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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Membrane separation"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 1 agosto 2024

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Membrane separation"

Saha, S. N. "Membrane Separations". Current Research in Agriculture and Farming 3, n. 6 (30 dicembre 2022): 19–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2582-7146.180.

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Membrane technology is widely utilised in industries for separation, concentration, filtering, and extraction operations. Membrane technology carries out various applications by utilising simple and specially designed semi-permeable membranes. It uses little energy and is thus considered a green technology. Ultrafiltration (UF), Microfiltration (MF), Nano-filtration (NF), and Reverse osmosis (RO) are membrane filtration methods that have a major influence on the organoleptic and nutritional qualities of juice. The adoption of a membrane method linked with enzymatic hydrolysis resulted in clarified and concentrated fruit juices with good sensory and nutritional quality. Membrane fouling is a significant problem of membrane-based separation processes. Membrane procedures powered by pressure, such as MF, UF, NF, and RO, allow for the separation of components with a wide variety of particle sizes. Because of this, they have a wide range of uses in the food processing business.

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Burganos, Vasilis N. "Membranes and Membrane Processes". MRS Bulletin 24, n. 3 (marzo 1999): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400051861.

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Membrane separation science has enjoyed tremendous progress since the first synthesis of membranes almost 40 years ago, which was driven by strong technological needs and commercial expectations. As a result, the range of successful applications of membranes and membrane processes is continuously broadening. An additional change lies in the nature of membranes, which is now extended to include liquid and gaseous materials, biological or synthetic. Membranes are understood to be thin barriers between two phases through which transport can take place under the action of a driving force, typically a pressure difference and generally a chemical or electrical potential difference.An attempt at functional classification of membranes would have to include diverse categories such as gas separation, pervaporation, reverse osmosis, micro- and ultrafiltration, and biomedical separations. The dominant application of membranes is certainly the separation of mixed phases or fluids, homogeneous or heterogeneous. Separation of a mixture can be achieved if the difference in the transport coefficients of the components of interest is sufficiently large. Membranes can also be used in applications other than separation targeting: They can be employed in catalytic reactors, energy storage and conversion systems, as key components of artificial organs, as supports for electrodes, or even to control the rate of release of both useful and dangerous species.In order to meet the requirements posed by the aforementioned applications, membranes must combine several structural and functional properties.

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Liu, Congmin, Xin Zhang, Junxiang Zhai, Xuan Li, Xiuying Guo e Guangli He. "Research progress and prospects on hydrogen separation membranes". Clean Energy 7, n. 1 (1 febbraio 2023): 217–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ce/zkad014.

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Abstract Membrane separation technologies, with a broad application prospect in the field of hydrogen separation, are characterized by the simplicity of the devices, high energy efficiency and environmental friendliness. The performance of separation membranes is the primary factor that determines the efficiency of hydrogen separation. Therefore, the development of hydrogen separation membranes is always a research focus. This paper presents and reviews the research developments and features of organic membranes, inorganic membranes and hybrid matrix membranes for hydrogen separations. First, the characterization methods of key index parameters of membrane materials are presented. Second, the performance parameters of different types of membrane are compared. Finally, the trend of technological development of different types of membrane materials is forecast.

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Li, Xue, Jun Pan, Francesca Macedonio, Claudia Ursino, Mauro Carraro, Marcella Bonchio, Enrico Drioli, Alberto Figoli, Zhaohui Wang e Zhaoliang Cui. "Fluoropolymer Membranes for Membrane Distillation and Membrane Crystallization". Polymers 14, n. 24 (12 dicembre 2022): 5439. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14245439.

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Fluoropolymer membranes are applied in membrane operations such as membrane distillation and membrane crystallization where hydrophobic porous membranes act as a physical barrier separating two phases. Due to their hydrophobic nature, only gaseous molecules are allowed to pass through the membrane and are collected on the permeate side, while the aqueous solution cannot penetrate. However, these two processes suffer problems such as membrane wetting, fouling or scaling. Membrane wetting is a common and undesired phenomenon, which is caused by the loss of hydrophobicity of the porous membrane employed. This greatly affects the mass transfer efficiency and separation efficiency. Simultaneously, membrane fouling occurs, along with membrane wetting and scaling, which greatly reduces the lifespan of the membranes. Therefore, strategies to improve the hydrophobicity of membranes have been widely investigated by researchers. In this direction, hydrophobic fluoropolymer membrane materials are employed more and more for membrane distillation and membrane crystallization thanks to their high chemical and thermal resistance. This paper summarizes different preparation methods of these fluoropolymer membrane, such as non-solvent-induced phase separation (NIPS), thermally-induced phase separation (TIPS), vapor-induced phase separation (VIPS), etc. Hydrophobic modification methods, including surface coating, surface grafting and blending, etc., are also introduced. Moreover, the research advances on the application of less toxic solvents for preparing these membranes are herein reviewed. This review aims to provide guidance to researchers for their future membrane development in membrane distillation and membrane crystallization, using fluoropolymer materials.

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A.A. Kittur. "MFI Zeolite Membranes and PV Separation of Isopropanol-Water Azeotropic Mixtures". International Research Journal on Advanced Engineering and Management (IRJAEM) 2, n. 03 (16 marzo 2024): 299–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.47392/irjaem.2024.0044.

