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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Medical and Health Sciences not elsewhere classified"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 19 febbraio 2023

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Medical and Health Sciences not elsewhere classified"

Ridgway, Jessica P., Jessica Schmitt, Ellen Almirol, Monique Millington, Erika Harding e David Pitrak. "Electronic data sharing between public health department and clinical providers improves accuracy of HIV retention data". Open Forum Infectious Diseases 4, suppl_1 (2017): S421—S422. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofx163.1059.

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Abstract Background Retention in care is critical for treatment and prevention of HIV. Many HIV care clinics measure retention rate, but data are often incomplete for patients who are classified as lost to follow-up but may be actually in care elsewhere, moved, or died. The Data to Care (D2C) initiative supports data sharing between health departments and HIV providers to confirm patient care status and facilitate reengagement efforts for out of care HIV patients. Methods The University of Chicago Medicine (UCM) provided an electronic list to the Chicago Department of Public Health (CDPH) of adult HIV-positive patients whose retention status was not certain. Retention in care was defined as at least 2 visits >90 days apart within the prior 12 months. CDPH matched this list of patients with data from the Chicago electronic HIV surveillance database. Matches were based on patient name, including alternative spellings and phonetics, and birth date. CDPH also cross-checked patient names with the CDC’s national enhanced HIV-AIDS Reporting System (eHARS) database. CDPH provided UCM with patient current care status, i.e., patient was in care elsewhere (as verified by lab data), moved out of state, or deceased. Results 780 HIV-positive patients received care in the UCM adult HIV clinic from January 1, 2013 to March 31, 2017. Of these, 360 were retained in care as of March 2017. We shared data with CDPH for 492 patients. Of these, 294 (59.8%) were matched, and 168 (34.1%) had a date of last medical care provided. See Table 1 for patient dispositions, before and after data sharing. 24 (13.4%) of patients believed to be lost to follow up according to UCM records were confirmed either transferred care or deceased according to health department data. Conclusion Data sharing between the health department and HIV providers can improve data accuracy regarding retention in care among people living with HIV. Disclosures J. P. Ridgway, Gilead FOCUS: Grant Investigator, Grant recipient; D. Pitrak, Gilead Sciences FOCUS: Grant Investigator, Grant recipient

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Cimino, J. J. "Desiderata for Controlled Medical Vocabularies in the Twenty-First Century". Methods of Information in Medicine 37, n. 04/05 (ottobre 1998): 394–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1634558.

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AbstractBuilders of medical informatics applications need controlled medical vocabularies to support their applications and it is to their advantage to use available standards. In order to do so, however, these standards need to address the requirements of their intended users. Overthe past decade, medical informatics researchers have begun to articulate some of these requirements. This paper brings together some of the common themes which have been described, including: vocabulary content, concept orientation, concept permanence, nonsemantic concept identifiers, polyhierarchy, formal definitions, rejection of “not elsewhere classified” terms, multiple granularities, mUltiple consistent views, context representation, graceful evolution, and recognized redundancy. Standards developers are beginning to recognize and address these desiderata and adapt their offerings to meet them.

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Masaki, Motofumi, e Akira Koizumi. "Demographic characteristics and their genetic implications in a small island". Journal of Biosocial Science 20, n. 2 (aprile 1988): 225–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000017454.

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SummaryThe family registration records from a village population in a small island of Japan are used to assess the effect of demographic differentiation within a population on genetic measures. When the couples studied are classified by birth cohorts and origins, wives of the couples where one spouse came from elsewhere were older at marriage and had a shorter duration of marriage or registration than wives where both spouses were natives of the village. The mean number of offspring is statistically smaller in the former except for the latest cohort, due mainly to out-migration during the reproductive ages which also resulted in low rates of marriage among the offspring within the village. This leads to a small effective population size and an increased likelihood of genetic drift in the overall population.

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Matthews, Peter C. "Pathological Habit Disorder?" Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 33, n. 9 (dicembre 1988): 826–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674378803300908.

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This paper outlines a diagnostic entity called ‘Pathological Habit Disorder’ which is suggested for inclusion in the DSM as an Axis II option. Specific areas of concern, either mental (Axis I) or physical (Axis III), would delineate the syndrome. Pathological Habit Disorder (PHD) points to treatment options where the syndrome is wholly or partly habit-driven. Whether the syndrome is habit-driven or not will remain a clinical judgement even though many conditions, previously thought immutable except by medication, are proving accessible to behavioural engineering. In the ICD system, PHD seems to fit in “Special Symptoms or Syndromes not elsewhere Classified”. It is demonstrably useful to have a diagnosis such as PHD and to incorporate it into the body of medical classification, recognizing current practices for dealing with unwelcome or damaging habits.

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Shrestha, Lochana, e Shambhu Nath Pant. "Motivational Profiles of Medical Students of Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences". Journal of Nepal Health Research Council 15, n. 3 (1 gennaio 2018): 252–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnhrc.v15i3.18850.

