Tesi sul tema "Mate selection"
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1
Yoshida, Grazyella Massako. "Mate selection in aquaculture species". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/153170.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Os objetivos deste trabalho foram: (i) testar a eficiência do algoritmo de seleção de acasalamento (MS) em controlar o nível de endogamia e coascendência, além de aumentar os ganhos genéticos; (ii) incluir a variabilidade genética da futura progênie como componente de otimização na função objetiva de seleção de acasalamento usando dados de dois programas de melhoramento aquícolas; e (iii) comparar a MS com a seleção truncada (TS) e contribuição genética ótima (OCS), combinados com diferentes estratégias de acasalamentos para controlar a endogamia e manter os mesmo níveis de ganhos genéticos. Para os objetivos (i) e (ii), o total de 8.782 tilápias do Nilo (NT) de cinco gerações e 79.144 salmões coho (CS) de oito gerações foram utilizados para otimizar as funções objetivos e vinte gerações discretas foram simuladas para o objetivo (iii), considerando 50 famílias e 2.000 filhos por geração, e uma característica com herdabilidade igual a 0.30. As OFs foram otimizadas considerando a coascendência média dos pais, o mérito genético esperado, a endogamia da futura progênie para os objetivos (i) e (iii) e a variabilidade genética da futura progênie foi adicionada na OF para o objetivo (ii). Para o objetivo (i), a MS permitiu reduzir a endogamia em até 73% para tilápia do Nilo, em comparação com a seleção truncada e até 20% para o salmão coho, em comparação com o cenário real de acasalamento. No objetivo dois, a MS permitiu produzir progênie com maior (DP = 0.77 e 0.30 para NT e CS, respectivamente) ou menor (DP = 0.25 e 0.14 para NT e CS, respectivamente) dispersão dos valores genéticos, dependendo da função objetivo otimizada. A seleção de acasalamentos superou a seleção truncada e o cenário real de acasalamento e também foi possível alterar a variabilidade genética da futura progênie, quando esse componente foi considerado na OF utilizado os dados reais. Para os dados simulados, a MS teve melhor performance comparada com a TS e a OCS combinada com acasalamentos aleatórios. A curto-prazo, a MS foi mais eficiente do que a OCS combinada com os acasalamentos que minimizam a endogamia em controlar a endogamia sob o mesmo nível de ganho genético. Porém, a longo prazo os resultados entre as duas estratégias foram muito semelhantes. De forma geral, o algoritmo de seleção de acasalamentos foi eficiente e flexível em otimizar a função objetiva usando diferentes componentes, em diferentes aplicações práticas na aquicultura.
The aims of this work were: (i) test the efficiency of mate selection (MS) algorithm in controlling the inbreeding and coancestry level, as well, increase the genetic gain; (ii) include the genetic variability of the future progeny as component for the optimization of the MS objective function in two aquaculture real dataset; and (iii) compare MS among truncation selection (TS) and optimum contribution selection (OCS) scenarios combined to different mating strategies to assess the best method in controlling inbreeding and maintain the genetic gain, for aquaculture breeding using simulated dataset. For objective (i) and (ii), a total of 8,782 Nile tilapias (NT) from five generations and 79,144 coho salmon (CS) from eight generations were used to optimize the objective functions (OF) and twenty discrete generations were simulated for the objective (iii), considering 50 families and 2,000 offspring per generation, and a trait with heritability of 0.30. The OFs were optimized accounting to coancestry of parents, expected genetic merit and inbreeding of the future progeny for the objective (i) and (iii) and in addition the genetic variability of the future progeny was considered for the objective (ii). For the objective (i), the mate selection allowed reducing inbreeding up to 73% for NT, compared with truncation selection, and up to 20% for CS, compared with realized scenario. In the objective (ii), MS allowed producing animals with higher (SD = 0.77 and 0.30 for NT and CS, respectively) or lower (SD = 0.25 and 0.14 for NT and CS, respectively) dispersion of estimated breeding value, depending on the objective function optimized. For real data set the MS outperformed the real mates and truncation selection and in addition the genetic variability of the future progeny could be changed when this component was considered in the OF. For the simulated dataset, the MS outperformed the TS and OCS followed by random mating. In the short-term, MS was more efficient than OCS + inbreeding minimizing in controlling inbreeding under the same genetic gain. However, in the long-term, OCS and MS resulted in similar genetic progress and average inbreeding, under the same weight on coancestry. In general, the mate selection algorithm was efficient and flexible to optimize objective functions accounting for different components, under practical applications in aquaculture breeding.
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2
Head, Megan School of Biological Earth & Environmental Sciences UNSW. "Evolutionary consequences of the costs of mate choice". Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, 2005. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/22414.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
While the existence of costs of mate choice is well accepted, the effects that these costs have on mating systems and the evolution of mate choice are controversial. The aim of this thesis is to explore a range of different types of costs, including costs of being choosy (using guppies, Poecilia reticulata) and costs of mating with attractive males (using house crickets, Acheta domesticus), and investigate how these costs influence female mating behaviour, sexual selection on males and the evolution of mate choice. I use a range of experimental techniques to investigate these questions including: comparisons of feral populations of guppies (Chapter Two), laboratory experiments that manipulate the social (sex ratio, density; Chapters Three and Four) and physical (water current; Chapter Five) environment in which guppies live, genetic paternity analysis and multivariate selection analysis (Chapter Four). I also conduct longitudinal studies of house crickets that estimate the net fitness consequences (Chapter Six) and indirect effects (Chapter Six and Seven) of mating with attractive males. My results demonstrate that the physical and social environment of individuals are important in determining the costliness of both sexual display and mate choice, and thus influence the mating behaviour of males and females. These differences in mating behaviour are often thought to lead to differences in sexual selection on males. My study of the effects of operational sex ratio and density on multivariate sexual selection, however, indicates that differences in behaviour may not necessarily translate into differences in selection. In contrast to predictions of recent theory, my results also indicate that although there are many costs to being choosy and to mating with attractive males, these may be outweighed by indirect benefits. Hence, despite direct costs of choice, mate choice may evolve via indirect benefits to females. Indirect benefits that are often neglected in sexual selection studies, that I show to be important in determining the net fitness of mating with attractive males, include the attractiveness of sons and the mate choice decisions of daughters. These results highlight the importance of examining the consequences of mate choice over multiple generations.