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Membrane separation process has become one of the emerging technologies that undergo a rapid growth since few decades. Pervaporation (PV) is one among the membrane separation processes which gained foremost interest in the chemical and allied industries. It is an effective and energy-efficient technology that carries out separations, which are difficult to achieve by conventional separation processes. Inorganic membranes such as zeolite membranes with uniform, molecular-sized pores, selective adsorption and molecular sieving action offer unique type of pervaporation membrane for a number of separation processes. This paper presents the role of MFI-zeolite membrane and its progress in the pervaporation process. The fundamental aspects of pervaporation over different types of membranes are reviewed and compared. The focus of this paper is on zeolite membrane synthesis, membrane characterization and pervaporation studies. The transport mechanism during pervaporation is discussed and the issues related with pervaporation are addressed. Innovation and future development of zeolite membrane in pervaporation are also presented.

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Raza, Ayesha, Sarah Farrukh, Arshad Hussain, Imranullah Khan, Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman e Muhammad Ahsan. "Performance Analysis of Blended Membranes of Cellulose Acetate with Variable Degree of Acetylation for CO2/CH4 Separation". Membranes 11, n. 4 (29 marzo 2021): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11040245.

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The separation and capture of CO2 have become an urgent and important agenda because of the CO2-induced global warming and the requirement of industrial products. Membrane-based technologies have proven to be a promising alternative for CO2 separations. To make the gas-separation membrane process more competitive, productive membrane with high gas permeability and high selectivity is crucial. Herein, we developed new cellulose triacetate (CTA) and cellulose diacetate (CDA) blended membranes for CO2 separations. The CTA and CDA blends were chosen because they have similar chemical structures, good separation performance, and its economical and green nature. The best position in Robeson’s upper bound curve at 5 bar was obtained with the membrane containing 80 wt.% CTA and 20 wt.% CDA, which shows the CO2 permeability of 17.32 barrer and CO2/CH4 selectivity of 18.55. The membrane exhibits 98% enhancement in CO2/CH4 selectivity compared to neat membrane with only a slight reduction in CO2 permeability. The optimal membrane displays a plasticization pressure of 10.48 bar. The newly developed blended membranes show great potential for CO2 separations in the natural gas industry.

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Ma, Xiaoli, e Defei Liu. "Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework Membranes for Light Olefin/Paraffin Separation". Crystals 9, n. 1 (25 dicembre 2018): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst9010014.

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Propylene/propane and ethylene/ethane separations are performed by energy-intensive distillation processes, and membrane separation may provide substantial energy and capital cost savings. Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) have emerged as promising membrane materials for olefin/paraffin separation due to their tunable pore size and chemistry property, and excellent chemical and thermal stability. In this review, we summarize the recent advances on ZIF membranes for propylene/propane and ethylene/ethane separations. Membrane fabrication methods such as in situ crystallization, seeded growth, counter-diffusion synthesis, interfacial microfluidic processing, vapor-phase and current-driven synthesis are presented. The gas permeation and separation characteristics and membrane stability are also discussed.

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Mondal, Arijit, e Chiranjib Bhattacharjee. "Membrane Transport for Gas Separation". Diffusion Foundations 23 (agosto 2019): 138–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/df.23.138.

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Gas separations through organic membranes have been investigated from last several years and presently it has been accepted for commercial applications. This chapter will focus on membrane based gas separation mechanism as well as its application. This chapter will cover ‘‘diffusivity controlled’’ and ‘‘solubility controlled’’ mechanism and choice of suitable polymers for different gas phase applications like acidic gas, C3+ hydrocarbon, nitrogen, water vapor and helium. Diffusivity controlled mechanism performs on free volume elements of the glassy polymers via hindrance of chain packing by functional groups and restricted by the permselectivity. Other mechanism performs on the basis of molecular structure with affinity towards the target molecule and follows enhanced solution-diffusion rout. Commercially available organic membrane materials for Carbon dioxide (CO2) removal are discussed along with process design. Membranes based separation process for heavy hydrocarbon recovery, nitrogen separation, helium separation and dehydration are less developed. This article will help us to focus on the future direction of those applications based on membrane technology. Keywords: Membrane, C3+ hydrocarbon, Diffusivity controlled, Solubility controlled, Selectivity, Permeability. *Corresponding author: E-mail address: c.bhatta@gmail.com (Chiranjib Bhattacharjee), Tel.: +91-9836402118.

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Yuan, Cui, Qi, Wei e Qaisrani. "Experimental Investigation of Copper Mesh Substrate with Selective Wettability to Separate Oil/Water Mixture". Energies 12, n. 23 (29 novembre 2019): 4564. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12234564.

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To solve the problem of low efficiency and poor adaptability during complex oil/water mixtures separation, two types of membranes with superhydrophilicity/underwater-superoleophobicity were successfully fabricated by oxidative reaction and in situ displacement reaction methods. A nanoneedle Cu(OH)2 structure was generated on the copper mesh substrate by oxidative reaction and feathery micro/nanoscale composite, while Ag structure was constructed at the surface of copper mesh substrate through in-situ replacement, then, membranes with superhydrophilic/underwater-superoleophobic properties were separated. The influence of microstructure, wettability of the surface of prepared membranes and the liquid constituents in the separation experiment were studied and the liquid flux and permeation pressure at the membrane were later experimentally investigated. The experimental results show that separation efficiency of both membranes for separating different oil/water mixtures was above 99.8%. However, the separation efficiency of the Ag-CS (Ag on the copper substrate) membrane was obviously higher than that of the Cu(OH)2-CS (Cu(OH)2 on the copper substrate) membrane after 10 instances of separation because of the micro/nanocomposite structures. By comparison, it was found that the Ag-CS membrane showed a relatively higher permeation pressure but lower liquid flux as compared to Cu(OH)2-CS membrane, due to the influence of microscale structure and the wettability of the surface combined. In addition, the outcome for separating the multicomponent oil/water mixture illustrate that the result of TOC (the Total Organic Carbon) test for the Cu(OH)2-CS membrane and Ag-CS membrane were 31.2% and 17.7%, respectively, higher than the average of the two oils probably because some oil droplets created due to mutual dissolution passed through the membranes. However, these two fabricated membranes still retained higher separation efficiencies and good adaptability after 10 instances of separation. It was concluded that based on the good performances of the prepared membranes, especially the modified membrane, they have a vast application prospect and can be widely used.

