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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Membrane d’ultrafiltration en PES"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 7 settembre 2024

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Membrane d’ultrafiltration en PES"

Chevereau, Élodie, Lionel Limousy, Patrick Dutournié e Patrick Bourseau. "Réalisation et modification des propriétés de sélectivité d’une membrane minérale d’ultrafiltration : étude de la rétention de solutions salines". Revue des sciences de l’eau 25, n. 1 (28 marzo 2012): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1008533ar.

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De par leurs caractéristiques structurales bien connues, les zéolithes sont fréquemment utilisées pour leur capacité à catalyser, à échanger des ions ou à adsorber certaines molécules. Ces matériaux sont également utilisés comme phase active pour réaliser des membranes. Dans ce travail, une membrane céramique d’ultrafiltration a été réalisée en imprégnant de la Mordenite (phase active) sur un support en alumine. La structure et les caractéristiques morphologiques de cette membrane ont été étudiées (diffraction de rayons X, BET / BJH (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller et Brunauer-Joyner-Hallenda), microscopie électronique à balayage). Des mesures de potentiels zêta et d’écoulement ont été réalisées sur la phase active en présence de différentes solutions salines, afin de caractériser qualitativement et quantitativement les charges de surface de la phase active de la membrane. La sélectivité de la membrane vis-à-vis de solutions salines pures a été étudiée sur un pilote d’ultrafiltration de laboratoire. Aucune rétention n’a été observée lors de la filtration d’une solution de chlorure de sodium. Compte tenu des propriétés électriques de la membrane (fortement chargée négativement), une expérience de filtration a été réalisée en présence d’un sel divalent (Na2CO3). Dans ces conditions, une rétention importante a été observée. Après rinçage à l’eau pure, un nouvel essai de filtration a été réalisé en présence de solution de sel monovalent (NaCl) et a conduit à un taux de rétention de l’ordre de 10 % . Ce phénomène semble être lié au traitement et à la présence d’ions carbonates. Après un lavage acide, la membrane finit par retrouver ses propriétés initiales. Pour conclure, une membrane Mordenite d’ultrafiltration a été réalisée avec des propriétés de filtration qui peuvent être réversiblement modifiées par un simple traitement chimique.

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Li, Ying-Na, Han Li, Hui Ye, Yu-Zhong Zhang e Ying Chen. "Preparation and characterization of poly(ether sulfone)/fluorinated silica organic–inorganic composite membrane for sulfur dioxide desulfurization". High Performance Polymers 31, n. 1 (16 gennaio 2018): 72–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954008317752072.

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The highly hydrophobic poly(ether sulfone)/fluorinated silica (PES/fSiO2) organic–inorganic composite membrane for sulfur dioxide (SO2) desulfurization was prepared by incorporating the fSiO2 particles on the PES membrane via sol–gel process and fluorination. The formation of PES/fSiO2 organic–inorganic composite membrane was examined by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, and water contact angle. The experimental results showed that the fSiO2 inorganic layer was tightly bonded to the PES membrane surface through silane chemical reactions. The incorporation of the fSiO2 inorganic layer on the PES membrane surface increases the surface roughness and reduces the surface free energy because of the hydrophobic dodecafluoroheptyl-propyl-trimethoxysilane. The hydrophobicity of the PES/fSiO2 composite membrane was dramatically enhanced from 78.0° of PES membrane to 128.2° of PES/fSiO2 membrane. Compared with PES membrane, the desulfurization performance of PES/fSiO2 membrane was investigated. PES/fSiO2 organic–inorganic composite membrane indicated a reasonably stable SO2 absorption flux of 7.69E-4 mol/m2 s during the 240-min-long time operation.

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Ghadhban, Maryam Y., Hasan Shaker Majdi, Khalid T. Rashid, Qusay F. Alsalhy, D. Shanthana Lakshmi, Issam K. Salih e Alberto Figoli. "Removal of Dye from a Leather Tanning Factory by Flat-Sheet Blend Ultrafiltration (UF) Membrane". Membranes 10, n. 3 (18 marzo 2020): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes10030047.

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In this work, a flat-sheet blend membrane was fabricated by a traditional phase inversion method, using the polymer blends poly phenyl sulfone (PPSU) and polyether sulfone (PES) for the ultrafiltration (UF) application. It was hypothesized that adding PES to the PPSU polymer blend would improve the properties of the PPSU membrane. The effect of the PES concentration on the blend membrane properties was investigated extensively. The characteristics of PPSU-PES blend membranes were investigated using atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), contact angle measure, and contaminant (dye) elimination efficiency. This study showed that PES clearly affected the structural formation of the blended membranes. A considerable increase in the average roughness (about 93%) was observed with the addition of 4% PES, with a higher mean pore size accompanied by a rise in the pores’ density on the surface of the membrane. The addition of up to 4% PES had a significant influence on the hydrophilic character of the PPSU-PES membrane, by lowering the value of the contact angle (CA) (i.e., to 56.9°). The performance of the PPSU-PES composite membranes’ UF performance was systematically investigated, and the membrane pure water permeability (PWP) was enhanced by 25% with the addition of 4% PES. The best separation removal factor achieved in the current investigation for dye (Drupel Black NT) was 96.62% for a PPSU-PES (16:4 wt./wt.%) membrane with a 50% feed dye concentration.

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Rohani, Rosiah, Pettymilonna Anak Michael, Khalefa Faneer, Nurul Izzati Izni Md Yusof e Puteri Mimie Isma Nordin. "Development of Polyethersulfone Nanofiltration Membrane with Layer-by-Layer Method for Xylitol Purification". Journal of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology 10, SP2 (26 dicembre 2022): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.54987/jobimb.v10isp2.730.

