Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Mechanical wounding"
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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Mechanical wounding"
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Wanderley, Lêdia Feitosa, Karla Lílian Rodrigues Batista, Jorgiane Furtado de Carvalho, Aldilene da Silva Lima, Gabriel Alves Landulfo, Alexandra Martins dos Santos Soares e Livio Martins Costa Junior. "The first assessment of the stress inducible defense of Leucaena leucocephala with acaricidal potential effect against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae)". Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária 26, n. 2 (giugno 2017): 171–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-29612017026.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Plants respond to wounding caused by mechanical stress or herbivory by synthesizing defense proteins. There are no studies reporting the action of induced plant proteins against ticks. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of mechanically wounded Leucaena leucocephala leaves against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. Initially, we carried out time course experiments to evaluate the impact of mechanical wounding on the protein content and the peroxidase, catalase and protease inhibitor activities in L. leucocephala. We then evaluated the acaricidal activity on R. (B.) microplus from protein extract collected from L. leucocephala after mechanical wounding. L. leucocephala leaves were artificially wounded, and after 6, 12, 24 and 48h, the leaves were collected for protein extraction. Quantitative and qualitative analyses of the proteins were performed. The protein content and peroxidase and protease activities increased 12h after wounding, and the acaricidal activity of this protein extract was evaluated using engorged R. (B.) microplus females. The protein extract obtained after wounding reduced egg production (8.5%) compared to those without wounding. Furthermore, the extract reduced egg hatching by 47.7% and showed an overall efficacy of 56.3% at 0.1 mgP/mL of the protein. We demonstrated that L. leucocephala defensive proteins could be effective against R. (B.) microplus.
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Palaniswamy, P., e R. J. Lamb. "WOUND-INDUCED ANTIXENOTIC RESISTANCE TO FLEA BEETLES, PHYLLOTRETA CRUCIFERAE (GOEZE) (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE), IN CRUCIFERS". Canadian Entomologist 125, n. 5 (ottobre 1993): 903–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent125903-5.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractLaboratory experiments were conducted to determine the effect of wounding the cotyledons of Sinapis alba L. cv. Ochre, Brassica napus L. cv. Westar, B. rapa L. cv. Tobin, and C8711, a selection from Tobin, on subsequent feeding damage by the flea beetle, Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze). Cotyledons of 7-day-old seedlings were wounded either by puncturing them with needles (mechanical wounding) or by exposing them to flea beetles. One, 2, or 9 days following wounding, the wounded and unwounded seedlings were exposed to flea beetles and the feeding damage was estimated as a measure of antixenosis. Mechanical wounding of one of the cotyledons with 96 needle punctures induced a significant reduction in the damage of the unwounded cotyledons of S. alba, 1 or 2 days following wounding. True leaves of the wounded seedlings also showed consistently less damage than unwounded controls, 9 days following wounding. In S. alba, all three levels of mechanical wounding (i.e. 6, 24, or 96 punctures per cotyledon) reduced subsequent flea beetle damage to a similar extent. Wrapping a cotyledon of S. alba with a plastic film produced an effect similar to wounding it with needles. As with mechanical wounding, flea beetle wounding also reduced subsequent flea beetle damage in S. alba. Other plant species (B. napus and B. rapa) tested showed no measurable induced effects on subsequent feeding damage.
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Cao, Chuan Wang, Ling Ma, Shan Chun Yan e Zhi Ying Wang. "Effects of Lymantria dispar Feeding and Wounding on Phenyalanine Ammonia-Lyase in Populus simonii × P. nigra". Advanced Materials Research 183-185 (gennaio 2011): 323–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.183-185.323.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In plants, phenyalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) has been related to defense mechanisms against insect feeding and wounding, and its role was investigated in poplar (Populus simonii × P. nigra) regarding induction by third-instar Lymantria dispar larvae feeding and punching mechanical wounding. The activity and mRNA expression level of PAL was evaluated during time courses in relation to L. dispar feeding and mechanical wounding. The constitutive levels of PAL activity in healthy poplar showed no significant differences during 72 h. L. dispar feeding and mechanical wounding caused different responses of protein and transcript levels of PAL. PAL was obviously induced by L. dispar feeding during a 24-72 h period. For mechanical wounding, activity and mRNA expression level of PAL were not significant induced but were mostly inhibited. The results suggested PAL gene may be significantly related to poplar defense against L. dispar attack.
