Tesi sul tema "Membrane d’échangeuse de protons"
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Ebrahimi, Mohammad. "Hybrid membranes based on iοnic liquids for application in fuel cells". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NORMR029.
Testo completoProton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMC) has attracted a lot of attention in the both, laboratories and industries because PEMFC is considered as the green source of energy. Polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) is the most important part in PEMFC owing to the fact that it is responsible for carrying protons between electrodes. Nafion® is the most commonly used polymer for PEM preparation because of its good thermal, mechanical, and chemical stability as well as high ionic conductivity. This polymer has excellent performance at low up to moderate temperatures under humidified condition. However, working at elevated temperature is more desirable and under these conditions the ionic conductivity of Nafion® membrane drops down significantly owing to the water evaporation. To obtain PEMs which can be applied at higher temperatures under anhydrous conditions, ionic liquids (ILs) are used as the proton carrier. The aim of this PhD thesis was to synthesis thermally stable and conductive ILs and use them as the additive to prepare proton conductive membranes for PEMFC application at elevated temperature.Several Pr-ILs containing different anions ([TFS]-, [TFA]-, [HS]-, [BUPH]-, and [EHPH]-based) and cations ([DETA]-, [DEPA]-, [MIM]-, and [BIM]-based) were prepared by acid-base neutralization reaction. The dynamic TGA results showed that there is a direct link between the acidity of acid and thermal stability of IL and [TFS]-based ILs demonstrated the highest thermal stability (Tdeg ~ 415−435 °C) owing to the high acidity of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (pKa ~ -14). [TFS]-based ILs showed the highest ionic conductivity values (~ 34.5−63.7 mS•cm-1 at 150 °C) because trifluoromethanesulfonic acid is a stronger acid as compared to the other used acids for IL synthesis. According to the results, the following ionic conductivity order of studied anions can be proposed: [TFS] ˃ [HS] ˃ [TFA] ˃ [BUPH] ˃ [EHPH]. The obtained results showed that synthesized Pr-ILs have great potential to be used in PEMFC application. However, owing to the physical state of ILs, it is not possible to use them alone as the electrolyte in PEMFC. In order to have ion conductive PEM, composite membranes (polymer + IL) must be prepared.CAB/[DETA][TFS]-[DEPA][BUPH] composite membranes were prepared by a phase inversion technique. Composite membranes containing 0, 23, 33, and 41 wt.% of ILs were prepared (M0, M1, M2, and M3, respectively) by the phase inversion method. The presence of ILs in the membrane was confirmed by FTIR and EDX analysis. Thermal analysis revealed the lower thermal stability of composite membranes (Tdeg ~ 256–265 °C) in comparison with pure CAB membrane (Tdeg ~ 360 °C). Composite membranes showed good ionic conductivity (0.1–1 mS•cm-1 at 120 °C) and it was found that an increase of ILs concentration from 23 to 41 wt.% resulted in rising the membrane ionic conductivity owing to the increase of conductive regions. Furthermore, membrane ionic conductivity increased by rising the operating temperature from 25 to 120 °C owing to the ionic mobility enhancement. M3 membrane showed the highest ionic conductivity of 0.443 mS•cm-1 at 120 °C under anhydrous condition. The results prove that the fabricated CAB/[DETA][TFS]-[DEPA][BUPH] composite membranes are promising candidates for using in electrochemical applications, namely fuel cell
Nabil, Yannick. "Supports de Catalyseur Nanostructurés pour Pile à Combustible à Membrane Échangeuse de Protons". Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENCM0029/document.
Testo completoOne pivotal issue to be overcome for the widespread adoption of Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) is the stability overtime. In this context, This PhD project focuses on the elaboration of niobium carbide based electrocatalyst supports for the PEMFC cathode to replace the conventional carbon based supports that notoriously suffer from corrosion in fuel cell operating conditions. The approach is to associate this alternative chemical composition with controlled morphologies in order to design electronically conductive and chemically stable materials with the appropriate porosity. Three different syntheses involving hydrothermal template synthesis or electrospinning have been developed leading to three different morphologies: nanostructured powders with high surface area, self-standing nanofibrous mats, and nanotubes with porous walls. These various supports have been catalysed by deposition of platinum nanoparticles synthesised by a microwave-assisted polyol method, and they have been characterised for their chemical and structural composition, morphology, and electrochemical properties. This work demonstrates that the Pt loaded NbC supports feature a greater electrochemical stability than a commercial Pt/C reference and similar electrocatalytic activities towards the oxygen reduction reaction
Ion, Mihaela Florentina. "Proton transport in proton exchange membrane fuel cells /". free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3164514.
Testo completoSANTORO, THAIS A. de B. "Estudo tecnologico de celulas a combustivel experimentais a membrana polimerica trocadora de protons". reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2004. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11174.
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Cognard, Gwenn. "Electrocatalyseurs à base d’oxydes métalliques poreux pour pile à combustible à membrane échangeuse de protons". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAI007.