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This work is aimed to develop polyethersulfone (PES) nanofiltration (NF) membrane with layer-by-layer (LBL) polyelectrolytes of chitosan (CHI) and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) for xylitol purification from fermentation broth. Different number of bilayers and type of terminating layer were manipulated for producing more hydrophilicity, negatively charged with improved performance compared to pristine PES membrane. Successful deposition of polyelectrolyte layers onto PES membrane was able to be proven using various tests such as contact angle, Zetasizer and FT-IR. The results obtained have proven that LBL can develop PES membrane with higher resistance to fouling. From Zeta potential analysis, the value of pristine PES membrane's negativity confirmed the theory of negatively charged substrate for LDL. The negative value of PES membrane increased from -16.5 mV to -32.7 mV after being modified to PES (CHI/PAA)6. From FT-IR spectra, the formation of CHI/PAA complexes on the membrane's surface is confirmed through the presence of stretching peaks of -COOH, -NH3+ and -NH2+ groups The pure water flux reduces from 47.40 ±6.30 L⁄m2.h to 7.40 ±1.64 L⁄m2.h after being modified to PES (CHI/PAA)2. The rejection performance of xylitol for PES (CHI/PAA)2 is higher (84.95%) than pure PES membrane (66.17%), while (CHI/PAA)4 offered the lowest selectivity towards xylitol than arabinose and thus able to obtain higher purity of xylitol as retentate. LBL surface modification using CHI/PAA can develop PES membrane with higher hydrophilicity, negatively charge, and is able to give better xylitol rejection compared to pure PES.

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Yin, Jun. "Fabrication of a Modified Polyethersulfone Membrane with Anti-Fouling and Self-Cleaning Properties from SiO2-g-PHEMA NPs for Application in Oil/Water Separation". Polymers 14, n. 11 (27 maggio 2022): 2169. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14112169.

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To prepare anti-fouling and self-cleaning membrane material, a physical blending modification combined with surface grafting modification has been carried out; first, poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) grafted silica nanoparticles (SiO2-g-PHEMA NPs) were synthesized using surface-initiated activators regenerated by electron transfer atom transfer radical polymerization (ARGET ATRP) and used as a blending modifier to fabricate a polyethersulfone (PES)/SiO2-g-PHEMA organic–inorganic membrane by the phase-inversion method. During the membrane formation process, hydrophobic PES segments coagulated immediately to form a membrane matrix, and the hydrophilic SiO2-g-PHEMA NPs migrated spontaneously to the membrane surface in order to reduce interfacial energy, which enhanced the hydrophilicity and anti-fouling properties of the PES/SiO2-g-PHEMA membrane. Importantly, the membrane surface contained abundant PHEMA segments, which provided active sites for further surface functionalization. Subsequently, the carboxyl-terminated fluorocarbon surfactant (fPEG-COOH) composed of hydrophilic polyethyleneglycol segments and low-surface-energy perfluorinated alkyl segments was synthesized via the esterification of fPEG with succinic anhydride. Lastly, the PES/SiO2-g-PHEMA/fPEG membrane was prepared by grafting fPEG-COOH onto surface of the PES/SiO2-g-PHEMA. Thus, a versatile membrane surface with both fouling-resistant and fouling-release properties was acquired. The PES/SiO2-g-PHEMA/fPEG membrane has a large oil–water flux (239.93 L·m−2·h−1), almost 21 times that of PES blank membrane and 2.8 times of the PES/SiO2-g-PHEMA membrane. Compared with the unmodified PES membrane, the flux recovery ratio increased from 45.75% to 90.52%, while the total flux decline ratio decreased drastically from 82.70% to 13.79%, exhibiting outstanding anti-fouling and self-cleaning properties. Moreover, the grafted fPEG segments on the membrane surface show excellent stability due to the presence of stable chemical bonds. The grafted segments remain at the surface of the membrane even after a long shaking treatment. This suggests that this PES/SiO2-g-PHEMA/fPEG membrane material has potential for application in oil/water separation.

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Kalugin, Denis, Jumanah Bahig, Ahmed Shoker e Amira Abdelrasoul. "Heparin-Immobilized Polyethersulfone for Hemocompatibility Enhancement of Dialysis Membrane: In Situ Synchrotron Imaging, Experimental, and Ex Vivo Studies". Membranes 13, n. 8 (3 agosto 2023): 718. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes13080718.

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The goal of the current study is to enhance the hemocompatibility of polyethersulfone (PES) membranes using heparin immobilization. Heparin was immobilized covalently and via electrostatic interaction with the positively charged PES surface (pseudo-zwitterionic (pZW) complex) to investigate the influence of each method on the membrane hemocompatibility. In situ synchrotron radiation micro-computed tomography (SR-µCT) imaging, available at the Canadian Light Source (CLS), was used to critically assess the fibrinogen adsorption to the newly synthesized membranes qualitatively and quantitatively using an innovative synchrotron-based X-ray tomography technique. The surface roughness of the synthesized membranes was tested using atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis. The membrane hemocompatibility was examined through the ex vivo clinical interaction of the membranes with patients’ blood to investigate the released inflammatory biomarkers (C5a, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, vWF, and C5b-9). The presence and quantitative analysis of a stable hydration layer were assessed with DSC analysis. Surface modification resulted in reduced surface roughness of the heparin-PES membrane. Both types of heparin immobilization on the PES membrane surface resulted in a decrease in the absolute membrane surface charge from −60 mV (unmodified PES) to −13 mV for the pZW complex and −9.16 mV for the covalently attached heparin, respectively. The loss of human serum fibrinogen (FB) was investigated using UV analysis. The PES membrane modified with the heparin pseudo-ZW complex showed increased FB retention (90.5%), while the unmodified PES membrane and the heparin covalently attached PES membrane exhibited approximately the same level of FB retention (81.3% and 79.8%, respectively). A DSC analysis revealed an improvement in the content of the hydration layer (32% of non-freezable water) for the heparin-coated membranes compared to the unmodified PES membrane (2.84%). An SR-µCT analysis showed that the method of heparin immobilization significantly affects FB adsorption distribution across the membrane thickness. A quantitative analysis using SR-µCT showed that when heparin is attached covalently, FB tends to be deposited inside the membrane pores at the top (layer index 0–40) membrane regions, although its content peak distribution shifted to the membrane surface, whereas the unmodified PES membrane holds 90% of FB in the middle (layer index 40–60) of the membrane. The ex vivo hemocompatibility study indicates an improvement in reducing the von Willebrand factor (vWF) for the heparin pseudo-ZW PES membrane compared to the covalently attached heparin and the untreated PES.