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Kostenyuk, Igor A., e Jacqueline K. Burns. "Mechanical wounding and abscission in citrus". Physiologia Plantarum 122, n. 3 (novembre 2004): 354–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.2004.00408.x.
Testo completo
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Chen, Qi, Yan Jin, Xiaorui Guo, Mingyuan Xu, Guanyun Wei, Xueyan Lu e Zhonghua Tang. "Metabolomic responses to the mechanical wounding of Catharanthus roseus’ upper leaves". PeerJ 11 (20 marzo 2023): e14539. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14539.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Purpose Plant secondary metabolites are used to treat various human diseases. However, it is difficult to produce a large number of specific metabolites, which largely limits their medicinal applications. Many methods, such as drought and nutrient application, have been used to induce the biosynthetic production of secondary metabolites. Among these secondary metabolite-inducing methods, mechanical wounding maintains the composition of secondary metabolites with little potential risk. However, the effects of mechanical stress have not been fully investigated, and thus this method remains widely unused. Methods In this study, we used metabolomics to investigate the metabolites produced in the upper and lower leaves of Catharanthus roseus in response to mechanical wounding. Results In the upper leaves, 13 different secondary metabolites (three terpenoid indole alkaloids and 10 phenolic compounds) were screened using an orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) score plot. The mechanical wounding of different plant parts affected the production of secondary metabolites. Specifically, when lower leaves were mechanically wounded, the upper leaves became a strong source of resources. Conversely, when upper leaves were injured, the upper leaves themselves became a resource sink. Changes in the source-sink relationship reflected a new balance between resource tradeoff and the upregulation or downregulation of certain metabolic pathways. Conclusion Our findings suggest that mechanical wounding to specific plant parts is a novel approach to increase the biosynthetic production of specific secondary metabolites. These results indicate the need for a reevaluation of production practices for secondary metabolites from select commercial plants.
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Li, Li, Xuemei He, Jian Sun, Changbao Li, Dongning Ling, Jinfeng Sheng, Fengjin Zheng et al. "Responses of Phospholipase D and Antioxidant System to Mechanical Wounding in Postharvest Banana Fruits". Journal of Food Quality 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/8347306.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Banana fruits are susceptible to mechanical damage. The present study was to investigate the responses of phospholipase D (PLD) and antioxidant system to mechanical wounding in postharvest banana fruits. During 16 d storage at 25°C and 90% relative humidity, PLD activity in wounded fruits was significantly higher than that in control (without artificial wounding fruits). The higher value of PLD mRNA was found in wounded fruits than in control. PLD mRNA expression reached the highest peak on day 4 in both groups, but it was 2.67 times in wounded fruits compared to control at that time, indicating that PLD gene expression was activated in response to wounding stress. In response to wounding stress, the higher lipoxygenase (LOX) activity was observed and malondialdehyde (MDA) production was accelerated. The activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in wounded fruits were significantly higher than those in control. The concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide anion (O2•-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in fruits increased under mechanical wounding. The above results provided a basis for further investigating the mechanism of postharvest banana fruits adapting to environmental stress.
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Goto, Taichi, Gojiro Nakagami, Takeo Minematsu, Masamichi Shinoda e Hiromi Sanada. "Measurement of mechanical withdrawal threshold on full-thickness cutaneous wounds in rats using the von Frey test". Journal of Wound Care 28, n. 11 (2 novembre 2019): 762–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/jowc.2019.28.11.762.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Objective: A method for measuring mechanical withdrawal threshold of full-thickness cutaneous wound pain in animal models is lacking. This study aimed to confirm the validity and reactivity of the von Frey test in full-thickness cutaneous wounds in rats. Method: A 1.5cm-diameter wound was established on the dorsal areas of male Sprague-Dawley rats and subcutaneously injected with either morphine hydrochloride (5.0mg/kg) or indomethacin (2.5mg/kg) with a 27-gauge needle on day three post-wounding. On day five post-wounding, an injection of morphine hydrochloride, indomethacin or lambda-carrageenan (1.0%) into the granulation tissue was also administered. The withdrawal threshold of mechanical stimulation of the wound edge was compared in each group before treatment with injection and at two, four, eight and 24 hours after injection. Results: A total of 40 rats were used in the study. Since more severe inflammation in and around the wound was induced on day three post-wounding than that of day five, the withdrawal threshold measured on day three post-wounding was significantly lower than that of day five. The decrease of the withdrawal threshold was depressed by morphine hydrochloride and indomethacin treatment on day three post-wounding. While there was no significant difference between the changes in the withdrawal threshold after indomethacin treatment on day five post-wounding, we observed an increased withdrawal threshold after morphine hydrochloride treatment and decreased withdrawal threshold after lambda-carrageenan treatment on day five post-wounding. Conclusion: The results suggest that the von Frey test can be applied to measure the mechanical withdrawal threshold of full-thickness dorsal wounds in rats.