3
Chen, Ruoxi. "A Cross-Cultural Study of Never-Married Chinese and American Adults' Mate Selection Perceptions and Criteria". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/52372.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Mate selection has garnered much attention in the existing literature. However, most mate selection research has reviewed mate selection preferences and criteria individually. In this study, the researcher attempted to illustrate mate selection as an interactive process in which individuals are affected by external influences, and their mate selection criteria are influenced by their self-appraisals and their perceptions of others' mate selection criteria. Two studies were conducted. Study 1 was based on social exchange theory, sexual strategies theory, and social context frameworks, and used multiple-group structural equation modeling to describe the relationships among gender, receptivity to external influences on mate selection, self-perceived relative mate selection position, and relative mate selection demand, between Chinese and American never-married heterosexual adults. The results indicated that the model fit the data well.
Self-perceived relative mate selection position and relative mate selection demand were negatively correlated. Women had a higher relative mate selection demand than men did. Self-perceived relative mate selection position fully mediated the effect of receptivity to external influences on relative mate selection, though the indirect effect was not significant. Path values did not differ between Chinese participants and American participants. Study 2 confirmed that the model fit the data well and replicated all significant correlations among latent variables found in Study 1. Additionally, Study 2 found that receptivity to external influences and self-perceived relative mate selection position were positively correlated, and that receptivity to external influences had a negative indirect effect on relative mate selection demand, fully mediated by relative mate selection position. Lastly, the researcher discussed findings, implications, strengths, limitations, and future directions of the present study.Ph. D.
4
Nebl, Patrick J. "The Effect of Female Orgasm Frequency on Female Mate Selection and Male Investment". Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1416233956.
Testo completo
5
Collins, Sarah Amanda. "Some factors affecting female mate preference". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.305998.
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6
Meyer, Timothy. "A Test of Two-axis Male Mate Choice in Schizocosa Ocreata (Hentz) Based on Experience and Cues Indicating Female State". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1505149313740743.
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7
Timm, Andreas. "Partnerwahl- und Heiratsmuster in modernen Gesellschaften : der Einfluss des Bildungssystems /". Wiesbaden : Dt. Univ.-Verl, 2004. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=013025558&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
Testo completo
8
Suvanto, L. (Leena). "Mate choice and genetic variation in male courtship song in Drosophila montana". Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 1999. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514251911.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract
This thesis deals with factors affecting mate choice as well
as with genetic variation in male courtship song in Drosophila
montana. Males, which produced song with a high carrier
frequency, were found to court females, and also to succeed in
their courtship more often than the males producing low frequency
song. Male mating success correlated with the carrier frequency
of his song recorded after, but not before, an "artificial
winter", which suggests that a sexually selected male
trait is sensitive to environmental factors. A high carrier frequency
of male courtship song correlated positively with the survival
rate of the male's progeny from egg to adulthood (indirect
benefit for the female), but not with the fecundity of his mating
partner (no direct benefit for the female).
The heritabilities and the amount of additive and residual
variation in male courtship song characters were measured in two
populations using father-son regression and sib analysis. The songs
of the males from one of these populations were analysed for a
second time after the cold treatment. Most heritability values
were insignificant, largely due to high residual variation. During
the cold treatment, the additive variation increased and the residual
variation decreased in almost all song traits. Increased variation
in sexually selected traits may help the females to exercise selection between
the males during the mating season of the flies in the wild in
spring. This, and the fact that male song gives the female information
about the male's condition/genetic quality suggests
that in this species the evolution of female preferences for male
song characters could have evolved through condition-dependent
viability selection as postulated by "good genes" models.
Variation and inbreeding depression/heterosis were
studied in traits associated with fly reproduction using inbred
D. montana strains. Songs, hydrocarbons and some behavioural traits
of the flies varied significantly between strains. The strain of
both sexes affected female egg-laying, and the female strain, also,
the survival rate of the flies' progeny, in different
intra- and interspecific combinations. Heterosis was found in the
mating propensity of the flies and in the carrier frequency of
the male song. Diallel analysis revealed unidirectional dominance
towards higher carrier frequency. This direction is the same as
the direction of sexual selection exercised by the females of this
species suggesting that sexual selection could be a driving force
in evolution of this song trait.
