Tesi: "Medicine, Chinese"

1

Hsu, E. L. "Chinese medicine". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.604684.

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This thesis explores ways in which the style of transmission is related to the contents of knowledge and practice. Chinese medicine has been legitimised and promoted by the government since the 1950s. Its transmission in government units is modelled on that of Western biomedicine. By analysing textbooks, I show ways in which, over the past thirty years, an attempt has been made to standardise the different strands of Chinese medical knowledge, and I refer to it as 'standardised knowledge'. This textbook knowledge conforms to Western biomedical systematisation, a materialist and static view of processes, and the ideology of Marxist dialectics. In settings outside the government work units Chinese therapeutic knowledge and practice has also been modified by Western thought and medicine, but not as systematically. Here, one still finds ways of learning which depend on the personal quality in the relationship between master and disciple. And here, the transmission of Chinese therapeutic knowledge is often veiled in secrecy. The comparison of these different tastes of knowing and healing aims to put the present standardisation of Chinese medicine into context and by highlighting qualities of knowing and healing in other settings of Chinese therapeutics, it points to the limitations of standardising medical knowledge and practice. Chapter One contributes to topics such as Socialist work units (danwei), post-Mao higher education, and curricula in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Chapter Two discusses a 'senior doctor's (laozhongyi) understanding of notions such as Experience (jingyan) and 'science' (kexue). Chapter Three contains case histories of qigong healing, and deals with topics such as voluntary associations and secrecy. Chapter Four contains a translation of Suwen 43 'On Obstructions' and discusses concepts of illness in qigong healing and Chinese medicine, with particular emphasis on Breath (qi). Chapter Five contains a translation of parts of Suwen 66 'The Rules of the Origins of Heaven' and discusses interpretations of concepts such as Change (bain, hua) and the Spirits (shen). Chapter Six discusses the textbook TCM Fundamentals and its precursors, and highlights how the understanding of concepts discussed in previous chapters has recently been transformed.

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2

Phan, Tyler. "American Chinese medicine". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2017. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1571107/.

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This thesis explores the power structures which shape Chinese medicine in the United States. Chinese medicine had two incarnations: migrant Chinese practice and its professionalized form. From the 1880s to the 1940s, Chinese medicine was practiced by the Chinese diaspora to serve their communities and non-Chinese settler populations. From the 1970s onward, Chinese medicine professionalized under the agency of acupuncture. Through the regulation of acupuncture, groups of predominately white Americans began to create standards of practice based on the enactment of what I have referred to as “orientalized biopower.” Orientalized biopower is the process where America’s predominately white counterculture began to encompass an orientalism which romanticized a form of Chinese medicine constructed in the 1950s by the People’s Republic of China called Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). With the adoption of TCM in the United States, they also formulated measures which marginalized Asian Americans practitioners. The profession then labelled itself as “Oriental Medicine” embodying Edward Said’s concept of Orientalism. Along with this form of orientalism, the counterculture used the State to push for a standardized epistemology of TCM. In return, the State encompassed standardized Chinese medicine as element of biopower. My research is informed by a cross-country ethnography of schools, regulatory bodies, and private practices around North America. Through my investigation, I discover the power structures of Chinese medicine, contained within the regulatory bodies and schools, are mostly dominated by white Americans. Combined, they construct a profession and determine the “legitimate” and “illegitimate” forms of Chinese medicine, which constitutes the criteria for who can and cannot practice legally in the country.

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3

Silberman, Tamar. "Chinese medicine meets American sensibilities: The use of Chinese medicine in the treatment of chronic conditions". Diss., Connect to online resource, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1433475.

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4

Chau, Ka-yee. "Health status of Chinese medicine users". View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36887110.

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5

Chau, Ka-yee, e 周嘉儀. "Health status of Chinese medicine users". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B39723938.

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6

Sun, Lizhe. "Value creation through modernizing Chinese medicine". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/42217.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, 2007.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 110-114).
My first hypothesis in this thesis is that there is significant value vested in traditional Chinese medicine that can be captured by converting them into ethical drugs through scientific analysis, screening and validation. Further, holistic treatment is a key difference between traditional Chinese medicine and western-type chemical drugs, which makes Chinese medicine a very valuable category of knowledge. Using mixed formula is a primary method of treatment in Chinese medicine. It is the application of distinctive medical philosophies of Chinese herbal medicines in practices, reflecting the uniqueness and advantages of Chinese medicine. For example, there are 96,592 mixed formula recorded by "Dictionary of Chinese Medicine Mixed Formula" published in 1997. My second hypothesis in this thesis is that value can be created and captured, under the globalization context, from mixed herbal formulas for the mainstream world market with the aid of fingerprint technologies. To enter western markets as officially approved drugs through critical pathways, both scientific and regulatory, Chinese herb drugs must demonstrate sound evidence for safety and efficacy. I address in this thesis one of the central concerns of the pharmaceutical companies and FDA, that is, how quality control and material consistency is assured and how toxicity and drug kinetics of Chinese herbal medicines, either in its raw form, its purified form, its composite extract form or its mixed formula form, may be measured with reasonable scientific certainty and what would be the likely trajectory of further research.
(cont.) My thesis research involves the following aspects: firstly, I characterize, by and through historical review and analysis, the formation of unique Chinese holistic medical philosophy to apply herbal medicines, particularly mixed herbal formulas, to systematically modulate the human body to prevent illnesses, to combat health problems and to restore balanced health; secondly, I performed a comparative study on the regulatory systems between Chinese SFDA and US FDA to provide insights on the trend of harmonic convergence of laws and regulations and challenges going forward, including collection and extrapolation of relevant statistical data; thirdly, I researched emerging fingerprint technologies to address the central issues of standardization, quality control, material consistency, safety and efficacy measurements of Chinese herbal medicines; fourthly, I performed data collection on major Chinese sources of published literatures and patent applications/grants for public and private medicinal knowledge formation, which may be viewed as a surrogate indicator for embedded economic value in the system, to compare trend and gaps between China and developed countries; and lastly, I presented three case studies of development of an-diabetic drugs from herbal sources, to illustrate how value may be created and captured through using modern technologies to tap into the accumulative knowledge base in herbal medicine. The thesis concludes that there are significant values to be captured, by and through cross-border collaborations under the globalization context, from Chinese herbal medicine. Both ethical single molecular entity (singleton) herb-derived drugs and mixed formula herb-derived drugs may be created going forward.
by Lizhe Sun.
S.M.

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7

Lewis, Taylor Gabrielle, e Taylor Gabrielle Lewis. "Infertility Treatment and Traditional Chinese Medicine". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625038.

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Infertility treatments are sought after by about one in every ten women in the United States. In vitro fertilization (IVF) and intra-uterine insemination (IUI) are both relatively expensive and time consuming fertility options for patients and yet still cannot guarantee pregnancy will be achieved. Incorporating acupuncture into an IVF cycle creates a sympathoinhibitory effects, decreases pulsatillity index, and promotes increased uterine artery blood flow and therefore increased endometrial thickness and increased likelihood of embryo implantation. Additionally, acupuncture normalizes hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis dysfunction. Incorporating Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) into an IVF cycle promotes estrogenic effects including uterine support through the luteal phase. Incorporating CHM into an IUI regimen helps to alleviate the anti-estrogenic effects of the follicle stimulating pharmaceuticals prescribed. In randomized trials, acupuncture and CHM significantly increased endometrial thickness measurements and CHM significantly increased pregnancy and live birth rates when used alongside IVF. Most patients have negative perceptions regarding traditional Chinese medicine and are therefore not receptive to using it or incorporating it into their fertility treatment plan. Because some positive effects and no negative effects have been found, physicians should continue to recommend these complementary approaches to their patients, provided the addition of TCM is financially feasible for the patient.

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8

Cheng, Chung Wah. "Chinese herbal medicine for functional constipation". HKBU Institutional Repository, 2009. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1090.