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Mannan, Hafiz Abdul, Hilmi Mukhtar e Thanabalan Murugesan. "Polyethersulfone (PES) Membranes for CO₂/CH₄ Separation: Effect of Polymer Blending". Applied Mechanics and Materials 625 (settembre 2014): 172–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.625.172.

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Effect of polymer blending on physico-chemical and gas permeation properties of polyethersulfone (PES) membrane was studied. PES was chosen as base polymer and polysulfone (PSF) and polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) were added as glassy and rubbery polymer additives respectively. The morphology, thermal stability and miscibility of PES membranes were characterized by FESEM, TGA and DSC respectively to observe the effect of polymer blending. The prepared membranes were tested for permeation of CO2 and CH4 at a feed pressure of 2 to 10 bar. PES-PSF membrane exhibits the separation properties identical to PES membrane. PES-PVAc blend membrane was found to be immiscible and high permeability was achieved while the selectivity was lost.

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Yun, Teng Sam, Pei Ching Oh, Moau Jian Toh, Yun Kee Yap e Qin Yi Te. "Xylem-Inspired Hydrous Manganese Dioxide/Aluminum Oxide/Polyethersulfone Mixed Matrix Membrane for Oily Wastewater Treatment". Membranes 12, n. 9 (5 settembre 2022): 860. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12090860.

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Abstract (sommario):

Ultrafiltration membrane has been widely used for oily wastewater treatment application attributed to its cost-efficiency, ease of operation, and high separation performance. To achieve high membrane flux, the pores of the membrane need to be wetted, which can be attained by using hydrophilic membrane. Nevertheless, conventional hydrophilic membrane suffered from inhomogeneous dispersion of nanofillers, causing a bottleneck in the membrane flux performance. This called for the need to enhance the dispersion of nanofillers within the polymeric matrix. In this work, in-house-fabricated hydrous manganese dioxide–aluminum oxide (HMO-Al2O3) was added into polyethersulfone (PES) dope solution to enhance the membrane flux through a xylem-inspired water transport mechanism on capillary action aided by cohesion force. Binary fillers HMO-Al2O3 loading was optimized at 0.5:0.5 in achieving 169 nm membrane mean pore size. Membrane morphology confirmed the formation of macro-void in membrane structure, and this was probably caused by the hydrophilic nanofiller interfacial stress released in PES matrix during the phase inversion process. The superhydrophilic properties of PES 3 in achieving 0° water contact angle was supported by the energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, where it achieved high O element, Mn element, and Al elements of 39.68%, 0.94%, and 5.35%, respectively, indicating that the nanofillers were more homogeneously dispersed in PES matrix. The superhydrophilic property of PES 3 was further supported by high pure water flux at 245.95 L/m2.h.bar, which was 3428.70% higher than the pristine PES membrane, 197.1% higher than PES 1 incorporated with HMO nanofiller, and 854.00% higher than PES 5 incorporated with Al2O3 nanofillers. Moreover, the excellent membrane separation performance of PES 3 was achieved without compromising the oil rejection capability (98.27% rejection) with 12 g/L (12,000 ppm) oily wastewater.

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Fahrina, Afrillia, Teuku Maimun, Syarifah Humaira, Cut Meurah Rosnelly, Mirna Rahmah Lubis, Intan Bahrina, Rahmat Sunarya, Ahmad Ghufran e Nasrul Arahman. "The morphology and filtration performances of poly(ether sulfone) membrane fabricated from different polymer solution". MATEC Web of Conferences 197 (2018): 09001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819709001.

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Abstract (sommario):

The performance of membrane filtrations are mostly determined by pore structure of the fabricated membrane. Selection of polymer and solvent in membrane preparation are influence the morphology of fabricated membrane. The present work discusses the morphology of PES membrane fabricated from different polymer system with constant preparation condition. Polymer system consists of 15 wt% of polyethersulfone (PES) and 85 wt% of solvents. The homogeneous solution includes of PES-dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), PES-dimethylformamide (DMF), and PES-N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP). The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of the types of solvent on the formed membrane morphology. Phase inversion technique is used to solidify the flat sheet membrane in deionized water as a coagulation bath. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the morphology of membrane. A dead-end ultrafiltration module was carried out to observe the filtration performance of the fabricated membrane. It is proved that the different membrane solution affect the membrane structure in term of skin layer, macrovoid, and support layer. Furthermore, the changing of the membrane structure affected the pure water permeability (PWP). It is found that the highest PWP was reached up to 4.52 L/m2.hr.atm using PES-DMSO system.

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Peighami, Reza, Mohamadreza Mehrnia, Fatemeh Yazdian e Mojgan Sheikhpour. "Biocompatibility evaluation of polyethersulfone–pyrolytic carbon composite membrane in artificial pancreas". Biointerphases 18, n. 2 (marzo 2023): 021003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/6.0002155.

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Polyethersulfone (PES) membranes are widely used in medical devices, especially intravascular devices such as intravascular bioartificial pancreases. In the current work, the pure PES and PES–pyrolytic carbon (PyC) composite membranes were synthesized and permeability studies were conducted. In addition, the cytocompatibility and hemocompatibility of the pure PES and PES–PyC membranes were investigated. These materials were characterized using peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) activation, platelet activation, platelet adhesion, ß-cell viability and proliferation, and ß-cell response to hyperglycemia. The results showed that platelet activation decreased from 87.3% to 27.8%. Any alteration in the morphology of sticking platelets was prevented, and the number of attached platelets decreased by modification with PyC. The 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay corroborated that PBMC activation was encouraged by the PyC-modified PES membrane surface. It can be concluded that PES-modified membranes show higher hemocompatibility than pure PES membranes. ß-cells cultured on all the three membranes displayed a lower rate of proliferation although the cells on the PES–PyC (0.1 wt. %) membrane indicated a slightly higher viability and proliferation than those on the pure PES and PES–PyC (0.05 wt. %) membranes. It shows that the PES–PyC (0.1 wt. %) membrane possesses superior cytocompatibility over the other membranes.