9
Lin, Szu-Yu. "Insider Perspectives of Mate Selection in Modern Chinese Society". BYU ScholarsArchive, 2018. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7698.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
With the increased exposure to Western cultures and the transition towards modernization, Chinese society has experienced substantial social change, which has influenced marital relationships. Although recent research has documented contemporary patterns of marital interaction, less is known about what Chinese adults consider to be an ideal marital partner and what their parent' roles play in the mate selection process. What do contemporary Chinese adults value in a partner? How much parental influence is involved in choosing an ideal marital partner? These questions were addressed by conducting six focus groups in Taipei, Taiwan. The focus groups included a total of 51 participants (male = 25; female = 26) and included separate groups for middle-aged married men, middle-aged married women, younger married men, younger married women, never-married young adult men, and never-married young adult women. The results from qualitative analysis indicated three major themes in an ideal partner: family-of-origin (e.g., similar family background, good relationship with in-laws), personal qualities (e.g., financially stable, responsible), and relationship qualities (e.g., getting along, communicating well, mutual respect, gender equality). These results indicate that contemporary Chinese adults value a combination of traditional Chinese (e.g., similar family background) and Western (e.g. good communication) values. When it comes to parental approval on their marriage, most younger participants reported that they would marry a person despite their parents' disapproval, although many indicated that they would want their parents' approval because it would increase family harmony. The older participants, on the other hand, were more likely to still favor parents having significant influence on who their children marry. Overall, the young Chinese participants showed greater incorporation of Western values than the older participants. These findings suggest that modern Chinese society is being increasingly influenced by individualistic Western values.
10
Raterman, Jessica. "Mate Selection Preferences of Senescing Adults in Cincinnati, Ohio". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1527606583360968.
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11
Haselton, Martie Gail. "An adaptationist perspective on humor: Humor and mate selection". W&M ScholarWorks, 1997. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626137.
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12
Young, Margaret H. "Mate Selection in Contemporary America: An Exchange Theory Perspective". DigitalCommons@USU, 1989. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/2360.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The use of exchange theory as it applies to human relations has escalated dramatically in the past 20 years. The present study applies exchange theory as the basis of mate selection in contemporary society. Whereas an actual barter system was used in the past and families played a major role in choosing prospective mates, participants in the mate selection process are not virtually on their own and must rely upon their own bargaining skills to present their assets on the marriage market. A number of characteristics are thought to enhance or detract from a person's "worth" on the marriage market. Over 900 college students from nine universities across the united states were surveyed in order to ascertain what they considered valuable in a potential mate, and important variables in the mate selection process were determined. Comparisons were made among gender, race, marital status, family size and configuration, socioeconomic status, religious orientation, and geographical region of the United States. The results indicate that important differences exist among the various groups concerning what characteristics enhance or detract from an individual's worth on the marriage market in contemporary America. Finally, it was determined that marital worth of individuals can theoretically be measured.
13
Ophir, Alexander G. Galef Bennett G. "Mate assessment and non-independent mate choice by female Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) /". *McMaster only, 2003.
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14
Pomiankowski, A. N. "Sexual selection : 'good genes' or 'aesthetic' preference". Thesis, University of Sussex, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380527.
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Sprague, Casey. "Relative Importance of Male Song on Female Mate Selection in the Zebra Finch (Taeniopygia Guttata)". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2014. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/488.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata), song and its social context play an important role in female mate selection. The song of the zebra finch is unique in that it can only be produced by males, which makes the species ideal for analyzing the components of male song that influence female song preference and mate selection. There are three consistent features of zebra finch song that affect female mate preference: 1) the amount of time a male sings, 2) the size and complexity of his song repertoire, and 3) the structural conformation to species or population norms (reviewed in Nowicki et al. 2002). During courtship, male zebra finches often express ‘static-visual’ and ‘dynamic-visual’ elements in sync with song (Morris 1954), which would suggest that such behaviors also play a role in influencing female mate preference. However, with courtship comes the competition between males for the attention of potential mates. These agonistic interactions between males act settle disputes over access to mates, and as such, are also likely to influence female mate selection. As follows, we predict that, at the initial onset of courtship, there would be a higher prevalence of male-to-female courting interactions and singing behavior in comparison to male-to-male agonistic tendencies if female mate selection is fundamentally determined by song preference. However if female mate selection is more complicated than simple song preference, we would expect to initially observe a higher number of agonistic interactions between males as they compete for dominance. This hypothesis was tested by recording and analyzing the behavioral interactions between male and female zebra finches in the context of song complexity. We found that different males scored higher for song complexity than those for expression of courtship behaviors, which indicates that different elements of male courtship display likely influence female mate preference. Our data comparing male-to-male interactions and male-to-female interactions within the first 30 minutes after introduction was statistically insignificant, suggesting that female mate selection is more complicated than simple song preference. This preliminary research can be used as a basis for future studies using quantitative movement tracking analysis, which would further strengthen these initial observations. By increasing our understanding of the influence the male song has on female mate selection, we can better expound upon the nature and function of the favored traits that male songbirds possess and the benefits that females and their progeny might gain from choosing a male with these particular attributes.
16
Forsberg, Lars. "Genetic Aspects of Sexual Selection and Mate Choice in Salmonids". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Populationsbiologi, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-8837.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The long-term genetic consequences of supportive breeding programs are not well understood. Nevertheless, stocking populations with hatchery-produced fish to compensate for losses of natural production are common practice, for example after constructions of hydroelectric power dams. Hatcheries typically fertilize eggs using ‘mixed-milt fertilizations’, without consideration to natural reproductive behaviours, and hence, natural selective regimes would be altered. Here, a series of experiments with focus on Mhc and mate choice in a population of brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) with a history of long-term stocking are presented. The major histocompatibility complex (Mhc) constitutes of genes coding for antigen presentation in the vertebrate immune system. In addition to the immunological function, Mhc genes might also influence reproductive behaviours such as mate choice. For example, in some species individuals are able to recognize Mhc genotypes of potential mates and to some extent base their mate choice on this information. Here, I address these questions on brown trout. Can the phenomena be observed in brown trout? Could such mechanisms help individuals to avoid inbreeding, or are other mechanisms important? How does the artificial rearing of fish for enhancement of natural populations relate to these issues? The results presented here, in combination with previous work, shows that several factors are important in the process of pair formation in salmonid species. For example, females of the studied population used more than a single criterion when choosing among the available mates Mhc genes and males with certain Mhc genotypes achieved more matings, possibly an effect from increased fighting ability. Further, the population appears to contain an unnatural high level of Mhc variation, and some results indicate that the population might suffer from outbreeding depression at the Mhc. These negative effects are most likely derived from compression of sub-populations after dam-construction, in combination with supportive breeding with no consideration to natural spawning behaviour.