Testo completoConventional electrocatalysts used in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) are composed of platinum nanoparticles supported on high specific surface area carbon blacks. At the cathode side of the PEMFC, where the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) occurs, the electrochemical potential can reach high values - especially during startup-shutdown operating conditions - resulting in irreversible degradation of the carbon support. A “material” solution consists of replacing the carbon with supports based on metal oxides. The latter have to be resistant to electrochemical corrosion, be electronic conductor and have a porous and nano-architectural structure (for the transport of reagents and products and the homogeneous distribution of the ionomer and platinum nanoparticles).In this work, we have developed and characterized electrocatalysts composed of platinum (Pt) nanoparticles based on tin dioxide (SnO2) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) with optimized textural (aerogel, nanofibres or loosetubes morphologies) and electron-conduction properties (doped with niobium Nb or antimony Sb). The best electrocatalytic properties are reached for an antimony-doped SnO2 aerogel support, denoted ATO. The Pt/ATO electrocatalyst has especially a higher specific activity for the ORR than a Pt/carbon Vulcan® electrocatalyst, synthesized in the same conditions, suggesting beneficial interactions between the Pt nanoparticles and the metal oxide support (Strong Metal Support Interactions SMSI).Durability tests simulating automotive operating conditions of a PEMFC were carried out in liquid electrolyte at 57 °C on these two electrocatalysts by cycling between 0.60 and 1.00 V vs the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) or between 1.00 and 1.50 V vs RHE. The Pt/ATO electrocatalyst has an increased stability compared to the reference Pt/carbon Vulcan® electrocatalyst. However, new degradation mechanisms were highlighted in this study: first, the doping element (Sb) is progressively dissolved during electrochemical ageing, which implies a loss of electronic conductivity. This loss is partly due to incursions at low potential, including during electrochemical characterizations. Moreover, between 5,000 and 10,000 cycles of the accelerated stress tests (between 0.60 and 1.00 V vs RHE or between 1.00 and 1.50 V vs RHE at 57 °C), the support loses its porous structure and forms a poorly conductive amorphous film
Bultel, Yann. "Modélisation des couches actives d'électrodes volumiques de piles à combustible à membrane échangeuse de protons". Grenoble INPG, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPG0054.
Testo completoToudret, Pierre. "Compréhension et optimisation des couches actives de pile à combustible à membrane échangeuse de protons". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023GRALI124.
Testo completoThe Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) is an electrochemical converter that produces electricity, heat and water from the oxidation of hydrogen and reduction of oxygen. This efficient and greenhouse gas-free technology is a promising candidate for reducing CO2 emissions, particularly in heavy-duty transportation applications (trucks, buses, etc.). Catalyst layers are the seat of electrochemical reactions and thus the electrodes of the PEMFC. They determine the performance, cost and durability of the fuel cell. Catalyst layers are porous layers composed of nanostructured catalyst particles bound by a proton-conducting polymer, the ionomer. The catalyst layer is obtained by drying, after coating, an ink consisting of a dispersion of catalyst particles and ionomer in one or more solvents. It has been shown that the performance of the catalyst layer depends on manufacturing parameters such as catalyst layer composition, ink solvent type, deposition and assembly process with other PEMFC components. In this work, the structural characterization of the ionomer in the catalyst layer will provide a better understanding of the relationships between its fabrication and operation
Zhao, Zuzhen. "Détermination des mécanismes de dégradation d'électrodes modèles de pile à combustible à membrane échangeuse de protons". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00764891.
Testo completoDijoux, Étienne. "Contrôle tolérant aux défauts appliqué aux systèmes pile à combustible à membrane échangeuse de protons (pemfc)". Thesis, La Réunion, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LARE0008/document.
Testo completoFuel cells (FC) are powerful systems for electricity production. They have a good efficiency and do not generate greenhouse gases. This technology involves a lot of scientific fields, which leads to the appearance of strongly inter-dependent parameters. It makes the system particularly hard to control and increase the fault’s occurrence frequency. These two issues underline the necessity to maintain the expected system performance, even in faulty condition. It is a so-called “fault tolerant control” (FTC). The present paper aims to describe the state of the art of FTC applied to the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). The FTC approach is composed of two parts. First, a diagnostic part allows the identification and the isolation of a fault. It requires a good a priori knowledge of all the possible faults in the system. Then, a control part, where an optimal control strategy is needed to find the best operating point or to recover the fault
Gloaguen, Frédéric. "Piles à combustible à membrane échangeuse de protons : contribution à l'étude de la cathode à oxygène". Grenoble INPG, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPG0105.
Testo completoMORAES, GILBERTO de O. "Obtencao de membranas tracadoras de protons a base polietileno para uso em celulas a combustivel". reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2008. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9359.
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IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
Otmani, Nassim. "Détermination des contraintes mécaniques dans les membranes Nafion® au cours du fonctionnement en pile à combustible". Grenoble INPG, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPG0117.
Testo completoThe durability of proton exchange membrane fuel cells is still not sufficient to be compatible with large-scale applications. The work of this PhD aims at determining the mechanical streses endured by the Nafion® membranes during the PEMFC operation. The elastoplastic properties of Nafion® have been measured in the PEMFC hygrothermal conditions, thanks to tensile tests. In the same conditions, the swelling has been investigated. A link between structure, water content, swelling and mechanical stresses has also highlighted. These properties have then been incorporated in a model built to describe the PEMFC mechanical behaviour. After an experimental validation, this model has been used to simulate hygrothermal loadings representative of the real-life PEMFC operation. A parametric study has given the possibility to advocate some technical advises in order to minimize the mechanical stresses within the membrane
Mabrouk, Walid. "Synthèse et caractérisation de nouvelles membranes protoniques : Applications en pile à combustible à membrane échangeuse de protons". Phd thesis, Conservatoire national des arts et metiers - CNAM, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00697008.