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Più fonti

Tesi sul tema "Membrane d’ultrafiltration en PES"

Kavugho, Mission Sophie. "Formulation et étude de nouveaux détergents enzymatiques pour le nettoyage des membranes d'ultrafiltration de l'industrie laitière : développement et validation de méthodologies associées". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Rennes (2023-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024URENS005.

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L’ultrafiltration (UF) du lait écrémé pour la standardisation de la teneur en protéines pour la fabrication des fromages est un procédé membranaire très répandu à l’échelle industrielle. Cependant, le colmatage des membranes par des protéines du lait écrémé provoque une baisse de la productivité et constitue un verrou de ce procédé.Ainsi, l’étape de nettoyage/désinfection bi-quotidienne est indispensable afin de restaurer les performances de la membrane et d’assurer la sécurité sanitaire ainsi que la qualité des produits. Elle est en général réalisée avec des détergents formulés alcalins et acides mais il est également possible d’utiliser des détergents enzymatiques formulés ayant la réputation d’être plus efficaces. Cependant, peu d’études fondamentales existent à ce sujet, ce que cette thèse se propose de contribuer à combler. L’objectif de cette thèse a été de développer de nouveaux détergents enzymatiques efficaces et compatibles avec la membrane en PES/PVP largement utilisée pour l’UF de lait écrémé. La cible du nettoyage est un dépôt de protéines. La démarche s’est appuyée sur une méthodologie d’aide à la formulation de détergents fondée sur la mesure des dépôts résiduels sur la membrane par ATR-FTIR: que ce soit les protéines, les enzymes ou les autres constituants des détergents étudiés. De multiples prototypes ont été formulés en collaboration avec la société Kersia. Leur évaluation a suivi 3 étapes: i) des tests rapides en réacteur fermé (14 cm²) pour sélectionner les détergents prometteurs selon leur efficacité d’élimination du colmatage protéique, leur rinçabilité et le respect de l’intégrité de la membrane à court termes, ii) la transposition des résultats prometteurs en condition de filtration (127 cm²) validant également la filtrabilité des détergents, iii) enfin, la validation de la compatibilité détergent/membrane sur le long terme grâce au vieillissement accéléré sous micro-onde (3 cm²), et au nettoyage d’une membrane spirale (6.8 m²) pendant 52 heures
Ultrafiltration (UF) of skim milk for standardization of the protein content for cheese making is a very common membrane process at industrial scale. However, fouling of the membranes with skim milk proteins causes a drop in productivity and constitutes a barrier to this process. Thus, the twice-daily cleaning/disinfection step is essential to restore the performance of the membrane and ensure health safety and product quality. It is generally carried out with alkaline and acidic formulated detergents, but it is also possible to use formulated enzymatic detergents which enjoy the reputation of being more effective. However, few fundamental studies exist on this subject, which this thesis aims to contribute to fill. The objective of this thesis was to develop new enzymatic detergents that are are effecient and compatible with the PES/PVP membrane widely used for skim milk UF. The target of the cleaning is a protein deposit. The approach was based on a methodology to aid the formulation of detergents based on the measurement of residual deposits on the membrane by ATR-FTIR: whether proteins, enzymes or other constituents of the detergents studied. Mutliple prototypes were formulated in collaboration with Kersia Company. Their evaluation followed 3 steps: i) rapid tests in a batch reactor (14 cm²) to select promising detergents according to their effectiveness in eliminating protein fouling, their cleanability and the integrity of the membrane in the short term, ii) transposition of promissing results under filtration conditions (127 cm²) also validating the filterability detergents, iii) finally, validation of detergent/membrane compatibility over the long term thanks to accelerated aging under microwave (3 cm²) and cleaning of the spiral wound membrane (6.8 cm²) for 52 hours

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Bigliardi, Brando. "Study of PVAm-graphene selective layer on PES membrane for gas separation". Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021.

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Abstract (sommario):

Many studies focused on the improvement of membrane performance by addition of nanofiller creating the so-called mixed matrix membranes. In this work, the feasibility of producing a multi-layer selective membrane for carbon dioxide separation is analysed. Two different deposition technique, 2-D printing and Mayer bar deposition, were explored. The multi-layer membranes were composed by a support layer of polyethersulfone and a selective layer of polyvinyl amine and graphene. Some consideration about ink formulation for 2-D printing were also developed in this work.

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Belmejdoub, Jihane. "Sur l’intégrité des protéines et la valorisation des effluents pour une production durable par membrane d’ultrafiltration : application à l’industrie laitière". Rennes 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REN1S220.

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Les protéines solubles du lait de vache ont un intérêt reconnu dans les industries agro-alimentaire en raison de leur valeur nutritionnelle et de leurs propriétés techno-fonctionnelles. A condition de valider que les protéines ne sont pas dénaturées par les procédés membranaires, ceci pourraient être utilisés à l’échelle industrielle pour la préparation de fractions protéiques à fonctions ciblées. Cette thèse propose une première partie sur la mise au point d’une méthodologie pour étudier la possibilité de dénaturation des protéines par des membranes fortement rétentives en comparant avec des expériences modèles de dénaturation mécanique et thermique (mixeur, agitateur magnétique et bain marie). L’analyse par fluorescence intrinsèque et HPLC en phase inverse pour laquelle de nouveaux gradients ont été mis au point pour chaque protéine, s’avèrent être deux outils pertinents pour la mise en évidence de la dénaturation ciblées. Par ailleurs, les procédés à membranes génèrent des volumes d’effluents qui doivent être minimisés pour une production éco-compatible et durable. La deuxième partie de cette thèse propose une démarche pour une valorisation des effluents globaux après traitement par ultrafiltration pour le nettoyage de membranes PES spirales colmatées par du lait écrémé
The soluble proteins of cow milk have an interest recognized in the food industry because of their nutritional values and their techno-functional properties. Provided to validate that the proteins are not denatured by membrane processes, this can be used at industrial scale for preparation of proteins fractions with targeted functions. The first part of this thesis is focused on a methodology to study the possibility of the denaturation of proteins by highly retentive membranes in comparison with model experiments of mechanical and thermal denaturation (blender, magnetic stirrer and Marie bath). The analysis of intrinsic fluorescence and reversed phase HPLC for which new gradients were proposed for each protein, prove to be two relevant tools for highlighting targeted denaturation. Moreover, the membranes processes generates large volumes of effluents that must be minimized for an eco-friendly and sustainable production. The second part for this thesis proposes a step for a valorization of global effluents after ultrafiltration for the cleaning of spiral wounded PES membranes fouled by skim milk

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Wu, Dongzhu. "SUBSTRATE DESIGN AND MEMBRANE STABILITY OF MULTILAYER COMPOSITE MEMBRANE FOR CO2 SEPARATION". The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1510429230811329.