17
Shohet, Adam Joseph. "Mate choice and sexual selection in the guppy, Poecilia reticulata". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269307.
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Chang, Jung-Fu. "A simulation matching approach of mate selection : an integration study". Thesis, University of Reading, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.362226.
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Sheridan, Letitia Anne Devoy. "Sexual selection symmetry, inbreeding and mate choice in Trinidadian guppies". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.263266.
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Trelfa, Richard P. "Blind date : mate selection in visually impaired and sighted populations". Thesis, Durham University, 2004. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1794/.
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21
Blankinship, Tamra Townsley. "Characteristic preferences in mate selection among college students : a comparison study spanning the late twentieth century into the early twenty-first century /". Read thesis online, 2008. http://library.uco.edu/UCOthesis/BlankinshipT2008.pdf.
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South, Sandra. "The Evolution of Sexually Homologous Ornaments : Selection via Male Mate Choice Coinciding with Male-Male Competition in a Neotropical Mosquito". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Zooekologi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-141936.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The evolution of elaborate male ornaments via sexual selection is well-understood while the selective pressures acting on female ornaments remains unresolved. Female ornaments in species with strong sexual selection on the male homologue of the ornament were originally thought to result from an intersexual genetic correlation. My thesis explores the evolution of ornaments in females due to direct selection by developing theoretical models and examining the biology of a neotropical mosquito (Sabethes cyaneus) with sexually homologous ornaments coinciding with male-male competition. I began by exploring the morphology of the ornaments in both sexes of S. cyaneus. Sexual dimorphism in the size and shape of the ornaments was slight and both male and female ornaments showed classic hallmarks of sexually selected traits. I then tested for direct selection on S. cyaneus male and female ornaments via mutual mate choice. I found evidence of male, but surprisingly not female, preferences for ornaments. I then further considered the evolution of male mate choice in polygynous species. First, I investigated whether male investment in courtship by S. cyaneus may result in a lower operational sex ratio and thereby reduce the costs associated with male mate choice. Male courtship did pose a significant longevity cost to male S. cyaneus. Second, I explored the possibility that a female preference for male courtship effort may contribute to the benefits of male mate choice in a series of population genetic models. The spread of a male preference gene can be driven by female preferences for male courtship when males court preferred females more. Finally, I found that female S. cyaneus are not benefitting from signalling to increase their mating rate as they are monandrous. My thesis therefore challenges standing sexual selection theory and suggests that sexual selection on females may be more widespread than previously thought.Felaktigt tryckt som Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology 729
23
Smith, Elizabeth Jane. "Ultraviolet vision and mate choice in the guppy, Poecilia reticulata". Thesis, University of Bristol, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390642.
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Herovic, Emina. "The Role of Acculturation on Bosnian Refugee Adult Child Mate Selection". UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/comm_etds/9.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Forced by the atrocities of war from their native country, Bosnian families came to United States seeking refuge and a new life. Immigrating to a new country, however, involves the process of acculturation which can dilute many native practices. Like many refugees that immigrated, Bosnians sought to adapt to the American way of life, while keeping their traditional ethnic customs, practices, and religion (Val & Iain-Walker, 2003). Many Bosnian refugee parents worked to keep the Bosnian practices prevalent in their first and second generation Bosnian American children. By doing so, Bosnian parents imbedded into their children the original customs, practices, and traditions of the Bosnian culture. Moreover, they raised their children to have great pride in their native country. Part of keeping the native culture alive, as an adult child of a refugee, involved marrying someone of the same ethnic and religious background (Inman, Howard, Beaumont, &Walker, 2007). Using Communication Acculturation Theory, this study examined the relationship between the degree of acculturation of Bosnian refugees in the United States and their preference and stress level in relational partner selection taking into consideration parental pressure and ethnic group community expectations. Results from this study find that acculturation is negatively correlated with the preference for a Bosnian mate but only the amount of interpersonal intimate communication the Bosnian members has with Bosnians and non-Bosnians is indicative of any mate selection stress experienced. Further, ethnic group community expectations and parental pressure are positively correlated with preference for a Bosnian mate, but only the expectations of the ethnic group and not pressure from parents was correlated with any stress the individual feels to find a Bosnian mate.
25
Fry, Rodney. "Self-adaptive mate choice : extending the selection model in genetic programming". Thesis, University of York, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.437598.
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Evans, Kristine Udell. "Late-Life Mate Selection: Dating Patterns in an Older Age Group". DigitalCommons@USU, 1991. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/2357.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This exploratory study is a description of the older dater and his/her attitudes and perceptions about dating, a comparison within the same cohort of youthful and late-life dating and mate selection, and a description of the patterns of dating in the elder years. It is a non-random collection of interviews with 38 single men and women over the age of 59 in two counties in Utah.
Older daters were found to have been married for much of their lives previous to dating. They perceived themselves to be in good health and financial condition and were fairly well-educated. They lived independently and had available and supportive family and friend relationships. They had good concepts of themselves and their ability to attract dating partners. Little resistance was perceived from significant others or the general public to their dating.
Older people were not found to be more conservative in choosing mates than they were when they were young except in valuing romantic love, sexual attraction and interest in sex less now than during their youth. They also accepted divorce in potential partners and height differences more now than when they were young. They were less accepting now of poor financial conditions.
The primary motive for dating and for remarriage in late life was to find companionship. Monogamous dating relationships were the norm. The primary functions of dating were friendship and sharing confidences. Dating partners were met most often through mutual acquaintances or during previous marriages. Dating format and activities for the elderly were similar to those of youthful daters, except at a slower pace.
27
Persaud, Kamini N. Galef Bennett G. "Male sexual coercion, female mate choice and control of fertilization in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) /". *McMaster only, 2005.
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28
Crean, Caroline Sara. "Variation in female mate preference in the seaweed fly, Coelopa frigida". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243493.
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Thorsen, Philip Edward Lamke Leanne K. "Trust in dating relationships the role of communal orientation /". Auburn, Ala., 2006. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2006%20Fall/Theses/THORSEN_PHILIP_11.pdf.
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Unis, Sanya Kalle. "Effect of religiosity on the selection of life long mate in Pentecostal adult church attendees : a project based upon an independent investigation /". View online, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10090/5940.
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Norton, Sephanie S. "MATING BEHAVIOR AND MATE PREFERENCE IN SCHIZOCOSA OCREATA WOLF SPIDERS: THE FEMALE PERSPECTIVE". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin998333694.
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Servedio, Maria Rose. "Preferences, signals, and evolution : theoretical studies of mate choice copying, reinforcement, and aposematic coloration /". Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Moore, Fhionna R. "The effects of female status on sex differentiated mate preferences". Thesis, St Andrews, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/332.
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Sleiman, Mona. "Single white attractive female searching for Mr. Right, characteristics in mate selection". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0029/MQ62286.pdf.
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Brar, Navdeep K. "Acculturation and mate selection preferences among Asian-Indians in the United States". Virtual Press, 1998. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1074529.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In the psychological literature little has been written about Asian-Indians residing in the United States. Still, previous writers have noted that conflicts between parents and offspring in this population frequently revolve around issues of dating and mate selection. In the current study, I investigated the relationship between acculturation and mate selection preferences among Asian-Indians in the United States. The hypothesis was that respondents who spent their childhood in India would demonstrate Eastern mate selection preferences regardless of degree of acculturation, whereas for respondents who spent their childhood in the United States, acculturation would be predictive of mate selection preferences. Results revealed that generation and acculturation were too highly related to consider them as independent constructs. Therefore, the original hypotheses could not be tested. Factor analysis revealed that the mate selection characteristics loaded onto eight factors. Acculturation was inversely related to emphasis on traditional Eastern social status characteristics in a potential mate. Results are discussed with regard to implications for counseling and future research.Department of Psychological Science
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Kilduff, Ian Andrew. "Mate choice and reproductive success in the speckled bushcricket, Leptophyes punctatissima". Thesis, Open University, 2000. http://oro.open.ac.uk/54186/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Leptophyes punctatissima is unusual in that both sexes call. The male calls, the female replies and the male performs phonotaxis to the stationary female. Consequently mate choice could occur at either of two stages: first, during the interchange of calls and second, on the basis of proximate criteria once the male has approached. There is no evidence that females choose their mates on the basis of calling behaviour or call characteristics, though males that call more may achieve more matings. There is no evidence that body asymmetry has any effect on mating success for either sex. Males on a protein-supplemented diet do not produce larger spermatophores than males whose diet is not supplemented, but they do mate more often, possibly as a result of female choice but more likely because diet affects the rate at which males can produce spermatophores. Unsupplemented females mate more often than supplemented females, possibly as a result of male male choice or because they are seeking matings so that they can supplement their diet with spermatophores. Males give larger spermatophores to unsupplemented females. Larger males produce larger spermatophores. They also mate more often than smaller males, possibly as a consequence of female choice, success in male-male contests, or because larger males have larger energy reserves and can produce spermatophores more quickly. Larger females mate more often than smaller females but only when their diet was supplemented. Females lay more eggs the more times they mate. Females lay heavier eggs after their first mating than they do in later batches, and unsupplemented females lay more eggs after their first mating than supplemented females do, but otherwise female size, diet or level of asymmetry has no effect on the size or weight of eggs, or the number of eggs laid. The total weight of spermatophores females receive does not affect any measure of female reproductive success: neither fecundity, egg size or egg weight is affected by the weight of spermatophores females consume, irrespective of the diet the females were maintained on. Diet, size or number of matings does not affect female longevity.
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Stirrat, Michael. "Sexual selection and trust games". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/1014.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In economic games the facial attributes of counterparts bias decisions to trust and decisions to enter play. We report research supporting hypotheses that trust and reciprocation decisions in trust games are biased by mechanisms of sexual selection. Hypotheses that trust game behaviour is modulated by inter-sexual competition were supported. 1) Attractive individuals elicit more cooperation. 2) Male participants display trust and reciprocation toward attractive female counterparts in excess of perceived trustworthiness (and this display is modulated by male self-reported physical dominance). 3) Female participants appear to respond to male trust as a signal of sexual interest and are therefore more likely to exploit the trust of attractive males. 4) In explicitly dating contexts females are more likely to prefer attractive males to pay for the meal. These results indicate that participants are biased by mate choice and mating display considerations while playing economic games in the lab. Hypotheses that trust game behaviour is modulated by intra-sexual competition for resources were also somewhat supported. 1) Male participants reporting an ability to win fights with same-sex peers are more exploitative of other males. 2) Cues to current circulating testosterone level in counterpart’s faces are less trusted but elicit more reciprocation. 3) The male sexually dimorphic trait facial width-to-height ratio (a trait which is related to both aggression and dominance) is related to an increased proportion of decisions to exploit others in the trust game while also being used by others as a cue to untrustworthiness. We conclude that trusting and trustworthy behaviour in both sexes is biased by mating market considerations predicted by intra- and inter-sexual selection.
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Orrell, Kimberly Sue. "Intersexual Communication, Male Mate Preference, and Reproductive Energetics of the Polygynous Lizard, Anolis Carolinensis". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28366.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Particularly lacking in the current body of sexual selection literature are studies based on reptile species and intrasexually selected mating systems. Because the life history traits and ecology of reptiles are dramatically different from other animal taxa, current models of sexual selection are insufficient for predicting how sexual selection should influence the behavior and mating systems of lizards. Similarly, intersexually selected mating systems (i.e., based on female choice) are inappropriate predictive models for examining species with intrasexually selected mating systems (i.e., based on consexual contests). I investigated three aspects of Anolis carolinensis behavior and mating system (communication signals, male mate preference, and reproductive energetics) to contribute to a theoretical model for sexual selection based on a lizard with an intrasexually selected, polygynous mating system.
In my first study, I quantified the structure and use of signals exchanged by both sexes, compared signal structure and use during heterosexual interactions to that of other social contexts (e.g., male-alone, male-male, female-female), then related signal structure and use to the species mating system. During heterosexual interactions, both sexes performed three kinds of stereotypic headbob displays with equal precision that were essentially identical to those previously documented for other social contexts. Thus, there is no courtship-specific headbob display for A. carolinensis. However, male and female signal use was extremely dimorphic. For the purpose of indicating sexual identity, the sexually dimorphic patterns of signal use were excessively redundant, yet equivocal. Although the male pattern of signal use reliably conveys sexual identity, the female pattern of signal use conveys ambiguous sexual identity. Based on circumstantial evidence from other studies, I propose the hypothesis that the female pattern of signal use may permit female-sized, nonterritorial males to mimic female signals. Small males may be selected to use female mimicry to gain access to the territories of larger males and mating opportunities with resident females, while females may be indirectly selected to use a signaling pattern that provides them with an alternative mating option. From field and laboratory data on A. carolinensis signal behavior during other social contexts and the species' female-defense mating system, I evaluate proposed functions for heterosexual signaling from a perspective of intrasexual selection.
In my second study, I tested the prediction that males should include a preference for mating with novel females (PNF) as part of their mating strategy. This prediction was supported by both laboratory and field manipulations. Compared to their encounters with resident females, males during laboratory encounters with novel females significantly increased their display rate, volley frequency, volley length, and significantly decreased the distance and number of movements traveled away from the female. My laboratory data also suggest that males discriminated novel females from resident females independently of female behavioral or chemical cues. Similarly, compared to their interactions with resident females, free-ranging males responded to introduced novel females by significantly increasing the proportion of time spent in female-directed activities and the proportion of displays directed toward novel females, and significantly decreasing the proportion of time spent in territorial activities and the proportion of displays used in territorial activities. Data from both experiments indicate that males appear to distinguish among individual females, and use this ability to increase reproductive success by identifying and preferentially pursuing novel females over previously inseminated resident females. I suggest that males are able to cognitively identify individual resident females, and use this ability to control mating decisions within their territories.
In my third study, I examined the energy expenditure of males and females during breeding and postbreeding seasons. I used laboratory respirometry to determine resting metabolic rates, and the doubly-labeled water technique to determine field metabolic rates in free-ranging lizards. Resting metabolic rates were significantly influenced by body mass and season, but not sex. Field metabolic rates were significantly influenced by body mass, but not sex or season. I attributed the ~40% seasonal increase in resting metabolic rates to a seasonal increase in feeding rates and the effect of specific dynamic action. Resting and field metabolic rates were used to calculate energy budgets for each sex during breeding and postbreeding seasons, and to calculate the energy expended by each sex for reproduction. Despite having 40% smaller body mass, females expended 46% more energy for reproduction than males, and a similar amount of total maintenance energy as males. The total maintenance energy of males was similar during both seasons, however that of females decreased 44% from breeding to postbreeding season. I found both seasonal and sexual differences in the amount of energy lizards allocated to resting and activity. Anolis carolinensis had field metabolic rates that were similar to tropical and temperate species of lizards, and higher than lizards from arid/semiarid environments. Anolis carolinensis also expended more energy on eggs, and more total energy during the breeding season, than lizards from arid/semiarid habitats.Ph. D.
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Albert, Arianne Yvonne Kirk. "Speciation and the evolution of mating preferences in threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus)". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/60.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
My Ph.D. research has examined the evolution of mating preferences and their role in speciation. I have addressed these topics empirically, using sympatric species pairs of limnetic and benthic threespine sticklebacks, and theoretically, with multilocus population genetics. Sticklebacks are small fish that occur in lakes, streams and estuaries throughout British Columbia. Most lakes contain one type of stickleback, however, several lakes support two differentially adapted sympatric species: a large benthic form (benthic), and a smaller zooplanktivorous form (limnetic).
Chapter 2 examines the role of species interactions in shaping male mating preferences. I determined that the mate preferences of the small species have shifted from preferring large females (the ancestral state) to preferring small females due either to selection against hybrids (reinforcement), or to egg predation by the larger benthic species.
