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Meiyasa, F., N. Taringan, K. U. Henggu, Y. R. Tega, S. Ndahawali, K. E. Zulfamy, M. N. B. Saputro e I. Priyastiti. "Biological activities of macroalgae in the Moudulung waters: bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity". Food Research 8, n. 1 (13 gennaio 2024): 82–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.8(1).050.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This study aimed to determine the bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of macroalgae in Moudolung Waters. The bioactive compounds in seven samples of macroalgae were extracted with methanol. Analysis of macroalgae bioactive compounds was carried out qualitatively by determining the presence of bioactive compounds including alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, phenol hydroquinone, and steroids/ terpenoids. antioxidant activity was carried out using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl-hydrate) method. Data were analyzed descriptively using Microsoft Excel and all data are expressed as mean. The results showed that these seven macroalgae species have bioactive compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, phenol hydroquinone, and steroids/terpenoids which function as antioxidants. The highest antioxidant activity was the MA6 (Turbinaria ornate) followed by MA1 (Hormopysa triquetra), MA4 (Ulva flexuosa syn. Enteromorpha flexuosa), MA5 (Eucheuma spinosum), MA2 (Sargassum muticum), MA3 (Gracilaria corticate), and MA7 (Ulva reticulata) were 75.25 mg/mL, 90.31 mg/mL, 134.52 mg/mL, 200.22 mg/mL, 216.91 mg/mL, 259.16 mg/mL, and 270.42 mg/mL, respectively. The results suggested that Turbinaria ornate and Hormopysa triquetra could be used as an important substitute for functional ingredients in foods and pharmaceuticals or nutraceuticals.
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Pitman, David, e Mary L. Cummings. "Collaborative Exploration with a Micro Aerial Vehicle: A Novel Interaction Method for Controlling a MAV with a Hand-Held Device". Advances in Human-Computer Interaction 2012 (2012): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/768180.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In order to collaboratively explore an environment with a Micro Aerial Vehicle (MAV), an operator needs a mobile interface, which can support the operator’s divided attention. To this end, we developed the Micro Aerial Vehicle Exploration of an Unknown Environment (MAV-VUE) interface, which allows operators with minimal training the ability to remotely explore their environment with a MAV. MAV-VUE employs a concept we term Perceived First-Order (PFO) control, which allows an operator to effectively “fly” a MAV with no risk to the vehicle. PFO control utilizes a position feedback control loop to fly the MAV while presenting rate feedback to the operator. A usability study was conducted to evaluate MAV-VUE. This interface was connected remotely to an actual MAV to explore a GPS-simulated urban environment.
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Moore, Martin L., Corrie C. Brown e Katherine R. Spindler. "T Cells Cause Acute Immunopathology and Are Required for Long-Term Survival in Mouse Adenovirus Type 1-Induced Encephalomyelitis". Journal of Virology 77, n. 18 (15 settembre 2003): 10060–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.77.18.10060-10070.2003.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
ABSTRACT Infection of adult C57BL/6 (B6) mice with mouse adenovirus type 1 (MAV-1) results in dose-dependent encephalomyelitis. Utilizing immunodeficient mice, we analyzed the roles of T cells, T-cell subsets, and T-cell-related functions in MAV-1-induced encephalomyelitis. T cells, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I, and perforin contributed to acute disease signs at 8 days postinfection (p.i.). Acute MAV-1-induced encephalomyelitis was absent in mice lacking T cells and in mice lacking perforin. Mice lacking α/β T cells had higher levels of infectious MAV-1 at 8 days, 21 days, and 12 weeks p.i., and these mice succumbed to MAV-1-induced encephalomyelitis at 9 to 16 weeks p.i. Thus, α/β T cells were required for clearance of MAV-1. MAV-1 was cleared in mice lacking perforin, MHC class I or II, CD4+ T cells, or CD8+ T cells. Our results are consistent with a model in which either CD8+ or CD4+ T cells are sufficient for clearance of MAV-1. Furthermore, perforin contributed to MAV-1 disease but not viral clearance. We have established two critical roles for T cells in MAV-1-induced encephalomyelitis. T cells caused acute immunopathology and were required for long-term host survival of MAV-1 infection.
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Wang, Wei, Feng Wang, Yong Zhou, Yong Cheng, Yu Ze Song e Kenzo Nonami. "Modeling and Embedded Autonomous Control for Quad-Rotor MAV". Applied Mechanics and Materials 130-134 (ottobre 2011): 2461–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.130-134.2461.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This paper presents outdoor fully autonomous control for a Quad-Rotor MAV (Micro Air Vehicle). In case of natural disaster like earthquake, a MAV will be very effective for surveying the site and environment in dangerous area or narrow space, where human cannot access safely. In addition, it will be helpful to prevent secondary disaster. Our Autonomous Rotary-wing MAV is a quad-rotor type MAV which total mass is 660g and is capable of 10 minute outdoor flights. In order to measure the relative position of the MAV, we have installed a sensor-board which includes GPS, gyro, and acceleration sensors on our MAV. So it can achieve fully autonomous flight control with the complete embedded system. We also have installed a wireless camera to our MAV so it can transmit image data to the ground station. This paper describes model based autonomous hovering control, guidance control performance of our quad-rotor MAV.
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Fu, Zhuoqing. "The classification and application of miniature unmanned aerial vehicle". Applied and Computational Engineering 10, n. 1 (25 settembre 2023): 108–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/10/20230154.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Miniature unmanned aerial vehicle (MAV) is more and more widely used in daily life. The small size of MAVs brings them many advantages like high portability and manoeuvrability. MAVs are playing important roles in many aspects because of their own catachrestic and advantages. There are many kinds of MAVs such as single-rotor MAV, multi-rotor MAV, fixed-wing MAV and bionic MAV. Each of them has its own advantages and drawbacks. The applications of them are decided by these characteristics. In order to better design MAV, in this paper, the advantages and disadvantages of the MAVs are analysed. The four most common kinds of MAVs are discussed in this paper. They have differences in structure and characteristics. The differences between these aspects are displayed in this paper. The suitable application scenario for each kind of MAV is provided based on its own peformance characteristics. This paper may offer a reference for MAV design.
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Pagni, C. A., M. Fontanella, F. Nannucci, D. Garbossa, C. Cossandi, M. Bergui, C. Nurisso e G. B. Bradač. "Il trattamento delle malformazioni artero-venose cerebrali". Rivista di Neuroradiologia 15, n. 1 (febbraio 2002): 93–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/197140090201500109.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Dal mese di Novembre 1991 all'Agosto 2001, 115 pazienti sono stati ricoverati per una Malformazione Artero-Venosa (MAV) presso la Clinica Neurochirurgica dell'Università di Torino. Novantaquattro pazienti su 115 (82%) sono stati ricoverati dopo un sanguinamento. Novantaquattro (82%, 82 sanguinanti, 11 non sanguinanti) sono stati sottoposti a vari trattamenti (chirurgico, endovascolare, radiochirurgico o associazioni dei precedenti). Risanguinamento: Nessuno dei 9 pazienti portatori di MAV non sanguinanti e non sottoposti a trattamento per varie ragioni, ha avuto un sanguinamento nel periodo di follow up di 1–10 anni. In 12 pazienti, su 94 che avevano già avuto una emorragia, abbiamo osservato il risanguinamento della MAV (13%). MAV sanguinanti: Sul totale di 82 pazienti trattati, 43 (53%) sono stati dimessi senza deficit neurologici, 19 (23%) con deficit minori, 11 (13%) con gravi deficit neurologici, 9 pazienti sono deceduti (11%). MAV non sanguinanti: Sul totale di 11 casi trattati, 8 sono stati dimessi senza deficit neurologici (73%), 2 casi con deficit minori (18%) e 1 paziente è deceduto (9%). Le tecniche di trattamento sono state variamente combinate. Il trattamento chirurgico è stato associato a buoni risultati nel 50% dei casi, con mortalità dell '8%. Malformazioni artero-venose sanguinanti: ogni tipo di trattamento di una MAV deve mirare alla sua completa esclusione. In generale il nostro comportamento nel trattamento di pazienti con MAV sanguinante è il seguente: - In caso di MAV superficiali, di volume inferiore a 25–30 cm3 e in aree non eloquenti, l'approccio è chirurgico. - In caso di MAV sulla faccia mesiale dell'emisfero o che interessano la regione del cingolo o il corpo calloso, l'esclusione della MAV può essere ottenuta con l'aggressione chirurgica diretta o con la radiochirurgia eventualmente preceduta da parziale embolizzazione. - Le MAV profonde para o intraventricolari o della testa del n. caudato o strio-capsulo-talamiche possono essere trattate chirurgicamente, ma di solito vengono sottoposte a radiochirurgia. - Le MAV in aree eloquenti, se piccole sono sottoposte a radiochirurgia, se di dimensioni maggiori sono dapprima sottoposte ad embolizzazione e successivamente a radiochirurgia. - Le MAV vicine ad aree eloquenti o che in parte le coinvolgono, ad esempio MAV parieto-occipitali corticali o cortico-sottocorticali sono di solito sottoposte a trattamento chirurgico, eventualmente preceduto da un trattamento endovascolare. Malformazioni artero-venose non sanguinanti: in linea generale le MAV di piccolo volume in aree non eloquenti vengono sottoposte al trattamento chirurgico. Se superano i 25–30 cm3 possono essere sottoposte a trattamento endovascolare e successivamente alla chirurgia. Le MAV superiori ai 25–30 cm3 in aree eloquenti, in particolare se irrorate da feeders profonde non vengono di solito sottoposte ad alcun trattamento.