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Diagne, Ndeye Wemsy. "Le nettoyage : une étape-clef pour une production durable par procédé à membrane : réflexion sur le lien entre conditions de production et nettoyabilité d'une membrane PES de l'industrie laitière". Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01019725.

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Abstract (sommario):

Le nettoyage en place des membranes en industrie agro-alimentaire est une opération cruciale qui, outre les exigences de sécurité sanitaire des installations et des produits traités doit permettre de restaurer les performances de la filtration (sélectivité, flux) en éliminant le colmatage formé pendant l'étape de production. Malheureusement cette étape repose encore sur des bases empiriques et non optimisées. A cause d'un manque de notions fondamentales, elle est encore pressentie comme un frein à l'utilisation massive des procédés membranaires. Une démarche originale a été menée dans le cadre de cette thèse incluant la réflexion sur l'incidence des paramètres hydrodynamiques des conditions de production sur la cohésion du dépôt colmatant et plus particulièrement de sa fraction irréversible, dont la nettoyabilité est étudiée. Pour fonder cette démarche, une étude comparée du colmatage et du nettoyage au flux limite et au flux critique a été réalisée en intégrant le rôle de la physico-chimie et de l'hydrodynamique pendant la phase de production. cette étude s'inscrit dans un cadre d'éco-conception de procédé, avec une analyse de cycle de vie réalisée afin d'estimer l'impact environnemental de l'étape de nettoyage via divers scénarii simplifiés.

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Pellegrin, Bastien. "Analyse multi-échelle de la dégradation de membranes d'ultrafiltration en polyethersulfone - poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone) en conditions d'usage". Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2084/.

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Ces travaux portent sur l'étude du vieillissement de membranes d'ultrafiltration en PES / PVP. Ils sont motivés par le constat industriel de l'endommagement des membranes au cours de leur utilisation. Il est démontré que l'hypochlorite de sodium utilisé lors des procédures de lavages sur site de production d'eau potable est le principal responsable du vieillissement des membranes. Cette dégradation chimique conduit à une oxydation radicalaire de la PVP (avec et sans rupture de chaînes), entraînant son élimination partielle de la structure de la membrane. Ce phénomène provoque une augmentation de la perméabilité à l'eau pure, une diminution de la sélectivité et une altération des propriétés mécaniques de la membrane. Une relation directe entre l'évolution de l'allongement à la rupture (déterminé par essais de traction) et la quantité de PVP contenue dans les 40 premiers microns en dessous de la surface de la membrane est notamment établie. Nous mettons également en évidence la relative stabilité de la PES. L'exposition de la PES à l'hypochlorite provoque la formation de phénols ortho-substitués (sans rupture de chaînes), uniquement en présence de PVP. En plus de l'altération de la sélectivité et des propriétés mécaniques, d'un point de vue applicatif, ces modifications chimiques donnent lieu à une augmentation de la sensibilité au colmatage. Les résultats de cette étude de vieillissement accéléré en laboratoire sont supportés par l'analyse de membranes issues de modules ayant opéré durant plusieurs années sur site de production d'eau potable. En effet, les marqueurs macroscopiques et moléculaires de la dégradation présentent, dans les deux cas, les mêmes évolutions. Cependant, l'accent est mis sur l'invalidité du concept de dose, très largement utilisé pour quantifier l'avancement de la dégradation. En effet, nous démontrons que, dans la gamme de concentrations et de temps que nous avons étudié, il existe un effet prépondérant de la concentration par rapport au temps
Motivated by drinking water production plants reporting membrane failure issues, this study investigates the ageing of a commercially available PES / PVP UF hollow fiber. Proof is given that membrane degradation is mainly induced by sodium hypochlorite exposure. The effects on the PES chemical structure are limited, very low extend of chain scission occurs and the formation of an ortho-substituted phenol is observed as the main modification. Experiments show that the presence of PVP and/or PVP degradation products is a required condition for the PES oxidation to occur. On the other hand, PVP appears to be very sensitive to hypochlorite exposure. PVP radical oxidation mechanisms are identified presenting a maximal reaction rate for neutral to slightly basic pH and leading to the partial removal of the PVP degradation products from the membrane structure. Correlation of macroscopic and molecular characterizations demonstrates that PVP degradation is responsible for the membrane integrity loss (impairing selectivity and mechanical performance), while hypochlorite exposure also induces enhanced membrane / solutes interactions, leading to an accentuated fouling. The representativeness of static continuous hypochlorite exposure regarding the actual on-site membrane ageing is confirmed by the analysis of membranes extracted from an industrially operated module. Nevertheless, the hypochlorite dose parameter, widely used in the literature, is demonstrated to be inappropriate to describe the degradation rate: the hypochlorite concentration impact is shown to be dominating the exposure time impact on the degradation rate

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Wang, Di. "Ιnnοvative cοmpοsite pοlymer materials fοr CΟ2 separatiοn". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NORMIR09.