Testo completoBaneton, Joffrey. "Couches catalytiques et membrane échangeuse de protons pour piles à combustible :Synthèse par plasma atmosphérique et caractérisation". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/292147.
Testo completoDoctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Dumercy, Laurent. "Contribution à la caractérisation thermique et fluidique d'une pile à combustible à membrane échangeuse de protons (PEMFC)". Besançon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BESA2004.
Testo completoThe aim of this thesis is the thermal and fluidic model of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell. The management of the internal temperature of the fuel cell affect performance, in one hand directly on the electrochemical reaction, in the other hand by determination of their internal caracteristics (hydratation of the membrane, diffusion resistance in the porous area). The modelisation is made between two axis. At first, the thermal behavior is taken into account in the global form. The fuel cell is studed as a whole with a thermal resistance network et heat sources (heat supply by electrochemical reaction, exchanges with fluids). Dirichlet boundary conditions have been used to force surface temperatures. The meshing of the network is shrink for modelizing the central cell. Specific boundary conditions are applied at this cell for quantify intterference of neighboring cells. The studied cell can be used, in this case, on many situations : adiabatic, in serial or with a external flux. In addition, anode and cathode channel have been studied with a specific model, based on the compting by finites differences of a differential equations system. Taking into account the most important physical and thermophysical quantities (pressions, flow rates, water and heat exchange coefficients), it couple internal quantities off the channel et thermal state of the overall system. The studies of the pahse change of water in the channel, his transfert beetwen the anode and the cathode and his influence on the thermal balance are studed
Touhami, Salah. "Apparition, détection et propagation des défauts à l'anode des piles à combustible à membrane échangeuse de protons". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0151.
Testo completoDefects known to shorten the lifetime of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) can appear on different membrane electrode assembly (MEA) components and under different forms due to manufacturing processes or operational aging of the fuel cell. This work concerns the occurrence, detection, and propagation of defects in PEMFC MEA, and more specifically at the anode. To this end, an accelerated stress test (AST) combining potential and humidity cycles -induced by load variations-, and open-circuit hold is applied to standard MEA, and to MEA with initial defects. Those customized MEA were intentionally prepared with a lack of active layer at the anode, the defect being located either near the hydrogen inlet or near the hydrogen outlet. Periodic electrochemical characterizations were carried out using a segmented instrumented linear cell, allowing to monitor the cell performance through the currents, electrode potentials, and local impedance, as well as the evolution of the electrochemical active surface (ECSA) at the anode and cathode during the ageing test, with a spatial resolution along the channels. An electrochemical impedance spectroscopy study was conducted jointly, using equivalent electrical circuits, and focusing on the detection of the anodic contribution to the global impedance of the cell. Results showed an accelerated degradation of the MEA and the first evidence of defect propagation, in terms of loss of ECSA at the anode. This propagation occurred in the direction of the hydrogen flow. The ECSA at the cathode also appeared to be impacted, although apparently homogeneously. Significant membrane thinning was also observed in the defective segments, with probable propagation to adjacent segments, but over a longer time period
Seigneuret, Michel. "Etude structurale et fonctionnelle d'une proteine de transport actif de protons : la bacteriorhodopsine". Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066620.
Testo completoVigneron, Laurence. "Contribution à l'étude de la structure moléculaire de l'ATPase à protons de la membrane plasmique de Neurospora crassa". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212484.
Testo completoMerle, Agnès. "Etude de catalyseurs à base de platine pour électrodes de piles à combustible à membrane échangeuse de protons". Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO10125.
Testo completoParra, Restrepo Julian. "Caractérisation des hétérogénéités de fonctionnement et de dégradation au sein d’un électrolyseur à membrane échangeuse de protons (PEM)". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0044.
Testo completoProton Exchange Membrane (PEM) electrolysis is among the best solutions to store energy from intermittent power sources such as solar and wind. The green hydrogen produced by this technology can meet the needs of industries that already consume hydrogen or can be used for new applications such as fuel cell cars. To continue the deployment of PEM electrolyzers, it is necessary to increase their lifetime and the active surface area of cells. By doing this, operating heterogeneities related to the distribution of gas/water, current and temperature may appear. This work aims to characterize the aging mechanisms and the heterogeneities that have a negative impact on the performance of the electrolyzer. A segmented cell for measuring local current densities and local potentials was developed. Different titanium porous transport layers (PTLs) were characterized and their influence on the transport of electrical charges and gas/water has been analyzed, which allowed identifying problems related to the variation of PTL microstructure along the electrolyzer. Also, a model describing the contact resistance between the catalyst layer and the PTL was proposed. The membrane temperature between the inlet and the outlet of the cell was estimated with an innovative method based on the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. This method allowed characterizing the temperature differences with the water circulating in the channels as a function of current density. An accelerated stress protocol was developed and the influence of intermittent operation was studied. A critical potential threshold that accelerates aging was identified and performance recoveries linked to periodic drop of the cell potential were observed
Yakisir, Dinçer. "Development of gas diffusion layer for proton exchange membrane fuel cell, PEMFC". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/18765.
Testo completoBouatia, Eloumami Souhail. "Développement de matériaux électriquement conducteurs pour les plaques bipolaires de piles à combustibles à membrane échangeuse de protons, PEMFC". Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25545/25545.pdf.
Testo completoHerbert, Burgos Carole. "Caractérisation et utilisation de la membrane MORGANE ARA dans les procédés électromembranaires : Reconcentration de l'acide sulfurique". Montpellier 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON20138.