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Shen, Chong, Zesen Bai, Huiliang Cao, Ke Xu, Chenguang Wang, Huaiyu Zhang, Ding Wang, Jun Tang e Jun Liu. "Optical Flow Sensor/INS/Magnetometer Integrated Navigation System for MAV in GPS-Denied Environment". Journal of Sensors 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6105803.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The drift of inertial navigation system (INS) will lead to large navigation error when a low-cost INS is used in microaerial vehicles (MAV). To overcome the above problem, an INS/optical flow/magnetometer integrated navigation scheme is proposed for GPS-denied environment in this paper. The scheme, which is based on extended Kalman filter, combines INS and optical flow information to estimate the velocity and position of MAV. The gyro, accelerator, and magnetometer information are fused together to estimate the MAV attitude when the MAV is at static state or uniformly moving state; and the gyro only is used to estimate the MAV attitude when the MAV is accelerating or decelerating. The MAV flight data is used to verify the proposed integrated navigation scheme, and the verification results show that the proposed scheme can effectively reduce the errors of navigation parameters and improve navigation precision.
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Raman, Sharmila, Tien-Huei Hsu, Shanna L. Ashley e Katherine R. Spindler. "Usage of Integrin and Heparan Sulfate as Receptors for Mouse Adenovirus Type 1". Journal of Virology 83, n. 7 (28 gennaio 2009): 2831–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.02368-08.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
ABSTRACT Adenovirus fiber knobs are the capsid components that interact with binding receptors on cells, while an Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) sequence usually found in the penton base protein is important for the interaction of most adenoviruses with integrin entry receptors. Mouse adenovirus type 1 (MAV-1) lacks an RGD sequence in the virion penton base protein. We tested whether an RGD sequence found in the MAV-1 fiber knob plays a role in infection. Treatment of cells with a competitor RGD peptide or a purified recombinant RGD-containing fiber knob prior to infection resulted in reduced virus yields compared to those of controls, indicating the importance of the RGD sequence for infection. An investigation of the role of integrins as possible receptors showed that MAV-1 yields were reduced in the presence of EDTA, an inhibitor of integrin binding, and in the presence of anti-αv integrin antibody. Moreover, mouse embryo fibroblasts that were genetically deficient in αv integrin yielded less virus, supporting the hypothesis that αv integrin is a likely receptor for MAV-1. We also investigated whether glycosaminoglycans play a role in MAV-1 infection. Preincubation of MAV-1 with heparin, a heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycan analog, resulted in a decrease in MAV-1 virus yields. Reduced MAV-1 infectivity was also found with cells that genetically lack heparan sulfate or cells that were treated with heparinase I. Cumulatively, our data demonstrate that the RGD sequence in the MAV-1 fiber knob plays a role in infection by MAV-1, αv integrin acts as a receptor for the virus, and cell surface heparin sulfate glycosaminoglycans are important in MAV-1 infection.
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Fang, Lei, e Katherine R. Spindler. "E1A-CR3 Interaction-Dependent and -Independent Functions of mSur2 in Viral Replication of Early Region 1A Mutants of Mouse Adenovirus Type 1". Journal of Virology 79, n. 6 (15 marzo 2005): 3267–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.79.6.3267-3276.2005.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
ABSTRACT mSur2, a subunit of the Mediator complex, is required for efficient mouse adenovirus type 1 (MAV-1) replication (L. Fang, J. L. Stevens, A. J. Berk, and K. R. Spindler, J. Virol. 78:12888-12900, 2004). We examined the contributions of early-region 1A (E1A) to mSur2 function in MAV-1 replication with E1A mutant viruses. At a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 1, viruses containing CR3 replicated better in Sur2+/+ mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) than in Sur2−/− MEFs. In contrast, viruses lacking CR3 replicated no better in Sur2+/+ than in Sur2−/− MEFs. This result supports the hypothesis that the E1A CR3-mSur2 interaction is important for MAV-1 replication. However, at an MOI of 0.05, viruses lacking CR3 showed replication defects in Sur2−/− MEFs compared to Sur2+/+ MEFs, suggesting an E1A CR3 interaction-independent function of mSur2 in MAV-1 replication in cell culture. Paradoxically, CR1Δ, CR2Δ, and CR3Δ mutant viruses replicated slightly more efficiently than wild-type (wt) MAV-1 and E1A null mutant viruses in Sur2−/− MEFs at an MOI of 0.05. Coinfection of Sur2−/− MEFs with wt MAV-1 and CR1Δ, CR2Δ, or CR3Δ mutant viruses rescued the defects of wt MAV-1 replication. This result suggests that an inhibiting effect on wt E1A protein expression and/or E1A function might account for the severe viral replication defect of MAV-1 in Sur2−/− MEFs at an MOI of 0.05. Moreover, titrations of virus yields from infected brains of inbred strains of mice showed that E1A null and CR3Δ mutant viruses had a significant defect in virus replication compared to wt MAV-1. This result supports the hypothesis that the MAV-1 E1A-mSur2 interaction is important in MAV-1 replication in mice.
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Gralinski, Lisa E., Shanna L. Ashley, Shandee D. Dixon e Katherine R. Spindler. "Mouse Adenovirus Type 1-Induced Breakdown of the Blood-Brain Barrier". Journal of Virology 83, n. 18 (1 luglio 2009): 9398–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00954-09.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
ABSTRACT Infection with mouse adenovirus type 1 (MAV-1) results in fatal acute encephalomyelitis in susceptible mouse strains via infection of brain endothelial cells. Wild-type (wt) MAV-1 causes less brain inflammation than an early region 3 (E3) null virus in C57BL/6 mice. A mouse brain microvascular endothelial cell line infected with wt MAV-1 had higher expression of mRNAs for the proinflammatory chemokines CCL2 and CCL5 than mock- and E3 null virus-infected cells. Primary mouse brain endothelial cells infected with wt virus had elevated levels of CCL2 compared to mock- or E3 null virus-infected cells. Infection of C57BL/6 mice with wt MAV-1 or the E3 null virus caused a dose-dependent breakdown of the blood-brain barrier, primarily due to direct effects of virus infection rather than inflammation. The tight junction proteins claudin-5 and occludin showed reduced surface expression on primary mouse brain endothelial cells following infection with either wt MAV-1 or the E3 null virus. mRNAs and protein for claudin-5, occludin, and zona occludens 2 were also reduced in infected cells. MAV-1 infection caused a loss of transendothelial electrical resistance in primary mouse brain endothelial cells that was not dependent on E3 or on MAV-1-induced CCL2 expression. Taken together, these results demonstrate that MAV-1 infection caused breakdown of the blood-brain barrier accompanied by decreased surface expression of tight junction proteins. Furthermore, while the MAV-1-induced pathogenesis and inflammation were dependent on E3, MAV-1-induced breakdown of the blood-brain barrier and alteration of endothelial cell function were not dependent on E3 or CCL2.
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dos Santos, Marcio L. T., Zeferino Demartini Júnior, Antonio R. Spotti e Waldir A. Tognola. "Malformações arteriovenosas encefálicas: aspectos morfológicos, clínicos e operatórios: Revisão da literatura". Arquivos Brasileiros de Neurocirurgia: Brazilian Neurosurgery 27, n. 03 (settembre 2008): 90–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1625537.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
ResumoÉ feita revisão da literatura sobre malformações arteriovenosas (MAV) encefálicas. MAV são anomalias morfológicas neurovasculares caracterizadas por comunicação direta entre artérias e veias, sem interposição do leito capilar, portanto sem resistência ao fluxo sanguíneo. Morfologicamente, MAV possuem três componentes distintos: aferências, nidus e eferências. As aferências incluem vasos originados de quaisquer artérias intra ou extracranianas que nutrem as MAV. O nidus corresponde a um enovelado complexo de artérias e veias anormais, unidas por uma ou mais fístulas além de calcificações e aneurismas intranidais. As eferências constituem as drenagens venosas, que podem ser superficial, profunda ou mista. Acidentes vasculares encefálicos (AVE) hemorrágicos são as manifestações mais comuns, ocorrendo em aproximadamente 50% dos casos. O tratamento de MAV pode ser microcirurgia, embolização endovascular, radiocirúrgico estereotáxico, conservador ou multidisciplinar. Ressecção cirúrgica completa de MAV é considerada a melhor opção de tratamento, eliminando risco de futura hemorragia. Apesar do desenvolvimento tecnológico na área de neurocirurgia endovascular nas últimas décadas, a fisiopatologia de MAV e sua história natural ainda não estão bem esclarecidas. O tratamento representa um grande desafio. Acreditamos que estudos sobre complexidade arquitetônica e hemodinâmica de MAV são necessários a fim de estabelecer fatores de risco e prognósticos, melhorando os resultados do tratamento.
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Bui, Van-Dai, Trong-Thang Nguyen, Ngoc-Hoan Than e Duc-Minh Nguyen. "A Suitable Structure to Control the System of Quad-rotor Miniature Aerial Vehicles". International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 9, n. 4 (1 dicembre 2018): 1634. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v9.i4.pp1634-1643.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Miniature Aerial Vehicles with four rotors is called Quad-rotor MAV, popularly used in aspects of life such military, civilian products, processes and remote sensor, etc. In this paper, the authors present the suitable structure of control system for the Quad-rotor MAV. The first, the Six Degrees of Freedom (6 DOF) of the Quad-rotor MAV dynamic model is built. After, the control structure with the single loop is built. But in the single-loop system, only four control signals of Quad-rotor MAV can be controlled, so the Quad-rotor MAV can be reached the height only and keep the stability. However, it is important to note that we have to well-known the orbit of the Quad-rotor MAV flight; the Quad-rotor MAV must fly point-to-point exactly, so the six coordinate variables must be controlled. So, the double loop control structure system is proposed to do that. Finally, the simulation results analysis and the experimental results of the real model are explored to prove the effectiveness of the proposed structure.