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Talukder, Md Eman, Fariya Alam, Mst Monira Rahman Mishu, Md Nahid Pervez, Hongchen Song, Francesca Russo, Francesco Galiano, George K. Stylios, Alberto Figoli e Vincenzo Naddeo. "Sustainable Membrane Technologies for by-Product Separation of Non-Pharmaceutical Common Compounds". Water 14, n. 24 (13 dicembre 2022): 4072. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14244072.

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The Chinese pharmaceutical industry and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) are both vital components of Chinese culture. Some traditional methods used to prepare TCMs have lost their conformity, and as a result, are producing lower-quality medicines. In this regard, the TCM sector has been looking for new ways to boost productivity and product quality. Membrane technology is environmentally-friendly, energy-saving technology, and more efficient than traditional technologies. Membrane separation is the most effective method for separating and cleaning the ingredients of the non-pharmaceutical common compounds from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Membrane technology is currently being employed for the concentration, purification, and separation of TCMs. This review paper discusses how membranes are fabricated and their role in non-pharmaceutical common compound separation and TCM purification. Accordingly, the membrane applicability and the technological advantage were also analyzed in non-pharmaceutical common compound separation. Researchers pay attention to the choice of membrane pore size when selecting membranes but often ignore the influence of membrane materials and membrane structure on separation, resulting in certain blindness in the membrane selection process.

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Più fonti

Tesi sul tema "Membrane separation"

Liu, Junqiang. "Development of next generation mixed matrix hollow fiber membranes for butane isomer separation". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/42807.

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Mixed matrix hollow fiber membranes maintain the ease of processing polymers while enhancing the separation performance of the pure polymer due to inclusion of molecular sieve filler particles. This work shows the development process of high loading mixed matrix hollow fiber membranes for butane isomer separation, from material selection and engineering of polymer-sieve interfacial adhesion to mixed matrix hollow fiber spinning. The matching of gas transport properties in polymer and zeolite is critical for forming successful mixed matrix membranes. The nC4 permeability in glassy commercial polymers such as Ultem® and Matrimid® is too low (< 0.1 Barrer) for commercial application. A group of fluorinated (6FDA) polyimides, with high nC4 permeability and nC4/iC4 selectivity, are selected as the polymer matrix. No glassy polymers can possibly match the high permeable MFI to make mixed matrix membranes with selectivity enhancement for C4s separation. Zeolite 5A, which has a nC4 permeability (~3 Barrer) and nC4/iC4 selectivity (essentially ∞), matches well with the 6FDA polymers. A 24% nC4/iC4 selectivity enhancement was achieved in mixed matrix membranes containing 6FDA-DAM and 25 wt% treated 5A particles. A more promising mixed matrix membrane contains 6FDA-DAM-DABA matrix and 5A, because of a better match of gas transport properties in polymer and zeolite. Dual layer hollow fibers, with cellulose acetate core layer and sheath layers of 6FDA polyimides, were successfully fabricated. Successive engineering of the 6FDA sheath layer and the dense skin is needed for the challenging C4s separation, which is extremely sensitive to the integrity of the dense skin layer. The delamination-free, macrovoid-free dual layer hollow fiber membranes provide the solution for the expensive 6FDA polyimides spinning. Mixed matrix hollow fiber membranes are spun base on the platform of 6FDA/Cellulose acetate dual layer hollow fibers. Preliminary results suggest that high loading mixed matrix hollow fiber membranes for C4s is feasible. Following research is needed on the fiber spinning with well treated zeolite 5A nanoparticles. The key aspect of this research is elucidating the three-step (sol-gel-precipitation) mechanism of sol-gel-Grignard treatment, based on which further controlling of Mg(OH)2 whisker morphologies is possible. A Mg(OH)2 nucleation process promoted by acid species is proposed to explain the heterogeneous Mg(OH)2 growing process. Different acid species were tried: 1) HCl solution, 2) AlClx species generated by dealumination process and 3) AlCl3 supported on zeolite surfaces. Acids introduced through HCl solution and dealumination are effective on commercial 5A particles to generate Mg(OH)2 whiskers in the sol-gel-Grignard treatment. Supported AlCl3 is effective on both commercial and synthesized 5A particles (150 nm-1 µm) during the sol-gel-Grignard treatment, in terms of promoting heterogeneous Mg(OH)2 whiskers formation. But the byproduct of Al(OH)3 layer separates the Mg(OH)2 whiskers from zeolite surface, and leads to undesirable morphologies for polymer-zeolite interfacial adhesion. The elucidation of sol-gel-Grignard mechanism and importance of zeolite surface acidity on Mg(OH)2 formation, builds a solid foundation for future development towards ''universal'' method of growing Mg(OH)2 whiskers on zeolite surfaces.

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Wang, Lei. "Cyclic membrane gas separation processes". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0291/document.

