are the major ExPEC adhesins. Both the PTS activator and the metabolic enzymes encoded by the frz operon are involved in these phenotypes.
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Koshel, Ivanna. "Level of Arachidonic Acid and State of Peroxidation Processes in Patients with Aspirin-Intolerant Polypous Rhinosinusitis". Galician Medical Journal 23, n. 4 (5 novembre 2016): 2016410. http://dx.doi.org/10.21802/gmj.2016.4.10.
Abstract (sommario):
The main peculiarity of aspirin-intolerant polypous rhinosinusitis pathogenesis is the presence of “genetic block” of constitutive cyclooxygenase being the key enzyme of the arachidonic acid metabolism. It justifies the necessity of studying its metabolic peculiarities.The objective of the research was to determine the level of arachidonic acid as well as the state of lipid and protein peroxidation processes in patients with aspirin-intolerant polypous rhinosinusitis.Materials and methods. The levels of arachidonic acid, malondialdehyde and oxidative modification of serum proteins were studied in 20 patients with aspirin-intolerant polypous rhinosinusitis and 7 healthy individuals.Results. Significantly elevated levels of arachidonic levels were observed. The search for alternative metabolic pathways stimulated lipid and protein peroxidation processes and led to the increase in the levels of malondialdehyde and oxidative modification of serum proteins. The peculiarities of biochemical changes indicated pro-inflammatory orientation of lipid metabolism.Conclusions. The obtained data confirmed the hypothesis of “genetic block” of the arachidonic acid metabolism as the main pathogenetic component of aspirin-intolerant polypous rhinosinusitis and allowed us to clearly interpret biochemical picture of the disease.
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Vasilenko, Vladimir S., Evgeniya S. Semenova e Yuliya B. Semenova. "Blood lipids in athletes depending on the orientation of the training process". Pediatrician (St. Petersburg) 8, n. 2 (15 marzo 2017): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ped8210-14.
Abstract (sommario):
Sports form the metabolic response caused by the body’s adaptation to increased physical stress, which leads to the restructuring of metabolism for energy and plastic maintenance of sport activities. The restructuring of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism is caused primarily by the increasing energy request body, depending on type and intensity of sports activity. In this research blood serum lipids were studied depending on the orientation of the training process. A total of 108 athletes (men and women) aged 15 to 20 years of different sports qualification (I sports category, Candidate Master of Sports and Master of Sports) were examined, and a control group of 28 persons of the same age and gender. Depending of the direction of the training process there were isolated 3 groups: cyclical sport that develops mainly endurance (academic rowing); sports of complex nature (football, volleyball, handball and Nordic combined); and complex coordinated sports (artistic gymnastics). Were studied: total cholesterol, high density lipoproteins, low-density lipoproteins, atherogenic coefficient and triglycerides. The study was conducted in the preparatory period of the training cycle. The research had shown that the level of blood lipids depends on the orientation of training process and sports training. The most marked reduction of total cholesterol and high-density lipoproteins has been observed both in men and women in cyclic kinds of sports, developing mainly stamina that indicates that intense exercise in athletes who train primarily for endurance, cause the connection of lipids to the processes of energy supply of muscle activity.
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Schmid, Micaela, e Marco Schieppati. "Neck muscle fatigue and spatial orientation during stepping in place in humans". Journal of Applied Physiology 99, n. 1 (luglio 2005): 141–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00494.2004.
Abstract (sommario):
Neck proprioceptive input, as elicited by muscle vibration, can produce destabilizing effects on stance and locomotion. Neck muscle fatigue produces destabilizing effects on stance, too. Our aim was to assess whether neck muscle fatigue can also perturb the orientation in space during a walking task. Direction and amplitude of the path covered during stepping in place were measured in 10 blindfolded subjects, who performed five 30-s stepping trials before and after a 5-min period of isometric dorsal neck muscle contraction against a load. Neck muscle electromyogram amplitude and median frequency during the head extensor effort were used to compute a fatigue index. Head and body kinematics were recorded by an optoelectronic system, and stepping cadence was measured by sensorized insoles. Before the contraction period, subjects normally stepped on the spot or drifted forward. After contraction, some subjects reproduced the same behavior, whereas others reduced their forward progression or even stepped backward. The former subjects showed minimal signs of fatigue and the latter ones marked signs of fatigue, as quantified by the dorsal neck electromyogram index. Head position and cadence were unaffected in either group of subjects. We argue that the abnormal fatigue-induced afferent input originating in the receptors transducing the neck muscle metabolic state can modulate the egocentric spatial reference frame. Notably, the effects of neck muscle fatigue on orientation are opposite to those produced by neck proprioception. The neck represents a complex source of inputs capable of modifying our orientation in space during a locomotor task.