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Actuellement, les émissions de CO₂, principal responsable du réchauffement climatique, augmentent à un rythme alarmant. Par conséquent, il existe un besoin mondial croissant de technologies de pointe capables de séparer et de capturer efficacement le CO₂. Dans ce travail, une série de membranes composites PSF/IL et PES/IL pour la séparation du CO₂ ont été étudiées. Six IL ([Meim][TFSO₃], [Vim][TFSO₃], [Meim][Tf₂N], [Vim][Tf₂N], Li(DOBA)[Tf₂N] et Li(HDA)[Tf₂N]) ont été synthétisés avec succès et caractérisés par FT-IR, 1H RMN, TGA et DSC. Des membranes composites avec différentes quantités d'IL ont été fabriquées par évaporation de solvent puis étudiées par FT-IR, TGA, DSC, MEB, cartographie du F, énergie de surface, essais de traction et perméation aux gaz (CO₂, N₂ et O₂). A 25°C et 4 bar, la membrane PES/10[Vim][Tf₂N] présente une perméabilité au CO₂ de 1,92 Barrer avec des sélectivités CO₂/N₂ et CO₂/O₂ améliorées de 20,4 et 6,1, respectivement
Currently, the emission of CO₂, which is the primary contributor to global warming, is increasing at an alarming rate. Consequently, there is a growing global need for cutting-edge technologies that can effectively separate and capture CO₂. In the present work, a series of PSF/IL and PES/IL composite membranes for CO₂ separation were investigated. Six ILs ([Meim][TFSO₃], [Vim][TFSO₃], [Meim][Tf₂N], [Vim][Tf₂N], Li(DOBA)[Tf₂N] and Li(HDA)[Tf₂N]) were synthesized successfully and characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR, TGA and DSC. Composite membranes with different IL loadings were fabricated by solution casting method and exhaustively studied by FT-IR, TGA, DSC, SEM, F-mapping, surface energy, tensile tests, and gas permeation (CO₂, N₂ and O₂). Under 25°C and 4 bar, PES/10[Vim][Tf₂N] membrane showed a CO₂ permeability of 1.92 Barrer with improved CO₂/N₂ and CO₂/O₂ selectivities of 20.4 and 6.1, respectively

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Morizur, Vincent. "Fonctionnalisation de polymères et applications dans les domaines de l’énergie, de la catalyse, de la cosmétique et de la santé". Thesis, Nice, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NICE4102.

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Les polymères sont à l’heure actuelle étudiés dans de nombreux domaines comme la chimie, la biochimie, les nanotechnologies, l'électronique, la médecine ou encore les sciences des matériaux et trouvent des applications dans des domaines comme l’industrie automobile, la chimie fine. L’objectif de cette thèse est de réaliser la fonctionnalisation de polymères et de modifier les propriétés de ces matériaux afin d’envisager des nouvelles applications. Nous nous sommes intéressés à des polymères de la famille des poly(aryle éther) et plus particulièrement au poly(éther éther cétone) (PEEK). Ce polymère est connu pour ses propriétés mécaniques, thermiques, électriques ou encore pour sa résistance aux produits chimiques. Dans le premier chapitre, il est question de la fonctionnalisation des différents polymères de départ par des fonctions chlorures de sulfonyle, acides sulfoniques et sulfonamides. Le second chapitre est consacré à la synthèse et à l’étude électrochimique de nouveaux électrolytes polymériques et à de nouvelles membranes pour d’éventuelles applications dans le domaine des batteries au lithium et au sodium, ainsi que dans le domaine des piles à combustible. Dans un troisième chapitre, la préparation de nouveaux catalyseurs métalliques dérivés d’acides sulfoniques polymériques est discutée. Une étude de l’activité catalytique de ces différents catalyseurs a été réalisée sur la réaction d’acylation de Friedel-Crafts. Le quatrième chapitre est consacré à la préparation de nouveaux matériaux ayant des propriétés optiques intéressantes. Enfin dans un cinquième chapitre, la préparation et l’étude de nouveaux matériaux ayant des propriétés antibactériennes sont exposées
Polymers are now being studied in many fields such as chemistry, biochemistry, nanotechnology, electronics, medicine or material science and have applications in areas such as automotive industry, food industry, fine chemistry. The objective of this thesis is to achieve the functionalization of polymers and modify the properties of these materials in order to consider new applications. We were interested in polymers with the poly(aryl ether) motif, more particularly poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK). This polymer is known for its mechanical, thermal, electrical properties and for its resistance to chemicals. In the first chapter, we present the functionalization of different polymers by sulfonyl chloride, sulfonic acid and sulfonamide functions. The second chapter is devoted to the synthesis and electrochemical study of novel polymeric electrolytes and new membranes for potential applications in the field of lithium and sodium batteries, as well as in the field of fuel cells. In the third chapter, the preparation of new metal catalysts derived from polymeric sulfonic acids is discussed. A study of the catalytic activity of these different polymeric catalysts was carried out on the Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction. The fourth chapter is devoted to the preparation of new materials with interesting optical properties. Finally, in the fifth chapter, the preparation and the study of new materials with antibacterial properties are reported

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Lin, Jian-De, e 林建德. "Nano-titania (TiO2)/polyethersulfone (PES) ultrafiltration membrane preparation and antifouling capability analyses". Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/jas35s.