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Ce travail traite une investigation systématique des performances du procédé membranaire cyclique par séparation gazeuse. Premièrement, l'état de l'art du procédé membranaire cyclique, les problèmes techniques et la modélisation du transfert à travers la membrane ont été exposés. Deuxièmement, les études théoriques et expérimentales existantes sur le procédé cyclique sont passées en revue. Selon la durée de pression haute et sa fraction dans un cycle, ce genre d'opération est divisé en deux classes: classes courte et longue. D'après cette classification, une analyse systématique de l'intérêt potentiel de la classe courte par rapport aux performances d'une opération en régime permanent a été accomplie par des simulations et optimisations numériques. Par ailleurs, afin d'améliorer la performance, l'usage du MMM dans un tel procédé a été discuté. En parallèle à l'étude sur la classe courte, une nouvelle conception du procédé cyclique de classe longue a été proposée. Les avantages spectaculaires par rapport aux procédés membranaires classiques ont été mis en évidence à l'aide de nos simulations et optimisations. Finalement, une validation expérimentale a été effectuée afin de fournir un support solide à cette nouvelle conception
This study deals with a systematic investigation of the performance of cyclic membrane gas separation processes. First, a state of the art of membrane separation processes, including material challenges and mass transfer modeling issues is proposed. In a second step, a review of the different theoretical and experimental studies performed on cyclic processes is reported. With respect to the length of the high pressure stage and its fraction in one cycle, these operations are classified into short and long classes. Based on this classification, a systematic analysis of the potential interest of short class compared to steady-state operation performances has been achieved by means of numerical simulation and optimization. In order to improve the performance, the use of MMM in such a process has been further discussed. In parallel with the short class study, a design of novel long class has been proposed. Spectacular advantages with respect to classical membrane-based processes have been highlighted by means of our simulation and optimization studies. Finally, an experimental verification has been performed in order to provide a solid support to this novel process

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Lycon, David Steven. "Flux enhancement and fouling reduction in a centrifugal membrane process". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0021/NQ44796.pdf.

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Xu, Lili. "Electrically tuneable membranes : revolutionising separation and fouling control for membrane reactors". Thesis, University of Bath, 2017. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.715263.

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The overall aim of this research is to develop unique conducting polyaniline (PANI) membranes that can be electrically tuned to achieve different fluxes and selectivity. The target application is in a tuneable membrane reactor, where these membranes allow the fouling layer to be pushed off/through membranes by application of external potential. To achieve this, several different types of PANI membranes were examined. The permeation properties of HCl-doped PANI membranes can be modified electrically to produce in-situ tuneable separations. However, acid dopant leaching and membrane brittleness limit the further application of these membranes. Polymer acid doped PANI membranes using poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid) or PAMPSA were investigated as a solution. These PAMPSA doped PANI membranes displayed improved mechanical strength and filtration stability. However, the membranes showed decreased electrical conductivity, leading to a limited tuneable permeance and selectivity under applied potential. To overcome this new challenge, expanded graphite and a large acid (dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid or DBSA) were incorporated into the PAMPSA doped PANI membranes to increase the conductivity. Despite increasing both conductivity and electrical tuneability, the resulting membranes were more porous with looser molecular weight cut-off (outside of the desired NF/low UF MWCO range) than without modification. Efforts to tighten PAMPSA doped membranes to the same MWCO as HCl doped membranes using volatile co-solvents (THF and acetone) were unsuccessful: porosity was due to the large acid dopants. Membranes were examined for their potential for in-situ fouling removal of model foulant bovine serum albumin under applied voltage. This was successful and defouling extent was found to be closely related to membranes with higher conductivity and greater acid stability. Overall, it has been demonstrated that the conducting polyaniline composite membranes can be made to be stable to acid leaching and be more mechanically robust, whilst also being externally electrically tuned to different molecular selectivities with the potential for in-situ fouling control.

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Svang-Ariyaskul, Apichit. "Chiral separation using hybrid of preferential crystallization moderated by a membrane barrier". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/33909.

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The major innovation of this work is an establishment of a novel chiral separation process using preferential crystallization coupled with a membrane barrier. This hybrid process was proved to be promising from a significant increase in product yield and purity compared to existing chiral separation processes. This work sets up a process design platform to extend the use of this hybrid process to a separation of other mixtures. This novel process especially is a promising alternative for chiral separation of pharmaceutical compounds which include more than fifty percent of approved drugs world-wide. A better performance chiral separation technique contributes to cut the operating cost and to reduce the price of chiral drugs.

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Najarian, Siamak. "Membrane separation methods in medical engineering". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.296835.

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Ye, Pengcheng. "Zeolite Membrane Separation at Low Temperature". Doctoral thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Kemiteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-17447.