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9

Zhan, Mei. "The worlding of traditional Chinese medicine a translocal study of knowledge, identity, and cultural politics in China and the United States /". online access from Digital dissertation consortium, 2002. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?3067989.

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10

Taylor, Kim. "Medicine of revolution : Chinese medicine in early communist China (1945-1963)". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.621925.

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11

Yip, Yun-chi, e 葉潤芝. "Barriers to implement evidence-based Chinese medicine". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46373524.

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12

Scheid, Volker. "Plurality and synthesis in contemporary Chinese medicine". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.245185.

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13

Chou, Chuan-Ting. "Traditional Chinese medicine on-line diagnosis system". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2006. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3182.

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The project developed a web-based application that provides a user-friendly interface to assist practitioners of traditional Chinese medicine in determining the correct diagnosis. Traditional Chinese Medicine On-line Diagnosis System (TCMODS) allows a diagnostician to enter a patient's symptoms using a series of questionnaires to determine health status, which will then be stored in the database as part of the patient's medical records. The database will also differentiate among the patterns of syndromes known in traditional Chinese medicine and search and match these with the patient's data to the known uses of Chinese herbs. TCMODS will then generate that patient's medical record, including the symptoms of the ailment, the syndrome, and a prescription. User identification and access privileges were differentiated in order to maintain the integrity of the patient medical data and the information needed to make the diagnoses. The project was designed to function across platforms and was written using HTML, JSP, and MySQL.

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14

Wu, Siu-ping Mable. "Patients perceptions of traditional Chinese medicines". Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31970862.

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15

Chan, Chui-man Truman. "Chinese Medicing Building, HKU". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25950204.

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16

Shao, Jing. ""Hospitalizing" traditional Chinese medicine : identity, knowledge and reification /". online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium access full-text, 1999. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:9951836.

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17

Kong, Oi-yan Isabella. "The traditional Chinese medicine centre : at the Hong Kong Museum of Medical Sciences /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25955020.

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18

Au, Yeung Chi-man. "The use of traditional Chinese medicine in Chinese patients with gastro-intestinal complications". Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2004. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31971428.

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19

Chan, Chui-man Truman, e 陳聚文. "Chinese Medicing Building, HKU". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31985002.

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20

Zhou, Wenyu, e wenyu zhou@rmit edu au. "The Victorian Chinese Medicine Workforce and Practitioner Capability". RMIT University. Health Sciences, 2008. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080801.121456.

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Chinese medicine (CM) as a popular form of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) has been increasingly used in the Western world over the last three decades. While the importance of original research on quality, safety and efficacy of CM therapies is well argued and supported, there has been a general negligence of the role of education in protecting public safety, promoting CM as a form of evidence-based healthcare and improving the quality of clinical CM services. This study aimed to determine the essential practitioner capabilities to ensure the safe, competent and contemporary Chinese medicine clinical practice in complex healthcare systems such that of Australia. There are two major studies in this thesis: the workforce study and the capability postal survey. For the workforce study, a specific instrument with a coding system was developed and approved by the Chinese Medicine Registration Board of Victoria (CMRBVic) prior to the commencement of the data collection based on registration forms submitted by all practitioners registered with CMRBVic during the transitional (also known as grand-parenting) period. Findings from the workforce study provide comprehensive data on the current state of the Victorian CM workforce concerning their educational background, clinical experience and their current practice of CM. Findings of the capability postal survey represent a major step in the development of a capability-based curriculum that meets the needs of the Chinese medicine workforce. The findings of this study provide the basis for developing specific continuing professional educational programs that address knowledge and skill gaps such as communication, referral, research training and for some practitioners, basic biomedical sciences. In conclusion, this study, for the first time, provided the comprehensive data on the state of the Victorian CM workforce and CM practitioners' views on desired practitioner capabilities. A number of continuing professional education needs were identified and the successful implementation of these programs will contribute to the safe and competent CM practice and thus protect the public safety.

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21

Andrews, Bridie Jane. "The making of modern Chinese medicine, 1895-1937". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1996. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/252168.

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22

Hong, Hai. "Epistemological issues in the theory of Chinese medicine". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2012. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/547/.

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Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has been criticized for being unscientific because the theory on which it is based involves entities like qi and ’meridians’ that appear ambiguous and because the internal ‘organs’ like the kidney and the spleen are very different from those of modern anatomy and physiology. Even more so, TCM methods of therapy based on the yin-yang principle, the model of the five elements, and the classification of illnesses according to standard constellations of symptoms (TCM “syndromes”) are largely unproven by the protocols of modern evidence-based medicine. This dissertation attempts to reconstruct TCM theory by: (a) providing explanations of TCM entities as abstractions and constructs that relate to observable body functions and illness symptoms and (b) interpreting TCM theory as comprising heuristic models that were constructed from clinical experience to fit empirical observations of illnesses and their treatments with herbal medications and acupuncture. It suggests that scientists should be less concerned with the ontological status of TCM entities and the epistemic credentials of TCM models than with the ability of these concepts and models to guide physicians in therapy. More importantly, it makes the argument that these models are testable using the methods of evidence-based medicine. There are methodological difficulties associated with randomized controlled trials partly because TCM treatments tend to be individualized and syndromes are dynamic in nature; observational trials may be more appropriate in some situations. It is also possible that, for patients who are more culturally attuned to TCM, the placebo effect is strongly at play and may render the real effects of TCM treatments harder to tease out in clinical trials. The dissertation concludes that the main postulates of TCM should be put to rigorous test. The result may be a leaner but more robust theory, with parts that do not stand up to the test being rejected or modified, and a possible acceptance of its more modest therapeutic claims for a limited range of pathological conditions like pain and chronic illnesses.

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CHU, KUANG-HSIAO, e 屈光孝. "Ontology-Based Medicinal Combination System for Traditional Chinese Medicine". Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/6rh7wm.

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碩士
國立中正大學
資訊工程研究所
104
Syndrome differentiation and treatment is a special way develped for the diagnosis and therapy in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). In syndrome differentiation, the physician first collects the symptoms and signs of patients through four examinations: inspection, listening and smelling, inquiry, and palpation. According to the collected symptoms and signs, the physician then analyzes the cause, location, and mechanism of the disease of patients. In syndrome treatment, the physician gives the proper treatment and herbal medicinals based on the results of syndrome differentiation. Chinese herbal formula study concerns the therapeutic principles of syndrome treatment and the combination of herbal medicinals. A formula consists of one or multiple herbal medicinals conforming to the therapeutic principles of syndrome treatment. The herbal medicinals in a formula may play one of four different roles: sovereign medicinals, minister medicinals, assistant medicinals and courier medicinals. These herbal medicinals perfectly combines to achieve the benefits of syndrome treatment. The combination of herbal medicinals conforming to the therapeutic principles of syndrome treatment forms an extremely complex system. This thesis applies the ontology technique and the multi-objective optimization technique to develop a medicinal combination system for TCM. This system includes a TCM herb medicinal ontology, a herb medicinal thesaurus and a herb medicinal combination module. This thesis studies the standardization of herb medicinal names and their therapeutic effect terms. This thesis uses an ontology development tool to construct a TCM herb medicinal ontology for these standardized herb medicinal names and their therapeutic effect terms. This thesis also develops a herb medicinal thesaurus to facilitate the mapping of any herb medicinal names and therapeutic effect terms to the standardized herb medicinal names and therapeutic effect terms. This thesis applies the multi-objective optimization technique to develop a herb medicinal combination module. This thesis also performs a preliminary evalation on this module based on 28 formulas for spleen qi deficiency syndrome or spleen yang deficiency syndrome. The result of this preliminary evalation is quite encouraging and demonstrates the importance and feasibility of the medicinal combination systems for TCM.

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24

"Molecular Authentication of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Decoctions and Concentrated Chinese Medicine Granules". 2016. http://repository.lib.cuhk.edu.hk/en/item/cuhk-1292169.