Testo completoM'Batna, Jean Paul. "Contribution à la modélisation tridimensionnelle du comportement termo fluidique d'une cellule de pile à combustible à membrane échangeuse de protons". Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00601707.
Testo completoLe, Ninivin Céline. "Elaboration et validation de dérivés polyparaphénylène substitués sulfonés comme électrolyte solide pour piles à combustible à membrane échangeuse de protons". Poitiers, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003POIT2318.
Testo completoThe synthesis and the valuation of sulfonated derivated polyparaphenylene (PPP) as solid electrolytes for proton exchange membrane fuel cells consist of the stake of this work. The approaches adopted concern the methods of introduction of the acid group and their influence on the properties of the ionic materials. The synthesis and characterization of three different side chains substitued PPP were realized. The study of the post sulfonation of two polymers and the grafting of another one with different fonctionnalized phenols allowed the preparation of ionic copolymers with variables properties. This grafting method is particularly original in the case of sulfonated perfluorinated phenol with thermally stable aromatic polymers. Many physico-chemical characterization (conductivity, permeability, mechanical properties and morphology) show interesting differences between post sulfonated materials and grafted materials. Some relationship between structures and properties are observed and discussed. The role of many fuel cell tests parameters like temperature, membrane thickness, copolymer acidity, was studied. The results point out that polyparaphenylene, and especially the perfluorinated grafted copolymer, are promising materials for PEMFC application. More than, the results of fuel cell tests are in good agreement with the physico-chemical characterization
M'batna, Jean-Paul. "Contribution à la modélisation tridimensionnelle du comportement termo fluidique d'une cellule de pile à combustible à membrane échangeuse de protons". Belfort-Montbéliard, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/60/17/07/PDF/M_BATNA_THESE_UTBM.pdf.
Testo completoThe fuel cell systems are integrated into a set of auxiliary constraints that are operating them. To consider a good performance, it is necessary to better control these aids in eliminating the maximum such constraints. Modeling is increasingly considered to provide an answer. Among these different types of models, there is that which is to treat the problem of water management, the main cause of flooding of sites reactive electrodes batteries. Such an approach can not be done without difficulty because it requires the coupling of several equations. By using a CFD code FLUENT, we deal in a real configuration of a type of model that can enable us to provide an answer to the problem of water status of the cell. This consists of determining some parameters of transfer at he heart of the battery as the cell temperature, relative humidity, partial pressures and the molar flow components
Henao, Nilson. "Stratégie pour le démarrage à froid d'une pile à combustible à membrane d'échange de protons dans un véhicule électrique hybride". Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2013. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/7298/1/030621772.pdf.
Testo completoKarst, Nicolas. "Gestion de l'eau dans les micropiles à combustible". Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPG0030.
Testo completoThe fuel cell, whose energy efficiency is potentially higher than that of the best Li-ion batteries currently proposed on the market, shows the possibility for considerable autonomies for wandering apparatuses. One of the main objectives to be reached for their marketing is the water management. This work aims at understanding and resolving this issue. We carried out studies on the influences of various environmental parameters (temperature, relative humidity,. . . ) as well structural factors (thickness of the cathodic collector, addition of a diffusion layer at cathode, packaging,. . . ) on water management. We propose solutions allowing management of both drying and flooding of micro fuel cells. One of the characteristics of the micro fuel cell studied here is that it is an air-breathing device using directly oxygen from air as combustive. It comes out from this study that these micro fuel cells are extremely sensitive to environmental conditions. In order to obtain optimal performances on a broad range of temperature and relative humidity, a completely passive water management will be insufficient. Thanks to the various results obtained during this work, a first prototype made up of nine micro fuel cells with an active water management is presented
Fouda-Onana, Frédéric. "Caractérisation de poudres de carbone possédant des nanostructures entrant dans la fabrication des piles à combustible à membrane échangeuse de protons /". Trois-Rivières : Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2004. http://www.uqtr.ca/biblio/notice/resume/18431018R.pdf.
Testo completoLabbe, Fabien. "Carbones revêtus de dioxyde d’étain comme supports cathodiques plus durables dans les piles à combustible à membrane échangeuse de protons (PEMFCs)". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEM006/document.
Testo completoThe proton exchange membrane fuel cell’s lifespan is insufficient because of the degradation of carbon used as cathodic catalyst supports. In order to reduce this degradation, a thin tin dioxide coating is synthesized on the surface of different carbonaceous materials (nanotubes, carbon blacks and aerogel). The aim is to combine the morphology and the electric conductivity of the carbon with the thermodynamic stability of the tin dioxide. Carbonaceous materials with different intrinsic properties are chosen for this study to test a wide range of textures and structures. Experimental studies were carried out in order to synthesize a thin, homogeneous and covering tin dioxide coating. The major influences of the texture and structure of carbonaceous materials but also the influence of the pH value on the quantity and quality of the coating are highlighted. It turns out that the mechanism of formation of tin dioxide depends on this pH value. Thanks to the improvement of the interactions between the carbon surface and the reactive species, it was possible, in some cases, to reduce drastically the quantity of precursor. Platinum nanoparticles deposition performed on various materials (raw or coated carbon aerogel) highlights a different platinum behavior. In fact, on the tin dioxide surface, nanoparticles tend to agglomerate together instead of making a homogeneous dispersion. Then, the initial performances and the durability of electrocatalysts tested with two accelerated stress tests (load protocol or start/stop protocol) are evaluated, spotlighting mitigate results
Antoine, Olivier. "Préparation et activité électrocatalytique des nano-particules de platine dans les électrodes de piles à combustible à membrane échangeuse de protons". Grenoble INPG, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPG0036.
