Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Medico-social coordination"

Annotation. A comprehensive assessment of the morpho-functional state of the human organism is impossible without taking into account the features of its functional component, first of all, indicators that provide information about the level of development of psychophysiological functions of the organism and the degree of formation of personality traits. The research, during which 64 students (33 young women and 31 young men) were under supervision during their studies at the 1st year of the medical faculty, was conducted using medico-social, psychophysiological and psychodiagnostic methods. The analysis of the obtained data involved the application of descriptive statistics procedures using statistical analysis programs “Statistica 6.1” (license № ВXXR901E245722FA). The results obtained during the hygienic assessment of the peculiarities of the development of the psychophysiological functions of the organism of young women and young men who are at the initial stage of education in a medical institution of higher education testify to fairly stable changes in their nature, which mainly consist in a slight improvement in the values of criterion indicators of the functional state of the higher nervous system activity, visual sensory system and somatosensory analyzers. At the same time, a number of unfavorable trends attract attention, which are characterized by the appearance of negative shifts in the indicators of the mobility of nervous processes among young women and young men, the degree of involvement in activities and coordination of movements among young women, as well as the level of work efficiency among young women and young men, which determine the presence of pronounced tension of the adaptation mechanisms of the students, which ensure the optimal course of psychophysiological adaptation processes. Among the most characteristic changes in terms of the leading indicators of temperament and character properties of student youth should be included an increase in the level of extroversion both among young women and young men over the course of their studies, a significantly lower level of neuroticism observed throughout the entire period of observation among young men, a certain increase indicators of situational anxiety and, at the same time, a certain decrease in indicators of personal anxiety in both sex groups, a moderate advantage in the structure of the characterological properties of students in indicators on the scales of hypomania (Ma), psychasthenia (Pt), schizoidness (Se) and paranoia (Ra). The results obtained during the study of the features of the level of subjective control and mental states testify to the emergence of rather unfavorable trends from the prognostic point of view, consist in a gradual decrease in the dynamics of learning in the number of persons with internal manifestations in the motivational structure of the personality, and allow us to assert the presence in the student population of personal manifestations of maladaptive content.

Introduction: The Tsunami hit Indian coastal line between 8.30 and 9.30 AM Indian Standard Time (IST) on the December 26, 2004. A lot of damage to life and property—both movable and immovable— occurred to approximately 3-4 km of land adjacent to the coastal line. It mainly took away lives, shelter, fishing boats, and fishing nets of the fishermen folk. Relief in terms of money, manpower, food, water, clothing, medicines, and all other resources poured in plenty. However, any amount of relief or compensation could not match the amount of damage that had occurred. A team of 11 volunteers (two Public Health Specialists, seven Medical Interns, and two Medico Social Workers) led by the author went through ActionAid International and Community Health Cell (CHC), Bangalore, for relief work in Nagapattinam District of Tamil Nadu, which is one of the worst affected districts in India.Objectives: To conduct a rapid assessment of the amount of damage at village level to lives, social and economic losses, and damage to community resources in 15 villages of Sirkali taluk of Nagapattinam district in Tamil Nadu with an ultimate goal to provide long-term services in that community. To assess the relief needed and relief that was actually provided in these 15 villages through Government and various Non Governmental Organizations (NGOs).Methods: A 1-day (December 27, 2004) training and orientation on rapid disaster assessment, the tool to be used for the village level disaster assessment and handling relief operations in a Tsunami affected situation was given by the Country Coordinator for Disaster Management, ActionAid India, at CHC, Bangalore. Then, a 1-day (December 28, 2004) Planning and Review meeting was conducted at ActionAid Office, Chennai, to draw up an action plan for the areas to be covered and the steps to be followed during the assessment. The Survey Team was then divided into two groups of five members and six members each and set out to the villages selected for the actual data collection. The 15 villages that were part of the survey were selected by the ActionAid Chennai Office, based on the severity of destruction caused in those areas, and also since, they were the villages that ActionAid had longterm plans of adoption. A standard pretested semistructured questionnaire was provided by ActionAid and the data was collected by using participatory methods: (i) observations, (ii) key informant interviews (KIIs), and (iii) focus group discussions (FGDs). (KIIs were conducted with the Village Panchayat leaders, informal leaders, and the local residents. FGDs were conducted with the local residents. The information obtained through these participatory methods was validated against the records that were available with the local government.)Results and Discussion: An analysis of the data from the rapid assessment done in these 15 villages of Sirkali taluk are presented and discussed in this article. A discussion about some of the best practices, major pitfalls in handling certain issues, challenges faced during data collection in these disaster situations, the preparedness for this kind of a situation in India, and developing systems for warning and reporting of this kind of a disaster are also discussed.Conclusions: A disaster of this magnitude in a developing country like India clearly shows the need and commitment for Disaster Preparedness and Management. There is an urgent need to develop systems at the local, state, regional, and national levels and also ensure implementation. By doing so, although we cannot totally avoid natural disasters, we could probably be more prepared to face it and also minimize loss to lives and property to the least possible extent. Agencies involved in disaster management need to realize the ground realities of the effected area for planning a mitigation operation since each situation would be unique.