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中醫藥用作醫療用途已有數千年的歷史，其中服用傳統湯劑及現代中藥顆粒是目前最主要的治療方法。不過，由於他們的藥材表徵已被破壞，傳統的性狀及顯微鑑定方法並不適用。儘管化學分析技術已被廣泛採納作藥材鑑定用途，湯劑或中藥顆粒所產生的化學圖譜是非常複雜，而且其結果會受到不同的成長環境所影響。此外，親緣關係相關的物種，其化學成分十分相似，故此化學方法並不能作準確區分。相比之下，採用分子鑑定方法分析物種獨特的DNA序列是較爲準確。2010年版的《中國藥典》亦首次加入分子鑑定技術，爲藥材分子鑑定提供指引。
雖然分子鑑定技術提供了諸多優勢，傳統認爲DNA在藥材煎煮或生產過程中會被降解，而且藥材中的PCR抑制物會導致假陰性結果，故此目前分子鑑定仍局限於原藥材層面。因此，本研究旨在開發分子鑑定技術，爲湯劑及中藥顆粒提供有效的鑑別及質控指引。
本研究模擬一般中藥湯劑的製作過程，把藥材以水煮製不同時間。我們發現DNA的完整性會隨煮製時間而下降，故此鑑定湯劑或市購湯包需要透過擴增短DNA片段來完成。此外，我們亦利用多重PCR（multiplex PCR）作爲有效的鑑定方法。
爲制定最佳的DNA提取方法，我們比較了傳統CTAB法及試劑盒方法來提取中藥顆粒中的DNA。結果表明合併使用上述兩種方法能大大改善DNA的質量和PCR的成功率，而提取高純度的DNA比提取高濃度的DNA更爲重要。另一方面，透過設計特異引物，中藥顆粒中的藥材基原能與目標偽品區分出來。
本研究亦通過定量PCR（qPCR）以測定湯劑藥材及中藥顆粒的份量。重複性試驗顯示使用10-100毫克的中藥顆粒能產生較爲準確的結果。而在測定混合中藥顆粒樣本時，誤差值少於3毫克。不過，在湯劑中qPCR只能粗略地顯示原藥材的重量。
DNA條形碼（DNAbarcode）常用於鑑定未知物種，不過完整的DNA條形碼片段不容易於湯劑及中藥顆粒中找到。此外，微型DNA條形碼（DNA mini-barcode）通常難以提供足夠的物種分辨能力。透過改良外源接頭介導PCR （adaptor ligation-mediated PCR），樣本中位於目標位置附近不同長度的DNA片段能夠擴增，並且提供足夠的鑑定能力。
本研究把分子鑑定技術延伸到中藥產品。本研究的成果更可以進一步開發成診斷試劑盒及爲檢測及認證實驗室提供技術指引。
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) have been used for therapeutic purposes over thousands of years and the two major ways of TCM consumption are decoctions and concentrated Chinese medicine granules (CCMG). In terms of authentication, traditional methods such as organoleptic and microscopic identification are less applicable for them since their visual characteristics are destroyed. Although chemical identification may be applied, chemical profiles are complicated and usually indistinguishable between related adulterants. Additionally, chemical constitutes change upon different developmental stages. Molecular authentication is comparatively more accurate since it is based on unique DNA sequences, and it is first stated officially in the 2010 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia.
Although molecular authentication gives several advantages, its applicability on processed herbal products is not yet clear and it is now restricted for crude herbal materials. Extensive DNA fragmentation and co-extraction of PCR inhibitory substances may lead to false-negative results. This study is thus undertaken to find the availability of DNA in decoctions and CCMG, and find the applicability of various molecular techniques for identification and quality control.
In this study, decoctions were made by boiling multi-herbs formulations in water. It was observed that intactness of DNA decreased with prolonged boiling. By designing species specific primers targeting on short DNA sequences, constituent herbs could be identified in the decoctions as well as a commercial soup product. In addition, multiplex PCR was developed for effective authentication.
To formulate a DNA extraction protocol for removing various inhibitory substances in CCMG, CTAB extraction and column kit extraction were tested. It was found that combination of CTAB and column kit extraction methods greatly improved the quality of DNA extracted and PCR successful rate. In addition, it was observed that extracting high quality DNA was more important than extracting a large amount of DNA. Besides, diagnostic primers could differentiate between genuine and adulterant species.
This project also aimed at quantifying herbal amount by quantitative PCR (qPCR). It was found that herbal quantities determined between different batches of 10 to 100 mg of CCMG were consistent. These findings thus enable determination of constitute herbal amount in mixed CCMG with low discrepancy less than 3 mg. However, only rough quantification results were given for herbal materials in decoction.
Determination of unknown species identity in herbal products is difficult since full-length DNA barcodes cannot be obtained. Moreover, mini-barcodes do not give sufficient differentiation power. To solve this problem, a modified adapter ligation-medic
Lo, Yat Tung.
Thesis Ph.D. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2016.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves ).
Abstracts also in Chinese.
Title from PDF title page (viewed on …).
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.

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Huang, Hsin-Yi, e 黃欣怡. "Framing traditional Chinese medicine’s transformation: the perspective from modern medicine". Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/zh6yju.

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碩士
中山醫學大學
醫學社會暨社會工作學系碩士班
101
Traditional Chinese medicine used to be the main form of medical treatment in Taiwan, especially during the Japanese colonial period (1895-1945). Modernization and scientific methodology form the values and ideology of modern medicine and have affected patient behavior in terms of seeking medical care. The aims of this study are to analyze the contents of the Taiwan Medical Journal from 1958 to 2012 and from a social constructionist perspective and based on van Gorp’s framing package approach to explore how frameworks of modernization and scientific value are represented in the discourse. The results show that Taiwanese mainstream medicine is framed as follows: Taiwanese mainstream medicine has moved along the scientific and westernized path. Medical education institutions and the health insurance system in Taiwan strongly promote Western medicine as a symbol of modernity and Taiwanese mainstream medicine. Meanwhile, traditional Chinese medicine has mostly been excluded from the medical market.

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LI, JIA-HAN, e 李佳翰. "Supporting Multiple Medicinal Effects in Medicinal Combination System for Traditional Chinese Medicine". Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/n85dr7.

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碩士
國立中正大學
資訊工程研究所
105
Our research team had developed an ontology-based medicinal combination system for traditional Chinese medicine. Based on the combination principles of sovereign, minister, assistant, and courier medicinals, this system can automatically recommend the most effective medicinals given a medicinal effect. This system contained only 35 medicinals, 28 formulas, and 65 standardized medicinal effects for qi deficiency syndrome. The standardization of medicinal effects in that system was based on the original descriptions of medicinal effects in the reference books and didn’t take into account the qi, flavor and meridian entry of medicinals. This system had developed a mandatory multiple medicinal effect combination algorithm. This system recommended medicinals following the order of sovereign, minister, assistant, and courier medicinals. Given a medicinal effect, this system will mandatorily take the medicinal effects of formerly recommended medicinals into account and use a multi-objective optimization algorithm to compute the most effective medicinals. Based on the formal system, this thesis makes the following three expansions. First, this thesis extends the system to contain 155 medicinals and 112 formulas for various deficiency syndromes. Second, this thesis extends the standardization of medicinal effects to take into account the qi, flavor and meridian entry of medicinals, and contains 221 standardized medicinal effects. Third, this thesis also develops a flexible multiple medicinal effect combination algorithm. The user can assign arbitrary number of medicinal effects and use a multi-objective optimization algorithm to compute the most effective medicinals. A preliminary experience on these 112 formulas confirms that the flexibility of this combination algorithm is significantly better and the precision of recommending the most effective medicinals is significantly higher.

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27

Curry, Sandra. "Emotional health and Chinese medicine". 2006. http://www.ocomlibrary.org/images/PDF/studentpapers/sandracurry.pdf.

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28

Levenbach, Gidon. "HIV/AIDS & Chinese medicine". 2007. http://www.ocomlibrary.org/images/PDF/studentpapers/gidonlevenbach.pdf.