Testo completoFouda-Onana, Frédéric. "Caractérisation de poudres de carbone possédant des nanostructures entrant dans la fabrication des piles à combustible à membrane échangeuse de protons". Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2004. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/1229/1/000120459.pdf.
Testo completoBlein, Jean-Pierre. "Étude de l'action de quelques carbanilates sur le plasmalemme de cellules d'érable". Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112020.
Testo completoA study has been carried out to characterize the biochemical properties of plasmalemma ATPase from Acer pseudoplatanus cells, and to report evidences for the presence of a trans-plasmamembrane electron transport system, the activity of which is associated with a concomitant external medium acidification. Among 51 carbanilates derived from the herbicide SWEP, we have found 10 specific inhibitors of plasmalemma ATPases. These chemicals are inactive on the mitochondrial ATPase, and the soluble phosphatase activities (the tonoplastic enzyme was not studied). On the other hand, 14 carbanilate derivatives from another herbicide (phenmedipham) appear as inhibitors of trans-membrane redox systems. These chemicals are toxic for in vitro cell cultures, and these cytotoxic properties are consistent with their biochemical mode of action. This toxicity is not expressed at the whole plant level, however. Moreover, we report evidences for a coupling between the redox systems and the ATPases associated with plasmalemma. In this way, ATPases could perform the transport of protons provided by the activity of the redox systems. This coupling, which results in a mutual regulation of the two systems, could be governed by the electrochemical proton gradient, or by a molecular site. According to these possibilities, the target of the two groups of carbanilates could be either the ATPases or the redox systems associated with the plasmalemma, or the site of coupling. These different possibilities, which are not mutually exclusive, are discussed, and a recapitulative scheme of the mechanism of action of the inhibitors is proposed
Sailler, Sébastien. "Générateurs électrochimiques et stockages ilôtés (G. E. S. I. )". Grenoble INPG, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPG0178.
Testo completoThe aim of this study was to design and study a hybrid system consisting in a fuel cell (proton exchange membrane fuel cell), a supercapacitor, and power electronic D-DC converters. The first part of this work deals with design specifications and on the conversion structure. Then, we interest on possible models of the fuel cell and the super capacitor. This was carry out in order to obtain a model of the complete system which is enough simple to use in power electronic simulation. Then, we have simulated the entire system in order to study system stability and performances. We try to validate hybrid system perfomance in regards with design specification. Finally we realize the hybrid system demonstrator and study his performances
BALDO, WILIANS R. "Desenvolvimento de um metodo de preparacao de conjuntos eletrodo - membrana - eletrodo para celulas a combustivel a membrana trocadora de protons (PEMFC)". reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2003. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11079.
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Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
Mezzi, Rania. "Contrôle tolérant au vieillissement dans des systèmes pile à combustible PEMFC". Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCD031.
Testo completoThe objective of this work is to realize an aging-tolerant control for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell system (PEMFC). In order to achieve this goal, supervision tools, including the monitoring of critical variables, the state of health evaluation and the prediction of the future state are studied and realized. The information collected are used to adapt the system control strategy. The priority of the monitoring system developed is to ensure the energy supply required by the user, while ensuring minimal degradation of the fuel cell. The work consists on determining optimal temperature values, cathode and anode stoichiometry coefficients, and fuel cell current to provide the power required by the load, while extending the lifetime of the PEMFC. The proposed strategy avoids reversible damage and slows the aging rate of the components, while maintaining the value of the voltage in an optimal and low degrading operating range. This voltage variation range was determined by studying the degradation mechanisms of PEMFC
Fortineau, Julien. "Caractérisation et contrôle ultrasonore in situ de membranes échangeuses de protons". Thesis, Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR4004/document.
Testo completoNo summary available
Athmouni, Nafaa. "Développement et caractérisation de nouveaux nanocomposites polymères électriquement conductueurs pour plaques bipolaires de piles à combustible à membrane échangeuse de protons, PEMFC". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26861.