Chapter 3 explores the idea that sexual imprinting may facilitate assortative mating between benthic and limnetic sticklebacks. Sexual imprinting occurs when individuals imprint on the phenotype of their parents, and subsequently prefer mates that resemble their parents. The results suggested that sexual imprinting does not contribute to assortative mating between the sympatric species pairs, implying that genetics are more important than early learning for the formation of mate preferences.
Chapter 4 focuses on differences in male breeding colour between benthics and limnetics. The results reveal that limnetic males have more intense red and blue coloration than benthic and solitary males. These differences in colour could be due to reinforcement, to differences in visual sensitivity of females, or to territorial interactions between males.
Chapter 5 examines the evolution of female mating preferences under different scenarios of sex-linkage, when the male display trait is sexually antagonistic. Theoretical analysis suggests that sexually antagonistic traits on the X chromosome (males XY, females XX), females will evolve to prefer mates carrying alleles beneficial to their daughters. In contrast, with a Z-linked trait (males ZZ, females ZW), females more often evolve preferences for mates carrying alleles beneficial to their sons (e.g., flashy displays). This provides an explanation for why males in ZW species have more elaborate sexual displays than males in XY species.
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Behnken, Julie A. (Julie Ann). "No Fairy Godmothers: Essays on Life, Love, and Feminism". Thesis, University of North Texas, 1998. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278569/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Heterosexual romance and marriage are institutionalized ideals in our society, set forth, in part, through the portrayal of stereotyped gender roles in fairy tales, such as Cinderella, and by the mainstream media. This thesis explores the cultural messages aimed at women, which impose the necessity of altering oneself to achieve marriage, and offers feminist viewpoints. Using the form of the personal essay, I discuss the ideals of Cinderella, Prince Charming, marriage, and Happily Ever After as unrealistic, though still prevalent, given the popularity of books like The Rules: Time-tested Secrets for Capturing the Heart of Mr. Right, and Princess Diana as Cinderella icon. Essays on my own experience of marriage and divorce supplement the cultural issues, juxtaposing the personal and political toward a new paradigm for relationships.
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Miller, Roseanne. "Mating plasticity within a natural population of sea trout (Salmo trutta) and the effects of the Major Histocompatibility Complex on mate choice and survival". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2014. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=229730.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The genes of the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) represent the most diverse genomic region in vertebrates, and has become a paradigm both for adaptively important genetic variation and how balancing selection can act to retain diversity in the face of gene flow. Within this thesis I examined how the natural mating system of a population of sea trout (Salmo trutta) located in a stream in N E Scotland, affected levels of genetic diversity at both neutral microsatellite loci and at the MHC. High levels of multiple mating were observed for both males and females whereby females mated with as many as nine males during one spawning event and often spawned at multiple nests and males mated with as many as nine females. Repeat spawning events including the same mate pairs was common, perhaps indicating mate choice. Indeed majority males (those which sired the highest number of offspring within a nest) sired more MHC divergent offspring than expected under random mating i.e. individual offspring's maternally and paternally inherited MHC sequences contained a higher number of polymorphic sites than expected under random mating. This may indicate a mating strategy whereby disassortative MHC mate choice increases offspring diversity. Although, MHC played a significant role in mate selection¸ no selective effect of MHC diversity or genotype was found to influence offspring survival in c.8 month old parr. However, any affect may be masked by the strong family group structure within the offspring population with clustering of highly related individuals. Selective mating resulting in high individual diversity and high diversity across the offspring cohort may act as a bet hedging mechanism maximising the chances that at least some offspring will be genetically equipped to deal with selective pressures in the environment. The findings of this thesis highlight the complexity of individual mating systems and the implications that mating practices such as multiple mating and mate choice can have on offspring genetic diversity.
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Schuett, Wiebke. "Sexual selection and personality in zebra finches, Taeniopygia guttata". Thesis, University of Exeter, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/68133.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Despite recent increasing interest in the existence of animal personality, i.e. intra-individual consistency and inter-individual variation in the level of a behavioural trait, the evolutionary (and ecological) consequences of these consistent behavioural differences remain poorly understood. Some recent studies have revealed that variation in animal personalities might be linked to competitive interactions, resulting from natural selection. However, since personalities might similarly affect mate acquisition and reproductive success, it seems crucial to also explore their evolution under the framework of sexual selection theory. In this thesis I investigate the influence of personality on mate choice, reproductive success, female-male and male-male interactions, using zebra finches, Taeniopygia guttata, as a model species. After (I) I review the few existing studies assessing the link between sexual selection and personality, I propose a framework on the relationship between sexual selection and personality. Subsequently, (II) I show with different experimental approaches for the first time that (a) females choose males on the basis of their behaviour per se (male behaviour was experimentally disentangled from any appearance effects) whilst considering their own personality in their choice: less exploratory females did not distinguish between exploratory and non-exploratory appearing males, whereas moderately and highly exploratory females preferred similar males. (b) These preferences have an adaptive value to the exploratory females: exploratory females which had a behaviourally similar partner raised chicks in best condition but chicks in worst condition if they had a dissimilar partner. Low exploration females always raised chicks in intermediate condition, which may explain why they did not choose males on the basis of their exploratory behaviour. (c) I provide evidence that the combination of personalities in a pair, not only in terms of the level of the behaviour but also in terms of the behavioural consistency, influence reproductive success. However, this was only true for foster but not genetic parents, suggesting that behavioural rather than genetic compatibility (for the measured personality traits) is important for reproduction. (d) Moreover, some male behavioural characteristics appear to be a signal of male quality: highly exploratory foster males raised chicks (both males and females) in best condition, which themselves raised foster chicks of increased conditions. (e) Furthermore, a number of sex differences in personality traits (both level and consistency) are identified, including different responses to social interactions. (f) Additionally, I show how females with different exploratory tendencies differ in their movement patterns during mate choice. (g) Finally, I demonstrate that in competitive male-male situations, a measurement of condition, the fat score, and aggressive behaviour are positively correlated. These findings are set into sexual selection context (but other evolutionary processes are also considered) and both their ecological and evolutionary consequences are discussed. I outline how these results make a valuable contribution to the research field and discuss their potential to indicate new directions for future studies.