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Chnag, Hung-Chou, e 張宏州. "The Effect of Intestinal Microflora on Traditional Chinese Medicine Diagnostic Pattern and Chinese Herbal Medicine". Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/33793782722085928871.

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Abstract (sommario):

碩士
中國醫藥大學
中西醫結合研究所
92
Recent researches reveal that good intestinal microflora environment not only helps improve gastrointestinal functions, but it also modulates immune system. Additionally, intestinal microflora promotes absorption and metabolism of Chinese herbal medicine. The aim of the study is to explore the effect of intestinal microflora on Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) diagnostic pattern and the metabolism of Chinese herbal medicine. We studied 48 patients who suffered from allergic rhinitis for more than one year from the outpatient services at the Chinese Medical University Hospital. These patients age between 5 to 35 years old, and they were tested to be allergic to Dermatophagoides pteronyssines through blood tests. We collected patients’ stool samples and cultured the bacteria by selective culture mediums. At the same time, we conducted the clinical symptoms severity evaluation score study and TCM heat pattern evaluation score study. The patients were then divided to the “non-heat pattern” group (scoring 0-5) and the “heat pattern group” (scoring 6-20) based on the sum of the TCM heat pattern evaluation scores. The result indicated that in those patients with allergic rhinitis, the TCM heat pattern scores showed significantly negative relationship with age (p < 0.001, r = - 0.46), while showing significantly positive relationship with clinical symptoms severity scores (P = 0.033). In the meantime, heat pattern score showed a tendency of positive relationship with Bifidobacterium percentage in the intestinal microflora (p = 0.06, r = - 0.36). Moreover, we designed an in vitro test with a Hep G2 cell line model injured by toxic reagent, tert-butyl hydroperoxide, 1.5mM. The study was divided into 3 groups: silymarin treat group, Lycium bararum extract treat group and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) fermentation extract of Lycium bararum treat group. The lactate dehydrogenase level before and after treatment was used as the basis to assesses the efficacy of the treatment. The result shows that Lycium barbarum has significant cell protection function (P < 0.05). With the assistance of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), we discovered that the peak of retention time (Rt) 5.998 on the finger print of the original Lycium bararum extract disappeared when it was fermented by LAB. The change on the finger print of Lycium barbarum means that the fermentation of the LAB changed the original content of Lycium barbarum and thus enhanced its cell protection function. Finally, we came to two conclusions through the two studies. First, the percentage of Bifidobacterium in the intestinal microflora showed negative relationship with TCM heat pattern score. Second, the fermented Lycium barbarum extract enhance the cell protection effect of the original Lycium barbarum extract. In addition, the fermentation of the LAB changes the original content of Lycium barbarum. The intestinal microflora plays an important role in the TCM pattern representation and the metabolism of Chinese herbal medicine. It warrants the importance of further studying on the close relationship between the intestinal microflora and Traditional Chinese Medicine.

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Wang, Chao-Lung, e 王朝隆. "Evidence-based medicine reserch of Chinese medicines in attention deficit hyperactivity desorder". Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/70494797823764881049.

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31

Tsai, Wan-Ting, e 蔡椀婷. "Cost-benefit Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine、Western Medicine and Integrated Chinese–Western Medicine on the Treatment of Pediatric Asthma". Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/63293482886270576864.

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Abstract (sommario):

碩士
亞洲大學
健康產業管理學系健康管理組
100
Goal: According to the proclamation of Department of Health in Year 2009, asthma ranking 10th place of children’s leading cause of death in Taiwan, is considered as a terrible threat to the health of children. Consequently, how to improve children's health from asthma become important. Thus, the study aims to perform cost-benefit analysis (CBA) of Western Medicine (WM), traditional Chinese Medicine (CM), and Integrated Chinese -Western Medicine (IM) on the treatment of pediatric asthma. Method: This is a secondary data analysis by using “One million random samples” of 2005~2008 National Health insurance Research Database (NHIRD). Under the criteria of any child patient under age 11, ICD-9 coded 493, and 3 outpatient visits within any 3 months in Year 2005, we screened 6,669 subjects and categorized into CM group (N=22), WM group (N=6420), and IM group (N=227). We defined per capita total medical expenses occurring in CM, WM, and IM group of Year 2005 as their respective costs, while we calculated the difference of CM-WM group and IM-WM group as the benefit in the following Year 2006~2008. Finally, a cost-benefit analysis was carried out. Result: With the cost-benefit ratio of WM group as base line value (which = 0), we found the value on the cost-benefit analysis of CM was -0.52, and that of IM was 0.47. In other words, a child with pediatric asthma spent 1 dollar on CM in Year 2005, the benefit was 0.52 saving in the average of 3 following years. On the contrary, a child with pediatric asthma spent 1 dollar on IM in Year 2005, it will cost his (or her) parents extra 0.47 on the same counterpart.

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32

Li, Ssu-Yun, e 李思筠. "A Study on the Chinese Medicine Utilization of Chinese Medicine Physician under the National Health Insurance". Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/17860416598634160195.

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Abstract (sommario):

碩士
中臺科技大學
醫療暨健康產業管理系碩士班
102
Chinese medicine healthcare services have been included in the National Health Insurance (NHI) since its implementation. The inclusion of non-mainstream healthcare services in insurance benefits is rarely seen in the world. Chinese medicine healthcare is known to have mild action, fewer side effects, and health preservation concept. Therefore, many people have a special preference for Chinese medicine healthcare. In order to gain an insight into Chinese medicine applied in disease-based healthcare services, this study chose the most professional Chinese medicine practitioners as research subjects in order to analyze the utilization of Chinese medicine healthcare services. Research results will help one understand the optimum role of Chinese medicine in NHI healthcare. The basic information of medical personnel in the “NHI Research Database” of the National Health Research Institutes, outpatient prescriptions, and treatment specifications were adopted for secondary data analysis. The Chinese medicine practitioners with medical records from 2007 to 2011 were adopted as research participants. After excluding 152 practitioners without outpatient prescriptions and treatment specifications, and 55,449 outpatient clinics that took place before they became practitioners, a total of 25,946 entries were obtained through “claims by patient”. The t-test, ANOVA, and generalized estimating equations were used for statistical analysis. Among the Chinese medicine practitioners, those under the age group of 25 years old~34 years old had the highest frequency of Chinese medicine outpatient utilization, reaching 3.39 times per year, with females outnumbering males. The Chinese medicine practitioners’ Chinese medicine outpatient utilization situation for different illness types, ranked in order, include: signs, symptoms, and ill-defined pathological types (19.9%), respiratory system diseases (18.8%), and musculoskeletal system and connective tissue diseases (16.1%), which are conditions more commonly treated through Chinese medicine. Common diseases in Chinese medicine practitioners’ Chinese medicine outpatient utilization are mainly acute nasopharyngitis (common cold), cough, and headaches. Hence, most Chinese medicine practitioners’ utilize Chinese medicine outpatient healthcare services for diseases with milder symptoms. The factors affecting Chinese medicine practitioners’ Chinese medicine outpatient utilization include: gender, age, number of western medicine physicians in the township of practice, western medicine doctors’ outpatient utilization, and whether chronic disease exists. In particular, the higher the number of females and western medicine physicians in the township of practice, the higher the western medicine outpatient utilization frequency, and the younger the age group, the higher the Chinese medicine outpatient utilization and costs that arise. In Taiwan, Chinese medicine practitioners’ average Chinese medicine outpatient clinics are about 2.63 times, and the average annual Chinese medicine outpatient costs amount to NTD1,377.92. In particular, the frequency of Chinese medicine healthcare service outpatient utilization and costs are higher than those of the general public. Chinese medicine practitioners’ age, gender, health condition, area of practice, and other healthcare resources significantly affect the frequency of Chinese medicine healthcare utilization and costs. In addition, diseases such as mental system and sense organ diseases, respiratory system diseases, digestive disease, urogenital system diseases, skin and cutaneous tissue diseases, musculoskeletal system and connective tissue diseases, signs, symptoms, various types of ill-defined pathological diseases, injuries, and poisoning are all important factors affecting Chinese medicine practitioners’ selection of Chinese medicine outpatient healthcare utilization. In the future, themes such as Chinese medicine practitioner groups in trauma, acupuncture, and other self-paid items can be further explored to clarify relevant factors affecting Chinese medicine outpatient utilization.