Testo completoFaced to the declining of energy resources and the increase of energy pollution, many researches are focused on the production of clean and sustainable energy in order to reduce the use of fossil sources energy since they are the main source of greenhouse gases production. The Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) is a technology that is becoming increasingly important for clean and sustainable energy production. The PEMFC is an electrochemical device that operates according to the principle of inverse electrolysis of water. A PEMFC converts the chemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen (or air) into electrical power, heat and water, while releasing only water steam into the atmosphere. A PEMFC consists of a bended multilayer Electrode-Membrane-Electrode (EME), where the membrane is a solid polymer electrolyte separating the anode and the cathode. This set is built between two bipolar plates used for collecting the electrical current and distributing the gas (hydrogen or oxygen) through gas flow paths etched on each face of the bipolar plates. Most of the recent research focused on the improvement of PEMFC performances, their durability and the reduction of their production cost. A lot of work was done on the development and characterization of the different elements of PEMFCs, including the bipolar plates, considered as one of the most expensive and most massive parts. The design of the bipolar plates must consider several parameters. They should combine good mechanical strength, good chemical and thermal stability, sufficient electrical conductivity and good ability to remove heat generated in the heart of the cell. Metal bipolar plates are penalized by their corrosion resistance, which causes a reduction of the cell life. Those obtained from graphite are brittle and their manufacturing cost is high (mainly due to channels machining cost). Therefore, much research is focused on the development of new concepts of bipolar plates in order to replace metals and graphite by new polymer based composites. The latter appear to be more attractive because of their good processing ability that could help reducing the production cost of PEMFCs. However, much more research has to be done on the improvement of their electrical and mechanical properties, which is the main objective of the present thesis in which we propose: i) To develop by twin-screw extrusion process an optimized polymer nanocomposite material in which conductive solid additives are incorporated, including carbon nanotubes. ii) Fabricate a bipolar plate prototype from theses optimized nanocomposites by using the compression molding process under controlled cooling. In this project, two thermoplastic polymers have been used as the matrix: polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Three electrically conductive fillers were also used: carbon black, graphite and carbon nanotubes. Various combinations of these conductive additives were also studied in order to develop optimized nanocomposite formulations. Through-plane electrical conductivity of the developed nanocomposites as well as their mechanical properties have been carefully characterized. The obtained results showed that not only the combination of the conductive additives influences the nanocomposites through-plane conductivity and their mechanical properties, but also the distribution of these solid additives (which in turn depends on their nature, their size and their surface properties) helped to improve these properties. It has been observed that the surface treatment of the carbon nanotubes used in this study helped to increase both through-plane conductivity and mechanical strength of the developed bipolar plate prototypes. It was also observed that the crystallinity generated during bipolar plate cooling inside the compression mold as well as the crystallization rate play an important role in the optimization of the through-plane electrical conductivity and mechanical properties.
Klein, Mathieu. "Développement de méthodes RMN/IRM dédiées à l'étude des phénomènes de transport dans les piles à combustible à membrane échangeuse de protons". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0274/document.
Testo completoThis work focuses on the development of MRI/NMR methods dedicated to the characterization of water transport properties in a polymer membrane used in PEMFC. Radiofrequency coils are used to (1) study water self-diffusion coefficient in uniaxially stretched membranes and (2) spatially and temporally resolved measurements of the water distribution through the membrane. These measurements provide information about the influence of the polymer structure on water transport properties and also on real-time water distribution through the membrane in various humidity conditions. The water diffusion anisotropy is intimately linked to the structural order of the polymer. The steady-state and transient profiles of water content through the membrane indicate that mass transfer is limited by the interfacial resistances and mainly by the polymer relaxation during sorption
Li, Yongli. "Synthèse et propriétés de transport de membranes constituées d’alliages de polymères pour piles à combustible de type PEMFC". Caen, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CAEN2008.
Testo completoNew proton exchange membranes were prepared from blends of sulfonated Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and sulfonated Polyethersulfone cardo (PESc). The blended membranes are obtained by casting the collodion in a Petri dish, then the solvent was evaporated and finally they are treated in a solution of concentrated hydrochloric acid to get the acidic form of the proton exchange material. Seven membranes are prepared by blending the two pure polymers with different mass fraction. They are characterized by measuring the ion exchange capacity, the ionic conductivity, the water swelling, the water vapor sorption and permeation at 30 °C. The optimized membrane for the future application to PEMFC has the following wt% composition: 40 % SPEEK and 60 % SPESc. This membrane has an ion exchange capacity of 1. 32 meq/g of dry polymer, a conductivity of 0. 090 W-1. Cm-1 at 30 °C in a 0. 2 M HCl aqueous solution, a water swelling ratio of 35% at 30°C. A theoretical study, based on the generalized Nernst-Planck diffusion equation in the dusty gas model was developed to predict the properties of water vapour diffusion and the conductivity of all the blended membranes from the properties of the two pure polymers
Sellin, Rémy. "Dégradation de catalyseurs Pt-C sous des conditions mimant celles d'une PEMFC en fonctionnement". Poitiers, 2009. http://theses.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/theses/2009/Sellin-Remy/2009-Sellin-Remy-These.pdf.
Testo completoFuel cell Pt/C catalysts were prepared via different colloidal methods. TGA, TGAMS, TEM and XRD studies from 323 to 573 K were carried out under oxidative and reductive atmospheres to mimic fuel cell anode and cathode working conditions and to accelerate ageing process. Under air flow, little aggregation of platinum is observed, but no fusion and increase of Lv. This is explained by the presence of oxygen species on the platinum surface. Under reductive atmosphere (H2 3%/He), aggregation and increase of the mean crystallite size are observed. Two kinetics of grain growth process seem to exist. Moreover, the carbon support undergoes degradation by combustion under air and reforming under reductive atmosphere. The effect of thermal treatment under controlled atmospheres on the electrochemical active surface area and on the electrocatalytic activity towards oxygen reduction reaction and CO oxidation of the Pt/C catalyst were evaluated
Krosnicki, Guillaume. "Utilisation de fullerène comme support de catalyseur pour les piles à combustible de type PEMFC". Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA6224.