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Background: Students enter the medical study with different types of motives. Given the importance of academic motivation for good academic achievement of the students, the present study was designed to reveal the possible relationship between academic motivation and achievement in medical students.Methods: In this cross-sectional study medical students (N=364) of Nepalese Army institute of Health Sciences were participated and classified to different subgroups using intrinsic and controlled motivation scores. Cluster membership was used as an independent variable to assess differences in study strategies and academic performance. Results: Four clusters were obtained: High Intrinsic High Controlled, Low Intrinsic High Controlled, High Intrinsic Low Controlled, and Low Intrinsic Low Controlled. High Intrinsic High Controlled and High Intrinsic Low Controlled profile students constituted 36.1%, 22.6% of the population, respectively. No significant differences were observed as regards to deep strategy and surface strategy between high interest status motivated and high interest-motivated students. However, both of the clusters had significantly deeper, surface strategy and better academic performance than status-motivated and low-motivation clusters (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The interest status motivated and interest-motivated medical students were associated with good deep and surface study strategy and good academic performance. Low-motivation and status-motivated students were associated with the least academic performance with less interest learning behaviors. This reflected that motivation is important required component for good learning outcomes for medical student.

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Visintini, Sarah, Mish Boutet, Melissa Helwig e Alison Manley. "Research Support in Health Sciences Libraries: A Scoping Review". Journal of the Canadian Health Libraries Association / Journal de l'Association des bibliothèques de la santé du Canada 39, n. 2 (24 luglio 2018): 56–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/jchla29366.

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Background:As part of a health sciences library’s internal assessment of its research support services, an environmental scan and literature review were conducted to identify research services offered elsewhere in Canada. Through this process, it became clear that a more formal review of the academic literature would help libraries make informed decisions about their services. To address this gap, we conducted a scoping review of research services provided in health sciences libraries contexts.Methods:Searches were conducted in Medline, Embase, ERIC, CINAHL, LISTA, LISS, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar and Google for articles which described the development, implementation, or evaluation of one or more research support initiatives in a health sciences library context. We identified additional articles by searching reference lists of included studies and soliciting medical library listservs.Results:Our database searches retrieved 7134 records, 4026 after duplicates were removed. Title/abstract screening excluded 3751, with 333 records retained for full-text screening. Seventy-five records were included, reporting on 74 different initiatives. Included studies were published between 1990 and 2017, the majority from North American and academic library contexts. Major service areas reported were the creation of new research support positions, and support services for systematic review support, grants, data management, open access and repositories.Conclusion:This scoping review is the first review to our knowledge to map research support services in the health sciences library context. It identified main areas of research service support provided by health sciences libraries that can be used for benchmarking or information gathering purposes.

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Marutha, Ngoako Solomon, e Mpho Ngoepe. "Medical records management framework to support public healthcare services in Limpopo province of South Africa". Records Management Journal 28, n. 2 (16 luglio 2018): 187–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rmj-10-2017-0030.

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Purpose This study aims to develop a framework for the management of medical records in support of health-care service delivery in the hospitals in the Limpopo province of South Africa. Design/methodology/approach The study was predominantly quantitative and has used the questionnaires, system analysis, document analysis and observation to collect data in 40 hospitals of Limpopo province. The sample of 49 per cent (306) records management officials were drawn out of 622 (100 per cent) total population. The response rate was 71 per cent (217) out of the entire sample. Findings The study discovered that a framework for management of medical records in the public hospitals is not in place because of several reasons and further demonstrates that public health-care institutions need an integrative framework for the proper management of medical records of all forms and in all media. Originality/value The study develops and suggests a framework to embed medical records management into the health-care service delivery workflow for effective records management and ease of access. It is hoped that such a framework will help hospitals in South Africa and elsewhere to improve their medical records management to support health-care service provision.

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Niyonsaba, Ruben, Astère Manirakiza e Laurent Irakoze. "Cancer in Patients Referred Abroad For Health Care and Related Foreign Currency Expenses". East African Health Research Journal 5, n. 2 (15 novembre 2021): 164–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.24248/eahrj.v5i2.668.

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Background: There is limited access to health services in Burundi, as most of the services such as cancer care are unavailable. Burundian citizen who can afford the costs involved in seeking treatment elsewhere are referred abroad. The purpose of this study was to assess the proportion of patients suffering from cancer among patients referred abroad for healthcare and to evaluate the costs incurred by those patients in relation to what the country would save by establishing cancer healthcare facilities. Methodology: The study was performed retrospectively from January 2016 to December 2018. With approval of Ministry of Public Health and AIDS control, the data was collected from medical reports at the general management of health facilities and AIDS control office. All patients with medical reports containing the reason for referral were included in the study. Medical reports assessing occupational disability were excluded. Data analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Results: Male, female and unclear was 45.3%, 39.9% and 14.8% respectively. Average age was 31,82. The main reason for referral was MRI (21.7%). Cancer patients represented 18% of all patients referred abroad for healthcare and the most common type of cancer found was breast (26.5%), genitourinary (15.7%) and digestive (14,2%). If all patients from 2016-2018 were referred to Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, India or Europe for 30 years, the country would spend in foreign currency US$3,858,229; US$638,342.80; US$21,288,592; US$10,410,192.90; US$54,718,329.70 respectively. Also, if all patients estimated by Globocan in 2018 were to be referred to these countries, the cost of foreign currencies would be US$52,455,122.60; US$38,264,740.88; US$129,272,590.40; US$81,330,325.94; US$276,601,008.02 respectively. Conclusion: There is a good number of cancer patients among patients referred abroad for health care. The estimated costs incurred by patients referred abroad for cancer care are far greater than funds needed to setup modern cancer care centres in Burundi.