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33

WANG, SHIH-JIE, e 王識捷. "Selections of Chinese Herbal Medicine Suppliers". Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/pmcf8v.

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Abstract (sommario):

碩士
國立高雄第一科技大學
運籌管理系企業管理碩士班
105
As the cultivation of Chinese herbal medicines has many climatic and environmental factors, the world must rely on China's exports and Taiwan has no exception. However, the origins of Chinese herbal medicine scattered in mainland China and production and marketing process is also quite complicated which has also made the quality of Chinese herbal medicine be affected easily, so a careful selection of Chinese herbal medicines suppliers becomes very important. In this study, the relevant literatures of Chinese medicine related to policies and the selection of many pharmaceutical suppliers were selected to construct the model by the hierarchical analysis technique. The AHP questionnaire was issued to the Chinese medicine retailers in Taiwan. The results showed that the dimensions of the product are common emphasized by the retailers and their sub-criteria also have higher degree of weight. Thus the Chinese herbal medicine suppliers have to focus on the dimensions of the product first in order to get a basic competitive advantage. Senior and young retailers have different perceptions on the degree of importance of the proposed major criteria and sub-criteria. Senior experts pay more attention to “financial credit” while young retailers emphasize on “professional knowledge and personnel training” and “technical resources”. Besides, “information technology”, “transportation and distribution” and “environmental protection” are perceived to have a lower degree of importance.

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34

Chiang, Chou-Ping, e 江舟平. "Evaluation of the Arrangement System of Medicinal Cup for Chinese Proprietary Medicine". Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/44605244310772766598.

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35

LIU, I.-LUN, e 劉羿綸. "Design and Implementation of Medicinal Ontology and Thesaurus for Traditional Chinese Medicine". Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/dk4ukn.

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Abstract (sommario):

碩士
國立中正大學
資訊工程研究所
106
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has developed more than 2000 years. The terms for description of medicinal effects exist high diversity. To promote applying information technology to TCM, our research team has initiated the standardization of TCM herbs and medicinal effects of TCM herbs. Our research team has also constructed a medicinal ontology and a medicinal thesaurus for TCM. The medicinal ontology and medicinal thesaurus for TCM are the infrastructure of applying information technology to TCM. This thesis extends our previous work, which includes 221 medicinal effects, 155 herbs, and 112 formulas, to 228 medicinal effects, 232 herbs, and 206 formulas. The increased 6 medicinal effects, 77 herbs, and 94 formulas are associated with excess syndromes in TCM. Using the medicinal combination system developed by our research team to combine these 94 new formulas, except for one herb in one formula, all herbs in 94 formulas are correctly recommended as the herb with the best effects. The failed formula is mainly for health care. Hence, food herbs with less effects rather than therapeutic herbs with better effects are adopted in that formula. In addition, this thesis also extends the query and maintenance functionalities of the medicinal ontology and medicinal thesaurus.

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36

Larsen, Monique. "The future of American medicine". 2005. http://www.ocomlibrary.org/images/PDF/studentpapers/moniquelarsen.pdf.

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37

Hwa, Teng Jen, e 鄧振華. "An Analysis of Chinese Medicine Resources and Residents Characteristics Affect the Utilization of Chinese Medicine in Taiwan". Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/90765174804325104133.

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Abstract (sommario):

碩士
中國醫藥學院
醫務管理研究所
90
This study seeks to explore resident characteristics, psychological process factors, and Chinese medicine resources affect the utilization of chinese medicine in Taiwan. This study combines Aday and Anderson model with John Deway model to form this research framework. This study focus on (1) the relationship between resident characteristics (predisposition, enabling and need factors) and the utilization of Chinese medicine services, (2) the relationship between psychological process factors and the utilization of Chinese medicine services, and (3) the relationship between environmental medical resources and the utilization of Chinese medicine services. This sampling design was conducted by sending 5,000 copies of questionnaires to sample objects by mail in May 2001, with 1,407 of them returned that makes a response rate of 28.14%. On average each responder has 2.35 Chinese medicine service visits, compared to 3.99 service visits per person among those who have utilized Chinese medicine treatment. The major findings are summarized as follows: Factors concerning simple and uncomplicated psychological processes, beliefs of preference for Chinese medicine, days of hospitalization within two years, basic beliefs of medical treatment, physiological knowledge of Chinese medicine, basic knowledge of Chinese medicine, differences of beliefs toward medical treatment, gender, and whether suffered from chronic diseases using logistic regression analysis show significant influence on the utilization of Chinese medicine services, and the sequence is according to odds ratio ranking. Factors concerning uncomplicated psychological processes, beliefs of preference for Chinese medicine, days of hospitalization within two years, basic beliefs of medical treatment, physiological knowledge of Chinese medicine, basic knowledge of Chinese medicine, differences of beliefs toward medical treatment, gender, and whether suffered from chronic diseases using logistic regression analysis found significant influence on high or low utilization of Chinese medicine services, and the sequence is according to odds ratio ranking. Knowledge and beliefs of Chinese medicine may affect whether using Chinese medicine services and the degree of high or low utilization of Chinese medicine. Responders score average on the knowledge of Chinese medicine treatment, but the average score on the beliefs of Chinese medicine treatment is below 3. Regarding environmental variables analysis, positive correlation is presented by comparing the average number of Chinese medical doctors and number of Chinese medical institutes established per 10,000 people with number of outpatient service visits. The result show significant correlation of Chinese medical environment resources and Chinese medical service utilization. Twenty-one independent variables were found to affect the utilization of Chinese medical services : age,gender, family constituents, educational background, place of residence, term of residence, accessibility to Chinese medicine, accessibility to western medicine, utilization of western medical services within the last two years, chronic diseases, perceptions of health, days of hospitalization within the last two years, means to deal with diseases, regular Chinese medical doctor, regular Chinese medical institute, regular western medical doctor, regular western medical institute, habits of active collection of medical information, priority to visit Chinese/western medical doctor when getting ill, factors to affect willingness to seek western medical services, and active collection of medical information upon serious illness. Regarding high or low utilization of Chinese medical services significant factors are: age, family constituents, educational background, place of residence, frequency of utilization of western medical services, and regular western medical doctor. Government agency in charge of education should plan for having the knowledge of Chinese medicine and medication compiled into the junior and senior high school curriculum, particularly into Health Education, helping the public to acquire accurate information concerning Chinese medicine and medication. To establish residents’ Knowledge, beliefs and confidence toward Chinese medicine and medication may start by founding a national Chinese medicine center and build more public Chinese medicine hospitals. Healthcare administration should increase promotion of Chinese medicine. Marketing for Chinese medicine services based on the findings of this study should focus on dissemination of accurate information and formal education concerning Chinese medicine and medication to the public through all governmental channels.

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38

YEH, YAU-CHIN, e 葉堯進. "THE DEMAND AND CHOICE OF CHINESE MEDICINE, WESTERN MEDICINE AND PHARMACIES". Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/04013703296963430127.