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Galati, Gianni, Anthony Gandin, Yves Jolivet, Romain Larbat e Alain Hehn. "Untargeted Metabolomics Approach Reveals Diverse Responses of Pastinaca Sativa to Ozone and Wounding Stresses". Metabolites 9, n. 7 (23 luglio 2019): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo9070153.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Stresses such as wounding or atmospheric pollutant exposure have a significant impact on plant fitness. Since it has been widely described that the metabolome directly reflects plant physiological status, a way to assess this impact is to perform a global metabolomic analysis. In this study, we investigated the effect of two abiotic stresses (mechanical wounding and ozone exposure) on parsnip metabolic balance using a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based untargeted metabolomic approach. For this purpose, parsnip leaves were submitted to an acute ozone exposure or were mechanically wounded and sampled 24, 48, and 72 h post-treatment. Multivariate and univariate statistical analyses highlighted numerous differentially-accumulated metabolic features as a function of time and treatment. Mechanical wounding led to a more differentiated response than ozone exposure. We found that the levels of coumarins and fatty acyls increased in wounded leaves, while flavonoid concentration decreased in the same conditions. These results provide an overview of metabolic destabilization through differentially-accumulated compounds and provide a better understanding of global plant metabolic changes in defense mechanisms.
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Németh, Zsuzsanna, Flóra Demeter, József Dobó, Péter Gál e László Cervenak. "Complement MASP-1 Modifies Endothelial Wound Healing". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, n. 7 (5 aprile 2024): 4048. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms25074048.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Endothelial wound-healing processes are fundamental for the maintenance and restoration of the circulatory system and are greatly affected by the factors present in the blood. We have previously shown that the complement protein mannan-binding lectin-associated serine protease-1 (MASP-1) induces the proinflammatory activation of endothelial cells and is able to cooperate with other proinflammatory activators. Our aim was to investigate the combined effect of mechanical wounding and MASP-1 on endothelial cells. Transcriptomic analysis showed that MASP-1 alters the expression of wound-healing-related and angiogenesis-related genes. Both wounding and MASP-1 induced Ca2+ mobilization when applied individually. However, MASP-1-induced Ca2+ mobilization was inhibited when the treatment was preceded by wounding. Mechanical wounding promoted CREB phosphorylation, and the presence of MASP-1 enhanced this effect. Wounding induced ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression on endothelial cells, and MASP-1 pretreatment further increased VCAM-1 levels. MASP-1 played a role in the subsequent stages of angiogenesis, facilitating the breakdown of the endothelial capillary network on Matrigel®. Our findings extend our general understanding of endothelial wound healing and highlight the importance of complement MASP-1 activation in wound-healing processes.
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Kang, Ji-Nam, Woo-Haeng Lee, So Youn Won, Saemin Chang, Jong-Pil Hong, Tae-Jin Oh, Si Myung Lee e Sang-Ho Kang. "Systemic Expression of Genes Involved in the Plant Defense Response Induced by Wounding in Senna tora". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, n. 18 (17 settembre 2021): 10073. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms221810073.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Wounds in tissues provide a pathway of entry for pathogenic fungi and bacteria in plants. Plants respond to wounding by regulating the expression of genes involved in their defense mechanisms. To analyze this response, we investigated the defense-related genes induced by wounding in the leaves of Senna tora using RNA sequencing. The genes involved in jasmonate and ethylene biosynthesis were strongly induced by wounding, as were a large number of genes encoding transcription factors such as ERFs, WRKYs, MYBs, bHLHs, and NACs. Wounding induced the expression of genes encoding pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins, such as PR-1, chitinase, thaumatin-like protein, cysteine proteinase inhibitor, PR-10, and plant defensin. Furthermore, wounding led to the induction of genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis and the accumulation of kaempferol and quercetin in S. tora leaves. All these genes were expressed systemically in leaves distant from the wound site. These results demonstrate that mechanical wounding can lead to a systemic defense response in the Caesalpinioideae, a subfamily of the Leguminosae. In addition, a co-expression analysis of genes induced by wounding provides important information about the interactions between genes involved in plant defense responses.