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Pogorzelczyk, Katarzyna, Joanna Synoweć, Andrzej Basiński, Daniel Ślęzak, Marlena Robakowska, Przemysław Żuratyński e Wioletta Mędrzycka-Dąbrowska. "Cost analysis of treating pain patients on the example of the Clinical accident ward Of university Clinical Centre in Gdańsk". BÓL 20, n. 2 / Zjazd PTBB (17 settembre 2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.4614.

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The cost analysis of pain treatment is not a topic often taken up by the health economists community. The subjective dimension and pain assessment by the patient is one of the main determinants of the lack of interest in this topic. Work carried out on this topic currently includes analysis accompanying the process of pharmacotherapy treatment, care provided by medical personnel as well as costs resulting from administrative services. The aim of the work is to present the cost analysis of care for a „pain” patient and to indicate the most optimal financial package of these activities. The study was performed on the basis of financial data of the Clinical Emergency Department of the University Clinical Center in Gdańsk for the last year. We analyzed the cases of patients complaining of pain who received pharmacotherapy. Results The total cost for 2017 amounted to 1.128.668 PLN. The largest amount of money was allocated to the group of patients qualified to the group R: „Symptoms, disease features and abnormal results of clinical trials not classified elsewhere” – 327.313.72 PLN. The symptom of pain is one of the most frequently indicated symptoms among patients who receive medical help at the Clinical Emergency Department of the University Clinical Center in Gdańsk, which should be associated with a greater degree of involvement in analgesic therapy in patients who require it.

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Abidah, Hilda Nur, Hashifah Azatil Ismah, Selvi Irmayanti, Globila Nurika e Edza Aria Wikurendra. "The Effectivity of Solid Medical Waste Management in Pandemic Era". Journal of Public Health for Tropical and Coastal Region 4, n. 3 (30 dicembre 2021): 98–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jphtcr.v4i3.10618.

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Introduction: The increasing of confirmed positive case of SARS-Cov-2 Virus impacts to the need for improvement of health services, especially to the health workers and medical equipment. Along with the importance of regarding need of health service, it causes the rise number of medical waste that leads to health problem crisis. Therefore, this article presents common insight of the effectivity and challenge of medical waste management in Covid-19 pandemic.Methods: The notion is gained by finding out the source database from Pubmed, ScienceDirect, Google scholar, Researchgate that classified based on the research purpose. The keywords used were: (1) Covid-19 and medical waste; (2) pandemic solid waste; (3) waste and Covid-19; (4) management and pandemics.Results: An effective method to be applied is sterilizer technology, such as VH2O2 dan Stryker STERIZONE VP4, and the development of late waste respirator with the pyrolysis process. The method and the management process is considered, either nationally or internationally, as effective, but still we found challenge to implement the method, as lack of socialisation and support from the functionary. Conclusion: the method management can be implemented in the various countries, based on the needs and capability.

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Più fonti

Tesi sul tema "Medical and Health Sciences not elsewhere classified"

Gang, Na-Hyun. "Action research: an exploration of a music therapy student's journey of establishing a therapeutic relationship with a child with autistic spectrum disorder in music therapy : a research dissertation presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Master of Music Therapy at New Zealand School of Music, Wellington, New Zealand". Massey University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1155.

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This action research project examines the researcher’s journey of establishing a therapeutic relationship with a child with autism spectrum disorder during her practicum. Children with ASD present difficulty in communication and social relationship skills. As a student in training with a limited experience, the researcher had uncertainty and low confidence with regard to her clinical and professional skills which affected her work. In this project, the researcher has examined her own process of music therapy with a child with ASD and shows how she was able to improve her practice and therefore establish meaningful and effective therapeutic relationships with this client population and obtain valuable learning through the training. The study was conducted at a dedicated therapy centre in New Zealand where the researcher was in placement. A total of seven, thirty-minute weekly individual music therapy sessions and four supervision sessions were employed. This process was adapted into the design of action cycles which involved the repeated process of planning, action and evaluation. In-depth analysis of the researcher’s work was carried out throughout the cycles, using clinical notes, journal excerpts, supervision notes and video recordings of the sessions. The findings suggest that the researcher was able to improve her practice while attempting to build a therapeutic relationship with the client. Various clinical and personal issues arose such as uncertainty about improvisation, and lack of confidence in professional skills including communicating with parents, which led to disjunction and burnout symptoms. Discussions in supervision aided in in-depth reflection of the researcher’s work as well as emotional support. The researcher could ultimately develop ‘internal supervisor’ and was able to use independent strategies to help develop her work. Implications for training include making personal therapy a compulsory course requirement, providing training on professional skills, and student support groups. Future research may investigate the effectiveness of verbal input in music therapy and the emotional stages of parents.

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Sullivan, Jane Elizabeth. "The use of animals for medical experimentation : an analysis of young people's perceptions in Britain". Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2006. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/20128/.