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Abstract (sommario):

碩士
國立臺北大學
經濟學系
91
There are four types of medical services to choose when people are ill in Taiwan: western medicine, Chinese medicine, traditional medicine, and pharmacies. With the implementation of National Health Insurance (NHI), the accessibility of medical service for residents in Taiwan has increased. Most importantly, people’s out of pocket medical expenses are reduced after NHI. However, lots of people still prefer to choose alternative treatments, such as pharmacies, or traditional medicine which are not covered by NHI, even though they may have to spend more money. In other words, the price of medical service might not be the most important factors affecting people to choose medical treatments. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to understand the factors determining the decision. In this study, people, who are over 18 and have received medical treatments in the past one month during interview, are selected in our research. We only focus on the people who suffer one of the following three diseases: cold, chronic disease and sprain. Multinomial logit model is used for the empirical research. The results show that no matter in what kinds of situations, the probability to choose Chinese medical treatments for females are higher than the one for males. People who do not have NHI are more prone to go to pharmacies or to choose traditional treatments. As for “age” factor, even with different diseases, the choice of medical service remains the same. When people have cold, educated people are more likely to choose Chinese medicine than non-educated ones. Furthermore, educated people suffering chronic disease are more likely to go to Chinese or western medical facilities than their counterpart. People with moderate and good health condition prefer to see a western medicine doctor when they have cold. As regards sprain, the evidence indicates that healthy people prefer going to Chinese or western medical facilities when they need medical treatments. People with over 20,000 dollars monthly income are more likely to see a Chinese medicine doctor when they catch cold. However, income factor does not play any role in affecting people’s medical service choice when they suffer chronic diseases. Finally, for sprain condition, most people with higher income consider Chinese or western medical facilities the first medical service choice.

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39

Kerle, Elizabeth. "Boosting pediatric immune function using Chinese medicine". 2004. http://www.ocomlibrary.org/images/PDF/studentpapers/elizabethkerle.pdf.

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40

"Developing a practical methodology for Chinese medicine research: approach, challenges and solutions". Thesis, 2010. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b6074986.

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Abstract (sommario):

Chemical analyses, biological assays, and animal experiments provide important fundamental information of Traditional Chinese Medicine. In modern biomedical research, they should also be necessary prerequisites for clinical trials. A Chinese herbal formula, no matter how effective and safe in the pre-clinical studies, cannot be assumed clinically valid. No marketing approval should be granted without clinical studies. Thus, clinical trial plays a decisive role in the research and development of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Currently the highest level of efficacy evidence is obtained from randomized controlled clinical trial. Thousands of years of traditional use can provide us with valuable guidelines to the selection, preparation and application of herbal formulations. To be accepted as viable alternatives to western medicine, the rigorous methods of scientific and clinical validations must be applied.
In conclusion, the methodology of Chinese medicine research needs to improve. One practical way is to apply the efficacy-driven approach through the following steps: i) getting a simple herbal formula to try solving a difficult clinical problem and start an evidence-based clinical trial using methodology acceptable to current standard clinical trials i.e. randomized, placebo-controlled; ii) parallel laboratory experiments to understand the mode of action should be done; and; iii) making sure that the quality of herbs and their extracts are of the best standard. A promising item shown in the clinical trial and laboratory experiments would deserve more pharmacological investigations before considering marketing. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
The distinctiveness of Chinese medicine is manifested in the diversity and the complexity of its components, the instability of its quantity, the fuzziness of its action mechanism, and the uncontrollability of its producing process. Traditional Chinese herbal formulae are usually formed by more than one plants, animal or mineral items. The composition is extremely complex. The efficacy thus can hardly be guaranteed. The methods of harvesting, drying, storage, transportation, and processing of plant material influence the efficacy and safety. The consistent efficacy, therefore, can hardly be guaranteed. For thousands of years, it has been observed by clinical practice that Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has a rich scientific connotation and has developed a unique healthcare system. However, variable sources of raw materials, unknown active ingredients, difficulties in quality control, lack of safety evaluation, unclear mechanism of action, etc., all these factors constitute major challenges in modernization of TCM.
The effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) may be characterized by its chemical compounds, which are also the active ingredients. The reproducibility and the stability of the active ingredients are the foundation to ensure the efficacy of TCM. The safety and efficacy of TCM is evaluated through its pharmacological effects and in clinical studies. Many Chinese herbal medicines have a long history of traditional use. However, most of them are of unproven efficacy by today's standard. Well-designed randomized controlled trials and comprehensive pre-clinical studies are not known. Although the lack of qualified evidence does not mean that Chinese herbal medicines lack efficacy or are unsafe, properly designed experimental and clinical investigations should still be done today. There is a need to scientifically prove and clinically validate its safety and efficacy through chemical standardization, biological assays, and clinical trials.
The general perception that herbal drugs are very safe and free from side effects is not true. Little do they know in the modern conditions, that the current herbs used for preparation of traditional Chinese medicine have been very different as compared with the ancient herbs in planting, extracting, producing, storage, application, dose level and the duration of clinical use. The active ingredients of herbal formula are higher after extracting with modern scientific methods; and the toxicity may also be correspondingly higher. The potential side effects after long-term use should not be overlooked.
The purpose of the research is to develop a practical methodology to obtain convincing evidences in quality, safety and efficacy of Chinese Medicine. When we use evidence-based research methodology to prove the quality, safety and efficacy, we are facing many challenges.
The quality control of Chinese herbal medicine is a systematic procedure. The initial critical step is to standardize the starting raw herbs, for knowing the exact species and subspecies, the ideal growing location, environmental conditions, harvesting methods, and storage conditions etc., i.e., following Good Agriculture Practice (GAP) to ensure the quality of the raw materials. The second step is to standardize the processing methods of the raw herbs. The third step is to standardize the preparation procedure of the final products according to the requirements of Good Manufacture Practice (GMP) guideline. The fourth step is to qualitatively and/or quantitatively evaluate the quality of the TCM medication based on one or more selected chemical markers.
by Cheng, King Fai.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 73-01, Section: B, page: .
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010.
Includes bibliographical references.
Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [201-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Text in English with some Chinese characters; abstract and appendixes 3-5 also in Chinese.

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41

Hhu, Jung-shu, e 許榮淑. "Research on the competition strategies of our Chinese native medicine industry from the quality controlling Chinese native medicine". Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/70938375921596388105.

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Abstract (sommario):

碩士
國立中山大學
國際高階經營管理碩士班
92
Abstract The using of Chinese medicine is the treasure of our traditional culture; although once it received the attraction of western medicine for a while. Along with the whole world nature therapy being in fashion, the using of Chinese medicine has obtained once again. Germany develops gingko correlation product from our tradition ancient book, created 30 hundred million dollars output values in a year, and South Korea''s Korea ginseng , the year output value is also about 70-75 hundred million dollars by a single product. The WHO estimates, in the following ten years, the Chinese Medicine and the development of its related technique product, the market will grow above 10%, every year. The Chinese medicine industry, without doubt, will be the star of fresh technique Industry in this century. Therefore, according to the consideration of competition strategy, the major condition is to establish the standardized, and science Chinese medicine in order to develop the Chinese native medicine biotechnology. In other words, the stability, effective of the Chinese native medicine is closely linked to its internationalization development. However, because traditional Chinese medicine itself are various, and habitat distribution broad, down to the all previous dynasties books on Chinese medicine records or in the actual utilization, has the same name on foreign matter, or the variety chaotic situation, like adds on the geography, the climate and the recovery season again is different, frequently creates the traditional Chinese medicine ingredient the difference, but the domestically grown Large-scale planter is appropriate the herbal medicine to have residual quality question and so on the agricultural chemicals, heavy metal and excessive microorganism. Our Chinese medicine industry, nearly has not grown in recent years, the market scale 40 hundred million dollars (approximately 1.2hundred million Dollar) about, the industry competitive ability year. By year glided down again, when Canada has the traditional Chinese medicine to remain excessive question and so on agricultural chemicals, heavy metal, causes the Chinese native medicine industry development receives the serious limit. Therefore, the analysis constructs the construction Chinese native medicine quality control influence regarding the Chinese native medicine industry promotion competitive ability, for this research biggest goal. Besides SWOT, five strength and the theory of country competitive ability, the analysis competition strategy (superiority), and is loyal and the quality controlling of the present situation in mainland China by the Asian and Pacific various countries and Taiwan''s present situation makes a comparative analysis. Also enplaning Chinese native medicine quality control, regarding Chinese native medicine industry competitive ability promotion importance, but besides the literature back coupling, the secondary material analysis, and distinction depth interview with the official, study grinds the from all walks of life experts, to prove that the influence of quality controlling machinery to the industrial, and even to regarding the industrial organization, the expense market and the internationalization influence. The main conclusions of this research are as follows: First, besides analyzing the present situation of Chinese medicine industry development and found out the problem, positively proposed the industrial competition strategy, and found that quality control has its priority and importance in the correlation competition strategy. Second, from the analyzing of the present situation quality controlling in mainland China and the Asian, we discovered the mechanism of Chinese native medicine quality control has become one of various countries'' important strategies, therefore, it may provide the important reference for the development of our Chinese native medicine industry. Third, the quality controlling mechanism of Chinese native medicine will affect the Chinese native medicine industrial structure, the market scale and the commodity internationalization, following regarding industrial management, national policy and international marketing correlation research, will have the its pioneer value. Fourth, this research may be the reference of the government and the industrial development policy, and takes the important research direction to promote the country competitive ability.

