Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Maritime communities"
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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Maritime communities"
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Suroto, Hari, e Erlin N. I. Djami. "BUDAYA MARITIM DI PESISIR UTARA PAPUA (Maritime Culture in the Papua North Coast)". Jurnal Penelitian Arkeologi Papua dan Papua Barat 10, n. 1 (30 giugno 2018): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.24832/papua.v10i1.244.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The sea has been instrumental in the life of coastal communities of northern Papua since prehistoric times to historical times. The sea becomes a source of food and a means of liaison with the outside through a series of voyages. It is interesting to do maritime archeological research on the northern coast of Papua. The purpose of this research is about the shape of maritime culture on the north coast of Papua as well as the maritime tradition on the northern coast of Papua. This research was conducted with data collection, data analysis and data interpretation. The forms of maritime culture on the north coast of Papua include livelihoods, traditional knowledge related to maritime, living equipment, and local wisdom in the preservation of maritime resources. The maritime tradition on the northern coast of Papua recognizes local wisdom in organizing, managing, utilizing and participating in conserving marine and coastal resources.
ABSTRAK
Laut sangat berperan dalam kehidupan masyarakat pesisir utara Papua sejak masa prasejarah hingga masa sejarah. Laut menjadi sumber dalam mendapatkan makanan serta menjadi sarana penghubung dengan luar melalui serangkaian pelayaran. Sangat menarik untuk melakukan penelitian arkeologi maritim di pantai utara Papua. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengenai bentuk kebudayaan maritim di pantai utara Papua serta tradisi maritim di pantai utara Papua. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pengumpulan data, analisis data dan interpretasi data. Bentuk kebudayaan maritim di pantai utara Papua meliputi mata pencaharian hidup, pengetahuan tradisional terkait dengan maritim, peralatan hidup, dan kearifan lokal dalam pelestarian sumberdaya maritim. Tradisi maritim di pantai utara Papua mengenal kearifan lokal dalam mengatur, mengelola, memanfaatkan serta ikut melestarikan sumber daya laut dan pesisir.
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Oktaviani, Putu Devi, e Ida Ayu Suryasih. "Partisipasi Masyarakat Lokal Dalam Pengelolaan Wisata Bahari Di Pantai Semawang Kelurahan Sanur Kelod". JURNAL DESTINASI PARIWISATA 6, n. 2 (1 gennaio 2019): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jdepar.2018.v06.i02.p22.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Tourism development in Denpasar, especially maritime tourism at Semawang Beach in Sanur Kelod has encourage the local community to participate in developing tourism on Semawang Beach. This phenomenon has create participation of local communities in the management of maritime tourism. This research aim to examine participation of local communities in the management of maritime tourism at Semawang Beach in Sanur Kelod. The advantage that are expected to be achieved from this research are academic and practical advantages.
This research is located at Semawang Beach in Sanur Kelod. The limits on the scope of this research includes motivation of local communities in management of maritime tourism and participation of local communities in the management of maritime tourism. Type of research data is in the form of qualitative and quantitative. Source of data obtained from primary and secondary data. Collection data techniques using observation, in-depth interview and documentation. Snowball sampling method has been used to determine informant and respondent
The result of this research shows that motivation of local communities in the management of maritime tourism at Semawang Beach in Sanur Kelod is motivation to improve the welfare of the society and the mutual relationship between the maritime tourism with the local citizen. The type of local communities participation in the management of maritime tourism at Semawang Beach in Sanur Kelod are divide by three domains, such as : (1) economic participation, by the local communities work in the field of marine tourism, (2) environtment participation, by implementing thebeach clean program at Semawang Beach, coral reef cleanup program, village deliberations are held to discuss various issues in the environment, participation of local communities in the efforts to protect the environment around Semawang Beach, participation of local communities in lending of vacant land as parking lots, (3) social culture participation, laying of typical Balinese statues and introduce the melukat culture to the tourist.
Keywords: Participation, local communities, sustainable tourism, maritime tourism, Semawang Beach
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Nur, Muhammad, K. Siti Nurbayani, Jumadi Jumadi, Acep Supriadi, Hasni Hasni e Habibi Sultan. "Maritime Cultural Heritage of Fishermen Communities in Kepulauan Sangkarrang Subdistrict, Makassar City, Indonesia". BIO Web of Conferences 70 (2023): 05007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20237005007.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This research aims to document and analyze the maritime cultural heritage held by the fishing communities in the Kepulauan Sangkarrang district, Makassar city. Maritime cultural heritage encompasses various aspects, such as traditional knowledge of navigation, fishing techniques, traditional tools, and religious practices related to maritime activities. The research methods include field surveys, in-depth interviews, participatory observations, and document analysis. The collected data will be qualitatively analyzed to identify cultural patterns associated with the maritime life of the fishing communities. This research aims to uncover the maritime cultural heritage of the fishing communities in Kepulauan Sangkarrang Subdistrict, Makassar City, Indonesia. The main results include a profound understanding of local maritime traditions and their history, as well as an increased historical awareness among the local community. The primary conclusion is that the preservation of maritime culture can support sustainable tourism development and community empowerment. This research has the potential to make a significant contribution in the context of science and maritime cultural preservation.