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Flerchuk, Viktor, Vasyl Antonets e Oleksandr Mozolyuk. "Determining the correlation between pedagogical tests and the result of total distances in kayaking". Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. Series 15. Scientific and pedagogical problems of physical culture (physical culture and sports), n. 9(154) (3 ottobre 2022): 114–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31392/npu-nc.series15.2022.9(154).25.
Abstract (sommario):
The article examines the relationship between pedagogical tests and sports results at competitive distances, in kayaking. A well-grounded complex of informative pedagogical tests has been developed, which should be used to orient athletes for competitive distances of 200, 500, 1000 m, and when building a training process at the stages of preliminary and specialized basic training. For sports orientation at the stage of specialized basic training in kayaking, tests are offered that have a high probability of correlation with sports results at competitive distances. To determine the ability of rowers to sprint 200 m, experts suggest using tests characterizing power qualities, maximum power and power endurance, as well as speed capabilities. Athletes who demonstrate high speed at distances of 200 m have higher indicators of the efficiency of metabolic processes in conditions of intense work. When increasing the speed of passing tests, which determine speed capabilities, a high level of activity of anaerobic processes and the speed of deployment of functional reactions under the conditions of test loads in laboratory conditions are observed. A group of athletes specializing in the competitive distance of 500 m is characterized by a high level of anaerobic productivity, this group of athletes differs from other groups by the priority of tests in general physical training, high indicators of strength endurance, speed capabilities, speed and general endurance.
The high speed of passing the distance is associated with the manifestation of speed endurance and is mutually determined by the high efficiency of metabolic processes. At the same time, high activity of metabolic processes at a distance of 500 m and high activity of glycolysis were noted, which is confirmed by the positive correlation of indicators. For athletes specializing in the distance of 1000 m, the aerobic power of the body's systems is the leading one, and the main physical quality is endurance. Tests characterizing the aerobic power of body systems are defined as informative. Significant relationships were identified among strength endurance tests. The connection of sports results at different competitive distances with pedagogical tests, which are proposed to be used in the training activities of kayakers for their orientation to specific competitive distances, has been confirmed.
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Gunina, L. M., K. M. Milashius, A. A. Chernozub, S. I. Danylchenko e V. L. Voitenko. "Improving the Training of Qualified Athletes-Students by Modern Nutritiological Technologies". Ukraïnsʹkij žurnal medicini, bìologìï ta sportu 6, n. 5 (27 ottobre 2021): 445–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.26693/jmbs06.05.445.
Abstract (sommario):
Currently, a significant part of highly qualified athletes are students of higher educational institutions at the same time, which manifests itself not only in an ultra-high level of physical activity, but also in significant psycho-emotional stress. Therefore, the search and introduction of modern technologies in the process of sports training, including pharmacological, hygienic, rehabilitation, etc. are continuing. An essential place among such technologies is occupied by a comprehensive methodology of nutrition-metabolic support of the training process, built on the principles of evidence-based medicine and using the latest achievements of laboratory and functional diagnostics, biochemistry and pharmacology. The purpose of the study is the formation of ideas about the necessity, validity and effectiveness of nutritive-metabolic support of the process of sports training of students of higher education institutions. Nutrition-metabolic support is part of a sporting nutritiology that possesses all the features of basic science – terms, definitions, and at the same time has great practical significance, helping to form relevant and well-grounded programs of nutrition-metabolic support of the training and competitive process of athletes, as well as to contribute to preservation the health and quality of life of athletes. This position is particularly important in student sports, where the body of an athlete is exposed to additional stressors due to the complexity of the need for a rational and effective combination of the educational and training process of highly qualified athletes. Conclusion. The applied nutritive-metabolic technologies such as methods of metabolic support of motor activity should take into account the specialization and qualifications of athletes, their gender-age characteristics and should be applied depending on the training period and the orientation of the loads. In connection with the improvement and tightening of doping control, it is extremely important that sports nutrition products and special nutritional supplements that are widely used to optimize the functional state of the athlete's body and maintain their health and quality of life do not contain substances related to the World Anti-Doping Agency Prohibited List, while ensuring a pronounced ergogenic effect
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de Siqueira, Lilian, Nilza Ribeiro, Maria B. A. Paredes, Liliana Grenho, Cassilda Cunha-Reis, Eliandra S. Trichês, Maria H. Fernandes, Susana R. Sousa e Fernando J. Monteiro. "Influence of PLLA/PCL/HA Scaffold Fiber Orientation on Mechanical Properties and Osteoblast Behavior". Materials 12, n. 23 (24 novembre 2019): 3879. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12233879.