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42

Tseng, Chia-hsing, e 曾家興. "Traditional Chinese Medicine Tongue Diagnosis by Smartphone". Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/smmunj.

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Abstract (sommario):

碩士
國立中山大學
資訊工程學系研究所
104
The diagnosis of Traditional Chinese Medicine methods is generally based on four standard but not validated approaches, inquiry, smelling/listening, observation, and palpation. During the process of observation, the diagnosis of the tongue is one of the crucial diagnosing steps. In the past, traditional Chinese medicine tongue diagnosis based on the experience, diagnostic techniques, color perception and experience of dialectical subjective clinical judgment. Different doctors may come to drastically different judgments on the same tongue presentation with little overlap. Moreover, TCM distinguish patient health based on eight principles dialectics which can’t clearly diagnose a single disease. In clinical research of specific diseases is a lack of objective TCM indices. Nowadays computer science is very flourishing, Chinese medicine tongue diagnosis has been combined with modern science. Automatic Tongue Diagnosis System has come up with an assisting system with standardized judging procedures by scientific methods in order to help doctors diagnose in a scientific and systematic way to boost the consistency and reliability of diagnosing, as well as to help find disease and give therapy at the first moment. Traditional Chinese Medicine Tongue diagnosis by smartphone is generated based on ATDS and ATDS cloud. We developed the TCM Tongue diagnosis by smartphone and combine cloud analysis with smartphone. Cloud analysis use Model View Controller (MVC) as infrastructure. MVC Web API link multiple devices with the environments. Therefore, system can be used on multiple platforms. Cloud analysis can reduce the cost of computing resources and save the analysis data in cloud database. TCM by smartphone can enhance the universality of TCM inspection and convenience.

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43

王得貴. "Chinese medicine asthma computer aided diagnosis system". Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/93388549506591822677.

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Abstract (sommario):

碩士
長庚大學
電機工程研究所
86
The related research of the Chinese Medical Diagnosis has been widely studied and discussed. Many people desire to construct a specific and objective model of traditional Chinese Medical Diagnosis process. To modernize the Chinese Medical System with scientific thinking and methodology and how to reserve the original theoretical characteristic become an important task. In this thesis, we simulate the diagnosis of Chinese Medicine for asthma with fuzzy set theory. Asthma present many inherent or extrinsic symptom of human body. Each symptom is cured with different correspondent Chinese Medicine. Because of the symptom provided by the clinical patients is almost indistinct or incomplete, scientific diagnosis Chinese Medicine with these symptoms is difficult. Experienced Chinese Medical doctors infer the disease based on some cricerions and combine the condition and history of disease to complete the diagnosis. In this study, we construct a computerized Chinese Medical diagnosis system with fuzzy set theory. The source of data are obtained via looking, listening, asking and touching. These data may be incomplete or erroneouss but the fuzzy set theory has the ability to deal with this kind of situation. We take use of the property of fuzzy set theory to extract the relationship between asthma and its symptoms. The final object is to simulate the diagnose process of Chinese Medical doctors for asthma and buildup the Fuzzy Expert Chinese Medical diagnose System. We merge the fuzzy set theory and Chinese Medical Diagnose to construct a computerized Chinese Medical Diagnose System with capability of incomplete and erroneous symptom data. The fuzzy set theory has been widely evolved in many applications include the medical use. The traditional logic theory is binary with true value ?" and false value ?". There is no so called "fuzzy zone". But the uncertainty often encountered and can not be completely described with traditional logic set theory. The fuzzy set logic which is exceeded from the traditional set logic include arbitrary value between *0* and *1*. It represent the logic of human beens and Chinese Medical Diagnosis. It extract the relationship of symptom-to- symptom, symptom-to-syndrom and syndrom-to- syndrom with fuzzy relation matrix. This will fully represent the global concept of Chinese Medical Diagnosis. In the future, the system parameter can be adjust to be utilized in diagnosis of other symptom with more clinical data. If support the property diagnosis and alert of possible diseases.

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44

Liang, Wen-Lee, e 梁文俐. "Safety Studies on Chinese Medicine and Angriculture". Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/84378277408317367530.

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Abstract (sommario):

博士
台北醫學院
藥學研究所
88
The western medicine develop at present the most people carry on as before tradition on Taiwan, that is used to treat disease with Chinese herb or take good sare of one’s health with food, but that happened toxic event because of that used unknow herbs or foods, example 1995 the weight reducing vegetable-Sauropus androgynus event, so The Department of Health rules “HEALTH FOOD CONTROL ACT” , and the food belong to long term feeding or producing that must think about its safety. Although belong to food, it must still proceed toxic test. This paper would do nature products safety test, that included the toxic test in animal of Chinese medicine and the heavy metal test of the agriculture and mineral drug. The potency immunology action and anti-inflammation action were selected from Chinese prescription, that were “Guei-Luh-Ell-Shian-Jiau” and “Shian-Jyh-Wan”, the acute toxic test was in progress. The heavy metals analysis of agriculture was selected from Taur-Yuan County’s 13 towns, and would analysis from 97 samples of vegetables and fruits, it included Cd, Hg, and Pb. We found mineral drug which had high content of heavy metals from common use of Chinese drugs in 1996. Mineral drugs component is different from geology factor, example As2S3 of Realgar, HgS of Cinnabar etc., but the drug is unprepared or use wrong preparation method, it would be contaminated example As2O3 of Realgar, Pb, As, Cd of Cinnabar so we must use Chinese drug preparation method by connon processing of refined powder. Recently many heavy metals poison cases of Chinese medicinal products accidents were reported of cinnabar, therefore, how to selected the standardization of the raw material and processing procedure are important works to the pharmaceutical industry on the quality and safety control. The plant original identify is important factor of Chinese medicine, so we would inquire into relative classify that was difficulty of the medicinal herb. And the part II we would use T.L.C. fingerprint and molecule biological technique of RAPD moder that could identify the plant original fast and convenience. The result showed (1) Guei-Luh-Ell-Shian-Jiau and Shiau-Jyh-Wan weren’t toxicity in oral continue 14 days, (2) that wasn‘t pollution from Cd, Hg and Pb in the Taur-Yuan County, (3) that Cinnabar could remove the heavy metal of As, Cd, Pb by common processing method of refined powder except Koou-Mii Cinnabar, (4) the T.L.C. fingerprint and RAPD method results matched to identify the plant original different of Lycium chinense Mill. and Lycium barbarum L. The result showed it must continue and expand region to analysis the toxic test from health food, and control heavy metals pollution condition, that is used a feel at ease agricultural products of consumers. And it will give the government a reference of safety re-evaluation Cinnabar in the future.

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45

Tsai, Meng-je, e 蔡孟哲. "A Study of Assisting Chinese medicine diagnosis". Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/80550154884036804816.