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Jones, Estelle Victoria, Alex James Caveen e Tim Stuart Gray. "Are fisheries-dependent communities in Scotland really maritime-dependent communities?" Ocean & Coastal Management 95 (luglio 2014): 254–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2014.04.025.
Testo completo
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Manik, Tumpal, Iranita Iranita, Henry Eryanto e Karuniana Dianta A. Sebayang. "Development of Maritime Economy and Coastal Economy to Improve Competitiveness and Coastal Economic Growth in Riau Island Province". Economic and Social of Fisheries and Marine Journal 006, n. 02 (30 aprile 2019): 158–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.ecsofim.2019.006.02.04.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This research aims to analyze and examine the influence of maritime economic development and the economy of coastal communities in improving maritime competitiveness and coastal economic growth. Maritime economics is analyzed based on the fisheries sector, marine tourism and shipping. The economics of coastal communities are analyzed based on community empowerment, development and welfare. This research was conducted in Riau Islands Province. This reseach uses a qualitative method with a questionnaire of 330 respondents. The processing of research data by validity test, reliability, t-test, F-test and Adjusted R Square. The result of H1 that maritime economic development affect on competitiveness of maritime regions. Its are the fisheries sector 8.3%, the tourism sector 2.51%. H2 the economic development of coastal communities affects on competitiveness of maritime regions that are empowerment 23.2%, to increase welfare 31.8%. The development no significant effect. H3 the maritime economic development affects coastal economic growth through the fisheries sector 18%, the tourism sector 18% and the shipping sector 12.5%. H4 hypothesis of economic development of coastal communities has significant effect on coastal economic growth, that are at community empowerment 12.5%, welfare 17.2%, development 6.8%.
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Che Mat, Fatihah, e Sohaimi Abdul Aziz. "The Folk Wisdom of a Maritime Community in Selected Works by Arena Wati: A Study of an Intangible Cultural Heritage". Malay Literature 29, n. 2 (1 dicembre 2016): 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.37052/ml.29(2)no2.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Arena Wati is a literary figure who was once a seaman before he became a writer. His many experiences as a seaman are recorded in his works. Much of the cultural heritage of Macassar’s maritime community known to Arena Wati has not been researched, including the folk wisdom that is typical of such a community. Folk wisdom is an example of intangible cultural heritage. This essay will discuss the folk wisdom of this maritime community, as portrayed by Arena Wati in the works studied. The method used for this study is textual analysis. The works relevant to this study are Arena Wati’s memoir entitled Memoir Arena Wati: Enda Gulingku and four of his novels: Pantai Harapan (Shores of Hope) (1990), Citra (Image) (1991), Sudara (Kin)(1994), Warna Sukma Usia Muda (The Colours of a Young Soul) (2005) and Rindu Aroma Padi Bunting (A Longing for the Fragrance of Ripe Paddy)(2012).This study finds that the maritime folk wisdom presented by Arena Wati can be categorized into four: that of seamen, for ship passengers, that of fishermen and that of coastal communities. Keywords: intangible cultural heritage, maritime communities, folk wisdom, Arena Wati Abstrak Arena Wati merupakan sasterawan yang pernah menjadi pelaut sebelum menjadi sasterawan. Banyak pengalamannya sebagai pelaut ditulis dalam karyanya. Banyak warisan budaya masyarakat maritim Makassar yang diketahui oleh Arena Wati belum dikaji termasuklah petua. Maka, esei ini akan membincangkan petua sebagai warisan budaya tidak ketara masyarakat maritim seperti yang diperlihatkan oleh Arena Wati dalam karya yang dikaji. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah analisis tekstual untuk meneliti petua berkenaan. Antara karya yang digunakan ialah memoir Arena Wati yang bertajuk Memoir Arena Wati: Enda Gulingku (2010) dan enam buah novelnya iaitu Pantai Harapan (1990), Citra (1991), Sudara (1994), Warna Sukma Usia Muda (2005) dan Rindu Aroma Padi Bunting (2012). Kajian ini mendapati terdapat petua maritim yang ditampilkan oleh Arena Wati dapat dikategorikan kepada empat, iaitu pelaut, penumpang kapal, nelayan dan masyarakat pesisir pantai. Kata kunci: warisan budaya tidak ketara, masyarakat maritim, petua, Arena Wati
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Lavissière, Mary C., e Laurent Fedi. "Maritime Cooperative Working Agreements". Fachsprache 44, n. 3-4 (4 novembre 2022): 130–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.24989/fs.v44i3-4.2029.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Textual standardization is the expected route for documents in specific disciplinary fields, particularly for legal documents (Gotti 2012). Yet organizations in these fields need common conventions that allow for innovation and flexibility as they face complex professional contexts (Bhatia 2012). Our qualitative data concerning the maritime shipping industry’s use of the legal instruments known as “Cooperative Working Agreements” give evidence that variability allows communities to attain latent professional goals. Genre in language for special purposes, even in legal language, should be seen a double-edged sword, allowing professional communities to legitimately accomplish goals through both standardization and variability.