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Scienza, R., e G. Pavesi. "MAV cerebrali". Rivista di Neuroradiologia 15, n. 1 (febbraio 2002): 119–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/197140090201500111.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Vi sono 2 motivi per cui la MAV cerebrali si pongono come un problema neurochirurgico particolarmente difficile da affrontare. In primo luogo l'indicazione al trattamento (e con quali metodiche); e in secondo luogo l'obiettiva difficoltà tecnica che queste lesioni presentano alla chirurgia. Quali sono le MAV che si giovano di un trattamento chirurgico? Questa decisione si basa sulla storia naturale, la cui previsione è tuttora deducibile più dalle modalità d'esordio clinico che dagli aspetti morfologici. Sulla base dei dati della letteratura sono state redatte delle tabelle di calcolo per il rischio individuale di emorragia nell'arco di una vita che sono uno strumento imprescindibile per affrontare questi delicati problemi terapeutici in maniera razionale. Per quanto concerne il rischio chirurgico sono stati identificati precisi fattori di rischio morfo-funzionali che permettono una quantificazione preoperatoria del rischio di mortalità e morbilità cui può andare incontro il paziente, una volta operato. Inoltre, la terapia delle MAV è oggi un intervento multidisciplinare, in quanto nel percorso decisionale si inseriscono anche le opzioni di tecniche alternative quali il trattamento endovascolare e la radiochirurgia. Attualmente il nostro orientamento è quello di riservare alle tecniche di embolizzazione un ruolo di ‘preparazione’ al trattamento definitivo, sia esso chirurgico o radioterapico. Le nostre osservazioni sulla terapia chirurgica delle MAV cerebrali si basano su 175 casi personalmente operati. La chirurgia delle MAV cerebrali richiede una alta specializzazione nella microchirurgia vascolare affiancata da una adeguata struttura organizzativa. L'esperienza personale può orientare nella indicazione al miglior trattamento possibile, senza tuttavia pretendere di rappresentare un algoritmo decisionale assolutamente attendibile e standardizzabile. Infatti, mancano studi randomizzati di terapia radiochirurgica, endovascolare o microchirurgica, in grado di definire i criteri di trattamento. Questi studi, che richiedono una collaborazione multicentrica, sono necessari per stabilire la prognosi dei pazienti portatori di MAV cerebrali.
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Amaku, Marcos, Marcelo Nascimento Burattini, Francisco Antonio Bezerra Coutinho e Eduardo Massad. "Modeling the Competition Between Viruses in a Complex Plant–Pathogen System". Phytopathology® 100, n. 10 (ottobre 2010): 1042–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-10-09-0289.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In this article, we propose a mathematical model that describes the competition between two plant virus strains (MAV and PAV) for both the host plant (oat) and their aphid vectors. We found that although PAV is transmitted by two aphids and MAV by only one, this fact, by itself, does not explain the complete replacement of MAV by PAV in New York State during the period from 1961 through 1976; an interpretation that is in agreement with the theories of A. G. Power. Also, although MAV wins the competition within aphids, we assumed that, in 1961, PAV mutated into a new variant such that this new variant was able to overcome MAV within the plants during a latent period. As shown below, this is sufficient to explain the swap of strains; that is, the dominant MAV was replaced by PAV, also in agreement with Power's expectations.
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Huang, Huei-Yu, Fang-Yu Fan, Wei-Chun Lin, Chiung-Fang Huang, Yung-Kang Shen, Yi Lin e Muhammad Ruslin. "Optimal Processing Parameters of Transmission Parts of a Flapping-Wing Micro-Aerial Vehicle Using Precision Injection Molding". Polymers 14, n. 7 (4 aprile 2022): 1467. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14071467.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In this study, we designed and fabricated transmission parts for a flapping-wing micro-aerial vehicle (FW-MAV), which was fabricated by precision injection molding, and analyzed its warpage phenomena. First, a numerical simulation (Moldflow) was used to analyze the runner balance and temperature, pressure, and stress distributions of the base, gears, and linkage of the transmission structures in an FW-MAV. These data were then applied to fabricate a steel mold for an FW-MAV. Various process parameters (i.e., injection temperature, mold temperature, injection pressure, and packing time) for manufacturing transmission parts for the FW-MAV by precision injection molding were compared. The Taguchi method was employed to determine causes of warpage in the transmission parts. The experimental results revealed that the causes of warpage in the transmission parts were, in order of importance, the mold temperature, injection pressure, packing time, and injection temperature. After the transmission parts were assembled on the FW-MAV, experiments revealed that the MAV could achieve a flight time of 180 s. Mass production of the FW-MAV by precision injection molding could potentially produce substantial savings in time, manpower, and cost.
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Murofushi, T., H. Ozeki, A. Inoue e A. Sakata. "Does Migraine-Associated Vertigo Share a Common Pathophysiology With Meniere's Disease? Study With Vestibular-Evoked Myogenic Potential". Cephalalgia 29, n. 12 (dicembre 2009): 1259–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2982.2009.01860.x.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
To clarify if migraine-associated vertigo (MAV) and Meniere's disease (MD) share a common pathophysiology, vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (VEMP) were measured in 11 patients with MAV, 11 with unilateral MD and eight healthy subjects. As acoustic stimuli, tone bursts (TB; 250, 500, 1000 and 2000 Hz) were presented. In healthy subjects, 500-Hz TB evoked the largest amplitude. To quantify this tendency, 500-1000 VEMP slope was calculated, and 500-1000 VEMP slope was the smallest on the affected side of MD patients. Among the 11 MD patients, five had significantly decreased 500-1000 VEMP asymmetry (shift of the tuning to 1000 Hz). Three of the 11 MAV patients also showed a significantly decreased 500-1000 VEMP slope. This finding suggests that MAV might share a common pathophysiology with MD. In addition to this finding, four of the other eight MAV patients showed prolonged p13 latencies. This suggests that MAV could consist of patients with different lesion sites.
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Park, Wooryong, Donghee Lee, Junhak Yi e Woochul Nam. "Visual MAV Tracker with Adaptive Search Region". Applied Sciences 11, n. 16 (23 agosto 2021): 7741. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11167741.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Tracking a micro aerial vehicle (MAV) is challenging because of its small size and swift motion. A new model was developed by combining compact and adaptive search region (SR). The model can accurately and robustly track MAVs with a fast computation speed. A compact SR, which is slightly larger than a target MAV, is less likely to include a distracting background than a large SR; thus, it can accurately track the MAV. Moreover, the compact SR reduces the computation time because tracking can be conducted with a relatively shallow network. An optimal SR to MAV size ratio was obtained in this study. However, this optimal compact SR causes frequent tracking failures in the presence of the dynamic MAV motion. An adaptive SR is proposed to address this problem; it adaptively changes the location and size of the SR based on the size, location, and velocity of the MAV in the SR. The compact SR without adaptive strategy tracks the MAV with an accuracy of 0.613 and a robustness of 0.086, whereas the compact and adaptive SR has an accuracy of 0.811 and a robustness of 1.0. Moreover, online tracking is accomplished within approximately 400 frames per second, which is significantly faster than the real-time speed.
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Renault, Maël, e Vaios Lappas. "Design of a Mars Ascent Vehicle Using HyImpulse’s Hybrid Propulsion". Aerospace 10, n. 12 (14 dicembre 2023): 1030. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace10121030.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The recent growth in maturity of paraffin-based hybrid propulsion systems reassesses the possibility to design an alternative Mars Ascent Vehicle (MAV) propelled by a European hybrid motor. As part of the Mars Sample Return (MSR) campaign, a Hybrid MAV would present potential advantages over the existent solid concept funded by NASA through offering increased performance, higher thermal resilience, and lower Gross Lift-Off Mass (GLOM). This study looks at the preliminary design of a two-stage European MAV equipped with HyImpulse’s hybrid engine called the Hyplox10. This Hybrid MAV utilizes the advantages inherent to this type of propulsion to propose an alternative MAV concept. After a careful analysis of previous MAV architectures from the literature, the vehicle is sized with all its components such as the propellant tanks and nozzle, and the configuration of the rocket is established. A detailed design of the primary structure is addressed. This is followed by a Finite Element Analysis (FEA), evaluating the structural integrity under the challenging conditions of Entry, Descent, and Landing (EDL) on Mars, considering both static and dynamic analyses. The outcome is a Hybrid MAV design that demonstrates feasibility and resilience in the harsh Martian environment, boasting a GLOM of less than 300 kg.
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Ha, A. N., H. S. Park, K. L. Lee, Y. G. Kim, S. H. Song, P. R. Park, T. Kim, K. L. White e I. K. Kong. "50 DEVELOPMENT OF A MODIFIED STRAW LOADING METHOD FOR VITRIFICATION OF IN VITRO-PRODUCED BOVINE BLASTOCYSTS". Reproduction, Fertility and Development 26, n. 1 (2014): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv26n1ab50.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This study evaluated a modified plastic straw method for vitrification of in vitro-produced (IVP) bovine blastocysts. A modified straw was used that has a depressed area on its inner surface to which embryos attach. The IVP blastocysts were randomly assigned into 3 groups: (1) attachment of embryos to the inner surface of a plastic straw (aV), (2) attachment of embryos to the inner surface of a modified plastic straw (maV), and (3) non-vitrified (control). The recovery rates of blastocysts were not significantly different between the aV and maV groups (95.8 v. 94.3%; P > 0.05). The survival of post-thaw blastocysts did not significantly differ between the aV and maV groups (86.4 v. 88.2%; P > 0.05). The total cell number of blastocysts was significantly higher in the control group than in the aV and maV groups (142 ± 21.8 v. 117 ± 29.7 and 120 ± 25.2; P < 0.05), but not different between the aV and maV groups. The mRNA levels of the pro-apoptosis-related genes Bax and caspase-3 were significantly higher in the aV and maV groups than in the control group. By contrast, the mRNA levels of Bcl-2 and Mcl-1, which are anti-apoptotic genes, and of MnSOD and Prdx5, which are antioxidant-related genes, were significantly lower in the aV and maV groups than in the control group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the aV and maV methods can be used to vitrify IVP bovine blastocysts, and embryos are more easily loaded using the maV method than using the aV method. This work was partly supported by the Next-Generation BioGreen 21 Program (grant no. PJ009587022013), IPET (grant no. 110020-5 and 112020-3), and a scholarship from the BK21 Program, Republic of Korea.
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I. Ismail, N., H. Yusoff, Hazim Sharudin, Arif Pahmi, H. Hafi e Mahadzir M.M. "Lift distribution of washout twist morphing MAV wing". International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, n. 4.13 (9 ottobre 2018): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.13.21337.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Micro Air Vehicle, or also commonly known as MAV, is a miniature aircraft that has been gaining interest in the industry. MAV is defined as a flying platform with 15cm wingspan and operates at a speed of around 10m/s. Recently, MAV has been exposed with the latest development and link towards the biologically-inspired designs such as morphing wing. Twist morphing wing is one of the latest MAV wing design developments. The application of Twist Morphing (TM) on MAV wing has been previously known to produce better aerodynamic performance. Previous study in washin TM wing has shown a promising possibility of generating higher lift force. Despite the benevolent performance exhibited by the washin TM wing, the lift distribution for the washout type of TM MAV is relatively unknown and still open to be explored. This is probably due to the lack of experimental test rig to produce the washout twist morphing motion on the MAV wing. Therefore, this research aims to produce a special test rig for washout TM wing that is compatible for wind tunnel experimental testing. By using the special test rig, the experimental investigation on the lift performance of washout TM MAV wing can be done. Based on the wing deformation results, it clearly shows that the proposed test rig is capable to produce up to 19.5mm tip deflection at the morphing point, which is also resulting in a significant morphing motion. Higher morphing force induces larger morphing motion. Based on the lift distribution results, they show that the morphing motion has significantly affected the overall lift distribution on the MAV wing. The morphing motion on TM wing has produced at least 17.6% and 5.33% lower CL and CLmax magnitude, respectively, with the membrane wing especially at the pre-stall region. However, the TM wing is still able to maintain the stall angle similar to the baseline wing at αstall= 31°. By maintaining high αstall value with lower CL and CLmax magnitude, TM wing produces more agility for the MAV maneuverability that will be useful for indoor mission or obstacle avoidance flight.
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Kovaleva, Marina, Ingo Bussmeyer, Björn Rabe, Joachim Grötzinger, Enge Sudarman, Jutta Eichler, Udo Conrad, Stefan Rose-John e Jürgen Scheller. "Abrogation of Viral Interleukin-6 (vIL-6)-Induced Signaling by Intracellular Retention and Neutralization of vIL-6 with an Anti-vIL-6 Single-Chain Antibody Selected by Phage Display". Journal of Virology 80, n. 17 (1 settembre 2006): 8510–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00420-06.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
ABSTRACT Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) encodes several putative oncogenes, which are homologues to cellular host genes known to function in cell cycle regulation, control of apoptosis, and cytokine signaling. Viral interleukin (vIL-6) is believed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of Kaposi's sarcoma as well as primary effusion lymphoma and multicentric Castleman's disease. Therefore, vIL-6 is a promising target for novel therapies directed against HHV-8-associated diseases. By phage display screening of human synthetic antibody libraries, we have selected a specific recombinant antibody, called monoclonal anti-vIL-6 (MAV), binding to vIL-6. The epitope recognized by MAV was localized on the top of the D helix of the vIL-6 protein, which is a part of receptor binding site III. Consequently, MAV specifically inhibits vIL-6-mediated growth of the primary effusion lymphoma-derived cell line BCBL-1 and blocks STAT3 phosphorylation in the human hepatoma cell line HepG2. Since it was previously found that vIL-6 can also induce signals from within the cell, presumably within the endoplasmic reticulum, we fused the recombinant antibody MAV with the endoplasmic retention sequence KDEL (MAV-KDEL). As a result, COS-7 cells expressing MAV-KDEL and synthesizing vIL-6 ceased to secrete the cytokine. Moreover, we observed that vIL-6 that was bound to MAV-KDEL and retained in the endoplasmic reticulum did not induce STAT3 phosphorylation in HepG2 cells. We conclude that the activity of the intracellularly retained vIL-6 protein is neutralized by MAV-KDEL. Our results might represent a novel therapeutic strategy to neutralize virally encoded growth factors or oncogenes.
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Moore, Martin L., Erin L. McKissic, Corrie C. Brown, John E. Wilkinson e Katherine R. Spindler. "Fatal Disseminated Mouse Adenovirus Type 1 Infection in Mice Lacking B Cells or Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase". Journal of Virology 78, n. 11 (1 giugno 2004): 5584–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.78.11.5584-5590.2004.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
ABSTRACT Mouse adenovirus type 1 (MAV-1) infection of B-cell-deficient and Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk)-deficient mice resulted in fatal disseminated disease resembling human adenovirus infections in immunocompromised patients. Mice lacking B cells or Btk were highly susceptible to acute MAV-1 infection, in contrast to controls and mice lacking T cells. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration that mice with an X-linked immunodeficiency phenotype (Btk deficient) are susceptible to virus-induced disease. Mice lacking B cells or Btk on a C57BL/6 background succumbed with encephalomyelitis, hepatitis, and lymphoid necrosis. Mice lacking B cells on a BALB/c background succumbed with enteritis and hepatitis. Survival of acute MAV-1 infection correlated with early T-cell-independent neutralizing antibody and T-cell-independent antiviral immunoglobulin M. Treatment of MAV-1-infected Btk−/− mice 4 to 9 days postinfection with antiserum harvested 6 to 9 days postinfection from MAV-1-infected Btk+/+ mice was therapeutic. Our findings implicate a critical role for B-cell function in preventing disseminated MAV-1 infection, particularly production of early T-cell-independent antiviral immunoglobulin M.
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Wang, Wei, Yu Ze Song, Kenzo Nonami, Yong Cheng, Yong Zhou e Feng Wang. "Attitude Controller Design for a Six-Rotor Type MAV". Key Engineering Materials 480-481 (giugno 2011): 1155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.480-481.1155.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
MAV (Micro Air Vehicle) can be used for many applications such as the investigation of inhospitable environments, regions contaminated by nuclear pollution or hazardous material and other inaccessible areas. For such kind of purposes, a small machine that can autonomously fly seems to be appropriate. Our MAV research group selects a Quad-Rotor MAV as our platform, and achieved automated take-off, landing, hovering, way-point navigation, vision-based navigation flight. However, the payload of our current platform is low (about 500grams), and the flight duration is only about 10 minutes. To overcome these obstacles, we designed a Six-Rotor type MAV with 770mm of diameter, 1.9Kg of weight, 1.5Kg of payload and 12 minutes of flight duration (without payload). In this paper, we present the main design considerations which are essential for the construction of Six-Rotor type MAV and attitude controller design technique.
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Tavares, Whilyana Teixeira Dias, Marcos Antônio Barbosa da Silva, Marcelo Moraes Valença, João Onofre Trindade Filho e Fernando Augusto Pacífico. "Diagnóstico sequencial de duas mal formações arteriovenosas cerebrais". Anais da Faculdade de Medicina de Olinda 1, n. 5 (25 aprile 2022): 12–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.56102/afmo.2022.90.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Introdução: As malformações arteriovenosas cerebrais (MAV) são lesões vasculares do sistema vascular cerebral durante o período de embriogênese. Relato de Caso: Trata-se de um paciente do gênero masculino de 19 anos, diagnosticado e tratado da primeira MAV no esplênio do corpo caloso. Após 1 ano e meio, o mesmo paciente foi diagnosticado com uma segunda MAV no joelho do corpo caloso, recebendo o segundo tratamento adequado. Comentários: Embora a angiografia cerebral seja considerada padrão ouro para avaliar a angioarquitetura da MAV, torna-se indispensável o acompanhamento de sua evolução após o tratamento cirúrgico, radiocirúrgico ou por embolização, para um diagnóstico decisivo e expansivo, principalmente, em casos de micromalformações.
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Djojodihardjo, Harijono, Riyadh Ibraheem Ahmed, Abd Rahim Abu Talib e Azmin Shakrine Mohd Rafie. "First principle analysis of Coandă Micro Air Vehicle aerodynamic forces for preliminary sizing". Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 89, n. 2 (6 marzo 2017): 231–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aeat-03-2015-0080.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to reformulate the governing equations incorporating major variables and parameters for the design a Micro Air Vehicle (MAV), to meet the desired mission and design requirements. Design/methodology/approach Mathematical models for various spherical and cylindrical Coandă MAV configurations were rederived from first principles, and the performance measures were defined. To verify the theoretical prediction to a certain extent, a computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulation for a Coandă MAV generic models was performed. Findings The major variables and parameters of Coandă MAV have been formulated into practical guidelines, which relate the lift (or thrust) produced for certain input variables, particularly the Coandă MAV jet momentum coefficient. The influences of the geometrical parameters are elaborated. Research limitations/implications The present analysis on Coandă jet-configured MAV is focused on the lift generation due to the Coandă jet effect through a meticulous analysis. The effects of viscosity, the Coandă jet thickness, the radius of curvature of the surface and the stability of Coandă jet are not considered and will be the subject of the following work. Practical implications The results obtained can be used for sizing in the preliminary design of Coandă MAVs. Originality/value Physical and mathematical models were developed which can describe the physical phenomena of the flow field near the Coandă MAV surfaces influenced by Coandă jet sheets and for obtaining a relationship between relevant variables and parameters to the lift of practical interest.
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Ying, Baoling, Kimberley Smith e Katherine R. Spindler. "Mouse Adenovirus Type 1 Early Region 1A Is Dispensable for Growth in Cultured Fibroblasts". Journal of Virology 72, n. 8 (1 agosto 1998): 6325–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.72.8.6325-6331.1998.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
ABSTRACT Mouse adenovirus type 1 (MAV-1) mutants with deletions of conserved regions of early region 1A (E1A) or with point mutations that eliminate translation of E1A were used to determine the role of E1A in MAV-1 replication. MAV-1 E1A mutants expressing no E1A protein grew to titers comparable to wild-type MAV-1 titers on mouse fibroblasts (3T6 fibroblasts and fibroblasts derived from Rb+/+,Rb+/−, and Rb−/− transgenic embryos). To test the hypothesis that E1A could induce a quiescent cell to reenter the cell cycle, fibroblasts were serum starved to stop DNA replication and cellular replication and then infected with the E1A mutant and wild-type viruses. All grew to equivalent titers. Steady-state levels of MAV-1 early mRNAs (E1A, E1B, E2, E3, and E4) from 3T6 cells infected with wild-type or E1A mutant virus were examined by Northern analysis. Steady-state levels of mRNAs from the mutant-infected cells were comparable to or greater than the levels found in wild-type virus infections for most of the early regions and for two late genes. The E2 mRNA levels were slightly reduced in all mutant infections relative to wild-type infections. E1A mRNA was not detected from infections with the MAV-1 E1A null mutant, pmE109, or from infections with similar MAV-1 E1A null mutants, pmE112 andpmE113. The implications for the lack of a requirement of E1A in cell culture are discussed.
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Perini, S., P. Zampieri, L. Rosta, E. Piovan, G. Barone, P. Ruatti e A. Benati. "MAV cerebrale di tipo piale in età pediatrica". Rivista di Neuroradiologia 9, n. 6 (dicembre 1996): 743–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/197140099600900619.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
La nostra casistica comprende 29 pazienti sottoposti a trattamento endovascolare per la presenza di una MAV di tipo piale. I pazienti sono stati trattati con varie metodiche (embolizzazione a «flusso libero» 2 casi, embolizzazione particolata con micro-emboli di filo da sutura -17 casi, embolizzazione con colla acrilica- 10 casi). È stato fatto un confronto tra la serie trattata in età pediatrica e quella dei pazienti adulti evidenziando alcune significative differenze di angio-architettura e sede della MAV: in età pediatrica sono risultate più frequenti le MAV mono o pauci- peduncolari, le fistole dirette e quelle a nido plessiforme fistoloso ad alto flusso e le malformazioni giganti a sede sottotentoriale e centrale profonda. Nel primo caso il trattamento di elezione è risultato essere quello con colla acrilica associato a radiochirurgia con guarigione definitiva in 3 casi. Nelle FAV dirette e nelle MAV ad alto flusso abbiamo impiegato come agenti embolizzanti filo da sutura e colla acrilica con risultato definitivo. Il trattamento delle MAV sottotentoriali e a sede centrale profonda rappresenta il problema di più difficile soluzione in età pediatrica. In due pazienti l'embolizzazione con colla ha consentito di effettuare la radio-chirurgia (MAV giganti cerebellari). Non riteniamo che attualmente alcuna tecnica endovascolare consenta un trattamento sicuro delle estese MAV centrali profonde. Ogni trattamento, nei bambini ancor più che nell'adulto, deve richiedere una attenta valutazione del rapporto rischio/ beneficio della metodica con riferimento ai dati della storia naturale.
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Gallardo, Federico, Clara Martin, Leonardo Chang, Juan Francisco Diaz, Jorge Bustamante e Pablo Rubino. "Utilidad de las Escalas de Gradación en el Tratamiento Quirúrgico de Malformaciones Arteriovenosas Cerebrales". Surgical Neurology International 10 (27 settembre 2019): S46—S57. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/sni_454_2019.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Introducción: Las malformaciones arteriovenosas (MAVs) cerebrales comprenden una compleja pato-logía responsable de hasta el 38% de las hemorragias en pacientes de entre 15-45 años, acarreando cada episodio de sangrado un 25-50% de morbilidad y un 10-20% de mortalidad. La decisión terapéu-tica en un paciente con una MAV debe tener en cuenta la comparación entre los riesgos propios de la intervención y los de la historia natural de esta enfermedad. Objetivo: Evaluar la utilidad de predecir riesgo quirúrgico de diferentes escalas de gradación de MAV cerebrales según nuestra experiencia en una serie de casos. Material y Métodos: Se realizó un análisis bibliográfico de escalas de gradación de riesgo quirúrgico de MAV cerebrales utilizando como motor de búsqueda Pubmed incluyendo como palabras clave “malformación arteriovenosa cerebral”y “scala de gradación” (brain arteriovenous and malfor- mation grading scale). Se analizaron de forma retrospectiva aquellos pacientes intervenidos quirúrgi-camente por MAV en este hospital público, se las clasificó acorde a las escalas analizadas y se compa-raron los resultados obtenidos con los previstos en ellas. Resultados: Se analizaron 90 pacientes intervenidos quirúrgicamente por MAV, sin tratamiento coad-yuvante. De forma retrospectiva se los agrupó acorde a las escalas de Spetzler Martin (SM), Spetzler-Ponce (SP) y suplementaria de Lawton. Las MAV grado 3 se subclasificaron según las escalas de Lawton y de de Oliveira. Considerando buenos resultados aquellos con Rankin modificado (mRs) igual o menor a 2. Con un rango de seguimiento de 12 a 48 meses, encontramos buenos resultados en el 100% de MAV SM grado 1, 91.7% de las grado 2, 80% en grado 3 y 42.9% en grado 4. Utilizando la escala SP, 93.7% de buenos resultados en tipo A, 80% en tipo B y 42.9% en tipo C. Subclasifican-do las MAV SM 3 acorde a las escalas de de Oliveira y Lawton, 84% de buenos resultados en el tipo 3A, 71.3% en las 3B, 92% en MAV tipo 3-, 72.1% en el tipo 3+, 60% en tipo 3. Utilizando la escala suplementaria de Lawton combinada con SM, buen resultado en 100% grados II y III, 85,7% grado IV, 87,6 grado V, 80% grado VI, 75% grado VII y 66,6% grado VIII. Conclusión: Reafirmamos en esta serie, la utilidad de estimar riesgo quirúrgico con las escalas SM, SP, y la subclasificación de las MAV grado 3 propuesta por Lawton. Y principalmente el utilizar la escala suplementaria de Lawton-Young al considerar el tratamiento quirúrgico de los pacientes con MAV que sangraron.
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McKirdy, SJ, e RAC Jones. "Occurrence of barley yellow dwarf virus serotypes MAV and RMV in over-summering grasses". Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 44, n. 6 (1993): 1195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9931195.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Over-summering grasses were collected in the south-west of Western Australia in 1991 and 1992 and tested by ELISA using serotype specific polyclonal antibodies for presence of barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) serotypes MAV, PAV and RPV (1991) or MAV, PAV, RPV and RMV (1992). In 1991, 33 samples from 33 sites were tested and MAV was detected in four of 12 samples of Pennisetum clandestinum found infected with BYDV. Presence of MAV was confirmed by retesting these samples using MAV specific monoclonal antibodies. In 1992, 802 samples from 16 grass species were collected from 579 sites in six regions. BYDV was detected in 214 (27%) samples at 178 (31%) sites. MAV was found in 50% and RMV in 38% of infected samples. Both were found either alone or in mixed infections with each other or with PAV and/or RPV; all four serotypes were found in 18 (8%) infected samples. The most important hosts were four perennials: Cynodon dactylon, Eragrostis curvula, Paspalum dilatatum and P. clandestinum. Eight other perennial and five annual grass species were also infected. MAV was most commonly found in C. dactylon and P. clandestinum and RMV in P. dilatatum. All four serotypes were present in the six regions sampled, but the relative proportions of the serotypes found varied from region to region. This paper represents the first extensive survey of MAV and RMV serotypes of BYDV in over-summering grasses in Australia. Aphid species found during this survey infesting over-summering grasses were Rhopalosiphum padi,R. maidis and Hysteroneura setariae. In the Mediterranean type climate of the south-west of Western Australia, BYDV and aphids on over-summering perennial grasses constitute the main reservoir of infection and means of spread to cereal crops. Factors favouring grass survival over summer result in increased cereal crop infection.
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Wang, Huan, Shuguang Liu, Maolong Lv e Boyang Zhang. "Two-Level Hierarchical-Interaction-Based Group Formation Control for MAV/UAVs". Aerospace 9, n. 9 (14 settembre 2022): 510. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace9090510.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Cooperative group formation control of manned/unmanned aircraft vehicles (MAV/UAVs) using a hierarchical framework can be more efficient and flexible than centralized control strategies. In this paper, a two-level hierarchical-interaction-based cooperative control strategy is proposed for the MAV/UAVs group formation. At the upper level, combined with the nonlinear disturbance observer (NDO) and dynamic surface control (DSC) algorithm, a trajectory tracking problem with external disturbances for MAV is formulated. At the lower level, the leader-following formation controller is utilized to deal with the sub-formation keeping control problem for UAVs, based on the sliding mode disturbance observer and fast terminal sliding mode control law, and the robust performance and control accuracy are effectively improved. Moreover, the overall stability of the MAV/UAVs system is demonstrated using Lyapunov theory. The proposed approach is evaluated by simulation under the ground penetration combat mission for MAV/UAVs, and the performance is compared with that of other control strategies.
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Feres Júnior, João. "Análise de valências, debate acadêmico e contenda política". Revista Brasileira de Ciência Política, n. 20 (agosto 2016): 313–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-335220162009.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Resumo Este é o quarto artigo de um debate com Luis Felipe Miguel sobre a MAV e, como tal, responde às objeções feitas pelo autor em texto anterior, intitulado Uma Resposta. Miguel argumenta que a MAV é utilizada pelo site Manchetômetro com propósitos de intervenção pública, e não com fins acadêmicos. Mostro que, na sociedade de hoje, é comum metodologias acadêmicas serem usadas para subsidiar o debate público. Ele também critica a cientificidade e a acurácia da MAV. Em resposta, mostro que a MAV foi empregada muitas vezes no Brasil em estudos de mídia e é fartamente aplicada na academia de língua inglesa, inclusive nos jornais mais prestigiosos da área de ciência política. Por fim, comparo a MAV à análise de enquadramentos, metodologia fartamente utilizada na academia nacional, para mostrar que a determinação de valências de textos é operação mais simples, e, portanto, muito menos sujeita à variação, do que a interpretação de complexas construções semânticas que são os enquadramentos.