Abstract (sommario):
Scaffolds based on aligned and non-aligned poly (L-lactic acid) (PLLA)/polycaprolactone (PCL) fibers obtained by electrospinning, associated to electrosprayed hydroxyapatite (HA) for tissue engineering applications were developed and their performance was compared in terms of their morphology and biological and mechanical behaviors. The morphological results assessed by scanning electron microscopy showed a mesh of PLLA/PCL fibers (random and perfectly aligned) associated with aggregates of nanophased HA. Fourier transform infrared spectrometry confirmed the homogeneity in the blends and the presence of nanoHA in the scaffold. As a result of fiber alignment a 15-fold increase in Young’s Modulus and an 8-fold increase in tensile strength were observed when compared to non-aligned fibers. In PLLA/PCL/HA scaffolds, the introduction of nanoHA caused a remarkable improvement of the mechanical strength of this material acting as a reinforcement, enhancing the response of these constructs to tensile stress. In vitro testing was evaluated using osteoblast (MC3T3-E1) cells. The results showed that both fibrous scaffolds were able to support osteoblast cell adhesion and proliferation and that fiber alignment induced increased cellular metabolic activity. In addition, the adhesion and proliferation of Staphylococcus aureus were evaluated and a lower number of colony forming units (CFUs) was obtained in the scaffolds with aligned fibers.
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Rincón-Limas, D. E., D. A. Krueger e P. I. Patel. "Functional characterization of the human hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase gene promoter: evidence for a negative regulatory element". Molecular and Cellular Biology 11, n. 8 (agosto 1991): 4157–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.11.8.4157-4164.1991.
Abstract (sommario):
The enzyme hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) catalyzes the metabolic salvage of the purine bases hypoxanthine and guanine. We previously characterized the genomic structure of the human HPRT gene and described its promoter sequence. In this report, we identify cis-acting transcriptional control regions of the human HPRT gene by linking various 5'-flanking sequences to the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene. The sequence from positions -219 to -122 relative to the translation initiation site is required for maximal expression of this gene, and it functions equally in both normal and reverse orientations. In addition, a cis-acting negative element is present in the region spanning from positions -570 to -388. This negative element can also repress promoters of heterologous genes, such as those of adenosine deaminase and dihydrofolate reductase, which are structurally and functionally similar to the human HPRT promoter. Furthermore, this repressor element functions independently of its orientation but appears to be distance dependent. In vivo competition assays demonstrated that the trans-acting factor(s) that binds to this negative element specifically inhibits human HPRT promoter activity. Taken together, these data localize cis-acting sequences important in the regulation of human HPRT gene expression and should allow the study of protein-DNA interactions which modulate the transcription of this gene.
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Rincón-Limas, D. E., D. A. Krueger e P. I. Patel. "Functional characterization of the human hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase gene promoter: evidence for a negative regulatory element." Molecular and Cellular Biology 11, n. 8 (agosto 1991): 4157–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.11.8.4157.