Tesi sul tema "Mechanical wounding"
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Carter, Lauralyn B. "Induction of phototoxic acetylenes in carthamus tinctorius by mechanical wounding". FIU Digital Commons, 1999. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2061.
Testo completo
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Han, Yuanhuai. "Molecular analysis of post-harvest physiological deterioration of cassava". Thesis, University of Bath, 2000. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323591.
Testo completo
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Zabaras, Dimitrios, University of Western Sydney, of Science Technology and Environment College e of Science Food and Horticulture School. "Determination of induced changes in foliar emissions of terpene-accumulating plants". THESIS_CSTE_SFH_Zabaras_D.xml, 2003. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/809.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Stress-induced changes in the emissions of volatiles from many economically-important plants have been demonstrated in studies over the past decade. Plants such as cotton and corn change both the composition and concentration of their emissions when subjected to wounding, herbivory and pathogen attack. Terpene-accumulating plants have been overlooked as potential objects of such studies although work on conifers has shown that species rich in constitutive defences can also exhibit induced responses. The aim of this study was to investigate whether terpene-accumulating plants respond to stress by altering their foliar emissions qualitatively and/or quantitatively. Species examined included Salvia officinalis (common sage), Melaleuca alternifolia (Australian tea tree) and Ocimum minimum (Bush basil). An experimental design was developed to eliminate factors such as leaf ontogeny that can affect the obtained results and complicate their interpretation. Small-scale solvent extraction and HS-SPME-based techniques were also developed; they enabled the quantitative determination of treatment-induced changes over periods ranging from 10 minutes to 6 months. Treatment of plants included mechanical wounding, herbivory, pathogen attack and chemical elicitation. Overall, statistically significant induced-changes were observed for both leaf-oil composition and concentration. The response of the different species used varied. O. minimum exhibited the greatest compositional changes whilst M. alternifolia was the only species for which oil-concentration changes were observed. The demonstrated changes were not as great as those reported in similar studies with non-terpene producing plants. The results indicate that the high metabolic costs associated with the production and storage of constitutive defences may be responsible for the limited induction of further defensive responsesDoctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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Li, Guanjun [Verfasser], Wilhelm [Gutachter] Boland e Nicole van [Gutachter] Dam. "Gene regulation in plant herbivory defense : deffect of insect mechanical wounding and chemical oral secretion factors / Guanjun Li ; Gutachter: Wilhelm Boland, Nicole van Dam". Jena : Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1177597373/34.
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Karsch, Susanne [Verfasser], Andreas [Akademischer Betreuer] Janshoff, Andreas [Gutachter] Janshoff, Jörg [Gutachter] Großhans, Sarah [Gutachter] Köster, Florian [Gutachter] Rehfeldt, Silvio [Gutachter] Rizzoli e Thomas [Gutachter] Burg. "Collective Mechanical Behavior of Epithelial Cells - The Impact of Micro-Wounding / Susanne Karsch ; Gutachter: Andreas Janshoff, Jörg Großhans, Sarah Köster, Florian Rehfeldt, Silvio Rizzoli, Thomas Burg ; Betreuer: Andreas Janshoff". Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1189419521/34.
Testo completo
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Galati, Gianni. "Étude de la synthèse des furocoumarines chez le panais par des approches d'ingénierie métabolique et de multi-omique". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0065/document.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Les plantes sont soumises durant leur vie à de nombreux stress environnementaux. Face à ces contraintes, les végétaux ont développé au cours de l'évolution différentes stratégies. La plus emblématique est la mise en place du métabolisme spécialisé, représenté par une grande diversité chimique et fonctionnelle. Bien que ce métabolisme soit de plus en plus étudié ces dernières années, de nombreuses lacunes persistes à son propos, liées notamment (i) à la complexité des modifications métabolomiques engendrées par la perception de stress, (ii) aux coûts et avantages que ces métabolites imputent à la plante les accumulant, et (iii) aux voies métaboliques menant à cette diversité de composés. Pour appréhender ces différentes problématiques, nous avons adopté une stratégie combinant des approches de phytochimie, de biologie moléculaire et de génétique. Dans un premier temps, nous avons étudié les changements métaboliques globaux engendrés par l’application de deux stress environnementaux, l’ozone et la blessure mécanique, sur une plante modèle au laboratoire, le panais, en fonction du temps. Les résultats de ces travaux nous ont permis d’identifier 40 métabolites différentiellement accumulés dans ces conditions, dont certaines furocoumarines. Par la suite, nous avons focalisé notre étude sur ces molécules en évaluant leurs profils d’accumulation, en condition de stress par blessures mécaniques, par la biais d’analyses différentielles. A partir de ces données, nous avons initié la recherche et l'identification de gènes candidats potentiellement impliqués dans cette voie à partir de plusieurs banques transcriptomiques et génomiques de panais. La fonction des gènes sélectionnés a été évalué par des approches d'expression hétérologue dans la levure. En parallèle de ces travaux, nous avons développé une stratégie destinée à mieux comprendre le coût métabolique de la synthèse de métabolites spécialisés. Pour ce faire, nous avons adapté aux furocoumarines une technique de clonage multigénique permettant de transférer dans une plante, et en une seule opération, plusieurs gènes impliqués dans la même voie de biosynthèse. Cette méthode nous a permis d'initier la génération de lignées stables ayant intégré les deux premiers gènes de la voie. Ces plantes seront comparées à des plantes sauvages et permettront ainsi d’étudier les coûts métaboliques et physiologiques de l’introduction de cette nouvelle voie de biosynthèse ainsi que ses bénéfices en termes de défense de la plantePlants are subjected to many environmental stresses during their life. Faced with these constraints, plants have developed different strategies during their evolution. The most emblematic is the establishment of a specialized metabolism, represented by a great chemical and functional diversity. Although this metabolism has been studied more and more in recent years, many gaps remain, related in particular (i) to the complexity of the metabolomic changes generated by the perception of stress, (ii) to the costs and benefits that these metabolites impute to the producing plant, and (iii) to the metabolic pathways leading to the diversity of compounds. To cope with these different issues, we adopted a strategy combining approaches of phytochemistry, molecular biology and genetics. First, we studied global metabolic changes caused by the application of two environmental stresses, ozone and mechanical wounding, on parsnip. The obtained results allowed us to identify 40 metabolites differentially accumulated under these conditions, including some furocoumarins. Subsequently, we focused our study on these molecules by evaluating their accumulation profiles under mechanical wounding stress condition, using differential analyzes. From this data, we initiated the search and identification of candidate genes potentially involved in this pathway based on transcriptomic and genomic parsnip libraries analyses. The function of the selected genes was evaluated by heterologous expression approach in yeast. In parallel to this work, we have developed a strategy to better understand the metabolic cost of specialized metabolites synthesis. To do this, we have adapted a multigene cloning method to furocoumarines, allowing to transfer several genes involved in the same pathway in a plant, in a single operation. This method allowed us to initiate the generation of stable lines having integrated the first two genes of the pathway. These plants will be compared to wild plants and will thus allow to study the metabolic and physiological costs of the introduction of this new biosynthetic pathway and its benefits in terms of plant defense
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Galati, Gianni. "Étude de la synthèse des furocoumarines chez le panais par des approches d'ingénierie métabolique et de multi-omique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0065.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Les plantes sont soumises durant leur vie à de nombreux stress environnementaux. Face à ces contraintes, les végétaux ont développé au cours de l'évolution différentes stratégies. La plus emblématique est la mise en place du métabolisme spécialisé, représenté par une grande diversité chimique et fonctionnelle. Bien que ce métabolisme soit de plus en plus étudié ces dernières années, de nombreuses lacunes persistes à son propos, liées notamment (i) à la complexité des modifications métabolomiques engendrées par la perception de stress, (ii) aux coûts et avantages que ces métabolites imputent à la plante les accumulant, et (iii) aux voies métaboliques menant à cette diversité de composés. Pour appréhender ces différentes problématiques, nous avons adopté une stratégie combinant des approches de phytochimie, de biologie moléculaire et de génétique. Dans un premier temps, nous avons étudié les changements métaboliques globaux engendrés par l’application de deux stress environnementaux, l’ozone et la blessure mécanique, sur une plante modèle au laboratoire, le panais, en fonction du temps. Les résultats de ces travaux nous ont permis d’identifier 40 métabolites différentiellement accumulés dans ces conditions, dont certaines furocoumarines. Par la suite, nous avons focalisé notre étude sur ces molécules en évaluant leurs profils d’accumulation, en condition de stress par blessures mécaniques, par la biais d’analyses différentielles. A partir de ces données, nous avons initié la recherche et l'identification de gènes candidats potentiellement impliqués dans cette voie à partir de plusieurs banques transcriptomiques et génomiques de panais. La fonction des gènes sélectionnés a été évalué par des approches d'expression hétérologue dans la levure. En parallèle de ces travaux, nous avons développé une stratégie destinée à mieux comprendre le coût métabolique de la synthèse de métabolites spécialisés. Pour ce faire, nous avons adapté aux furocoumarines une technique de clonage multigénique permettant de transférer dans une plante, et en une seule opération, plusieurs gènes impliqués dans la même voie de biosynthèse. Cette méthode nous a permis d'initier la génération de lignées stables ayant intégré les deux premiers gènes de la voie. Ces plantes seront comparées à des plantes sauvages et permettront ainsi d’étudier les coûts métaboliques et physiologiques de l’introduction de cette nouvelle voie de biosynthèse ainsi que ses bénéfices en termes de défense de la plantePlants are subjected to many environmental stresses during their life. Faced with these constraints, plants have developed different strategies during their evolution. The most emblematic is the establishment of a specialized metabolism, represented by a great chemical and functional diversity. Although this metabolism has been studied more and more in recent years, many gaps remain, related in particular (i) to the complexity of the metabolomic changes generated by the perception of stress, (ii) to the costs and benefits that these metabolites impute to the producing plant, and (iii) to the metabolic pathways leading to the diversity of compounds. To cope with these different issues, we adopted a strategy combining approaches of phytochemistry, molecular biology and genetics. First, we studied global metabolic changes caused by the application of two environmental stresses, ozone and mechanical wounding, on parsnip. The obtained results allowed us to identify 40 metabolites differentially accumulated under these conditions, including some furocoumarins. Subsequently, we focused our study on these molecules by evaluating their accumulation profiles under mechanical wounding stress condition, using differential analyzes. From this data, we initiated the search and identification of candidate genes potentially involved in this pathway based on transcriptomic and genomic parsnip libraries analyses. The function of the selected genes was evaluated by heterologous expression approach in yeast. In parallel to this work, we have developed a strategy to better understand the metabolic cost of specialized metabolites synthesis. To do this, we have adapted a multigene cloning method to furocoumarines, allowing to transfer several genes involved in the same pathway in a plant, in a single operation. This method allowed us to initiate the generation of stable lines having integrated the first two genes of the pathway. These plants will be compared to wild plants and will thus allow to study the metabolic and physiological costs of the introduction of this new biosynthetic pathway and its benefits in terms of plant defense
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Chen, Yung-Tai, e 陳永泰. "Effect of Mechanical Wounding on Lignin Biosynthesis in Soybean Hypocotyls". Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/28504007876572180232.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
碩士國立中山大學
生物科學系研究所
91
In our study, the decrease of H2O2 levels in wounding-treated tissues of soybean ( Glycine Max ) hypocotyls is accompanied by the enhancement of the POD activity. The POD activity was significantly enhanced 0.5 d after wounding treatment. The laccase activity was significantly enhanced 1-2 d after wounding treatment. The enhancement of POD by mechanical wounding occurred a day earlier than laccase. The increase in activities of POD and laccase is correlated with a rise in lignin contents in wounding-treated tissues. We suggest that in control tissues, laccase might play major role on the lignin biosynthesis, hence, POD by utilizing H2O2 play the major role on the lignin biosynthesis during the wounding process.
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Dai, Nai-Chiang, e 戴乃強. "Regulation of mechanical wounding induced expression of sucrose transporter gene OsSUT4". Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/68615673462906640216.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
碩士國立臺灣大學
農藝學研究所
101
Plants are often suffered by wounding stresses caused by biotic and abiotic factors during growth and development, and they will modulate physiological and metabolic behavior to process repair and defense responses. Sugars play an important role to provide carbon and energy source for healing at wound site. The expression of OsSUT4 gene, one of rice sucrose transporter family member, was significantly enhanced by mechanical woundsing and Spodoptera litura chewing stimuli. However, when rice plants was attacked by sap-sucking pest, i.e. Nilaparvata lugens, OsSUT4 gene expression in rice culm was down-regulated. In addition to OsSUT4 expression, the transcript levels of the cell wall invertase gene (OsCIN1) and monosaccharide transporter gene (OsMST6) were also increased in mechanical wounding-treated rice plants. Expression of OsSUT4 can be promoted by exogenous jasmonate (JA) and ethylene. Furthermore, if JA biosynthesis pathway was blocked, the wound-induced OsSUT4 expression would be repressed. In addition, since NADPH oxidase inhibitor treatment can reduce the wounding effect on OsSUT4 expression, H2O2 was considered to function as a signal factor involved to the regulatory pathway of wound-regulated OsSUT4 expression. According to OsSUT4 promoter activity analysis in transgenic rice plants, it was suggested that the wounding-responsive element on OsSUT4 promoter was located at the region within 248 bp upstream of the translation start codon.