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CAMARINHA, Bárbara Dias, Bárbara Campos SILVA, Benedito Carlos CORDEIRO, Ranieri Carvalho CAMUZI e Monique Araújo BRITO. "Associações entre medicamentos de alta vigilância e interações medicamentosas potenciais em uma unidade de terapia intensiva pediátrica". Revista Brasileira de Farmácia Hospitalar e Serviços de Saúde 14, n. 3 (21 settembre 2023): 802. http://dx.doi.org/10.30968/rbfhss.2023.143.0802.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Objetivo: Analisar as associações entre os medicamentos de alta vigilância e as interações medicamentosas potenciais na pediatria. Métodos: Foram analisadas as prescrições médicas de pacientes internados na UTIP no período de janeiro a junho de 2020. A caracterização das IMP envolvendo os MAV foi realizada por meio do software Micromedex®. A fim de identificar fatores associados à incidência das IMP encontradas, foram realizados testes estatísticos inferenciais através do software R versão 4.1.0. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5% (p<0,05). Resultados: Dos medicamentos prescritos, 27,9% eram MAV. Dezessete deles estiveram envolvidos em alguma IMP. Os MAV fentanil, midazolam, metadona e insulina regular foram associados ao aumento da chance de um paciente apresentar alguma IMP. Os MAV fentanil, midazolam, cloreto de potássio 10%, fenobarbital, metadona, clobazam, cetamina e morfina foram associados ao aumento da média de IMP por paciente. Ter pelo menos um MAV na IMP aumentou a gravidade desta, e o fentanil, cloreto de potássio 10%, fenobarbital, metadona, clobazam, cetamina, dexmedetomidina, morfina e tramadol foram associados à gravidade das IMP. A quantidade de MAV envolvida na IMP está diretamente relacionada à gravidade da IMP. Conclusão: Esse estudo irá auxiliar o farmacêutico clínico na análise da farmacoterapia do paciente contribuindo, assim, para a segurança do paciente pediátrico.
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Zhang, Haotian, Weirong Zhang e Weijia Zhang. "Study on vent spacing of multi-vent module-based adaptive ventilation for reducing contaminant diffusion". E3S Web of Conferences 356 (2022): 01071. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202235601071.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Infectious respiratory diseases are known to have high levels of airborne transmissibility. However, traditional ventilation methods based on perfect mixing often lead to the diffusion of airborne pathogens. Multi-vent module-based adaptive ventilation (MAV) is a ventilation method designed to meet the needs of different indoor scenes and reduce air mixing. MAV combines multiple groups of multi-vent modules. The vent spacing of a single module is also an important factor, but the influence of the change of vent spacing on the effect of MAV in contaminant diffusion control has not been studied. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is applied to study the influence of air vent spacing of a single MAV module on contaminant diffusion control in a simple office. Three different vent spacing of 1.5m, 2.0m and 2.5m and four vent layout modes is selected. The results show that when the vent distance is 2.0m, the MAV system has the best control effect on contaminant diffusion. Up to 61.5% of the contaminants are limited in the control area.
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Vaghi, M. A., M. Bracchi, C. Cimino e L. Strada. "Considerazioni generali sulla diagnosi ed il trattamento delle malformazioni artero-venose durali del rachide spinale". Rivista di Neuroradiologia 1, n. 1 (aprile 1988): 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/197140098800100109.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Per la diagnosi ed il trattamento delle MAV durali e spinali è necessaria l'angiografia spinale selettiva. Poiché è opportuno un bilancio angiografico il più completo possibile e poiché talora l'esplorazione deve essere estesa al di fuori del rachide, preferiamo avere una ragionevole certezza della presenza di una MAV prima di iniziare l'angiografia. Questa certezza la cerchiamo con la mielografia. In determinate condizioni anche la RM può fare diagnosi di MAV ed è augurabile che in futuro questo esame possa sostituire la mielografia o quanto meno rappresentare un mezzo valido e non invasivo per il controllo dopo trattamento. Da quando è stata resa nota la natura di queste MAV durali, il trattamento, sia di embolizzazione che chirurgico, dovrebbe limitarsi ad interrompere il flusso tra MAV durale e plesso perimidollare. Come materiale d'embolizzazione abbiamo usato inizialmente il Bucrilato, attualmente preferiamo le particelle di Ivalon, di più facile impiego rispetto alle colle. Sottoponiamo al chirurgo i casi di recidiva e i casi in cui la situazione dell'arteria spinale anteriore rappresenta un pericolo per l'embolizzazione.
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Marathe, Mayur, e Samadhan Deshmukh. "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF AIRFOIL SELECTION FOR MINIATURE AIR VEHICLE". International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology 8, n. 2 (1 giugno 2023): 154–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.33564/ijeast.2023.v08i02.021.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This article outlines factors to take into account when choosing an MAV airfoil (Miniature Air Vehicle). A MAV is mostly used in hazardous and defense regions that are inaccessible to humans. The MAV has some specified range of speed in which it has travel, i.e.: - 9 to 20m/s. Here, a few airfoils are chosen, and after doing a comparison analysis, the airfoil that produces the best results is chosen. The airfoil is chosen with a flat lower surface for comparative examination. In order to choose the right airfoil, "ANSYS FLUENT" is used to analyze the airfoil and calculate the lift to drag ratio. The reason for this criterion is that the MAV should have a stable flight. This article provides guidance on choosing the ideal airfoil for gliding. The airfoil with the maximum lift to drag ratio is being selected. According to the study of the data, NACA-2205 would be the ideal for MAV since it has a high lift to drag ratio at a high angle of attack and a high capability of gliding.
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Cosyn, P., e J. Vierendeels. "Design of fixed wing micro air vehicles". Aeronautical Journal 111, n. 1119 (maggio 2007): 315–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000004565.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract The paper describes the methodology and computational design strategies used to develop a series of fixed wing micro air vehicles (MAVs) at the Ghent University. The emphasis of the research is to find an optimal MAV-platform that is bound to geometrical constraints but superior in its performance. This requires a multidisciplinary design optimisation but the challenges are mainly of aerodynamic nature. Key areas are endurance, stability, controllability, manoeuvrability and component integration. The highly three-dimensional low Reynolds number flow, the lack of experimental databases and analytical or empirical models of MAV-aerodynamics required fundamental research of the phenomena. This includes the use of a vortex lattice method, three-dimensional CFD-computations and a numerical propeller optimisation method to derive the forces and their derivatives of the MAV and propeller for performance and stability-related optimisation studies. The design method leads to a simple, stable and robust flying wing MAV-platform that has the agility of a fighter airplane. A prototype, the UGMAV25, was constructed and flight tests were performed. The capabilities of the MAV were tested in a series of successful flight manoeuvres. The UGMAV15, a MAV with a span of 15cm, is also developed to test flight-qualities and endurance at this small scale. With the current battery technology, a flight-time of at least one hour is expected.
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Fang, Lei, Jennitte L. Stevens, Arnold J. Berk e Katherine R. Spindler. "Requirement of Sur2 for Efficient Replication of Mouse Adenovirus Type 1". Journal of Virology 78, n. 23 (1 dicembre 2004): 12888–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.78.23.12888-12900.2004.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
ABSTRACT Mouse adenovirus type 1 (MAV-1) early region 1A (E1A) encodes a virulence gene in viral infection of mice. To broaden our understanding of the functions of E1A in MAV-1 pathogenesis, an unbiased experimental approach, glutathione S-transferase (GST) pulldown, was used to screen for cellular proteins that interact with E1A protein. We identified mouse Sur2, a subunit of Mediator complex, as a protein that binds to MAV-1 E1A. The interaction between Sur2 and MAV-1 E1A was confirmed in virus-infected cells. Conserved region 3 (CR3) of MAV-1 E1A was mapped as the region required for Sur2-E1A interaction, as is the case for human adenovirus E1A. Although it has been proposed that human adenovirus E1A recruits the Mediator complex to transactivate transcription of viral early genes, Sur2 function in adenovirus replication has not been directly tested previously. Studies on the functions of Sur2 with mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) showed that there was a multiplicity-dependent growth defect of MAV-1 in Sur2−/− MEFs compared to Sur2+/+ MEFs. Comparison of the viral DNA and viral mRNA levels in Sur2+/+ and Sur2−/− MEFs confirmed that Sur2 was important for efficient viral replication. The viral replication defects in Sur2−/− MEFs appeared to be due at least in part to a defect in viral early gene transcription.
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Byun, Sung-June, Dong-Gyun Kim, Kyung-Do Park, Yeun-Jin Choi, Pervesh Kumar, Imran Ali, Dong-Gyu Kim et al. "A Low-Power Analog Processor-in-Memory-Based Convolutional Neural Network for Biosensor Applications". Sensors 22, n. 12 (16 giugno 2022): 4555. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22124555.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This paper presents an on-chip implementation of an analog processor-in-memory (PIM)-based convolutional neural network (CNN) in a biosensor. The operator was designed with low power to implement CNN as an on-chip device on the biosensor, which consists of plates of 32 × 32 material. In this paper, 10T SRAM-based analog PIM, which performs multiple and average (MAV) operations with multiplication and accumulation (MAC), is used as a filter to implement CNN at low power. PIM proceeds with MAV operations, with feature extraction as a filter, using an analog method. To prepare the input feature, an input matrix is formed by scanning a 32 × 32 biosensor based on a digital controller operating at 32 MHz frequency. Memory reuse techniques were applied to the analog SRAM filter, which is the core of low power implementation, and in order to accurately grasp the MAC operational efficiency and classification, we modeled and trained numerous input features based on biosignal data, confirming the classification. When the learned weight data was input, 19 mW of power was consumed during analog-based MAC operation. The implementation showed an energy efficiency of 5.38 TOPS/W and was differentiated through the implementation of 8 bits of high resolution in the 180 nm CMOS process.