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The energy consumption of separation processes accounts for a large part of the total energy consumption in chemical industry. Membrane separation processes require much less energy than the currently used thermally driven separation processes and could therefore reduce energy consumption in industry considerably. Today, most commercially available membranes are organic polymeric membranes. Inorganic zeolite membranes have several superiorities over polymeric membranes, e.g., higher flux and selectivity, higher chemical and thermal stability, and thus have great potential for a variety of gas and liquid separations. Whereas there have been extensive studies on zeolite membrane separation at high temperature during the past decades, scientific reports on the low temperature applications of zeolite membranes is extremely scarce and there are no reports at cryogenic temperature. This work is pioneering research on investigation of the performance of zeolite membranes for separation of various gas mixtures at unprecedentedly low temperature, down to cryogenic temperature. In the present work, zeolite membranes were, for the first time, evaluated for gas separation at cryogenic temperature. Air separation by ultra-thin MFI membranes was carried out at a feed pressure ranging from 100 mbar to 5 bar over the temperature range of 62–110 K. The membranes were found to be oxygen selective at all the conditions investigated. The observed results were well above the upper bound in the 2008 Robeson selectivity-permeability plot when the feed pressure was less than or equal to 1 bar. The O2/N2 separation factor reached 5.0 at 67 K and 100 mbar, with a high O2 permeance of 8.6 × 10-7 mol m-2 s-1 Pa-1. The performance of our membranes (in terms of selectivity) was comparable to that recently reported for promising polymeric membranes, but 100 times higher in terms of permeance and flux. The membrane selectivity was found to increase with decreasing temperature and feed pressure. The present work has therefore indicated the optimum conditions for air separation using MFI membranes, namely low feed pressures and cryogenic temperatures. A mathematical model showed that the selectivity to O2 emanated from O2/N2 adsorption selectivity. N2/He separation is essential for helium recovery from natural gas and helium reclamation for airships and submarines. Zeolite membranes were evaluated for this separation over the temperature range of 85–260 K, possessing high N2-selectivity at all the conditions investigated. When the feed pressure was 5 bar and the permeate pressure was 0.5 bar, a highest N2/He separation factor of 62 was observed at 124 K. The N2 permeance was rather high, up to 39 ×10−7 mol m−2 s−1 Pa−1. The separation was attributed to adsorption selectivity of the membranes to N2, effectively suppressing the transport of He in the zeolite pores and this effect was more significant at cryogenic temperature. A mathematical model showed that the largest difference of adsorbed loading over the film at ca. 120 K was probably the main reason for the observed maximum selectivity at this temperature. The model also indicated that the selectivity could even be increased by 2–3 times if the membrane was totally defect-free. This work demonstrates that a zeolite membrane process could be rather competitive for N2/He separation. Synthesis gas generated from biomass is a valuable, renewable resource that can be used for production of clean energy and various chemicals. It is mainly a mixture of CO, CO2, and H2. CO2 is an undesired component in the syngas and should, therefore, be removed. In this work, CO2 separation from H2 and CO using zeolite membranes was studied for at low temperatures, down to 235 K and at a feed pressure of 9 bar. The membrane performance in terms of both selectivity and flux was superior to that reported for the state-of-the-art polymeric and inorganic membranes. The highest separation factor was 202 for CO2/H2 separation at 235 K and 21 for CO2/CO separation at 258 K, significantly higher than that at room temperature. The observed CO2 flux was very high, i.e., 300-420 kg m-2 h-1, in the entire temperature range of 235–310 K. Initial cost estimation revealed that high flux zeolite membranes were economically competitive with the present commercial polymeric membranes. Moreover, the process relying on our zeolite membranes was shown to be appreciably more space-efficient. Efficient light olefins/N2 separation technologies are of great interest to recover monomers from N2 purge gas in polymer plants. C3H6/N2 and C2H4/ N2 separation were investigated using zeolite membranes in a temperature range of 258–356 K. The membranes were rather selective towards the hydrocarbons. For C3H6/N2 separation, a maximum separation factor of 43 was observed at room temperature with a C3H6 permeance of 22×10-7 mol m-2 s-1 Pa-1. For C2H4/N2 separation, the maximum separation factor was 6 at 277 K with a C2H4 permeance of 57×10-7 mol m-2 s-1 Pa-1. The findings reveal that zeolite membranes are promising candidates for light olefins/N2 separation in petrochemical processes. The adsorption properties dominate separation performance for systems studied in the present work. The high selectivity emanates from competitive adsorption, e.g., the strongly adsorbing components hinder the permeances of the weakly adsorbing ones and the effect was stronger at low temperature. In addition, gas permeances through zeolite membranes tend to decrease at low temperature most likely due to decreasing diffusivity, especially at cryogenic temperature. However, the permeances of our membranes even at low temperature were still one to two orders of magnitude higher than those reported for inorganic and polymeric membranes. Thus, the high-flux membranes have great superiority in this case. The fairly high permeance even at low temperatures was ascribed to the ultra-thin (< 1µm) film and highly permeable support used. We provide here a promising candidate, ultra-thin zeolite membranes, with high permeance and excellent selectivity for gas separation application at low temperature.

Godkänd; 2016; 20160215 (penyex); Nedanstående person kommer att disputera för avläggande av teknologie doktorsexamen. Namn: Pengcheng Ye Ämne: Kemisk teknologi/Chemical Technology Avhandling: Zeolite Membrane Separation at Low Temperature Opponent: Professor Anne Julbe, European Institute of membranes (IEM), Frankrike. Ordförande: Professor Jonas Hedlund, Avd för kemiteknik, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Luleå tekniska universitet. Tid: Fredag 22 april 2016, kl 10.00 Plats: C305, Luleå tekniska universitet

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Lloyd, Michael C. "Novel materials for membrane separation processes". Thesis, Aston University, 1995. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/9680/.

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The aim of this work was to synthesise a series of hydrophilic derivatives of cis-1,2-dihydroxy-3,5-cyclohexadiene (cis-DHCD) and copolymerise them with 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), to produce a completely new range of hydrogel materials. It is theorised that hydrogels incorporating such derivatives of cis-DHCD will exhibit good strength and elasticity in addition to good water binding ability. The synthesis of derivatives was attempted by both enzymatic and chemical methods. Enzyme synthesis involved the transesterification of cis-DHCD with a number of trichloro and trifluoroethyl esters using the enzyme lipase porcine pancreas to catalyse the reaction in organic solvent. Cyclohexanol was used in initial studies to assess the viability of enzyme catalysed reactions. Chemical synthesis involved the epoxidation of a number of unsaturated carboxylic acids and the subsequent reaction of these epoxy acids with cis-DHCD in DCC/DMAP catalysed esterifications. The silylation of cis-DHCD using TBDCS and BSA was also studied. The rate of aromatisation of cis-DHCD at room temperature was studied in order to assess its stability and 1H NMR studies were also undertaken to determine the conformations adopted by derivatives of cis-DHCD. The copolymerisation of diepoxybutanoate, diepoxyundecanoate, dibutenoate and silyl protected derivatives of cis-DHCD with HEMA, to produce a new group of hydrogels was investigated. The EWC and mechanical properties of these hydrogels were measured and DSC was used to determine the amount of freezing and non-freezing water in the membranes. The effect on EWC of opening the epoxide rings of the comonomers was also investigated

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Kratochvil, Adam Michal. "Thickness dependent physical aging and supercritical carbon dioxide conditioning effects on crosslinkable polyimide membranes for natural gas purification". Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29678.

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Thesis (Ph.D)--Chemical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008.
Committee Chair: Koros, William; Committee Member: Beckham, Haskell; Committee Member: Eckert, Charles; Committee Member: Henderson, Cliff; Committee Member: Meredith, Carson. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.

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Meyer, Faiek. "Hydrogen selective properties of cesium-hydrogensulphate membranes". Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_5047_1233727545.

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Over the past 40 years, research pertaining to membrane technology has lead to the development of a wide range of applications including beverage production, water purification and the separation of dairy products. For the separation of gases, membrane technology is not as widely applied since the production of suitable gas separation membranes is far more challenging than the production of membranes for eg. water purification. Hydrogen is currently produced by recovery technologies incorporated in various chemical processes. Hydrogen is mainly sourced from fossil fuels via steam reformation and coal gasification. Special attention will be given to Underground Coal Gasification since it may be of great importance for the future of South Africa. The main aim of this study was to develop low temperature CsHSO4/SiO2 composite membranes that show significant Idea selectivity towards H2:CO2 and H2:CH4.

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Libri sul tema "Membrane separation"

Inc, Technical Insights, a cura di. Membrane separation. Englewood, NJ: Technical Insights, J. Wiley, 1998.

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Clark, Becky, e William G. Baumgartner. Membrane separation technologies. Cleveland, OH: Freedonia Group, 1998.

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Baumgartner, William G., e Diana E. Kole. Membrane separation technologies. Cleveland: Freedonia Group, 2000.

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Yampolskii, Yuri, e Benny Freeman, a cura di. Membrane Gas Separation. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470665626.

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Freeman, B. D. Membrane gas separation. Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley, 2010.

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G, Crespo João, Böddeker Karl W, North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Scientific Affairs Division. e NATO Advanced Study Institute on Membrane Processes in Separation and Purification (1993 : Curia, Portugal), a cura di. Membrane processes in separation and purification. Dordrecht [The Netherlands]: Kulwer Academic Publishers, 1994.

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Crull, Anna W. Membrane & separation technology: Patent sourcebook. Stamford, Conn., U.S.A: Business Communications Co., 1985.

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W, Crull Anna, Grant Sandi e Business Communications Co, a cura di. Membrane & separations technology industry review. Norwalk, CT: Business Communications Co., 1995.

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Ismail, Ahmad Fauzi. Carbon-based membranes for separation processes. New York: Springer Verlag, 2011.

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Bitter, J. G. A. Transport mechanisms in membrane separation processes. New York: Plenum Press, 1991.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Membrane separation"

Jonsson, G., e P. M. Christensen. "Separation Characteristics of Ultrafiltration Membranes". In Membranes and Membrane Processes, 179–90. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2019-5_18.

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Trägårdh, Gun, e Karin Ölund. "Separation Characterization of Ultrafiltration Membranes". In Membranes and Membrane Processes, 209–14. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2019-5_21.

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Di Pretoro, Alessandro, e Flavio Manenti. "Membrane Separation". In Non-conventional Unit Operations, 101–8. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34572-3_12.

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Vasishta, Ayush, Jyoti S. Mahale, Preeti H. Pandey, Tejas M. Ukarde, Pankaj Shinde e Hitesh S. Pawar. "Membrane Separation". In Membrane and Membrane-Based Processes for Wastewater Treatment, 17–34. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003165019-2.

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McRae, W. A. "Electrodialysis in the Separation of Chemicals". In Membranes and Membrane Processes, 299–308. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2019-5_30.

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Eickmann, U., e U. Werner. "Porous Membranes in Gas Separation Technology". In Membranes and Membrane Processes, 327–34. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2019-5_33.

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Vankelecom, Ivo F. J., Lieven E. M. Gevers, Thomas Schäfer e João G. Crespo. "Membrane Processes". In Green Separation Processes, 251–89. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/3527606602.ch3f.

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Lane, Alan M. "Membrane Separations". In Separation Process Essentials, 338–50. First edition. | Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press/Taylor & Francis: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b22271-25.

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Kimura, Shoji, e Akiyoshi Tamano. "Separation of Aminoacids by Charged Ultrafiltration Membranes". In Membranes and Membrane Processes, 191–97. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2019-5_19.

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Mokhtari-Nejad, E., e W. Schneider. "Industrial Separation of Azeotropic Mixtures by Pervaporation". In Membranes and Membrane Processes, 573–79. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2019-5_56.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Membrane separation"

Alkhamis, Nawaf, Ali Anqi, Dennis E. Oztekin, Abdulmohsen Alsaiari e Alparslan Oztekin. "Gas Separation Using a Membrane". In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-62764.

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Computational fluid dynamics simulation will be conducted for multicomponent fluid flows in a channel containing spacers. The Navier-Stokes equation and the species transport equations are solved for various values of Reynolds numbers. The membrane will be modeled as a functional surface, where the membrane fluxes of each component will be determined based on the local partial pressures of each species, the permeability and the selectivity of the membrane. Laminar flow modeling is employed for the flow inside the channel without the spacers; while k-ω turbulent modeling is used to simulate the flow inside the channel with the spacer, for Re = 100, 150 and 200. The spacers are placed in an inline arrangement. The presence of spacers in the channel improves the membrane performance at Re = 200. The effects of the spacer on the separation process at low flow speeds (Re = 100 and 150) are negligible. The performance of the system will be measured by the maximum mass separation with minimal friction losses.

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Alkhamis, Nawaf, Ali Anqi, Dennis E. Oztekin, Abdulmohsen Alsaiari e Alparslan Oztekin. "Gas Separation Using a Membrane". In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-37299.

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Gas-gas separation, to purify natural gas, is simulated using a membrane supported by a porous medium. Removing acidic gasses from the natural gas is gaining attention recently. Computational fluid dynamics simulations are conducted for asymmetric multi-component fluid flows in a channel. The flow system consists of a circular cross-section channel bounded by a porous layer which supports the membrane wall. The Navier-Stokes equations model the flow in the channel, while the flow in the porous medium is modeled by both the Darcy’s law and the extended Darcy’s law. Mass transport equations, including mass diffusion of mixtures of two gasses (CO2 and CH4), are employed to determine the concentration distribution. The membrane will be modeled as a functional surface; where the flux of each component will be determined based on the local partial pressure of each species, composition, and permeability and selectivity of the membrane. The effect of the porous medium on the membrane performance will be determined for a wide range of Reynolds number. The performance of the system will be measured by maximum mass separation with minimal frictional losses.

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Fard, Ahmad Kayvani, Gordon McKay e Muataz A. Atieh. "Hybrid Separator-Adsorbent Inorganic Membrane for Oil-Water Separation". In The 3rd World Congress on Civil, Structural, and Environmental Engineering. Avestia Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.11159/awspt18.122.

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Choudhury, Tanzim Ahmed, George Mahley, Pinkesh Sanghani e Hans Kumar. "Advancements in CO2 Membrane Separation Technologies: Reducing Emissions and Enabling CCS". In ADIPEC. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/211191-ms.

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Abstract To overcome production restraints caused by CO2 and H2S in mature basins, operators require more cost-effective gas treatment to effectively remove these impurities from natural gas. Cellulose triacetate (CTA) based CO2 separation membranes have already been used extensively in acid gas treatment and associated enhanced oil recovery. A new technical challenge was to provide a horizontal membrane element that could easily replace poorly performing existing flat-sheet spiral-wound membranes with minimal operational changes to debottleneck existing hardware capacity, minimize hydrocarbon loss, and reduce membrane replacement frequency. Existing CTA vertical hollow fiber CO2 separation membranes were further developed and modified into the form of 8-in./8.25-in diameter horizontal packaging. Qualification testing was performed at an in-plant gas test loop using full-scale membrane elements. Test programs included varying inlet parameters such as feed gas pressure, temperature, and a wide range of CO2 concentrations. Results showed that the horizontal configuration of the hollow fiber gas separation membrane exhibited superior separation characteristics in terms of gas throughput and hydrocarbon retention in the sales gas, when compared to alternative currently available CO2 removal membrane technologies. The robustness of the membrane polymer was confirmed throughout several startup and shutdown scenarios, with stable gas flux and selectivity observed during rigorous and long-term testing. The membrane elements can be deployed in existing installations as a "drop-in" solution to overcome production constraints, whilst driving down the cost of excessive membrane replacements. In brownfields, more efficient acid gas removal and enhanced hydrocarbon recovery will reduce emissions by lowering gas flaring and limiting the potential release of methane. Upfront capital expenditure and ongoing operational expenses in greenfield projects can be significantly reduced by the greater natural gas treatment capacity per membrane compared to alternative membrane solutions. The high-purity CO2 permeate stream can also support the implementation of carbon capture and sequestration (CCS), thereby helping to reduce the assets carbon footprint and overall emissions. The advancements in horizontal CTA membranes have been proven in operation at several facilities, where they have improved the economics of the assets via reduced hydrocarbon flaring and increased gas throughput. An intelligent, automated digital membrane monitoring tool has been developed and deployed to further optimize membrane operations. Operators have also been able to actively pursue acid gas fields previously considered uneconomical for production. Such greenfield and brownfield case studies will be presented as part of this paper.

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Sun, Chengzhen, e Bofeng Bai. "Separation of Water Vapor From Methane by Nanoporous Graphene Membrane". In ASME 2016 5th International Conference on Micro/Nanoscale Heat and Mass Transfer. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnhmt2016-6441.

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We study the separation process of gaseous H2O/CH4 mixtures using nanoporous graphene membranes via molecular dynamics simulations. We run the simulation in an equilibrium system 10 times with different initial atomic velocities to overcome the inefficiency brought by the low pressure of the system. The results show that the H2O molecules can permeate the graphene membrane with a linearly time-dependent crossing number. The permeance of the H2O molecules reaches to 9.5×10−4 mol/m2sPa, far exceeding that of the polymer gas separation membranes. High selectivity of H2O over CH4 is also observed. In summary, this study demonstrates that the specific NPG cloud be adopted as an efficient membrane in natural gas dehydration.

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Parrish, C. "Membrane separation processes at low temperatures". In 40th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting & Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2002-467.

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Thorud, Jonathan D., Jeremy J. Siekas, James A. Liburdy e Deborah V. Pence. "Microscale Desorption Based on Membrane Separation". In ASME 2004 Heat Transfer/Fluids Engineering Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht-fed2004-56756.