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MAARLEVELD, THIJS J. "Maritime Ireland: an Archaeology of Coastal Communities". International Journal of Nautical Archaeology 38, n. 2 (settembre 2009): 430–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-9270.2009.00244_5.x.
Testo completo
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Cummings, Vicki. "The Maritime Identities of Communities Colonizing Norway". Norwegian Archaeological Review 46, n. 1 (giugno 2013): 90–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00293652.2013.777096.
Testo completo
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Watkinson, Andrew. "Classification: maritime communities and a rag bag". Journal of Biogeography 28, n. 1 (7 luglio 2008): 151–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2001.0521b.x.
Testo completoTesi sul tema "Maritime communities"
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Iordanou, Ioanna. "Maritime communities in Late Renaissance Venice : the Arsenalotti and the Greeks, 1575-1600". Thesis, University of Warwick, 2008. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/1110/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
By the beginning of the sixteenth Venice was an established maritime empire having achieved, not only the methodical restraint of the Ottomans' expansive aspirations towards European lands, but also solid control over the Adriatic and Mediterranean Seas and the trade routes to the Levant. Internally Venice was a metropolis bustling with merchants, craftsmen, travellers and visitors, amongst whom a great number uf established foreigners. Nearly eighty per cent of the city's population was made up of these labouring poor, who contributed significantly to the economic stability and prosperity ofthe Republic, as they provided the workforce for many of its industries. Venice was home to the world renowned Arsena/e, the biggest 'factory' in medieval and early modern period. It was there where the great Venetian galleys were built, armed, and launched into water, contributing to the Republic's economic prosperity, commercial and territorial expansion, as well as its defensive purposes. This thesis focuses on two of the most distinct working class communities in the city, the shipbuilding craftsmen, commonly known as Arsena/atti, and the seafaring Greek community. Both these groups, the former in charge of building these vessels, and the latter serving in them as sailors and captains, or similarly employed in the . shipbuilding industry, were two of the most prominent working class clusters in late Renaissance Venice. This study will attempt to look into the way of life of the maritime folk outside their workplace, in order to assess their financial and social standing - taking into consideration the places in which they lived, their households, their [mances, the social networks which they formed, and their religious and charitable activities - at a time of considerable demographic, economic, and social adjustments for the city. The examination of the two groups, established in the same neighbourhoods and united under the same occupational activities, will show that despite any linguistic, cultural, and religious diversity, their situation in life was very similar, and demonstrative of the circumstances of the Venetian working classes as a whole. Keeping in mind that early modern Venice's papa/ani have been considerably neglected by contemporary scholarship, the ultimate objective of this thesis is to initiate a basic study on the socio-economic life of the lower classes in one of the most populous and celebrated cities in medieval and early modern Europe.