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碩士
淡江大學
化學工程與材料工程學系碩士班
106
In this research, we introduce TiO2 sol (synthesized via the sol-gel procedure) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) into the casting dope for polyethersulfone (PES)/TiO2 composite membrane formation. The former additive is used to enhance the hydrophilicity, whereas the latter functions as a pore former to engender pore-pore interconnection. Prepared membranes (termed mixed matrix membrane, MMM) can be divided into 3 series: P0, P1.5 and P5, according to the amount of added PVP. Each series consists of several membranes with TiO2 contents. To disperse TiO2 finely (on the scale of 2-3 nm) in the casting dope, the sol-gel process incorporates DMAc as the solvent, same as that used for preparation of the casting dopes. All membranes show the asymmetric structure with a dense surface (skin) and a porous cross section composed of finger-liked macrovoids and large irregular macrovoids. With the increase of added PVP, the pores on the top and bottom surfaces increase, resulting in an increase of the pure water flux, while the irregular large macrovoids gradually transform into finger-liked macrovoids. Changing the amount of added TiO2, the surface pore size of the membrane is found to increase first and then decrease; the pure water flux follows the same trend. The porosity of the membrane is about 80-88%, and the contact angle of the top surface gradually decreases with the addition of TiO2. The tensile strength decreases with the increase of added amount of PVP, which is attributed to the larger pores of the top and bottom surfaces. However, when the added PVP is fixed, the tensile strength increases first and then decreases with the addition of TiO2. The amount of PVP resided in the membrane has been determined by NMR analysis. The results show that about 90% of the PVP is removed during the membrane formation process and the residual amount only accounts for 1-2% of the membrane weight. Thermal properties based on TGA and DSC analysis show that the thermal stability of the membrane increases with the TiO2 content: an increase of 5C on the maximum thermal degradation temperature and 10C of the glass transition temperature. The BSA filtration experiments show that the rejection ratio of the P0 and P1.5 series are both 99% and yet it is only about 93% for the P5 series. As to the pure water flux and the recovery ratio, both increase first and then decrease with the TiO2 content. The reason is that TiO2 can increase the hydrophilicity of the membrane surface and thus reduces the hydrophobic adsorption of BSA on the surface. However, excessive amount of TiO2 can cause agglomeration of TiO2, which in turn lead to decrease of its antifouling efficiency. PEG is used to determine the molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) of the membranes. For the P0 series, the MWCO is about 270-350 kDa, for the P1.5 series, it is about 325-510 kDa, and for the P5 series, it is about 450-850 kDa. These results are consistent with the pure water flux and the pore size data.

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Mthethwa, Velinjani. "Investigation of polyethersulfone (PES) hollow fiber membrane for the treatment of acid mine drainage". Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/17675.

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Efforts in treatment of acid mine drainage (AMD) have been fraught with limitations for the mining industry. Membrane filtration technology is a new alternative employed to treat AMD in this work. A commercially available polyethersulfone (PES) hollow fibre nanofiltration membrane was investigated for its likelihood for the treatment of AMD. The system was configured in a cross flow set up and effects of pH, feed flowrate and operation time were explored in relation to the membrane performance (rejection and flux). Acid mine collected from site had a very high concentration of Iron (1.055 mg/L), sulphate (3639.301 mg/L) and high levels of hardness due to magnesium ions (523.011 mg/L). Also, heavy metals were in trace amounts. Experimental results showed that the maximum rejection of iron was 96.28 % at a pH of 4.37, maximum feed flowrate of 872ml/min and the iron permeate concentration was within the potable water standards (less than 0.100mg/L) inferring suitability of the membrane for AMD amelioration at the aforementioned pH. Furthermore, maximum rejection of sulphate ions was 97.30% at a pH of 6.55 and maximum feed flowrate. In addition, the membrane was efficient in curbing the hardness (91.99 % rejection) of the AMD to the accepted water standards at the pH of 4.37. The reduction of hardness levels, iron, and sulphate concentrations by the membrane were attributed to steric (size) exclusion and electrostatic interaction mechanisms. Although the membrane had a large surface area (2m2), the flux was not that high (ranged from 3 - 4.5 L/m2hr). Further studies on modification of the polyethersulfone polymer matrix within the realm of enhancing its hydrophilicity henceforth flux are desirable.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Membrane d’ultrafiltration en PES"

Zhang, Yuzhong. "SPS/PES Asymmetric Blend Nanofiltration Membrane". In Encyclopedia of Membranes, 1817–19. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44324-8_1049.

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Zhang, Yuzhong. "SPS/PES Asymmetric Blend Nanofiltration Membrane". In Encyclopedia of Membranes, 1–3. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40872-4_1049-6.

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Wang, Aiai, e Zhonghua Sun. "Preparation and Characterization of Non-woven Blend Membrane from CA and PES in DMAc/LiCl". In Advances in Graphic Communication, Printing and Packaging, 873–81. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3663-8_117.

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Alkindy, Maryam B., Munirasu Selvaraj, Fawzi Banat e Shadi Wajih Hasan. "Preparation of PES/GO/APTES-SiO2 Mixed Matrix Membrane for the Treatment of Oily Wastewater". In Frontiers in Water-Energy-Nexus—Nature-Based Solutions, Advanced Technologies and Best Practices for Environmental Sustainability, 447–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-13068-8_112.

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Sadare, Olawumi Oluwafolakemi, Molly Katlo Keitemoge e Kapil Moothi. "Fabrication and Characterization of Functionalized Cellulose Nanocrystals (CNCs)-Infused Polyethersulfone (PES) Polymer Membrane for Enhanced Antifouling Property". In Recent Advances in Environmental Science from the Euro-Mediterranean and Surrounding Regions (4th Edition), 229–35. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-51904-8_53.

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Kanwal, Ansa, Asim Ali Yaqoob, Affia Siddique, Mohamad Nasir Mohamad Ibrahim e Akil Ahmad. "Polyethersulfone (PES) nanofiltration membrane for treatment of toxic metal contaminated water". In Emerging Techniques for Treatment of Toxic Metals from Wastewater, 319–41. Elsevier, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-822880-7.00004-2.

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"Studying the role of magnetite (Fe O) colloids functionality on PES membrane in removing of humic acid foulant using QCM-D". In Membrane Technology for Water and Wastewater Treatment, Energy and Environment, 89–96. CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b19702-4.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Membrane d’ultrafiltration en PES"

Haubrock, J., G. Heideck e Z. Styczynski. "Dynamic Investigation on Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Systems". In 2007 IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pes.2007.385869.

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Rozafia, A. I., K. Roziqin, Y. L. Ni'mah, W. P. Utomo, M. Zainuri e D. Hartanto. "Utilization of modified ZSM-5 as filler for polyethersulfone (PES) membrane". In THE 8TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE INDONESIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (ICICS) 2019. AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0001693.

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Yang, Cheng-Kang, Chia-Hao Lin, Sarah A. Ward, Eric D. Conte e Shing-Yi Suen. "Preparation of PES/Banana Peel Mixed Matrix Membrane and its Application". In 14th Asia Pacific Confederation of Chemical Engineering Congress. Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-07-1445-1_332.