Abstract (sommario):
The enzyme hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) catalyzes the metabolic salvage of the purine bases hypoxanthine and guanine. We previously characterized the genomic structure of the human HPRT gene and described its promoter sequence. In this report, we identify cis-acting transcriptional control regions of the human HPRT gene by linking various 5'-flanking sequences to the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene. The sequence from positions -219 to -122 relative to the translation initiation site is required for maximal expression of this gene, and it functions equally in both normal and reverse orientations. In addition, a cis-acting negative element is present in the region spanning from positions -570 to -388. This negative element can also repress promoters of heterologous genes, such as those of adenosine deaminase and dihydrofolate reductase, which are structurally and functionally similar to the human HPRT promoter. Furthermore, this repressor element functions independently of its orientation but appears to be distance dependent. In vivo competition assays demonstrated that the trans-acting factor(s) that binds to this negative element specifically inhibits human HPRT promoter activity. Taken together, these data localize cis-acting sequences important in the regulation of human HPRT gene expression and should allow the study of protein-DNA interactions which modulate the transcription of this gene.
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Zhang, Ran, Huizhen Hu, Youmei Wang, Zhen Hu, Shuangfeng Ren, Jiaying Li, Boyang He et al. "A novel rice fragile culm 24 mutant encodes a UDP-glucose epimerase that affects cell wall properties and photosynthesis". Journal of Experimental Botany 71, n. 10 (17 febbraio 2020): 2956–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/eraa044.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract UDP-glucose epimerases (UGEs) are essential enzymes for catalysing the conversion of UDP-glucose (UDP-Glc) into UDP-galactose (UDP-Gal). Although UDP-Gal has been well studied as the substrate for the biosynthesis of carbohydrates, glycolipids, and glycoproteins, much remains unknown about the biological function of UGEs in plants. In this study, we selected a novel rice fragile culm 24 (Osfc24) mutant and identified it as a nonsense mutation of the FC24/OsUGE2 gene. The Osfc24 mutant shows a brittleness phenotype with significantly altered cell wall composition and disrupted orientation of the cellulose microfibrils. We found significantly reduced accumulation of arabinogalactan proteins in the cell walls of the mutant, which may consequently affect plant growth and cell wall deposition, and be responsible for the altered cellulose microfibril orientation. The mutant exhibits dwarfism and paler leaves with significantly decreased contents of galactolipids and chlorophyll, resulting in defects in plant photosynthesis. Based on our results, we propose a model for how OsUGE2 participates in two distinct metabolic pathways to co-modulate cellulose biosynthesis and cell wall assembly by dynamically providing UDP-Gal and UDP-Glc substrates.
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Dzampaeva, Zh V., F. S. Datieva, E. A. Takoeva e M. I. Nartikoeva. "Prevention and correction of behavioral disorders in rats with metabolic syndrome using a complex phytoadaptogen". Acta Biomedica Scientifica 9, n. 1 (27 marzo 2024): 233–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.29413/abs.2024-9.1.23.
Abstract (sommario):
The aim of the study. To assess the possibility of correction and prevention of behavioral disorders in rats with metabolic syndrome using a complex phytoadaptogen (CPA).Material and methods. The experiment was carried out on 30 male Wistar rats randomized into 3 groups: group 1 – control; group 2 – metabolic syndrome (MS); group 3 – treatment of metabolic syndrome using CPA. In groups 2 and 3, animals were on a high-carbohydrate and high-fat diet for 16 weeks. Group 3 received CPA for 14 days in drinking water after 16 weeks of a diet. CPA consists of official tinctures of Glycyrrhiza glabra, Rhodiola rosea, Acantopanax senticosus at a ratio of 1:2:1. Behavior was analyzed through the “open field” test using Realtimer software (Open Science, Russia). Data were analyzed using GraphPad Prism 8.03 software (GraphPad, USA).Results. The experiment proved that metabolic syndrome is accompanied by increased anxiety (decreased horizontal (p = 0.017) and vertical (p = 0.017) motor activity) and fear (increased periods of immobility (p = 0.011)) in the open field. When corrected with a complex phytoadaptogen, the time spent in the open and closed arms of the maze did not differ statistically significantly from the values of similar control indicators.Conclusion. Based on the data obtained in the group 3 (no statistically significant differences with control) – decreased manifestations of fear and anxiety (increased orientation and research activity) – we can talk about the effectiveness of complex phytoadaptogens as an anxiolytic. The mechanisms underlying this result remain to be explored, emphasizing the role of the autonomic nervous system, leptin and ghrelin in behavior and the influence of complex phytoadaptogens on them.