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Panascì, Marco, Romuald Lepers, Antonio La Torre, Matteo Bonato e Hervè Assadi. "Physiological responses during intermittent running exercise differ between outdoor and treadmill running". Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 42, n. 9 (settembre 2017): 973–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2017-0132.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The aim of this study was to compare the physiological responses during 15 min of intermittent running consisting of 30 s of high-intensity running exercise at maximal aerobic velocity (MAV) interspersed with 30 s of passive recovery (30–30) performed outdoor versus on a motorized treadmill. Fifteen collegiate physically active males (age, 22 ± 1 years old; body mass, 66 ± 7 kg; stature, 176 ± 06 cm; weekly training volume, 5 ± 2 h·week−1), performed the Fitness Intermittent Test 45–15 to determine maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max) and MAV and then completed in random order 3 different training sessions consisting of a 30-s run/30-s rest on an outdoor athletic track (30–30 Track) at MAV; a 30-s run/30-s rest on a treadmill (30–30 Treadmill) at MAV; a 30-s run/30-s rest at MAV+15% (30–30 + 15% MAV Treadmill). Oxygen uptake (V̇O2), time above 90%V̇O2max (t90%V̇O2max), and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were measured during each training session. We observed a statistical significant underestimation of V̇O2 (53.1 ± 5.4 mL·kg−1·min−1 vs 49.8 ± 6.7 mL·kg−1·min−1, –6.3%, P = 0.012), t90%V̇O2max (8.6% ± 11.5% vs 38.7% ± 32.5%, –77.8%, P = 0.008), RPE (11.4 ± 1.4 vs 16.5 ± 1.7, –31%, P < 0.0001) during the 30–30 Treadmill compared with the same training session performed on track. No statistical differences between 30–30 +15 % MAV Treadmill and 30–30 Track were observed. The present study demonstrates that a 15% increase in running velocity during a high-intensity intermittent treadmill training session is the optimal solution to reach the same physiological responses than an outdoor training session.
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Lenaerts, L., H. Kelchtermans, L. Geboes, P. Matthys, E. Verbeken, E. De Clercq e L. Naesens. "Recovery of Humoral Immunity Is Critical for Successful Antiviral Therapy in Disseminated Mouse Adenovirus Type 1 Infection". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 52, n. 4 (11 febbraio 2008): 1462–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.01311-07.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
ABSTRACT Severe adenovirus infections in transplant recipients undergoing immunosuppressive therapy are of increasing concern. Controversy exists on the contribution of antiviral therapy and the host immune response to recovery from these infections. Here, we established a systemic mouse adenovirus type 1 (MAV-1) infection in cyclophosphamide (CyP)-treated BALB/c mice. CyP was administered at 100 mg per kg of body weight every other day for 2, 3, or 4 weeks, thereby inducing general but reversible leukopenia, with a major suppression of the B-cell numbers and functionality that was more pronounced than that seen with T cells. The outcome of MAV-1 infection was dependent on the duration of CyP therapy, as the mice with the most severe immunosuppression were the most vulnerable to MAV-1-induced hemorrhagic enteritis and mortality. The protective effect of concomitant antiviral therapy with cidofovir depended on the level of immunosuppression. The combination of cidofovir treatment with the withdrawal of immunosuppression was the most successful regimen for increasing survival rates. Survival was clearly correlated with the clearance of virus and increased titers of MAV-1-specific antibodies in sera. In addition, the passive transfer of MAV-1-specific immunoglobulin G into MAV-1-infected SCID BALB/c mice caused a marked delay in mortality, the extent of the delay being dependent on the titer of MAV-1-specific antibodies. Based on the critical role of the humoral immune response in the early defense against disseminated adenovirus infection, the concomitant use of adenovirus-specific immunoglobulins and antiviral therapy should be considered for transplant patients at risk for severe adenovirus infections.
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Kang, Hyun Mi, Gwanglok Kim e Young June Choe. "Safety of Interchanging the Live Attenuated MAV/06 Strain and OKA Strain Varicella Vaccines in Children". Vaccines 11, n. 9 (31 agosto 2023): 1442. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11091442.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Two live attenuated varicella vaccine (VZV) strains have been mainly used across the globe: MAV/06 and OKA strains. We aimed to explore the safety of interchanging the two VZV strains for primary and booster immunizations. South Korea’s vaccine adverse event reporting system (VAERS) was accessed and searched to find filed reports of all adverse events (AEs) following immunization with the second dose of the varicella vaccine. The electronic medical records were reviewed for all visits to the hospital following the second dose of the varicella vaccine. Of the total 406 study participants, 27.5% (n = 112) were in the MAV/06–MAV/06 group, 30.3% (n = 123) in the MAV/06–OKA, 17.5% (n = 71) in the OKA–MAV/06 group, and 24.6% (n = 100) in the OKA–OKA group. Mean age at immunization with the first dose was 1.10 (standard deviation [SD] ±0.34) years old, and second dose was 4.77 (SD ± 1.13) (p = 0.772 and 0.933, respectively). There were no filed reports of AEs following the second dose in the national VAERS. Hospital visit records showed a total of 10.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 7.6–13.7) (n = 42) had recorded AEs following the 2nd administered dose; however, only 0.7% (95% CI, 0.2–2.4) (n = 3) were regarded as possibly vaccine related. Two patients in the MAV/06–OKA group were diagnosed with Henoch-Schonlein purpura after the second dose; however, both had also received the MMR vaccine on the same day. No safety signals associated with interchanging the MAV/06 and OKA strain live attenuated varicella vaccines were observed in this patient cohort of healthy children.
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Pereira, Carlos Umberto, Ronald Barcelos, Geraldo Ávila Reis, Ana Cristina Lima Santos, José Anísio Santos Júnior e Rodrigo Oliveira Passos. "Hemorragia Intracraniana por Malformação Arteriovenosa na Gravidez". JBNC - JORNAL BRASILEIRO DE NEUROCIRURGIA 24, n. 3 (3 aprile 2018): 264–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.22290/jbnc.v24i3.1439.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
A hemorragia intracraniana espontânea (HIE) que ocorre durante a gravidez ou puerpério é rara. A malformação arteriovenosa (MAV) intracraniana é responsável por cerca de 20% a 48% das HIE durante a gestação e puerpério. Convulsão, cefaleia, déficits neurológicos e alterações do nível de consciência podem ser as manifestações inicias em gestantes com HIE devido à MAV. Os autores relatam um caso de MAV em uma paciente de 21 anos de idade, no 4º mês de gravidez e discutem conduta e prognóstico.
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Congiardo, J., A. Krenn, J. Martinez, M. Dupuis e A. Swanger. "Development of a surface cryogenic propellant transfer concept for Martian operations". IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1240, n. 1 (1 maggio 2022): 012011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1240/1/012011.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract NASA is currently evaluating architectures to support human missions to Mars. A multitude of concepts are being traded and associated sensitivities are being analyzed. Mars Ascent Vehicle (MAV) propellant supply is a key consideration. Mass constraints for the Mars descent system and in-space transportation present significant architectural challenges that may preclude landing a fully fueled MAV for crew use. In such a case, to ensure the ability of the crewed mission to meet its objectives, propellant should be supplied to the MAV prior to the arrival of the crewed mission from Earth. A concept to robotically transfer liquid oxygen from a separate storage tanker across the surface to the MAV is proposed. This concept makes use of an unpressurized rover and is optimized to maximize the amount of propellant conveyed per trip.
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Pellettieri, L. "Embriologia e classificazione delle malformazioni artero-venose cerebrali". Rivista di Neuroradiologia 15, n. 1 (febbraio 2002): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/197140090201500103.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Il processo di differenziazione dell'albero vascolare cerebrale è brevemente descritto, così come gli eventi di disembriogenesi che generano le malformazioni artero-venose (MAV), la maggioranza delle quali è presente alla nascita, ma quasi certamente solo in forma vestigiale. Questi rudimenti vascolari crescono negli anni che seguono, diventando le MAV “mature” dell'adulto che si rendono sintomatiche in etè tipiche diverse, proprie per ciascun tipo di malformazione. L'influenza dei fattori emodinamici sulla crescita e sulla tendenza all'emorragia di diverse malformazioni è discussa. Una classificazione delle MAV, molto semplice, corrispondente allo schema spazio-temporale della loro genesi, è presentata e le caratteristiche anatomo-patologiche di ciascun tipo di malformazione concisamente descritte. Nelle conclusioni sono riassunti e messi in rilievo i concetti cardine esposti in queste pagine e riguardanti la genesi, l'evoluzione e l'emodinamica delle MAV.
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Chen, Xiangjian, Di Li, Zhijun Xu e Yue Bai. "Gain adaptive sliding mode controller based on interval type-II fuzzy neural network designed for attitude control for micro aircraft vehicle". International Journal of Intelligent Computing and Cybernetics 7, n. 2 (3 giugno 2014): 209–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijicc-03-2012-0010.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Purpose – Micro aerial vehicle is nonlinear plant; it is difficult to obtain stable control for MAV attitude due to uncertainties. The purpose of this paper is to propose one robust stable control strategy for MAV to accommodate system uncertainties, variations, and external disturbances. Design/methodology/approach – First, by employing interval type-II fuzzy neural network (ITIIFNN) to approximate the nonlinearity function and uncertainty functions in the attitude angle dynamic model of micro aircraft vehicle (MAV). Then, the Lyapunov stability theorem is used to testify the asymptotic stability of the closed-loop system, the parameters of the ITIIFNN and gain of sliding mode control can be tuned on-line by adaptive laws based on Lyapunov synthesis approach, and the Lyapunov stability theorem has been used to testify the asymptotic stability of the closed-loop system. Findings – The validity of the proposed control method has been verified through real-time experiments. The experimental results show that the performance of interval type-II fuzzy neural network based gain adaptive sliding mode controller (GASMC-ITIIFNN) is significantly improved compared with conventional adaptive sliding mode controller (CASMC), type-I fuzzy neural network based sliding mode controller (GASMC-TIFNN). Practical implications – This approach has been used in one MAV, the controller works well, and which could guarantee the MAV control system with good performances under uncertainties, variations, and external disturbances. Originality/value – The main original contributions of this paper are: the proposed control scheme makes full use of the nominal model of the MAV attitude control model; the overall closed-loop control system is globally stable demonstrated by Lyapunov stable theory; the tracking error can be asymptotically attenuated to a desired small level around zero by appropriate chosen parameters and learning rates; and the MAV attitude control system based on GASMC-ITIIFNN controller can achieve favourable tracking performance than GASMC-TIFNN and CASMC.