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Understanding public attitudes towards using animals for medical experimentation and the issues that cause public concern is of importance scientifically, economically and ethically. Although national opinion poll data appear to provide enough evidence to propose the hypothesis that 'the majority of people in Britain support animal research' it is clear from reviewing the literature that the attitudes of young people have not been adequately explored. Furthermore, the ethical considerations and scientific understanding underpinning such attitudes are also poorly understood. It is also clear that we have little comprehension of how ethnic minority groups in our society view animal experimentation (AE). The aim of this study is therefore to acquire a contemporary, comprehensive understanding of young people's perceptions of AL This is pursued by means of a custom made questionnaire that also seeks to explore knowledge/understanding and values/belief systems within a cross-cultural context. Qualitative aspects of the study, both verbal and pictorial, enrich the quantitative data generated, allowing a unique insight into how young people articulate their attitudes towards AE. The findings from this study reveal that young people hold a diverse array of attitudes towards AE. Their support is dependent on animal species, which for non-Islamic respondents appears to be based on traditional Western considerations of phylogenic hierarchy. For Islamic respondents, however, attitudes towards certain animals diverge from this phylogenic classification, being driven instead perhaps by traditional cultural relationships with animals. Cross-cultural differences of how animals are viewed were also apparent when value typologies were measured. Scales to assess the human-animal bond and instrumental attitudes towards animals demonstrate that Islamic respondents have a less emotional attachment to animals, viewing them more instrumentally. The human-animal relationship scales reveal no such differences. Young people appear to have a poor knowledge base regarding issues surrounding AE and have a negative image of animal welfare within research facilities. These perceptions correlate with attitudes towards AE and hence suggest that there is a need for greater communication between scientists and lay people regarding this issue. When compared with other scales measuring instrumental uses of animals, Islamic respondents supported AE to a lesser extent than might have been expected, which may reflect a lower level of general medical understanding. Gaining a greater understanding of young people's perceptions of AE is not only important in its own right but may also be of general benefit in the arena of public understanding of science. The recommendations from this study therefore suggest routes to strengthen scientific communication in regard to the issue of AB that might also be applicable to more general areas of science.

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(9850352), E. Grigg. "A critical discourse analysis of literature pertaining to the historical "management" of the sexual and/or intimacy needs of people labelled as having a learning disability in Australia and the United Kingdom". Thesis, 2014. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/A_critical_discourse_analysis_of_literature_pertaining_to_the_historical_management_of_the_sexual_and_or_intimacy_needs_of_people_labelled_as_having_a_learning_disability_in_Australia_and_the_United_Kingdom/13387214.

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The research presented here analyses and compares textual narratives generated within policy, scholarly and popular media to discern how the sexuality or intimacy needs of people categorised as ‘learning disabled’ have been historically and more recently managed in Australia and the United Kingdom. The research uses a modified critical discourse analytical approach which, in order to clarify the distinct role of power in the construction of discourses of sexuality, is mediated by the more recent ideas of progressive phronesis offered by Flyvbjerg (1998a; 2001). The analysis identifies three broad stages in the historical development of the discourses about the sexuality of learning disabled people. The first phase was prior to the 1800s, when these people were labelled non-derogatorily as ‘idiots’, and perceived as childlike, innocent and asexual. The second stage was in the 1800s when, with the emergence of scientific rationality and medicalisation, so-called idiots became medicalised and categorised as ‘feeble-minded’ or ‘moral imbeciles’. This thesis demonstrates that, during this period, an emphasis on sexual self-denial, anxieties about venereal disease and non-procreative erotic pleasure helped to inform discourses of eugenics and learning disabled people became perceived as a sexual threat to the society. This underpinned policies of sexual control through institutionalisation, gender segregation and sterilisation. The third period in the development of discourses relating to the sexuality of learning disabled people paralleled the ‘sexual revolution’ of the late- 1900s and the move towards deinstitutionalisation and human rights. This analysis shows that, although the principle of ‘sexual freedom’ was ostensibly incorporated in modern policy discourse, the sexuality of learning disabled people continues to be influenced by significant barriers of sexual intolerance, demonstrated by continuing practices of sexual segregation, sterilisation, criminal labelling and imprisonment. The analysis indicates that a discourse of sexuality, which has legitimised the control and management of learning disabled people in varying forms since the Enlightenment, continues to be encountered in policy and popular narratives. Robust sexuality awareness and education programs for carers of these people, and society in general, are necessary so that intimacy and/or sexual desires are accepted as a normal need for all human beings.

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(9784508), Mitchell Burrage. "The development and application of a framework to guide training load prescription considering scheduling factors in basketball". Thesis, 2021. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/The_development_and_application_of_a_framework_to_guide_training_load_prescription_considering_scheduling_factors_in_basketball/16915723.