Testo completoThis work concerns the study of new fullerene-based catalysts for the cathode of fuel cell type PEMFC. The use of fullerene C60, known to be stable, as a catalyst support and the ability to bind the platinum on the fullerene can hope to improve the resistance to degradation of the active layer. As a first step, a set of type catalyst MnC60 based on platinum and / or palladium atoms bonded to C60, called metallofullerenes, were synthesized and characterized physically and chemically. In parallel, non-noble catalysts based on iron phthalocyanine deposited on fullerene have been synthesized. The performance of these catalysts were electrochemically tested on a rotating ring-disk electrode, half-cell and, for best catalysts in fuel-cell, and compared with those obtained with reference commercial catalysts on carbon black Pt/C and PtCo/C. It appears from the study that the performance of metallofullerenes depends on the stoichiometry n of MnC60 compounds and best of them exhibit performance similar or even superior to those obtained with the reference catalysts. Non-noble catalysts on fullerene can obtain performance similar to those obtained with non-noble catalysts on carbon black. In addition, an initial study of metallofullerenes aging shows these compounds have a carbon corrosion resistance similar to reference catalysts
Ferrandez, Anne-Claire. "Synthèse et caractérisation des nouvelles architectures catalytiques pour une application en pile à combustible du type PEMFC". Poitiers, 2011. http://nuxeo.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/1cb2c4a4-6d5f-47d5-b0a0-5d40f245abd4.
Testo completoThis thesis is within the scope of new catalytic layers development for proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) based on the transposition of the phenomenology of the three-phase boundary at the molecular scale. The fieldwork concerns the working out of hybrid organic/inorganic catalyst by grafting proton conducting polymers (PSS). Both methods have been developed to introduce the polymer on the platinum nanoparticles. The first method consists of using the "grafting from" technique and controlled radical polymerization (Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization). The second grafting method used is the "grafting onto" technique. It consists first in synthesizing the polymer and second in grafting by reaction of the functions of the latter with platinum nanoparticles. Modifications of synthesis parameters allowed constituting a collection of objects showing a wide range of grafting density. Electrochemical characterizations have brought numerous information on the structure, activity and selectivity of hybrid catalytic complex
Sutor, Anna. "Étude des relations entre les performances électrochimiques des membranes ionomères pour piles à combustible et leur état d'hydratation : apport des spectroscopies vibrationnelles in situ". Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENCM0012.
Testo completoThe water content of polymer electrolytes for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells and, thus, their proton conductivity, is the key issue to understand and to explain the electrochemical performances of the PEMFC electrochemical device. The fuel cell operation (creation, absorption, diffusion, migration and desorption of water) leads the hydration state of the membrane strongly heterogeneous. The proton conductivity of state-of-art polymer electrolytes results from the material structure, the water and proton diffusion mechanisms and the interactions between water and the polymer phase within the membrane. This work deals with these issues and uses vibrational spectroscopy techniques (Infra-Red and Raman) to study hydration and diffusion phenomena. Among others, this work shows the contribution of in-situ vibrational spectroscopies to the understanding of the water management issue and relationships between the water distribution throughout the membrane and the fuel cell electrochemical performances. Two perfluorosulfonated polymers, Nafion and Aquivion, are investigated.The water absorption and diffusion properties of these two membranes are studied under several hydration conditions: at the equilibrium, under external gradient of the water chemical activity and under the effect of an electric gradient (in-situ and operando measurements with the working fuel cell).Infrared spectroscopy is used to study structural modifications of the polymer phase occurring during the hydration process as well as the confinement state of water sorbed within the membrane. The last is submitted to different water vapor pressures and temperatures. This spectroscopy also allows to study interactions between water and the different chemical groups belonging to the polymer structure. Results are used to describe water absorption as well as the proton dissociation mechanism involving the sulfonic groups.Confocal Raman Micro-spectroscopy allows, by the spatial resolution at the micrometric scale, to probe the thickness of the membrane and to measure the inner, through-plane, water gradient. A micro-fluidic cell has been developed for the study of diffusion transport phenomena. This method is currently the only one by which equivalent diffusion coefficients can be calculated from internal water concentration gradients.A fuel cell especially designed for Raman measurements allowed us, for the first time by means of this technique, to determine the water distribution through the thickness of the membrane working in the electrochemical device. The new insights so obtained are essential for understanding, explaining and predicting the effects of the heterogeneous water distribution throughout the fuel cell heart on the electrochemical behavior
Campagne, Benjamin. "Nouveaux copolymères fluorés porteurs de fonctions azole (imidazole, benzimidazole ou triazole) pour membranes pour piles à combustible (PEMFC) fonctionnant en conditions quasi-anhydres". Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENCM0006.
Testo completoThis work concerns the syntheses and characterizations of new proton exchange polymer membranes containing N-heterocyclic compounds for PEMFC working under low relative humidity (HR < 25 %) and temperatures up to 200 °C for automotive applications. Three new partially fluorinated copolymers bearing different azole compounds (imidazole, benzimidazole or 1H-1,2,4-triazole) as pendant groups have been synthesized and characterized. Then, they have been used to synthesize blend polymer membranes with s-PEEK (20 µm < thickness < 100 µm) that showed thermal stabilities up to 210 °C. These new families of membranes have been compared and highest proton conductivity values have been observed for 1H-1,2,4-triazole containing membranes (σ = 7,0 mS.cm-1, 140 °C, HR < 25 %). Mechanical properties and oxidative stability of these membranes have been assessed and showed similar values than main commercially available membranes. To improve membranes structuration, pseudo semi-interpenetrating polymer networks have been synthesized. Thus, original cross-linkable terpolymers bearing 1H-1,2,4-triazole and cyclocabonate functions as pendant groups have been synthesized and blended with s-PEEK as linear polymer to synthesize new polymers membranes (20 µm < thickness < 60 µm). Cross-linking has been carried from the cyclocarbonate/diamine reaction to get pseudo semi-interpenetrated polymer networks. Finally, both pseudo semi-interpenetrated polymer networks and uncross-linked membranes were doped by immersion in phosphoric acid solution to increase proton conductivity of these materials. Single cell fuel cell tests have been carried out and showed good performances. High temperatures (140 – 180 °C) proton conductivity values of these doped membranes have been estimated from extrapolation curves and reached up to 210 and 250 mS.cm-1, at 180 and 200 °C, HR < 25 %, respectively (extrapolated values). Proton conductivity values should be assessed at these targeted temperatures (140 to 200 °C)
Woo, Sahng Hyuck. "Membranes composites acide perfluorosulfonique (PFSA)/argile pour un fonctionnement à faible humidité relative et haute température des piles à combustible à membrane échangeuse de protons (PEMFC)". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEM033.