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Lenaerts, L., E. Verbeken, E. De Clercq e L. Naesens. "Mouse Adenovirus Type 1 Infection in SCID Mice: an Experimental Model for Antiviral Therapy of Systemic Adenovirus Infections". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 49, n. 11 (novembre 2005): 4689–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.49.11.4689-4699.2005.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
ABSTRACT The importance of human adenovirus infections in immunocompromised patients urges for new and adequate antiadenovirus compounds. Since human adenoviruses are species specific, animal models for systemic adenovirus infections rely on a nonhuman adenovirus. We established mouse adenovirus type 1 (MAV-1) infection of BALB/c SCID mice as a model for the evaluation of antiadenovirus therapy. In vitro studies with mouse embryonic fibroblasts pointed to the acyclic nucleoside phosphonate cidofovir and the N-7-substituted acyclic derivative 2-amino-7-(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxymethyl)purine (S-2242) as markedly active compounds against MAV-1. SCID mice, infected intranasally with MAV-1, developed a fatal disseminated infection after approximately 19 days, characterized by hemorrhagic enteritis. Several techniques were optimized to monitor viral, immunological, and pathological aspects of MAV-1 infection. Real-time PCR quantification of viral DNA revealed that after replication in the lungs, virus disseminated to several organs, including the brain, liver, spleen, intestine, heart, and kidneys (resulting in viruria). Immunohistochemical staining showed that MAV-1 was localized in the endothelial cells of the affected organs. Using reverse transcription-PCR, tissue levels of proinflammatory cytokines (i.e., interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor alpha) were found to be markedly increased. The MAV-1/SCID model appears to be an appropriate model for in vivo evaluation of antiadenovirus agents. Treatment with cidofovir or S-2242 at a dose of 100 mg per kg of body weight resulted in a significant delay in MAV-1-related death, although these antivirals were unable to completely suppress virus replication despite continued drug treatment. These findings suggest that complete virus clearance during antiviral therapy for disseminated adenovirus infection may require an efficient adaptive immune response from the host.
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Nsiah-Gyambibi, Rapheal, Emmanuel Acheampong, Elizabeth Von-Kiti e Christian Larbi Ayisi. "Performance evaluation of developed macrophyte-assisted vermifiltration system designed with varied macrophytes and earthworm species for domestic wastewater treatment". PLOS ONE 18, n. 3 (1 marzo 2023): e0281953. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0281953.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Development of sustainable technology to treat domestic wastewater with added advantages of cost reduction and improved handling efficiency is crucial in developing countries. This is because, domestic wastewater from households are stored in septic tanks and are poorly treated prior discharge. This study developed a macrophyte-assisted vermifiltration (MAV) system to treat domestic wastewater. The MAV system is an integrated approach of macrophytes and earthworms in a vermifiltration and complex physicochemical mechanism processes. The use of different macrophyte and earthworm species was hypothesized by the study to affect and vary the treatment performance of the developed MAV. The study therefore aimed to evaluate the treatment performance of the developed MAV when three varied macrophyte species (Eichhornia crassopes, Pistia stratiotes and Spirodela sp.) and two varied earthworm species (Eisenia fetida and Eudrilus eugeniae) were used to design the treatment system. Treated effluents were collected every 48hours within two weeks for physico-chemical, pathogen and helminth analysis. The contaminants (Ntot, NH3, NO3-N and Ptot) in the wastewater were high (>50 mgL-1, >5 mgL-1, >1 mgL-1 and >20 mgL-1 respectively). Results revealed that the developed MAV systems were effective in the removal of solids (>60%), nutrients (>60%) and pathogens (>90%). In most cases, there were no significant differences between the selected varied macrophytes and earthworms in the treatment performances. Results therefore demonstrated that the selected macrophytes combined with the earthworm species were suitable when used in the development of the MAV system. Developing the MAV with the selected varied macrophyte and earthworm species did not only contribute to the treatment of the wastewater, but also improved the vermiculture. Eudrilus eugeniae however demonstrated higher biomass gain (5–10% more) compared to Eisenia fetida.
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PHINYOMARK, ANGKOON, FRANCK QUAINE, YANN LAURILLAU, SIRINEE THONGPANJA, CHUSAK LIMSAKUL e PORNCHAI PHUKPATTARANONT. "EMG AMPLITUDE ESTIMATORS BASED ON PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION FOR MUSCLE–COMPUTER INTERFACE". Fluctuation and Noise Letters 12, n. 03 (settembre 2013): 1350016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219477513500168.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
To develop an advanced muscle–computer interface (MCI) based on surface electromyography (EMG) signal, the amplitude estimations of muscle activities, i.e., root mean square (RMS) and mean absolute value (MAV) are widely used as a convenient and accurate input for a recognition system. Their classification performance is comparable to advanced and high computational time-scale methods, i.e., the wavelet transform. However, the signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) performance of RMS and MAV depends on a probability density function (PDF) of EMG signals, i.e., Gaussian or Laplacian. The PDF of upper-limb motions associated with EMG signals is still not clear, especially for dynamic muscle contraction. In this paper, the EMG PDF is investigated based on surface EMG recorded during finger, hand, wrist and forearm motions. The results show that on average the experimental EMG PDF is closer to a Laplacian density, particularly for male subject and flexor muscle. For the amplitude estimation, MAV has a higher SNR, defined as the mean feature divided by its fluctuation, than RMS. Due to a same discrimination of RMS and MAV in feature space, MAV is recommended to be used as a suitable EMG amplitude estimator for EMG-based MCIs.
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Fletcher, J. D., M. M. Davidson, A. Horrocks e S. M. Skill. "Strains of YDV in autumn sown wheat grown in Canterbury". New Zealand Plant Protection 66 (8 gennaio 2013): 382. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2013.66.5693.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The prevalence of the YDV strains PAV MAV and RPV in autumnsown wheat grown in Canterbury was determined for plants exhibiting symptoms (red or yellow leaves) and neighbouring plants with green leaves from up to 17 wheat fields in Canterbury New Zealand A leaf from up to nine plants was tested individually using ELISA Plants with red leaves and yellow leaves were predominantly infected with PAV The prevalence of PAV in plants with green leaves was less marked In red and yellow plants MAV and RPV were equally prevalent but markedly less common than PAV This is in contrast to barley and oat plants tested in 198586 where the predominant strains were RPV and MAV Barley plants tested from a single location in 1996 were predominantly infected with the MAV strain In the present study there was high variability between wheat fields
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Kundu, J. K. "First Report of Barley yellow dwarf virus-MAV in Oat, Wheat, and Barley Grown in the Czech Republic". Plant Disease 93, n. 9 (settembre 2009): 964. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-93-9-0964b.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Barley yellow dwarf disease, a ubiquitous virus disease of cereal crops worldwide, is caused by a group of related, single-stranded RNA viruses assigned to Luteovirus (Barley yellow dwarf virus [BYDV] spp. PAV, PAS, MAV, and GAV) or Polerovirus (Cereal yellow dwarf virus-RPV) genera or unassigned to a genera (BYDV-SGV, BYDV-RMV, and BYDV-GPV) in the family Luteoviridae (1). Incidence of BYDV in cereal crops (e.g., barley, wheat, and oats) was high, and in recent years, reached epidemic levels in many regions of the Czech Republic. BYDV-PAV and BYDV-PAS have been identified in Czech cereal crops (2,4). Surveys of the incidence of BYDV were carried out using ELISA (SEDIAG SAS, Longvic, France) and one-step reverse transcription (RT)-PCR (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) (2) during 2007 and 2008. Samples (125) were collected from different fields around the Czech Republic and 96 were BYDV positive. Three of the field isolates, CZ-6815, CZ-1561, and CZ-10844, from oat (Avena sativa; cv. Auron), winter wheat (Triticum aestivum; cv. Apache), and winter barley (Hordeum vulgare; cv. Merlot), respectively, were identified as BYDV-MAV by sequencing of the RT-PCR product (641-bp fragment) used to identify BYDV, which spanned 2839–3479 of the BYDV genome (GenBank Accession Nos. EF043235 and NC_002160) (2). The partial coat protein gene sequence of 483 nt was compared with the available sequences of 12 BYDV-PAV isolates (PAV-JP, PAV-NY, PAV-ILL, PAV-AUS, PAV-WG2, PAV-whG4y3, PAV-on21-4, Tahoe1, CA-PAV, HB3, FH3, and MA9501); nine BYDV-PAS isolates (PAS-129, PAS-64, WS6603, WG13, PAS-Tcb4-1, PASwaw5-9, FL2, PAS-Vd29, and PAS-MA9516); and six BYDV-MAV isolates (MAV-CA, MAV-PS1X1, MAV-Alameds268, LMB2a, SI-o4, and MAV-CN) by MEGA4 (3). Nucleotide and amino acid sequence identities for the three isolates ranged from 92.9 to 99.4% and 88.0 to 95.8%, respectively, for available BYDV-MAV isolates; 76.8 to 78.2% and 62.7 to 67.6%, respectively, for available BYDV-PAS isolates; and 77.6 to 79.3% and 65.5 to 70.4%, respectively, for available PAV isolates. The sequence data indicates that these isolates (CZ-6815, CZ-1561, and CZ10844; GenBank Accession Nos. FJ645747, FJ645758, and FJ645746, respectively) are BYDV-MAV. To my knowledge, this is the first record of BYDV-MAV in the Czech Republic. References: (1) C. J. D'Arcy and L. L. Domier. Page 891 in: Virus Taxonomy-8th Report of the ICTV. C. M. Fauquet et al., eds. Springer-Verlag, NY, 2005. (2) J. K. Kundu. Plant Dis. 92:1587, 2008. (3) K. Tamura et al. Mol. Biol. Evol. 24:1596, 2007. (4) J. Vacke. Page 100 in: Sbornik Referatu z Odborneho Seminare, Aktualni Problemy Ochrany Polnich Plodin, Praha, 1991.