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Buasri, P., e Z. M. Salameh. "An electrical circuit model for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC)". In 2006 IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pes.2006.1709093.

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Gu, Ye, e Norihisa Miki. "Microfilter Fabricated with PDMS and PES Membrane Applicable for Implantable Artificial Kidney". In 2007 2nd IEEE International Conference on Nano/Micro Engineered and Molecular Systems. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nems.2007.352138.

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Kusworo, Tutuk D., Nita Aryanti, Enny Nurmalasari e Dani Puji Utomo. "PVA coated nano hybrid PES-ZnO membrane for natural rubber wastewater treatment". In PROCEEDINGS OF 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CHEMICAL PROCESS AND PRODUCT ENGINEERING (ICCPPE) 2019. AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5140925.

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Johary, Fasihah, Nur Adibah Jamaluddin, Rosiah Rohani, Abdul Rahman Hassan, Syazrin Syima Sharifuddin e Mohd Hafez Mohd Isa. "Development of polyethersulfone (PES)/silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)/polyethylene glycol (PEG) nanofiltration membrane". In RECENT ADVANCEMENT ON APPLIED PHYSICS, INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY: Proceedings of the International Conference on Recent Advancements in Science and Technology 2017 (ICoRAST2017). Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5041243.

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Borduin, Russell, e Wei Li. "Development of Foamed PES-Zeolite Mixed Matrix Membranes for PEM Fuel Cell Humidification". In ASME 2016 11th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2016-8786.

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Polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell efficiency must be improved in order to become cost-competitive with fossil fuel based technologies. Approaches to increasing cost efficiency include raising fuel cell operating temperature, reducing component cost and properly controlling fuel cell humidification. We sought to fulfill all three requirements by developing a new low-cost, high-temperature humidification membrane material. Currently Nafion dominates the membrane humidifier market due to its excellent water transport characteristics, but its high price (∼$1000/m2) and low maximum operating temperature (<90°C) drive up fuel cell cost. We developed a competing PES-zeolite mixed matrix membrane (MMM) with a porous microstructure. Solvent casting was used to form the initial PES-zeolite films, followed by solid state foaming to alter the film morphology and create a porous structure. The effects of both zeolite weight loading and foaming duration on membrane permeability were investigated. Membrane measurement results show both foaming and increased zeolite weight loading enhance membrane water permeability close to levels seen in Nafion. Meanwhile, the membranes satisfies the Department of Energy (DOE) crossover gas requirement for humidification membrane materials.

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Liu, Shuo, Hongjun Han, Yanping Liu e Baozhen Wang. "An atomic force microscopy study on fouling characteristics of modified PES membrane in submerged membrane bioreactor for domestic wastewater treatment". In International Symposium on Instrumentation Science and Technology, a cura di Jiubin Tan e Xianfang Wen. SPIE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.810707.

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Yang, Xiaohong, Rui Tian, Haili Lv e Shujuan Ma. "Design and Experimental Study of the Stacked Components of Solar-Powered Membrane Distillation". In 2012 IEEE PES Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference (APPEEC). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/appeec.2012.6306914.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Membrane d’ultrafiltration en PES"

Husson, Scott M., Viatcheslav Freger e Moshe Herzberg. Antimicrobial and fouling-resistant membranes for treatment of agricultural and municipal wastewater. United States Department of Agriculture, gennaio 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7598151.bard.

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This research project introduced a novel membrane coating strategy to combat biofouling, which is a major problem for the membrane-based treatment of agricultural and municipal wastewaters. The novelty of the strategy is that the membrane coatings have the unique ability to switch reversibly between passive (antifouling) and active (antimicrobial) fouling control mechanisms. This dual-mode approach differs fundamentally from other coating strategies that rely solely on one mode of fouling control. The research project had two complementary objectives: (1) preparation, characterization, and testing of dual-mode polymer nanolayers on planar surfaces and (2) evaluation of these nanolayers as membrane modifiers. The first objective was designed to provide a fundamental understanding of how polymer nanolayer chemistry and structure affect bacterial deposition and to demonstrate the reversibility of chemical switching. The second objective, which focused on membrane development, characterization, and testing, was designed to demonstrate methods for the production of water treatment membranes that couple passive and active biofouling control mechanisms. Both objectives were attained through synergistic collaboration among the three research groups. Using planar silicon and glass surfaces, we demonstrated using infrared spectroscopy that this new polymer coating can switch reversibly between the anti-fouling, zwitterion mode and an anti-microbial, quaternary amine mode. We showed that switching could be done more than 50 times without loss of activity and that the kinetics for switching from a low fouling zwitterion surface to an antimicrobial quaternary amine surface is practical for use. While a low pH was required for switching in the original polymer, we illustrated that by slightly altering the chemistry, it is possible to adjust the pH at which the switching occurs. A method was developed for applying the new zwitterionic surface chemistry onto polyethersulfone (PES) ultrafiltration membranes. Bacteria deposition studies showed that the new chemistry performed better than other common anti-fouling chemistries. Biofilm studies showed that PESultrafiltration membranes coated with the new chemistry accumulated half the biomass volume as unmodified membranes. Biofilm studies also showed that PES membranes coated with the new chemistry in the anti-microbial mode attained higher biofilm mortality than PES membranes coated with a common, non-switchablezwitterionic polymer. Results from our research are expected to improve membrane performance for the purification of wastewaters prior to use in irrigation. Since reduction in flux due to biofouling is one of the largest costs associated with membrane processes in water treatment, using dual-mode nanolayer coatings that switch between passive and active control of biofouling and enable detachment of attached biofoulants would have significant economic and societal impacts. Specifically, this research program developed and tested advanced ultrafiltration membranes for the treatment of wastewaters. Such membranes could find use in membrane bioreactors treating municipal wastewater, a slightly upgraded version of what presently is used in Israel for irrigation. They also may find use for pretreatment of agricultural wastewaters, e.g., rendering facility wastewater, prior to reverse osmosis for desalination. The need to desalinate such impaired waters water for unlimited agricultural use is likely in the near future.

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