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Knysh, O. V., O. Y. Isayenko, O. V. Falko, Y. M. Babych, V. Y. Prokopyuk, O. S. Prokopyuk e M. S. Pogorila. "Cellular metabolic activity as a marker of cytotoxicity and immunotropicity of probiotics’ derivatives". Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems 9, n. 2 (11 maggio 2018): 223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/021833.
Abstract (sommario):
Structural components of cells and metabolites of probiotics with biologically active potential, along with the study of effectiveness, require a series of tests to ensure their safety. The study aims to test the cytotoxicity and potential of structural and metabolic derivatives of Bifidobacterium bifidum and Lactobacillus reuteri to affect the immunocompetent cells using in vitro tests that characterize the metabolic activity of test-cells. Structural components of probiotic bacteria were obtained by the physical method of disintegration – cyclic freezing-thawing. Metabolic derivatives were obtained by cultivation of producers – bifidobacteria and lactobacilli in their own disintegrates. Cultures of mouse embryonic fibroblasts and splenocytes were used as the test cells. MTT and Alamar Blue® were used as redox indicators. According to the MTT test, filtrates that contain structural and metabolic derivates at a concentration of 5% and 10% in the incubation medium did not cause significant changes in the metabolic activity of the embryonic mouse fibroblasts. An increase of up to 20% of content in the incubation medium of filtrates of lactobacilli disintegrates led to a reduction of metabolic activity of test cells by 52.7 ± 6.2%, of filtrates of bifidobacteria disintegrates – by 26.5 ± 6.5%, of filtrates of lactobacterium culture – by 15.7 ± 6.9%, of filtrates of bifidobacterium cultures - by 40.4 ± 6.8%. According to the Alamar Blue® test, filtrates that contained only structural derivatives of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria at concentrations of 5% and 10%, as well as filtrates that contained a complex of structural and metabolic derivatives at a concentration of 5%, did not cause significant changes in the reducing ability of mouse splenocytes. At concentrations of 10%, filtrate containing a complex of structural and metabolic derivatives of lactobacilli, caused the inhibition of metabolic activity of splenocytes by 14.6 ± 3.5%, and bifidobacteria – by 10.0 ± 2.8%. With the contents of the incubation medium at 20% concentration, the filtrate of the disintegrates of lactobacilli decreased the metabolic activity of splenocytes by 12.2 ± 3.0%, and the filtrate of lactobacillus cultures that were grown on their own disintegrates – by 43.2 ± 3.3%. Increasing the content of the disintegrate filtrate and the bifidobacteria culture that were grown on their own disintegrates in the culture medium by up to 20% led to a decrease the metabolic activity of splenocytes by 38.0 ± 2.0%. Thus, the research has shown: the orientation of changes in cellular metabolism under the influence of the studied biologically active derivatives is similar in all model systems, and their intensity depends on the type of test cells, regenerative substrates and concentration of the agent of influence in model systems. The obtained results stimulate further exploration of the immunotropicity of the investigated derivatives of probiotic bacteria and can be used for development of new immunobiological preparations.
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Feng, Xianmin, Chunlin Yang, Wenyu Zheng e Jianfan Wen. "Structural and evolutionary characteristics of pyruvate phosphate dikinase in Giardia lamblia and other amitochondriate protozoa". Chinese Medical Journal 127, n. 23 (5 dicembre 2014): 4097–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.issn.0366-6999.20141864.
Abstract (sommario):
Background Pyruvate phosphate dikinase (PPDK) reversibly catalyzes the interconversion of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) and pyruvic acid, leading to catabolism and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis or gluconeogenesis and ATP consumption. Molecular modeling of PPDKs from divergent organisms demonstrates that the orientation of the phosphorylatable histidine residue within the central domain of PPDK determines whether this enzyme promotes catabolism or gluconeogenesis. The goal of this study was to determine whether PDDK from Giardia underwent adaptive evolution in order to produce more energy under anaerobic conditions. Methods A total of 123 PPDK sequences from protozoans, proteobacteria, plants, and algae were selected, based upon sequence similarities to Giardia lamblia PPDK and Zea mays PPDK. Three-dimensional (3-D) models were generated for PPDKs from divergent organisms and were used to compare the orientation of the phosphorylatable histidine residue within the central domain of PPDKs. These PPDKs were compared using a maximum-likelihood tree. Results For PPDK from Giardia, as well as from other anaerobic protozoans, the central domain tilted toward the N-terminal nucleotide-binding domain, indicating that this enzyme catalyzed ATP synthesis. Furthermore, the orientation of this central domain was determined by interactions between the N- and C-terminal domains. Phylogenetic analysis of the N- and C-terminal sequences of PPDKs from different species suggested that PPDK has likely undergone adaptive evolution in response to differences in environmental and metabolic conditions. Conclusion These results suggested that PPDK in anaerobic organisms is functionally adapted to generate energy more efficiently in an anaerobic environment.
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Ma, Hongmei, Henrik H. Albert, Robert Paull e Paul H. Moore. "Metabolic engineering of invertase activities in different subcellular compartments affects sucrose accumulation in sugarcane cells". Functional Plant Biology 27, n. 11 (2000): 1021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp00029.
Abstract (sommario):
Transgenic sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) lines were created to express altered invertase isoform activity to elucidate the role(s) of invertase in the sucrose accumulation process. A sugarcane soluble acid invertase cDNA (SCINVm, AF062734) in the antisense orientation was used to decrease invertase activity. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae invertase gene (SUC2), fused with appropriate targeting elements, was used to increase invertase activity in the apoplast, cytoplasm and vacuole. A callus/liquid culture system was established to evaluate change in invertase activity and sugar concentration in the transgenic lines. Increased invertase activity in the apoplast led to rapid hydrolysis of sucrose and rapid increase of hexose in the medium. The cellular hexose content increased dramatically and the sucrose level decreased. Cells with higher cytoplasmic invertase activity did not show a significant change in the sugar composition in the medium, but did significantly reduce the sucrose content in the cells. Transformation with the sugarcane antisense acid invertase gene produced a cell line with moderate inhibition of soluble acid invertase activity and a 2-fold increase in sucrose accumulation. Overall, intracellular and extracellular sugar composition was very sensitive to the change in invertase activities. Lowering acid invertase activity increased sucrose accumulation.
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Levada, Kateryna, Alexander Omelyanchik, Valeria Rodionova, Ralf Weiskirchen e Matthias Bartneck. "Magnetic-Assisted Treatment of Liver Fibrosis". Cells 8, n. 10 (19 ottobre 2019): 1279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells8101279.
Abstract (sommario):
Chronic liver injury can be induced by viruses, toxins, cellular activation, and metabolic dysregulation and can lead to liver fibrosis. Hepatic fibrosis still remains a major burden on the global health systems. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are considered the main cause of liver fibrosis. Hepatic stellate cells are key targets in antifibrotic treatment, but selective engagement of these cells is an unresolved issue. Current strategies for antifibrotic drugs, which are at the critical stage 3 clinical trials, target metabolic regulation, immune cell activation, and cell death. Here, we report on the critical factors for liver fibrosis, and on prospective novel drugs, which might soon enter the market. Apart from the current clinical trials, novel perspectives for anti-fibrotic treatment may arise from magnetic particles and controlled magnetic forces in various different fields. Magnetic-assisted techniques can, for instance, enable cell engineering and cell therapy to fight cancer, might enable to control the shape or orientation of single cells or tissues mechanically. Furthermore, magnetic forces may improve localized drug delivery mediated by magnetism-induced conformational changes, and they may also enhance non-invasive imaging applications.
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Neil, Thomas R., e Graham N. Askew. "Swimming mechanics and propulsive efficiency in the chambered nautilus". Royal Society Open Science 5, n. 2 (febbraio 2018): 170467. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.170467.
Abstract (sommario):
The chambered nautilus ( Nautilus pompilius ) encounters severe environmental hypoxia during diurnal vertical movements in the ocean. The metabolic cost of locomotion ( C met ) and swimming performance depend on how efficiently momentum is imparted to the water and how long on-board oxygen stores last. While propulsive efficiency is generally thought to be relatively low in jet propelled animals, the low C met in Nautilus indicates that this is not the case. We measured the wake structure in Nautilus during jet propulsion swimming, to determine their propulsive efficiency. Animals swam with either an anterior-first or posterior-first orientation. With increasing swimming speed, whole cycle propulsive efficiency increased during posterior-first swimming but decreased during anterior-first swimming, reaching a maximum of 0.76. The highest propulsive efficiencies were achieved by using an asymmetrical contractile cycle in which the fluid ejection phase was relatively longer than the refilling phase, reducing the volume flow rate of the ejected fluid. Our results demonstrate that a relatively high whole cycle propulsive efficiency underlies the low C met in Nautilus , representing a strategy to reduce the metabolic demands in an animal that spends a significant part of its daily life in a hypoxic environment.
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Zazerskaja, I. Е., L. V. Kuznetsova, V. G. Jakovlev, L. А. Alexandrova, А. V. Djachuk, D. А. Niauri, S. A. Selkov e L. M. Dzhumaeva. "The features of bone exchange at women of eproductive age after bilateral ovariectomy". Journal of obstetrics and women's diseases 54, n. 3 (1 novembre 2005): 28–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/jowd83446.
Abstract (sommario):
The research of bone exchange in 80 women after bilateral ovariectomy and in 120 patients in natural menopause with duration of estrogen deficiency 4,30,6 years and 4,20,8 years respectively was performed. There were used the modern techniques of BMD estimation (DEXA) and biochemical markers of bone remodeling - N-MID osteocalcin, Pyrilincs D, Beta-Cross Laps, alkaline phosphatase. The identical orientation of infringements of bone exchange in both groups was revealed. However, at women after ovariectomy the osteoresorption occured more actively, despite on younger age of participants of research that finds reflection in low values of BMD in all parts of skeleton and high occurrence of bone rarefication. The most informative markers of bone exchange, promoting early diagnostics of metabolic osteopathy were revealed.
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Schulze-Makuch, Dirk, e Louis N. Irwin. "Life Unknown: Preliminary Scheme for a Magnetotrophic Organism". Life 13, n. 7 (26 giugno 2023): 1446. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life13071446.
Abstract (sommario):
No magnetotrophic organism on Earth is known to use magnetic fields as an energy source or the storage of information. However, a broad diversity of life forms is sensitive to magnetic fields and employs them for orientation and navigation, among other purposes. If the magnetic field strength were much larger, such as that on planets around neutron stars or magnetars, metabolic energy could be obtained from these magnetic fields in principle. Here, we introduce three hypothetical models of magnetotrophic organisms that obtain energy via the Lorentz force. Even if an organism uses magnetic fields only as an energy source, but otherwise is relying on biochemistry, this organism would be by definition a magnetotrophic form of life as we do not know it.
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Al-Ghaithi, Ahmed, John Husband e Sultan Al-Maskari. "Analysis of Bone Microarchitectural Changes and Structural Damage in Sickle Cell Disease-Induced Avascular Necrosis Using Raman Spectroscopy". Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal [SQUMJ] 21, n. 2 (21 giugno 2021): e297-301. http://dx.doi.org/10.18295/squmj.2021.21.02.020.
Abstract (sommario):
Objectives: Bone failure due to avascular necrosis (AVN) is a complex pathological phenomenon. Analysis of molecular changes in the bone matrix may help to shed light on the disease process and guide management. This study aimed to explore changes in bone quality and structural damage caused by sickle cell disease (SCD)- induced AVN using Raman spectroscopy. Methods: A total of 10 necrotic femoral heads were obtained from seven SCD patients who underwent total hip replacements. The femoral heads were cut in half and scanned using Raman spectroscopy in correlation with preoperative magnetic resonance imaging to identify necrotic and healthy control areas. Subsequently, samples were examined to determine changes in bone mineralisation, crystallinity, carbonate content, collagen cross-linking and mineral and collagen fibril orientation. Results: Significant changes were observed in bone mineral content, mineral-to-organic content and collagen fibril orientation in necrotic compared to control areas (P ≤0.050). Conclusion: The necrotic samples displayed severe structural damage and loss of mineral and organic contents. Similar Raman signals have been reported in other metabolic bone diseases such as osteoporosis, thereby potentially supporting the use of medical treatment in AVN to promote bone quality.
Keywords: Sickle Cell Disease; Osteonecrosis; Femur Head Necrosis; Bone Mineralization; Bone Density; Bone Remodeling; Extracellular Matrix; Raman Spectroscopy.