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Basketball teams typically undergo extensive training and competition demands across the season. Accordingly, it is becoming regular practice for basketball coaches and performance staff to implement monitoring programs to quantify external and internal loading in players during the season. As part of monitoring programs, it is essential to consider scheduling factors that may impact player loads across the regular season. In this regard, the impact of scheduling factors, such as game location, opposition ability, and fixture density, on player loads needs to be considered to precisely coordinate training schedules and appropriately manage player recovery in basketball teams. Thus, the aim of this research was to develop an evidence-based framework for use in practice to guide weekly training load prescription considering scheduling factors in basketball through: (i) conducting a systematic review to identify the precise impact of different scheduling factors on player loads in team sports; (ii) developing a framework that guides training load prescription across the regular season while factoring in prominent scheduling factors in basketball; and (iii) comparing the recommendations of the developed framework to training loads naturally prescribed in practice to a semi-professional basketball team. Ultimately, the number of games played in the current, previous, and subsequent weeks, days between games across subsequent weeks, and travel requirements were identified as the predominant scheduling factors to be considered in the TrAining load Recommendations based on weekly Game schEduling in baskeTball (TARGET) framework when planning weekly training loads for basketball players. In the TARGET framework, each scheduling factor is scored separately for each week of the season based on the team schedule. The overall score for each week in the TARGET framework is determined by summing the scores for all scheduling factors in that week to indicate schedule difficulty and guide training load prescription. The TARGET framework was retrospectively applied in practice to assess its utility and the extent to which coaching staff in a semi-professional basketball team may naturally consider scheduling factors when planning weekly team training loads. In this way, the weekly overall score in the TARGET framework was correlated with the weekly team training load prescribed across two regular seasons in a semi-professional, Australian basketball team. Accumulated PlayerLoadTM was measured using microsensors to quantify weekly team training load. The small, positive relationships (season one: r = 0.13; season two: r = 0.11) between weekly overall score in the TARGET framework scores and weekly team training load across two seasons suggest coaching staff of the investigated team tended to increase training load as schedule difficulty increased each week. Contrary to these findings, we expected coaching staff to reduce weekly team training loads as schedule difficulty increased, which suggests scheduling factors may not be adequately considered by some basketball coaching staff in real world contexts when planning team training loads across the regular season. The TARGET framework provides basketball coaches and performance staff with an easy-to-use, efficient, practical tool to inform weekly team training load prescription during the regular season. Furthermore, the ability to consider key scheduling factors in a prospective manner once the game schedule and travel plans are known for basketball teams, enables the TARGET framework to be used proactively to plan weekly training loads across the season.

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(9776654), June Alexander. "Using writing as a therapy for eating disorders: The Diary Healer and the process of using personal diary excerpts to assist people with eating disorders". Thesis, 2017. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/Using_writing_as_a_therapy_for_eating_disorders_The_Diary_Healer_and_the_process_of_using_personal_diary_excerpts_to_assist_people_with_eating_disorders/13443218.

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The story behind this research project begins in 1962 when, at age 11, I developed an eating disorder and began to keep a diary. The themes and threads that bind the story together, however, began to weave a pattern almost as soon as I was born. In early childhood, the world through my eyes comprised a small, beautiful valley adjoining the Mitchell River National Park in Victoria, Australia. I lived on a dairy farm with my parents and sister. For my first 11 years, my home had no electricity, television or Internet, but my days were full. The farm, river and adjacent bushland provided a natural outdoors playground, seeding my imagination. Indoors, on rainy days and at night by lantern-light, at the solid oak kitchen table, I would ask my mother for pen and paper and write a note or two about my day. A friendship with words was already taking hold.

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(9810866), Jeanette Klotz. "The role and function of remote area nurses at Birdsville 1923-1953". Thesis, 2001. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/The_role_and_function_of_remote_area_nurses_at_Birdsville_1923-1953/13462760.

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This dissertation examines the way in which the role and function of remote area nurses (RANs) employed by the Australian Inland Mission (AIM), was established and developed during the years 1923 to 1953 at Birdsville in far south-west Queensland. In a geographically remote and technologically isolated environment, registered trained nurses in the absence of any other on-site medical or allied health personnel, provided the only formal health service to the people of Birdsville and the surrounding district. A unique feature of the AIM'S nursing service is that it was designed to meet the holistic health needs of isolated white people and apart from strictly clinical services, did not include the local indigenous population. In effect, the nurses' role and function developed within a framework of institutional racism. Free of the rigid hierarchical constraints and structures experienced during this time period by their metropolitan colleagues, the RANs at Birdsville developed their role and function within the broader context of this remote community's culture. In such a small community as Birdsville, community dynamics and politics based on the concepts of class, religion and ethnicity were considerably heightened. Within this environment, the ability of the nurses to effectively carry out their role and function for all of the community, was at times severely challenged and restricted. Essentially, the nurses shared with the community harsh climatic and living conditions which were exacerbated at times by the AIM'S inability to raise sufficient funds to adequately support their nursing staff. The nurses' professional isolation although apparent throughout the period under study, was most acute in the first few years prior to the installation of a pedal radio transceiver at Birdsville. During these early years their extended scope of clinical practice was established. However, it is demonstrated within the dissertation that even with improved communication and aviation technology, a high degree of autonomy in their clinical decision-making was maintained and incorporated into a culture of remote area nursing.

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Wu, Wei-Ping. "A study of the function and structure relationship of the voltage gated skeletal muscle chloride channel, CLC-1". 2003. http://arrow.unisa.edu.au:8081/1959.8/28364.

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In the skeletal muscle cell membrane, the voltage gated chloride channel, CIC-1, maintains as unusually high resting membrane conductance and thereby prevents myotonic skeletal muscle disease. Protein crystallization experiments with bacterial CIC proteins, provide the information for the three dimensional (3D) structure of CIC chloride channels.
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Gerace, Adam. "Effects of perspective taking on anger experience and expression". 2005. http://arrow.unisa.edu.au:8081/1959.8/48665.