Introduction and aimsThe organization of healthcare pathways for neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) relies on different levels of expertise depending on the complexity of these disorders. NDDs affect between 8% and 15% of children. Historically, national recommendations and healthcare planning measures were initially devoted to autism spectrum disorders and were gradually extended to Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and specific learning and development disorders. Private doctors play an increasing role in these pathways at different levels of care due to difficulties in organization, particularly in the health and social sector. The aim of this work was to evaluate the contribution of second-line private doctors in the diagnosis and care of children affected by NDD.MethodsA first series of surveys in 2016 evaluated the level of commitment of primary care pediatricians; this online national survey was repeated in 2023 among 1,430 members of the French Association of Ambulatory Pediatrics (Association Française de Pédiatrie Ambulatoire: AFPA) to assess their training, current and future involvement, and activity in NDD care. Analysis was performed by the main author using Epi-Info software.ResultsThe study identified in 2023 214 second-line private doctors (14% of all pediatricians in activity), of which 185 agreed to appear in a directory published the same year by the AFPA to facilitate referrals from other professionals. Sex ratio of responders is usual for paediatricians: 79.5%/20.5% (F/M), with a distribution among ages showing a slight increase of the age range between age 51–60 (30.5%). Our data indicate that in France in 2022, second-line private doctors made 48%–53% of NDD diagnoses, 24%–26.4% of follow-up consultations and declare to be accountable for 21% of initial prescriptions for Methylphenidate. Among these second-line doctors, 40% had completed a post-university degree on NDD, 74.3% had completed professional development training (PDT) and 85.2% had completed either or both types of training. Most doctors participating in the survey wanted to improve their level of practice, suggesting that in five years, the number of second-line private doctors will increase by 20% to 244 despite 24 planned retirements within the same period. This data probably underestimates the role of private doctors in NDD diagnosis, follow-up, and initial Methylphenidate prescriptions given the unfavourable working conditions (no financial compensation for long appointments, difficulty accessing paramedical and psychological assessments).ConclusionsOur data confirms that diagnosis and care coordination in the various presentations of NDD may rely on different types of practices and specializations: medical and social professionals, mental health professionals, but also a growing body of medical doctors involved in developmental and behavioural pediatrics. This data and reflection will be helpful for organizing healthcare in France or in other countries. Main study limitation relies in the self-declaration of MD's involvement in NDD and could not evaluate the activity of employed MD's from the social and medico social sector, nor be based on the national databases for prescription. It remains however the first attempt of characterization of medical activity at the national level in France for NDD.

Background: Sexual assault poses a serious health problem to both the survivor and the health system. Experiencing sexual assault requires women to seek medical and psychological assistance as part of their journey towards recovery. This study examined the experiences of women who received post-sexual assault services from a specialised care centre within a provincial hospital.Methods: A qualitative, exploratory and contextual design was used to explore and describe experiences of women. Data were obtained through individual in-depth interviews from a total of 18 women aged between 18 and 55 years. Interviews were supplemented by the researcher’s field notes and audiotape recordings.Results: Findings yielded two main themes: Women expressed their lived experiences of sexual assault characterised by different forms of trauma. The second theme was an expression of a need for safety and support.Conclusion: Women who experience sexual assault are left with devastating effects such as physical and psychological harm and social victimisation. There is also a need for safety and support towards the recovery of these women. This study recommends that professional practitioners involved in the management of sexual assault be sensitised regarding the ordeal experienced by women and stop perceiving survivors as crime scene ‘clients’ from whom only medico-legal evidence has to be collected. Professional practitioners and family members must be supportive, non-judgemental and considerate of the dignity of survivors. The establishment of sexual assault response teams (SART) is also recommended. There should also be inter-professional education for better coordination of services rendered to sexually assaulted women.