10
Karsch, Susanne. "Collective Mechanical Behavior of Epithelial Cells - The Impact of Micro-Wounding". Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/21.11130/00-1735-0000-0003-C13C-0.
Testo completoCapitoli di libri sul tema "Mechanical wounding"
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Herde, Marco, Abraham J. K. Koo e Gregg A. Howe. "Elicitation of Jasmonate-Mediated Defense Responses by Mechanical Wounding and Insect Herbivory". In Methods in Molecular Biology, 51–61. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-414-2_5.
Testo completo
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Larrieu, Antoine, Trang Hieu Nguyen e Antony Champion. "Use of Fluorescent Reporters to Analyse Dynamic and Spatial Responses to Mechanical Wounding". In Jasmonate in Plant Biology, 161–68. New York, NY: Springer US, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0142-6_12.
Testo completoAtti di convegni sul tema "Mechanical wounding"
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Zhang, Jiangyue, Narayan Yoganandan, Frank A. Pintar e Thomas A. Gennarelli. "Finite Element Analysis of Penetrating Head Injury". In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-42978.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The objective of this study is to biomechanical quantify the intracranial displacement and pressure distributions associated with civilian projectiles to advance clinical understanding of the pathophysiological consequences of penetrating head injuries. A finite element head model was developed in an attempt to investigate the penetrating processes and brain injury mechanisms. Two geometrical shapes of projectiles (flat and pinpoint headed) were considered for penetration. They were modeled as rigid bodies (6.5 and 9 g) impacting at an initial velocity of 300 m/s. The head was modeled as a spherical skull with left and right hemispheres. Material properties and damage criteria for the skull and brain were based on literature. The penetration process was modeled with eroding contact surface method with LS-DYNA. Elements considered damaged were removed from further computation when the stress or strain reached their thresholds. Temporal displacement and pressure distributions are described. The effects of projectile type on the wounding pattern are discussed. The entry location responded with higher magnitudes of displacement than other locations (e.g., exit, mid brain). The flat head projectile penetration resulted in higher magnitudes of pressure and displacement than the pinpoint projectile in the entire skull-brain system. The finite element analysis provides a quantitative understanding of the localized intrinsic responses secondary to projectile penetration.
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MA, WEI-ZHE, DA-BIN LU, WEN-MIN YAN, SHU WANG e RUI-MIN MAI. "STUDY ON THE PENETRATION PROTECTION MECHANISM OF SNIPER PROJECTILE". In 32ND INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON BALLISTICS. Destech Publications, Inc., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/ballistics22/36198.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In recent years, countries have carried out the development of high precision sniper rifle system work, put forward very high requirements for the system precision, so most of the high precision lead was a sniper rifle cartridge adopted structure. By using specific technology and structure, its wounding effect on protected living target is completely different from that of ordinary rifle cartridge. Therefore, this paper will establish a mechanical model suitable for sniper shells to penetrate living targets under individual protection. This paper studies the mechanism of penetration and theoretical mechanical model. On the one hand, the experiment of NIJ II soft protection gelatin target penetrated by lead sniper bullets was carried out. The experimental data of internal pressure of gelatin were obtained by speed test system, highspeed photography, pressure sensor and other experimental equipment, and the fiber destruction form of NIJ II soft protection, deformation and destruction form of lead warhead, and the response of gelatin target under penetration and obtuse attack were analyzed. On the other hand, a theoretical mechanical model was constructed. Energy conservation law was used to decompose the energy in the whole process of projectile penetration target, including deformation energy of projectile, absorption energy of protection and absorption energy of gelatin target. Then the above three energies were refined, and the stress and fiber constitutive model were introduced. By comparing the experimental data and theoretical calculation value, can verify the mechanics model.
Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Mechanical wounding"
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Whitecloud, Simone, Holly VerMeulen, Franz Lichtner, Nadia Podpora, Timothy Cooke, Christopher Williams, Michael Musty, Irene MacAllister e Jason Dorvee. Understanding plant volatiles for environmental awareness : chemical composition in response to natural light cycles and wounding. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), novembre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45961.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Plants emit a bouquet of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in response to both biotic and abiotic stresses and, simultaneously, eavesdrop on emit-ted signals to activate direct and indirect defenses. By gaining even a slight insight into the semantics of interplant communications, a unique aware-ness of the operational environment may be obtainable (e.g., knowledge of a disturbance within). In this effort, we used five species of plants, Arabidopsis thaliana, Panicum virgatum, Festuca rubra, Tradescantia zebrina, and Achillea millefolium, to produce and query VOCs emitted in response to mechanical wounding and light cycles. These plants provide a basis for further investigation in this communication system as they span model organisms, common house plants, and Arctic plants. The VOC com-position was complex; our parameter filtering often enabled us to reduce the noise to fewer than 50 compounds emitted over minutes to hours in a day. We were able to detect and measure the plant response through two analytical methods. This report documents the methods used, the data collected, and the analyses performed on the VOCs to determine if they can be used to increase environmental awareness of the battlespace.
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Barg, Rivka, Kendal D. Hirschi, Avner Silber, Gozal Ben-Hayyim, Yechiam Salts e Marla Binzel. Combining Elevated Levels of Membrane Fatty Acid Desaturation and Vacuolar H+ -pyrophosphatase Activity for Improved Drought Tolerance. United States Department of Agriculture, dicembre 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7613877.bard.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background to the topic: In previous works we have shown that Arabidopsis and tomato over-expressing H+-pyrophosphatase show increased tolerance to drought imposed by withholding irrigation of young plants in pots (Park et al. 2005). In addition, young tobacco plants over-expressing fatty acid desaturase 3 (OEX-FAD3) also showed increasing tolerance to drought stress (Zhang et al 2005), and similarly OEX-FAD3 young tomato plants (unpublished data from ARO), hence raising the possibility that pyramiding the two could further improve drought tolerance in tomato. Based on these findings the specific objects originally set were: 1. To analyze the impact of pyramiding transgenes for enhanced fatty acid desaturation and for elevated H+-PPase activity on tomato yielding under water deficit stress conditions. 2. To elucidate the biochemical relationship between elevated desaturation of the membrane lipids and the activities of selected vacuolar transporters in the context of drought responses. 3. To explore the S. pennellii introgression lines as alternative genetic sources for drought tolerance related to enhanced fatty acid desaturation and/or H+-PPase activity. 4. Since OEX-FAD3 increases the levels of linolenic acid which is the precursor of various oxylipins including the stress hormone Jasmonate. (JA), study of the effect of this transgene on tolerance to herbivore pests was added as additional goal. The Major conclusions, solutions, and achievements are: (1) The facts that ectopic over-expression of vacuolarH+-PPases (in line OEX-AVP1) does not change the fatty acid profile compared to the parental MoneyMaker (MM) line and that elevated level of FA desaturation (by OEX-FAD3) does not change the activity of either H+-PPase, H+-ATPaseor Ca2+ /H+ antiport, indicate that the observed increased drought tolerance reported before for increase FA desaturation in tobacco plants and increased H+PPase in tomato plants involves different mechanisms. (2) After generating hybrid lines bringing to a common genetic background (i.e. F1 hybrids between line MP-1 and MM) each of the two transgenes separately and the two transgenes together the effect of various drought stress regimes including recovery from a short and longer duration of complete water withhold as well as performance under chronic stresses imposed by reducing water supply to 75-25% of the control irrigation regime could be studied. Under all the tested conditions in Israel, for well established plants grown in 3L pots or larger, none of the transgenic lines exhibited a reproducible significantly better drought tolerance compare to the parental lines. Still, examining the performance of these hybrids under the growth practices followed in the USA is called for. (3) Young seedlings of none of the identified introgression lines including the S. pennellii homologs of two of the H+-PPase genes and one of the FAD7 genes performed better than line M82 upon irrigation withhold. However, differences in the general canopy structures between the IL lines and M82 might mask such differences if existing. (4). Over-expression of FAD3 in the background of line MP-1 was found to confer significant tolerance to three important pest insects in tomato: Bordered Straw (Heliothis peltigera), Egyptian cotton leafworm (Spodoptera littoralis) and Western Flower Thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis). Implications: Although the original hypothesis that pyramiding these two trasgenes could improve drought tolerance was not supported, the unexpected positive impact on herbivore deterring, as well as the changes in dynamics of JA biosynthesis in response to wounding and the profound changes in expression of wound response genes calls for deciphering the exact linolenic acid derived signaling molecule mediating this response. This will further facilitate breeding for herbivore pest and mechanical stress tolerance based on this pathway.