Testo completoThis thesis introduces novel electrolyte membranes which can be operated at low relative humidity (below 50%) and intermediate temperature, i.e., 90℃. More specifically, the thesis takes benefit from hygroscopicity of microfibrous SEP (sepiolite) and tubular HNT (halloysite). Changes in Nafion membrane properties with blending time were studied. Moreover, these nanoclays are functionalized and pretreated to make them proton conductive and to improve their compatibility with short-side-chain PFSA (perfluorosulfonic acid) composite membranes based on Aquivion. To begin with, functionalized and pretreated clay nanoparticles are characterized prior to incorporation in polymer matrix: ATR-FTIR (attenuated total reflection-fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), Py-GC/MS (pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry), and TGA (thermogravimetric analysis). Composites membranes have them been prepared and characterized for proton conductivity, water uptake, swelling, thermo-mechanical strength and chemical stability. The dispersion state of SEP and HNT inside polymer phase was observed using SEM/EDS (field emission scanning electron microscopy/Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy). The properties of pretreated nanoclays are characterized using XRD (X-ray diffraction) and EDS. Chemical stability regarding radical attack against composite membranes is clarified using Ion meter through fluoride ion (F-) analysis. Proton conductivity of composite membranes is also measured under condition of different relative humidity and temperature. Following this, it is demonstrated by DMA (dynamic mechanical analysis) results that the particular elongated morphology of SEPs and HNTs participates to improving mechanical property of the composite membranes with decreased swelling ratio. MEAs (membrane electrode assembly) performance are evaluated to understand the advantage of the presence of nanoclays in the composite membranes regarding the relative humidity of the feeding gas, the operating temperature of the cell, and the hydrogen crossover. Detailed abstracts including main results were provided at the beginning of each chapter
Olivier, Pierre. "Modélisation et analyse du comportement dynamique d'un système d'électrolyse PEM soumis à des sollicitations intermittentes : Approche Bond Graph". Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10212/document.
Testo completoPEM Electrolysis is a technology which to enable to face two major challenges : (i) Fulfill the need of energy storage caused by the integration of intermittent energy sources on electricity networks; (ii) Cope with the growing need of carbon free hydrogen caused by the future market applications of hydrogen energy. These particular needs, regarding electrolysis technology development, involve an intermittent operating mode which impacts on the dynamic behavior of the system remain unknown. Modelling is a critical tool to understand these issues and provide a thorough analysis. State of the art of existing modelling works highlighted that only a few models take into account the dynamic of the whole system including Balance of Plant. Therefore a new dynamic and multiphysic model was developed under Bond Graph formalism. This graphical modelling formalism was selected especially thanks to its ability to represent any kind of power exchange in a unified way. The model enables to represent the whole system including balance of plant and associated control laws. It is validated on the dynamic behavior of an experimental device available in CEA. The model is then used in order to identify and understand the issues related to intermittent operation of a PEM electrolysis system. These issues are related to system efficiency, flexibility, reliability, safety and durability. Regarding these issues, some design changes are simulated and assessed. Finally, the Bond Graph model and its structural properties enable to perform diagnosis and monitorability analyses of a PEM electrolysis system
Passot, Sylvain. "Etude expérimentale et par modélisation de l'impact d'impuretés de l'hydrogène sur le fonctionnement des piles à combustible à membrane échangeuse de protons (PEMFC)". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00813426.
Testo completoSadli, Idris. "Modélisation par impédance d'une pile à combustible PEM pour utilisation en électronique de puissance". Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006INPL091N/document.
Testo completoThis thesis deals with dynamic modelling of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) with a view to integrate it into power electronics environment. Firstly a static model based on an expression that links current and voltage is presented. The dynamic model is then obtained. It is shown that the electrochemical diffusion-convection impedance (Zd) is similar to a RC transmission line. A discretization on a short number of elements is carried out. In order to obtain a simple model, two different RC branches for Zd impedance, a double layer capacitor, a transfer resistance, and a membrane resistance are considered. This modelling is validated on two 500 W and 5 kW PEMFC, for frequencies varying from 5 mHz to 2 kHz. The model is validated for both fuel cells during current step responses and operation with a boost converter. In this case it is shown how the high frequency switching of the converter can be used to obtain a diagnostic on the humidification state of the membrane
BONIFACIO, RAFAEL N. "Desenvolvimento de processo de produção de conjuntos eletrodo-membrana-eletrodo para células a combustível baseadas no uso de membrana polimérica condutora de protons (PEMFC) por impressão a tela". reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2010. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9520.
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Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP