Bibliografie tematiche / Meeting of the States Parties to the Convention on the Prohibition of the Use

Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Meeting of the States Parties to the Convention on the Prohibition of the Use"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 26 luglio 2024

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Meeting of the States Parties to the Convention on the Prohibition of the Use"

Committee, ProCEID Steering. "ProCEID—Program for Controlling Emerging Infectious Diseases: Mission Statement". Politics and the Life Sciences 14, n. 1 (febbraio 1995): 89–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0730938400011825.

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1. Article X of the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on Their Destruction (BWC) requests States Parties to facilitate and to participate “in the fullest possible exchange of equipment, materials and…information for the use of bacteriological (biological) agents and toxins for peaceful purposes.” Article X, in addition, stipulates that the Convention “shall be implemented in a manner designed to avoid hampering the economic or technological development of the states parties…or international cooperation in the field of peaceful bacteriological (biological) activities” (United Nations, 1972).

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Sossai, Mirko. "Identifying the Perpetrators of Chemical Attacks in Syria". Journal of International Criminal Justice 17, n. 2 (1 maggio 2019): 211–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jicj/mqz013.

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Abstract In June 2018, the Conference of States Parties of the 1993 Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on their Destruction (Chemical Weapons Convention) decided to create an Investigation and Identification Team. This is a new mechanism within the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) Technical Secretariat ‘to identify the perpetrators of the use of chemical weapons in the Syrian Arab Republic’. This article analyses the background and main features of this decision and draws some preliminary conclusions on the role of the Investigation and Identification Team and its potential impact for the investigation and prosecution of crimes linked to the use of chemical weapons in Syria. Thus, after describing the events surrounding various fact-finding missions in Syria under the auspices of the OPCW and the United Nations, it considers the legal basis to interpret the Chemical Weapons Convention as enabling the OPCW to put in place arrangements to identify the perpetrators of the use of chemical weapons in Syria and elsewhere.

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Orakhelashvili, Alexander. "The Attribution Decision Adopted by the opcw’s Conference of States Parties and Its Legality". International Organizations Law Review 17, n. 3 (9 dicembre 2020): 664–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15723747-2019015.

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This contribution examines the legal merit of the Decision Addressing the Treat from Chemical Weapons, adopted by the 89th Session of the General Conference of the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (‘opcw’) on 27 July 2018. While relating to matters of high political importance, this Decision still raises important issues of the constitutionality of international organizations’ use of their delegated powers. This contribution pursues the detail of this matter, by focusing, among others, on the scope of the opcw’s authority under the Chemical Weapons Convention and the relationship between the opcw and the United Nations.

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Oxman, Bernard H., e Gregory Shaffer. "International trade—WTO—quantitative restrictions—environmental protection—endangered species—U.S. import ban on shrimp". American Journal of International Law 93, n. 2 (aprile 1999): 507–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2998005.

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United States—Import Prohibition of Certain Shrimp and Shrimp Products.World Trade Organization, Appellate Body, October 12, 1998.In May 1996, the United States effectively prohibited imports of shrimp and shrimp products from all countries that do not require commercial shrimp trawlers to use turtle-excluder devices (TEDs) to permit endangered species of sea turtles to escape from trawling nets to avoid drowning. In January 1997, India, Malaysia, Pakistan and Thailand requested that the WTO Dispute Settlement Body establish a panel to determine whether this import ban, among other things, violates the prohibition on quantitative restrictions in Article XI of GATT (1994). The United States maintained that its import ban was permitted under the exceptions set forth in paragraphs (b) and (g) of GATT Article XX. Four turtle species that migrate in and out of waters subject to the complaining parties’ jurisdiction are listed as endangered under the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora and are covered by the relevant U.S. regulation.

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Pytlak, Allison. "Are Arms Trade Treaty Meetings Being Used to Their Full Potential?" Global Responsibility to Protect 12, n. 2 (8 maggio 2020): 156–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1875984x-01202003.