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碩士
南華大學
資訊管理學研究所
96
It is popular for using Meridian Electroacupuncture Analysis Device (MEAD) to measure the human skin conductance. We can use these values to evaluate the constitutional state of human body. MEAD is an easy learning, quick reactive machine. Few papers mention about its reliability. So we conduct a cross-sectional study by analysing the three times continuous measurement on 39 normal populations. Here we use Pearson correlation coefficients and tendency analysis method. This study is carried out at a general practice, the Buddist Tzuchi General Dalin Hospital, Department of Chinese Medicine, natural medicine lab in Chiayi. There are three results: 1.The reliability of MEAD is 0.87(Pearson correlation coefficients), and tendency analysis is 80.7%. The values of skin conductance in three times continuity measuring showed highly correlation and tendency. 2.The Pearson correlation coefficients is significant differences (p<0.05) between the first measurement (0.893) and third measurement (0.833), but no difference (p>0.05) between first measurement and second measurement (0.886). So the relevance is very high in five minutes, but will be decreased after 10 minutes. 3.We found each examined person has his own meridian pattern. These patterns may provide the diseases information of the patient. 4. After we calculate the three times measuring values by F-test from the meridians of left and right side, Yin and Yang parts, visceral and bowls, hands and feet. We found no difference (p>0.05) between each of them, so there does not have any relevance to effect the measurement. 　　　　In addition, this study has finished the development of the physician chart output program with the Visual Basic 2005. It can draw the five-Hsing chart of the automated point goals in the functional surface. Compared to the past, doctors have saved lot of manpower and time rather than manually copying raw data to Excel worksheet in order to re-draw various charts in the past.

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46

李岳穎. "Doing Body：The Clinical Reality of Chinese Medicine". Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/12181169244035786899.

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47

Yang, Ming-Hsien, e 楊明顯. "Integrative Business Model of Chinese Medicine Clinic". Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/00635415235295619955.

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Abstract (sommario):

碩士
中興大學
高階經理人碩士在職專班
99
The frame of this study is Chinese medicine clinic. The purpose of this study is the investigation of what internal and external factors are and how regulatory environment affects for franchising of systems. Furthermore, this study adopts the concept of value net to investigate whether the franchising business model is available in Chinese medicine clinic industry and organizational stakeholders generate benefit from the business model. In addition, this study also explores that the franchising business model in Chinese medicine clinic industry face some management problems, such as consistency principle, talent management and retention. As such, in order to improve operative efficiency and management inefficiency, this study offers some specific management mechanisms.

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48

Tsai, Chun-Yi, e 蔡俊逸. "Computer-Aided Diagnosis System for Chinese Medicine". Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/22362594633809744380.

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Abstract (sommario):

碩士
中華大學
生物資訊學系碩士班
100
With the advances in mass communication, there are many ways that people can acquire knowledge. Because of the fast pace of living, people are suffering from various diseases, especially chronicle diseases. Now a day, patients usually choose western medicine, because it can reduce pain in a short time. By comparison, most of people have the impression that it takes a longer time to improve their health condition using Chinese medicine. Because Western medicine has been less effective in the treatment of chronic diseases, traditional Chinese medicine is gradually getting more attention. In addition to herbal medicines, Chinese medicine also, acupuncture, meridian massage, and healthy diets to improve personal health condition. People must to make an appointment at hospital when they are sick. If we can preliminary diagnose by myself. This will add considerable convenience, and even make Chinese medicine practitioners to increase the convenience of the diagnosis. The most important thing is to help users to prevent diseases by traditional Chinese medicine health care knowledge of the system. Therefore, they need a simple and containing a wealth of information diagnosis system for Chinese medicine. This system uses information of user’s symptoms to match and calculate the results of the highest probability of diagnosis by SQL Server's "SELECT" function. According to the results of diagnosis, the system provides knowledge of Chinese herbal medicine and Chinese meridian-point conditioning. Finally, this research uses a virtual example to illustrate possible applications of the system.

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49

Yu, Shu-Ching, e 游淑晴. "Deficiency Syndrome in Differentation Traditional Chinese Medicine". Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/75482372471919536852.

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Abstract (sommario):

碩士
國立中正大學
資訊工程研究所
102
The book Syndromatology of Traditional Chinese Medicine is a monumental work that collects and organizes ancient and modern literatures on the theory and practice of clinical diagnosis in traditional Chinese medicine. This book categorizes diseases into 15 syndrome divisions according to the causes of diseases. Based on the properties of the causes of diseases, these 15 syndrome divisions are further divided into 45 syndrome subdivisions. These 45 syndrome subdivisions are then divided into 281 syndrome classes according to locations of diseases. Finally, these 281 syndrome classes are divided into 2344 syndromes according to mechanisms of diseases. Since the system of syndrome differentiation is huge and complex, it is very difficult for doctors to master it. We wish to utilize the huge memorizing capability and the speedy analyzing capability of computers to develop an automatic syndrome differentiation system to provide a platform for the research of the system of syndrome differentiation. This thesis develops an automatic deficiency syndrome differentiation system according to the symptom information in the system of deficiency syndrome differentiation in Syndromatology of Traditional Chinese Medicine. This system consists of five parts: visceral syndrome differentiation, syndrome division differentiation, syndrome subdivision differentiation, syndrome class differentiation, and syndrome differentiation to gradually differentiate the causes, locations, and mechanisms of diseases. This thesis uses two different syndrome differentiation approaches: plain syndrome differentiation and weighted syndrome differentiation. In plain syndrome differentiation, every symptom in syndrome has the same weight. This implies the probability of occurrence of every symptom is the same. Experiments shows that the syndrome differentiation rate in plain syndrome differentiation is very low in many situations. In weighted syndrome differentiation, every symptom in syndrome has a (maybe different) weight that depends on the probability of occurrence of this symptom. Experiments shows that the syndrome differentiation rate in weighted syndrome differentiation is raised in most situations and alleviates the problem of the low syndrome differentiation rate in plain syndrome differentiation.

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50

Chen, Wen-Ling, e 陳玟伶. "Ontology-Based Traditional Chinese Medicine Symptom Thesaurus". Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/42458707212542559201.

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Abstract (sommario):

碩士
國立中正大學
資訊工程研究所
102
Through the evolution of Traditional Chinese medicine for a long period of time, a special approach, called syndrome differentiation and treatment, for the diagnosis and therapy of diseases is developed. In syndrome differentiation, the doctors first analyze and differentiate properties of diseases, called syndromes, including causes, locations, and mechanisms of diseases, based on the symptoms collected from four examinations: inspection, listening and smelling, inquiry, and palpation. In syndrome treatment, the doctors then determine the principles of treatment according to differentiated syndromes. Since the system of syndrome differentiation is very huge and complex, we plan to utilize the huge memorizing capability and the speedy analyzing capability of computers to develop an automatic syndrome differentiation system to provide a platform for the research of the system of syndrome differentiation. However, during the evolution of traditional Chinese medicine, there exist various symptom terminologies and descriptions in books and literatures due to different backgrounds, climates, factions, habits, etc. The lack of standardization of symptom terminologies and descriptions makes it difficult to achieve precise analysis and differentiation of syndromes in an automatic syndrome differentiation system. Hence, we first develop a traditional Chinese medicine symptom thesaurus to solve the lack of standardization of symptom terminologies and descriptions. This symptom thesaurus can provide an infrastructure for an automatic syndrome differentiation system in the future. In this symptom thesaurus, we develop symptom ontology for traditional Chinese medicine. In this symptom ontology, we define standard symptoms, and establish the relationships between symptoms and symptom objects, and the relationships between symptoms and symptom properties so that each standard symptom represents a basic symptom and each basic symptom is represented by a unique standard symptom. However, symptom ontology must go through applications and modifications for a long period of time in order to gradually become correct and complete. By utilizing this symptom ontology, other traditional Chinese medicine information systems may perform analysis, inference and management in a more systematic way.

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Tesi sul tema "Medicine, Chinese"

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