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The way in which we perceive and interpret the causes of situations is likely to have a profound influence on our subsequent behaviour. It has been well established that the experience of anger is likely to systematically influence the cognitive processing style and cognitive skills that the individual will use in understanding, and responding to, interpersonal situations. One important process that may be affected by the regular experience of intense anger (trait anger), is the dispositional propensity to attempt to understand the thoughts, feelings, and point of view of another person in an interpersonal interaction (i.e., perspective taking). A study was conducted to test this theoretical hypothesis. In addition, the study attempted to examine the influence of perspective taking on anger experience, control, and expression.

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(5929727), Zainab M. Hasan. "Characterization of bone aluminum, a potential biomarker of cumulative exposure, and the association between olfactory and cognitive function tests with aluminum biomarkers in an occupationally exposed population". 2019.

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Aluminum (Al) is the third most abundant metal on the earth’s surface. An association of Al with Alzheimer’s disease has been suggested, but, given limited human evidence, is controversial. It is possible that exploration of long-term, or cumulative, exposure to Al will help clarify this debate. Therefore, our study hypothesis was that occupational exposure to Al, particularly long-term exposure, is associated with adverse cognitive and olfactory outcomes.

Biomarkers are important tools in epidemiologic research; however, the reliability and quality of various biomarkers may vary. Therefore, in Chapter 2, we reviewed current evidence on Al biomarkers with the goal to synthesize current understanding regarding their utility for use in research. Our review evaluated 78 papers which discussed various biomarkers of Al exposure. Limited evidence is currently available for Al in nails, hair, breastmilk, saliva and semen. Although they have more daily variation than other biomarkers, blood Al concentrations may differentiate between exposed and non-exposed groups. Unlike blood Al, Al concentrations in both urine and bone are not subject to daily fluctuations. Bone Al appears able to quantify long term Al exposure. Therefore, the use of in vivoneutron activation analysis (IVNAA), a novel bone biomarker, can potentially represent cumulative Al exposure.

In Chapter 3, we evaluated the hypothesis that the correlation between bone and CEI measurements will be higher than the correlation between bone with fingernail. A cross-sectional cohort of 61 ferroalloy and manufacturing factory workers from Zunyi, China were used in this secondary analysis. Correlations of bone Al with other Al measures (fingernail and cumulative exposure index (CEI)) were assessed for 43 of the factory workers who had bone Al samples. Fingernail samples were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Bone measurements were taken with a compact IVNAA developed by our research team. CEI was calculated as CEI_i=, where C_iis estimated Al exposure based on job title (low/medium/high) and Y_iis the years employed. The CEI was calculated for the prior 5, 10, 15, 20 years and lifetime work history. Median Al values were: 34.4 mg/g (IQR=46) fingernail; 15 mg/g (IQR=28) bone; and 26 (IQR=21) total CEI. Adjusting for age and education, the linear regression model suggests that bone Al is reflective of 15 years of exposure based off the significant association between bone Al and 15-year CEI (b=0.91, p<0.02). Other models with CEI were not statistically significant.

In Chapter 4, we evaluated the association between bone, CEI and fingernail Al measurements with olfactory and cognitive function. The relationship between cognitive and olfactory function was compared with bone Al (N=43), fingernail Al (FnAl) (N=56), 5 year Al CEI and lifetime Al CEI (N=61) measurements. Olfactory function was assessed with the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test and cognitive function was assessed with the WHO/UCLA Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT). Verbal fluency was assessed using Fruit Naming and Animal Naming. Additional variables were assessed via questionnaire. Linear regression models, adjusted for age, education, current alcohol consumption and current smoking status, showed a significant association between higher BnAl and higher recall on the AVLT interference list (b=0.04, 95% Confidence interval (CI)=0.01, 0.08) and higher 5-year CEI with higher recall on the fifth AVLT trial (b=-0.23, 95% CI=-0.45, -0.01). No significant association between FnAl and lifetime CEI with olfactory and cognitive function was observed.

In Chapter 5, we explored the potential for interactions of Al with another metal to impact the potential association of Al with cognitive and olfactory function. Interaction models used the natural log of fingernail Al with each of copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) for the 56 male workers. The linear regression models controlled for age, education current alcohol consumption, current smoking status, and all five fingernail metals. Higher ln(FnMn) was associated with lower recall for several AVLT trials. The interaction term for ln(FnAl) and ln(FnZn) was significantly associated with AVLT Trial 1 (β= 1.99, 95% CI=0.07, 3.93), AVLT Trial 5 (β= 2.71, 95% CI= 0.02, 5.41) and AVLT average (β=2.11, 95% CI=0.01, 4.21).

Overall, this research presents valuable information regarding noninvasive, in vivoassessment of BnAl and its relationship with other Al biomarkers and measures of cognitive function. To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest study to use INVAA BnAl measurements to quantify long-term aluminum exposures within an occupational population, the first to compare BnAl with an estimate of cumulative Al exposure. Additionally, we are not aware of prior studies which have examined the interaction of fingernail metals, including Al, with olfactory and cognitive tests. Our results suggest BnAl is significantly associated with the prior 15-years of Al exposure and that IVNAA to assess BnAl can be used in field epidemiology studies. For our study, there was limited evidence of an association of BnAl and 5-year CEI with cognitive function. Most comparisons did not show any evidence of an association of Al with cognitive or olfactory function, but a statistically significant interaction between Al and Zn with some measures of cognitive function was observed. It is recommended that our findings be confirmed with larger studies.

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(9813164), Marie Le Lagadec. "Identification and management of patient deterioration—Comparing the afferent limb of early warning systems". Thesis, 2021. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/Identification_and_management_of_patient_deterioration_Comparing_the_afferent_limb_of_early_warning_systems/16915642.

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Abstract (sommario):

It is mandated that all Australian hospitals employ a means of detecting patient deterioration, and in doing so, most have chosen to adopt Early Warning Scores (EWS). Over the past three decades, many variations of EWSs have been developed and tested in larger regional/metropolitan hospitals. However, there is a paucity of evidence as to which EWS is most effective in predicting deterioration events in small, poorly resourced regional/rural hospitals. The aim of this study was to inform small, poorly resourced regional/rural hospitals on the selection of the best EWS or class of EWS, to augment patient safety within their context. This multi-phase retrospective case-controlled study compared the efficiency of 12 existing EWSs using patient data from two small regional private hospitals (Phase 1). Outcomes from Phase 1 informed Phase 2 and the development of a new EWS for use in poorly resourced regional private hospitals. The new EWS was then validated using two independent patient cohorts from small, poorly resourced regional/rural public hospitals (n=7) and large, well-resourced public regional/metropolitan hospitals (n=6). Results showed that in small regional private hospitals, the aggregated weighted EWS, called Compass, was most effective in identifying deteriorating patients with an Area under the Receiver Operator Characteristic Curve (AUROC) of 0.747 (CI 0.73-0.76). However, Compass had a low sensitivity of 0.44, meaning that less than 50% of the deteriorating patients achieved an emergency call score. Given the suboptimal efficiency of the 12 EWSs tested, a new, more efficient EWS was developed. The first step in developing a new EWS involved determining the ability of the vital signs in predicting patient deterioration. While vital signs are good indicators of patient deterioration, no single vital sign was found to predict patient outcomes strongly. A rapid heart rate and the need for supplementary oxygen were identified as the best indicators of an impending clinical deterioration event in this patient cohort. Based on these findings, a new combination EWS, called MOD-6 was then developed. This was achieved by adding a single trigger component to Compass, extending the existing vital sign trigger threshold ranges and incorporating a graduated weighted scale for supplementary oxygen use. The new combination EWS, MOD-6, was 20% more effective than Compass when used in poorly resourced regional private hospitals. However, when validating the new MOD-6 using two independent patient cohorts from the public sector, the MOD-6 EWS was no more effective than existing EWSs. This study has produced evidence that EWSs are used differently in large, well-resourced regional/metropolitan hospitals compared to poorly resourced regional/rural hospitals. In the well-resourced hospitals, there is evidence that the EWSs are being used to identify clinical deterioration events, reactively using the EWS scores to guide the escalation of patient care. At the small, poorly resourced hospitals, the EWSs appear to be used proactively to predict patient deterioration and prevent adverse patient events. At these small regional/rural hospitals, staff appear to respond early to changes in the patients’ vital signs, transferring patients out to a better resource facility before triggering an emergency threshold score on the EWS. In conclusion, an aggregated weighted EWS, such as Compass, or a combination EWS such as the new MOD-6 EWS should be considered for implementation in the small, poorly resourced private hospitals. The best indicators of patients requiring transfer out to a higher level of care in this patient cohort are the use of supplementary oxygen and those with tachycardia. Findings from this research will inform nursing practice in small, poorly resourced regional/rural hospitals and positively contribute to patient safety.

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Più fonti

Libri sul tema "Medical and Health Sciences not elsewhere classified"

University, Oregon Health Sciences. Classified and management service employee handbook. Portland, Or: Oregon Health Sciences University, 1987.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Medical and Health Sciences not elsewhere classified"

Sarbaz, Masoumeh, Seyyedeh Fatemeh Mousavi Baigi, Parviz Marouzi, Seyyed Mojtaba Hashemi Hasani e Khalil Kimiafar. "Type and Number of Errors of the Iranian Electronic Health Record (SEPAS) in Hospitals Affiliated with Mashhad University of Medical Sciences". In Studies in Health Technology and Informatics. IOS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/shti220736.

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Abstract (sommario):

This study aims to identify the type and number of errors in the Iranian Electronic Health Record System (SEPAS) in hospitals affiliated with Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS). A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted to specify the errors done by SEPAS in the first half of 2019, based on the type and number of errors in 26 hospitals affiliated with MUMS that were connected to the SEPAS system. SEPAS system errors were classified into four categories: identity errors, clinical errors, administrative-financial and technical errors. The most important errors that occurred in the SEPAS system included non-authentication errors in Hospital Information System (HIS), non-service records, and invalid national code, respectively. Therefore, hospital administrators and information system developers must make an effort to prevent such errors.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Medical and Health Sciences not elsewhere classified"

Ogechi, Nnenna Okereke, Rosa Maria Ortega, Dr. Ramos e Philomena Akpoveso Oke-Oghene. "Prevalence of Depression Among Medical Students Of The American International University, West Africa". In 28th iSTEAMS Multidisciplinary Research Conference AIUWA The Gambia. Society for Multidisciplinary and Advanced Research Techniques - Creative Research Publishers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22624/aims/isteams-2021/v28n2p13.

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Background: Depression is one of the major mental disorders experienced by people of various age groups and works of life all over the world. Those in the medical field are not excluded. With the intense training and high level of physical, mental and emotional demands placed on medical students, they tend to become depressed. This not only affects their learning process or overall academic performance; it also affects them professionally in the future, which in turn would lead to compromise in patient care. In The Gambia, there is a lack of data on the prevalence of depression and the impacts it has on medical students. Thus, this study assessed the prevalence of depression among students of the American International University West Africa (AIUWA), The Gambia. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among medical students of AIUWA over a two-month period (June to July 2021). A self-structured questionnaire was used to obtain information on sociodemographic characteristics. Diagnosis of depression was assessed using the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). A total of 100 students were included in this study. Data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26. Results: The overall prevalence of depression among the participants was 36%, with PHQ-9 scores ≥ 10. With regards to the severity of depression, 26 (26%), 21 (21%), 11 (11%), and 4(4%) students were classified as having mild, moderate, moderately severe, and severe depression respectively. Efficiency of monthly allowance (p = 0.022, Φ = 0.251, V= 0.251), self-rated academic performance (p = 0.012, Φ = 0.297, V = 0.297) and prior history of depression (p = 0.001, Φ = 0.347, V = 0.347), were independently associated with depression. Conclusion: The prevalence of depression among medical students of the American International University, is high, and is associated with inefficient monthly allowance, consumption of alcohol, average academic performance and prior history of depression. It is recommended that there should be an implementation of a guidance and counseling department within the university., Keywords: Depression, Medical Students, AIUWA, University, West Africa Proceedings Reference Format

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Jugl, Sebastian, Aimalohi Okpeku, Brianna Costales, Earl Morris, Golnoosh Alipour-Harris, Juan Hincapie-Castillo, Nichole Stetten et al. "A Mapping Literature Review of Medical Cannabis Clinical Outcomes and Quality of Evidence in Approved Conditions in the United States, from 2016 to 2019". In 2020 Virtual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana. Research Society on Marijuana, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2021.01.000.25.

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Background: Medical cannabis is available to patients by physician order in two-thirds of the United States (U.S.) as of 2020, but remains classified as an illicit substance by federal law. States that permit medical cannabis ordered by a physician typically require a diagnosed medical condition that is considered qualifying by respective state law. Objectives: To identify and map the most recently (2016-2019) published clinical and scientific literature across approved conditions for medical cannabis, and to evaluate the quality of identified recent systematic reviews. Methods: Literature search was conducted from five databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane, and ClinicalTrials.gov), with expansion and update from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine’s (NASEM) comprehensive evidence review through 2016 of the health effects of cannabis on several conditions. Following consultation with experts and stakeholders, 11 conditions were identified for evidence evaluation: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), autism, cancer, chronic pain, Crohn’s disease, epilepsy, glaucoma, HIV/AIDS, multiple sclerosis (MS), Parkinson’s disease, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The following exclusion criteria were imposed: preclinical focus, non-English language, abstracts only, editorials/commentary, case studies/series, and non-U.S. study setting. Data extracted from studies included: study design type, outcome, intervention, sample size, study setting, and reported effect size. Studies classified as systematic reviews with or without meta-analysis were graded using the AMSTAR-2 tool by two raters to evaluate the quality of evidence, with additional raters to resolve cases of evidence grade disagreement. Results: A total of 438 studies were included after screening. Five completed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were identified, and an additional 11 trials were ongoing, and 1 terminated. Cancer, chronic pain, and epilepsy were the most researched topic areas, representing more than two-thirds of all reviewed studies. The quality of evidence assessment for each condition suggests that few high-quality systematic reviews are available for most conditions, with the exceptions of MS, epilepsy, and chronic pain. In those areas, findings on chronic pain are mostly in alignment with the previous literature, suggesting that cannabis or cannabinoids are potentially beneficial in treating chronic neuropathic pain. In epilepsy, findings suggest that cannabidiol is potentially effective in reducing seizures in pediatric patients with drug-resistant Dravet and Lennox-Gastaut syndromes. In MS, recent high-quality systematic reviews did not include new RCTs, and are therefore not substantially expanding the evidence base. In sum, the most recent clinical evidence suggests that for most of the conditions assessed, we identified few studies of substantial rigor and quality to contribute to the evidence base. However, there are some conditions for which significant evidence suggests that select dosage forms and routes of administration likely have favorable risk-benefit ratios (i.e., epilepsy and chronic pain), with the higher quality of evidence for epilepsy driven by FDA-approved formulations for cannabis-based seizure treatments. Conclusion: The body of evidence for medical cannabis requires more rigorous evaluation before consideration as a treatment option for many conditions and evidence necessary to inform policy and treatment guidelines is currently insufficient for many conditions.

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