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When adopted in 2013 the international Arms Trade Treaty (att) was widely heralded for its life-saving potential and for bringing human rights and humanitarian concerns squarely into international arms transfers decision-making processes. This article takes a critical look at the att meeting cycle, which comprises an annual conference of states parties (csp), as well as preparatory sessions and meetings of the Treaty’s working groups. The article is guided by the question, are att meetings being used to their full potential to meet the Treaty’s objectives and prevent atrocities? It studies two aspects of the att meeting cycles—working groups and annual csp thematic areas of focus — to demonstrate the nature of the substantive outcomes that are emerging from conferences. The article identifies that the inability of states parties to use the meetings to address matters of compliance with the att’s prohibition and risk assessment requirements constitutes a major shortcoming, and offers suggestions and alternatives for states parties and other stakeholders.

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Fateenkov, V. N. "The Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on their Destruction: History of Signing and Key Points". Journal of NBC Protection Corps 4, n. 2 (19 giugno 2020): 104–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.35825/2587-5728-2020-4-1-104-115.

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The Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on their Destruction (the Chemical Weapons Convention or CWC) was approved by the U.N. General Assembly on 30 November 1992. The treaty entered into force on 29 April 1997. The aim of this work was to study the history of signing of the CWC and its key points. First attempts to develop an international agreement restricting the use of poisons and various toxic substances in hostilities have been made in the 17th century, when the 1675 Strasbourg Agreement between France and the Holy Roman Empire banned the use of poisoned bullets. During the First and Second Peace Conferences in The Hague (1899 and 1907), its participants pledged to refrain from employing «poison or poisoned arms» and from employing «arms, projectiles, or material of a nature to cause superfluous injury». The First World War showed that this ban turned out to be ineffective, and chemical weapons appeared on the battlefield. After the war, the «Protocol for the Prohibition of the Use in War of Asphyxiating, Poisonous or Other Gases, and of Bacteriological Methods of Warfare», known as the Geneva Protocol of 1925, was developed. But this document did not ban the elaboration and the production of chemical weapons. The High Contracting Parties agreed not to use «asphyxiating, poisonous or other gases, and of all analogous liquids, materials or devices» against those States only, that acceded to the Protocol. Moreover, many States-Parties reserved their right to use chemical weapons in response to a first use by an enemy. The Iran-Iraq War (1980–1988) showed the ineffectiveness of the Geneva Protocol of 1925. Iraq’s massive use of chemical weapons against Iranian troops has accelerated the process of developing an international document – the CWC, the world`s first multilateral disarmament agreement, which provided for the verifiable elimination, within the prescribed time limit, of an entire class of weapons of mass destruction – chemical weapons. Nowadays 192 states have become parties to the CWC. The Russian Federation fully complied with the obligations undertaken by the CWC, the last Russian chemical munition was destroyed in September 2017.

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Ilina, O. V. "USE OF THE EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS PRACTICE AS A MECHANISM FOR PROTECTION OF THE RIGHTS OF CONVICTS". Actual problems of native jurisprudence, n. 05 (5 dicembre 2019): 145–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/391975.

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The research paper discusses the use of the practice of the European Court of Human Rights as a mechanism for ensuring the rights of convicts. Today, the practice of the ECHR has become increasingly important not only in the fight against crime, but also in the protection of the rights and freedoms of convicts. This is evidenced by the adoption in 2014 of the Law of Ukraine “On Amendments to the Criminal Executive Code of Ukraine on the Adaptation of the Legal Status of a Convict to European Standards”, which is aimed at eliminating the shortcomings of the Criminal Executive Code of Ukraine in respect of compliance with constitutional requirements and European standards regarding the regime of serving the sentences by convicts and so on. Adoption of the said law entailed the implementation of various directions of ensuring the rights of convicts, which became the subject of this study. As part of the research, Article 1 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms is analyzed, which states that States – Parties to the Convention undertake to ensure that everyone under their jurisdiction has the rights and freedoms set forth in the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. In view of the above, we believe that ensuring of rights and freedoms should also apply to convicts. Today, the practice of the ECHR is actively used in national law enforcement practice in the aspect of ensuring the rights of convicts. Such a statement is based on the own analysis of relevant judgments. The study leads to the conclusion that there are different ways of ensuring the rights of convicts, in particular, ensuring the right to a fair trial, the prevention of torture, inhuman or degrading treatment, etc. These directions of activity constitute a mechanism for ensuring the rights of convicts. In addition, we can say with certainty that convicts must be guaranteed all the rights enshrined in the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, which is possible taking into account the stay of persons in penitentiary institutions, in particular the right to life, prohibition of slavery and forced labour; freedom of thought, conscience and religion; freedom of expression; the right to an effective remedy; prohibition of discrimination, etc.

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Forman, Jonathan E., Christopher M. Timperley, Pål Aas, Mohammad Abdollahi, Isel Pascual Alonso, Augustin Baulig, Renate Becker-Arnold et al. "Innovative technologies for chemical security". Pure and Applied Chemistry 90, n. 10 (25 ottobre 2018): 1527–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0908.

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AbstractAdvances across the chemical and biological (life) sciences are increasingly enabled by ideas and tools from sectors outside these disciplines, with information and communication technologies playing a key role across 21st century scientific development. In the face of rapid technological change, the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW), the implementing body of the Chemical Weapons Convention (“the Convention”), seeks technological opportunities to strengthen capabilities in the field of chemical disarmament. The OPCW Scientific Advisory Board (SAB) in its review of developments in science and technology examined the potential uses of emerging technologies for the implementation of the Convention at a workshop entitled “Innovative Technologies for Chemical Security”, held from 3 to 5 July 2017, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The event, organized in cooperation with the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC), the National Academies of Science, Engineering and Medicine of the United States of America, the Brazilian Academy of Sciences, and the Brazilian Chemical Society, was attended by 45 scientists and engineers from 22 countries. Their insights into the use of innovative technological tools and how they might benefit chemical disarmament and non-proliferation informed the SAB’s report on developments in science and technology for the Fourth Review Conference of the Convention (to be held in November 2018), and are described herein, as are recommendations that the SAB submitted to the OPCW Director-General and the States Parties of the Convention. It is concluded that technologies exist or are under development that could be used for investigations, contingency, assistance and protection, reducing risks to inspectors, and enhancing sampling and analysis.

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Timperley, Christopher M., Jonathan E. Forman, Mohammad Abdollahi, Abdullah Saeed Al-Amri, Isel Pascual Alonso, Augustin Baulig, Veronica Borrett et al. "Advice from the Scientific Advisory Board of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons on isotopically labelled chemicals and stereoisomers in relation to the Chemical Weapons Convention". Pure and Applied Chemistry 90, n. 10 (25 ottobre 2018): 1647–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0803.

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AbstractThe Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) is an international disarmament treaty that prohibits the development, stockpiling and use of chemical weapons. This treaty has 193 States Parties (nations for which the treaty is binding) and entered into force in 1997. The CWC contains schedules of chemicals that have been associated with chemical warfare programmes. These scheduled chemicals must be declared by the States that possess them and are subject to verification by the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW, the implementing body of the CWC). Isotopically labelled and stereoisomeric variants of the scheduled chemicals have presented ambiguities for interpretation of the requirements of treaty implementation, and advice was sought from the OPCW’s Scientific Advisory Board (SAB) in 2016. The SAB recommended that isotopically labelled compounds or stereoisomers related to the parent compound specified in a schedule should be interpreted as belonging to the same schedule. This advice should benefit scientists and diplomats from the CWC’s State Parties to help ensure a consistent approach to their declarations of scheduled chemicals (which in turn supports both the correctness and completeness of declarations under the CWC). Herein, isotopically labelled and stereoisomeric variants of CWC-scheduled chemicals are reviewed, and the impact of the SAB advice in influencing a change to national licensing in one of the State Parties is discussed. This outcome, an update to national licensing governing compliance to an international treaty, serves as an example of the effectiveness of science diplomacy within an international disarmament treaty.

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Costov, Ana, e Jessica Appelmann. "Exploitation of Antarctic Iced Freshwater: A Call To Unfreeze Legal Discourse". Groningen Journal of International Law 9, n. 1 (28 settembre 2021): 60–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.21827/grojil.9.1.60-77.

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While discussed within the Antarctic Treaty System during the 1970s-1980s, the idea of iceberg harvesting was laid on ice due to the lack of adequate technologies and scientific knowledge on the potential environmental implications. However, the State Parties to the ATS envisioned the possibility of reopening the legal discourse. For that purpose, iced freshwater resources exploitation was excluded from the scope of the Madrid Protocol containing a ban on all mineral mining activities within the scope ratione loci of the ATS. However, during the negotiations, it was agreed that if the prospect of iceberg harvesting was ever to be realised, the environmental protection provisions under the Madrid Protocol should apply. The present paper provides an analysis of whether the potential exploitation of iced freshwater resources proves realistic within the existing legal framework under the Antarctic Treaty System and the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and discusses which rules States would need to adhere to when engaging in such activities. It arrives at the conclusion that, as to now, there is no prohibition of iceberg harvesting for freshwater use under international law. Nevertheless, both within the scope of the ATS and in the high seas, environmental regulations restrict the implementation of the activity and, therefore, require comprehensive environmental impact assessments to be conducted before the commencement of the activity. Furthermore, as ownership allocation of icebergs is not regulated under the relevant treaties, the present paper examines two legal regimes that may potentially govern iceberg acquisition in the high seas, namely, res nullius and res communis. Finally, as private efforts have become more far-reaching in the recent decades, an overview of the current state of practice is presented, highlighting the observed advantages and potential drawbacks. Conclusively, the present paper advocates for the reopening of the legal discourse on the subject matter before the commencement of exploitation activities so as to ensure that the fragile Antarctic environment is protected and preserved for the benefit of all humankind in accordance with the object and purpose of the ATS.

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Libri sul tema "Meeting of the States Parties to the Convention on the Prohibition of the Use"

Hans, Corell. 16 The United Nations: A Practitioner’s Perspective. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198715481.003.0016.

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This chapter discusses the contributions of the United Nations to the development of the law of the sea during the period following the adoption of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOSC) in 1982. It covers preparing for the entry into force of the LOSC; informal consultations relating to the implementation of Part XI of the LOSC; establishing the Convention institutions after the entry into force of the LOSC; the Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea (DOALOS); United Nations conferences on the human environment; the role of the General Assembly; the Meeting of States Parties to the LOSC; sustainable fisheries and straddling fish stocks and highly migratory fish stocks; the Oceans and Coastal Areas Network (UN-Oceans); the United Nations open-ended informal consultative process on oceans and the law of the sea; the so-called Regular Process; the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction; and piracy on the agenda of the Security Council.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Meeting of the States Parties to the Convention on the Prohibition of the Use"

"The zagreb declaration sixth meeting of states parties to the convention on the prohibition of the use, stockpiling, production and transfer of anti-personnel mines and on their destruction". In United Nations Disarmament Yearbook 2005, 336–37. UN, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/a53b043c-en.

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"Declaration of the fifth meeting of the states parties to the convention on the prohibition of the use, stockpiling, production and transfer of anti-personnel mines and on their destruction." In United Nations Disarmament Yearbook 2003, 363–67. UN, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/6c2e4c33-en.

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"Declaration of the fourth meeting of the states parties to the mine ban convention on the prohibition of the use, stockpiling, production and transfer of anti-personnel mines and on their destruction". In United Nations Disarmament Yearbook 2002, 335–37. UN, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/26b5986d-en.

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"Report of the meeting of the states parties to the convention on prohibitions or restrictions on the use of certain conventional weapons which may be deemed to be excessively injurious or to have indiscriminate effects". In United Nations Disarmament Yearbook 2002, 338–43. UN, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/e37dd7c7-en.

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Kerstin, Buchinger. "Temporary Opting-Out Declaration". In The United Nations Convention Against Torture and its Optional Protocol. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198846178.003.0060.

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This chapter discusses Article 24 of the Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, covering the chronology of draft texts, analysis of Working Group discussions, and issues of interpretation. Article 24 of the Optional Protocol provides States parties with the opportunity to make a declaration to the effect that the competences of the Subcommittee on Prevention of Torture or of the respective national preventive mechanism will be postponed for a maximum of three years. If need be, this period may be extended for another two years. This particular ‘opting-out declaration’ was introduced by the Chairperson-Rapporteur in 2002 as a compromise for those States, including the United States and Saudi Arabia, which opposed the general prohibition of reservations to the Protocol. As of November 2017, only seven States parties to the Optional Protocol have made use of the possibility to postpone the implementation of their obligations under the Protocol.

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"Report of meeting of the states parties to the convention on the prohibition of the development, production and stockpiling of bacteriological (biological) and toxin weapons and on their destruction". In United Nations Disarmament Yearbook, 328–33. UN, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/4744e6a7-en.

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