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Knafler, Gabrielle Josephine. "MHC Diversity and Mate Choice in the Magellanic Penguin, Spheniscus Magellanicus". Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1319558569.
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Qian, Yue. "Mate Selection in America:Do Spouses’ Incomes Converge When the Wife Has More Education?" The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1460461118.
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Bargelletti, Olivia. "Mate preference in female weakly electric fish, Apteronotus leptorhynchus". Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=100762.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This study explores the morphology and electrical behavior of breeding weakly electric fish. Wave-type electric fish communicate by means of a continuous oscillatory electric signal produced by an electric organ. The electric organ discharges at frequencies which are sexually dimorphic in many species of electric fish. This dimorphism is thought to be attributed to female mate choice, although to date, there is no evidence for mate choice or intrasexual competition to have driven the evolution of this signaling dimorphism in wave-type electric fish. Here, I have tracked changes in body shape and electric organ discharge (EOD) frequency of A. leptorhynchus throughout a breeding conditioning period. I find that only females alter the shape of their bodies, presumably to account for increasing egg mass, during the breeding conditioning period. Throughout this period, both females and males do not alter their EOD frequencies significantly. Gravid females were used in an unforced preference test, where they were presented with two live, male A. leptorhynchus. Female preference was indicated by a passage of the female into one of the two male compartments. I find that females show a preference for higher EOD frequency males, while no preference is shown for longer, heavier or larger-amplitude males. Further investigations are needed to dissociate the role of EOD frequency from potentially correlated male traits, such as rate and type of modulations of EOD frequency. The finding of this study that female A. leptorhynchus prefer males of higher EOD frequency establishes wave-type weakly electric fish as a promising model system for the study of the evolution and the sensory mechanisms of female choice.
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Walters, Lindsey A. "Mate quality and parental investment in the house wren". Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2008.
Cerca il testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (PH.D.)--Michigan State University. Zoology Ecology, Evolutionay Biology, and Behavior, 2008.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Aug. 11, 2009) Includes bibliographical references (p. 64-72). Also issued in print.
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Kleinas, Nicole L. "Variation in female mate preference for a male trait that provides information about growth rate in the swordtail Xiphophorus multilineatus". Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1439637034.
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Lie, Hanne Cathrine. "The role of genetic diversity in human sexual selection : is the MHC special?" University of Western Australia. School of Psychology, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2010.0053.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
[Truncated abstract] The assumption that facial attractiveness signals mate quality is central to current evolutionary theories of human sexual selection. Evidence for direct links between attractiveness and mate quality is, however, scarce, and the exact nature of mate quality remains the subject of debate. Mate quality may include genetic diversity, because genome-wide diversity has been linked to individual fitness, and diversity within the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) has been associated with immunocompetence and health in many species. This thesis investigates whether individual genetic diversity plays a role in human sexual selection. The main aim is to examine whether MHC diversity, compared to genetic diversity in general, is especially important for mate preferences, health and mating success. The four studies herein are based on data collected from a large sample of heterosexual, Caucasian males and females. Participants were photographed, provided a DNA sample, and completed questionnaires regarding sexual history and health. Genetic diversity was calculated as both mean heterozygosity (H) and standardised mean-d2 (d2), separately for 12 MHC microsatellite loci and 11 nonMHC loci. The photographs were rated for various attractive features by opposite-sex raters. The first study investigated whether MHC diversity influences preferences for facial appearance in a potential mate, and if so, are they specific to the MHC and are they mediated by specific facial characteristics? I found that MHC-H, but not nonMHCH, positively predicted male facial attractiveness, and that this relationship was mediated by facial averageness. For females, nonMHC-d2 predicted facial symmetry, and potentially attractiveness. These findings indicate that faces contain visual cues to mate quality in both males and females, providing support for evolutionary theories that our preferences are adaptations for identifying mates of high quality. ... Measuring them both allowed me to tease apart their effects on mate preferences, and on health and mating success. Indeed, the MHC appears to be especially important in sexual selection as MHC diversity predicted female mate preferences after controlling for nonMHC diversity, and MHC dissimilarity predicted male mate preferences after controlling for nonMHC dissimilarity. Moreover, although MHC diversity did not appear to influence males preference for females, it did predict female mating success, suggesting that males also attend to MHC-related cues, although perhaps non-facial cues, when seeking mates. Additionally, nonMHC diversity predicted both male preferences for female faces and health, suggesting that such preferences are adaptive. Importantly, by providing direct links between facial attractiveness and biological markers of individual quality, genetic diversity, these results support the commonly held assumption that facial attractiveness signals mate quality.
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Stoffer, Brent M. "Social Context and Mate-Choice Plasticity in a Wolf Spider". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1448037275.
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Moskalik, Brian. "Condition dependence and sexual selection in a wolf spider". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1281458770.
Testo completo