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A scheme to achieve high desportion rates in a microscale system has been conceived based on the use of a hydrophobic porous membrane forming one wall of a high aspect ratio channel. To accomplish desorption, vapor is drawn through the membrane, during the addition of heat, as the binary mixture flows along the channel. The channel geometry is designed to achieve a thin film of binary mixture (lithium bromide and water) that is approximately 350 microns thick, while achieving a high membrane surface area which is approximately 3 cm × 6 cm. Vapor is drawn from the channel by creating a pressure differential across the membrane. Experiments were run varying the inlet mass flow rate, heat input, and pressure difference across the membrane, for an inlet mass fraction of 0.41. Mass fraction increases through the channel were up to 0.05. It is shown that the mass flux of vapor per mass flow rate into the channel decreases as the inlet flow rate increases, for a given heat flux. Also, the mass flux of vapor is linearly dependent on the heat input rate and not a function of inlet flow rate or pressure differential for the range of conditions studied. Images within the channel show bubble formation and desorption through the membrane under high heat flux and low inlet flow conditions.

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Rahmawati, Yeni, Siti Nurkhamidah, Annisa Alifia Rahmah e M. Ayub Rifai. "Fabrication and Characterization of Cellulose Acetat / N-Methyl Pyrollidon Membrane for Microplastics Separation in Water". In International Conference on Chemistry and Material Sciences 2023 (IC2MS). Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-xiyvv5.

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Indonesia is the fifth ranked country with plastic waste that is not managed properly. Over time, plastic breaks down into microplastics (MPs) less than 5 mm in diameter, which in water can cause damage. One method of removing MPs that is considered efficient is MPs microfiltration using membrane technology. To obtain an adequate membrane in removing MPs particles, it is necessary to modify the membrane both in the material and the membrane manufacturing process itself. So this study aims to study the effect of immersion time in the manufacturing process on the characteristics and performance of microfiltration membranes to remove MPs in water. In this study, the membrane will be made using the phase inversion method with a flat sheet membrane finish. The membrane is made using Cellulose Acetate (CA) polymer with n-Methyl Pyrolidone (NMP) solvent and aquadest as its non-solvent. The selected variable is the membrane immersion time for 10; 17,5; and 25 minutes and operating pressure at membrane performance test 0,3; 0,5; and 0,7 bar. Furthermore, the resulting membrane will be analyzed for its characteristics through porosity and water content analysis, contact angle analysis, and SEM analysis. In addition, membrane performance tests are carried out to determine the ability of membranes when separating microplastics in water. CA/NMP flat sheet membrane fabrication produces white membrane flatsheet. The results of the experiments that have been carried out, obtained CA/NMP (15:85) membrane with a variable immersion time of 25 minutes has the best characteristics and performance. The membrane is white, has a thickness of 126μm, and is hydrophilic. The membrane also has a supporting layer with a finger-shaped pore structure and sponge. In addition, CA/NMP (15:85) membranes have a %microplastic rejection value in water reaching 99%.

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Jahangiri Mamouri, Sina, Volodymyr V. Tarabara e André Bénard. "Numerical Simulation of Filtration of Charged Oil Particles in Stationary and Rotating Tubular Membranes". In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-52038.

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Cross flow filtration (CFF) is a common membrane separation process with applications in food, biochemical and petroleum industries. In particular, membranes can be used for liquid-liquid separation processes such as needed in oil-water separation. A major challenge in cross flow filtration is membrane fouling. It can decrease significantly the permeate flux and a membrane’s efficiency. Membrane fouling can be mitigated by inducing shear on the membrane’s surface and this can be enhanced by inducing a swirl in the flow. In addition, a possible approach to improve membrane efficiency consists of repelling droplets/particles from the porous surface toward the centerline using a repulsive electric force. For this purpose, the surface of the membrane can be exposed to electric potential and droplets/particles are also induced to have the same electric charge. In this work, numerical simulations of charged non-deformable droplets moving within an axially rotating charged tubular membrane are performed. The results show that by increasing the electric potential on the membrane surface, the repelling force increases which obviously improves the grade efficiency of the membrane. However, the electric field gradients found in the flow field require large potentials on the membrane surface to observe a noticeable effect. Hence, a smaller solid cylinder is located in the centerline of the flow channel with zero potential. This solid cylinder enhances the electric field gradient in the domain which results in higher repelling forces and larger grade efficiency of the membrane at small potentials. The addition of a small cylinder in the flow field also improves the grade efficiency increases due to the higher shear stress near the membrane surface.

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Indhu, R., K. M. Shreemathi, J. Anni Steffi Mercy, S. Radha, S. Kirubaveni e B. S. Sreeja. "Design of PDMS membrane for CTC separation". In 2017 International Conference on Information Communication and Embedded Systems (ICICES). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icices.2017.8070770.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Membrane separation"

Heung, L. K. Separation Membrane Development (Separation Using Encapsulated Metal Hydride). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), giugno 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/799397.

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Heung, L. K. Separation Membrane Development - 2003 Annual Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), luglio 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/812301.

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Skone, Timothy J. Membrane Separation of CO2 and Hydrocarbons. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), ottobre 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1509404.

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Peterson, T. Stakeholder acceptance analysis: In-well vapor stripping, in-situ bioremediation, gas membrane separation system (membrane separation). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), dicembre 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/188507.

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Mei Hong, Richard D. Noble e John L. Falconer. Highly Selective H2 Separation Zeolite Membranes for Coal Gasification Membrane Reactor Applications. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), settembre 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/908744.

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Mei Hong, Richard Noble e John Falconer. Highly Selective H2 Separation Zeolite Membranes for Coal Gasification Membrane Reactor Applications. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), settembre 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/956964.

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Mei Hong, Richard D. Noble e John L. Falconer. HIGHLY SELECTIVE H2 SEPARATION ZEOLITE MEMBRANES FOR COAL GASIFICATION MEMBRANE REACTOR APPLICATIONS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), dicembre 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/861659.

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Siler, J. L. Novel disk modules for membrane separation processes. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), dicembre 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10137549.

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Elangovan, S. Novel, Ceramic Membrane System For Hydrogen Separation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), dicembre 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1097096.

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