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Idoux-Renard, Benedicte. "Des pêcheurs dans la ville. En quête des quartiers maritimes entre sociétés portuaires et territoires urbains : Calais, Boulogne, Fécamp, Douarnenez, Concarneau (vers 1840 - 1914)". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, EHESS, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024EHES0033.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Calais, Boulogne, Fécamp, Concarneau, Douarnenez. Présentant à la fois des similitudes et des divergences, ces cinq observatoires portuaires du littoral nord-ouest français font ici l’objet d’une histoire comparative au cours d’une période s’adossant au XIXe siècle, entre les années 1840 et la veille de la Première guerre mondiale. L’activité de la pêche organise ces villes depuis leur fondation et en a déterminé partiellement, parfois totalement la topographie urbaine. L’existence de quartiers maritimes, c’est-à-dire de secteurs urbains où se rassemblent des populations dont l’activité s’organise autour de la pêche semble avérée même s’il convient d’en retracer les évolutions, les contours et les caractéristiques qu’elles soient d’ordre matériel ou symbolique. Y vivent des hommes qui tirent leur subsistance de la mer en se livrant à la pêche côtière (sardine) ou hauturière (hareng, morue) et des femmes occupées à la pêche à pied notamment lorsque les prises en mer sont insuffisantes et le gain de leur époux trop faible. Beaucoup d’entre elles travaillent dans des ateliers à l’apprêt du poisson puis dans les usines de conserverie. Avec d’autres acteurs, proches des activités océanes, ces familles de pêcheurs constituent des communautés maritimes. Il s’agit donc de déceler puis d’analyser les relations qui se nouent au sein de ces entités comme avec les autres citadins, et qui façonnent de façon décisive la morphologie urbaine de ces ports alors que les transformations sociales et économiques qu’engendre la Révolution industrielle bouleversent les territoires dès la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle. Qu’elles soient d’ordre démographique, en particulier dans les villes du Finistère dont le nombre d’habitants croît de façon spectaculaire, ou d’ordre économique avec des prises halieutiques de plus en plus importantes, le développement des transports qui permet d’acheminer davantage de poisson vers les lieux de consommation et l’essor de la conserverie en Bretagne qui va faire la fortune de Douarnenez et de Concarneau, elles modifient sensiblement l’inscription spatiale de ces communautés et de leur quartier. Les éléments culturels puis les manifestations des revendications sociales qui surgissent au tournant du siècle participent de cette plasticité effective. Ce travail qui relève de l’histoire sociale et de la géographie culturelle fait appel à une documentation fondée en grande partie sur des archives extrêmement diverses et très éparpillées. Celle-ci permet de saisir la recomposition des quartiers maritimes dont la territorialité se lit inévitablement à différentes échelles. Relier histoire, société et territoire multiplie ainsi les critères d’approche afin d’établir une typologie opératoire des quartiers maritimes à partir des cinq sites retenus. Au terme de ce travail, cette hypothèse envisagée au départ ne semble pouvoir être retenueCalais, Boulogne, Fécamp, Concarneau and Douarnenez. Presenting both similarities and differences, these five port observatories on the north-western French coast are the subject of a comparative history over a period dating back to the 19th century, from the1840s until the eve of the First World War. The fishing industry has organised these towns since their foundation, and has partially, and sometimes totally, determined their urban topography. It would appear that maritime districts, i.e., urban areas where populations whose activity is organised around fishing congregate, existed, even if it is necessary to retrace their evolution, contours and characteristics, whether material or symbolic. There, live men who earn their livelihoods from the sea by fishing inshore (sardine) or offshore (herring, cod), as do women who fish on foot, particularly when catches at sea are insufficient and their husbands' earnings are too low. Many of them work in fish processing workshops and then in canning factories. Together with other key players involved in maritime activities, these fishing families form maritime communities. The aim is therefore to identify and analyse the relationships that develop within these communities as well as with other city dwellers, and that decisively shape the urban morphology of these ports, while the social and economic transformations brought about by the Industrial Revolution disrupt the territories from the second half of the nineteenth century onwards. Those transformations, whether demographic, particularly in the towns of Finistère, where the number of inhabitants grows spectacularly, or economic, with ever-increasing catches of fish, the development of transport that enables more fish to be transported to places of consumption and the rise in canning in Brittany that is to make the fortunes of Douarnenez and Concarneau, significantly alter the spatial layout of these communities and their neighbourhoods. The cultural elements and then social protest that emerged at the turn of the century contribute to this effective plasticity. This work, which falls under social history and cultural geography, draws on documentation largely based on extremely diverse and widely scattered archives. It makes it possible to comprehend the reconfiguration of maritime districts which territoriality can inevitably be read on different scales. Linking history, society and territory thus allows multiple angles from which to establish an operational typology of maritime districts based on the five selected sites. At the end of this work, it seems that the hypothesis envisaged at the outset cannot be retained
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Hagmark, Hanna Charlotta. "Women in maritime communities : a socio-historical study of continuity and change in the domestic lives of seafarer's wives in the Åland Islands, from 1930 into the new millenium". Thesis, University of Hull, 2003. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:5544.
Testo completo
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Cheer, Karen A. "Irish maritime trade in the eighteenth century : a study in patterns of trade, market structures, and merchant communities : a thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in History /". ResearchArchive@Victoria e-Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10063/895.
Testo completo
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Kolb, Virginia. "Analyse géographique des inégalités environnementales et écologiques en milieu littoral urbain". Thesis, La Rochelle, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LAROS025/document.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Les thématiques du développement durable sont omniprésentes dans les politiques d’aménagement. La réduction des inégalités dans la relation des habitants à un environnement de qualité est un élément important dans l’objectif de promouvoir des territoires soutenables. En effet, ces inégalités peuvent remettre en cause la durabilité des espaces. L’objectif de ce travail est donc d’identifier et de caractériser les inégalités environnementales et écologiques (IEE) dans le contexte littoral urbain par une analyse systémique des relations entre populations et territoire de vie. Une double approche quantitative et qualitative a été menée, en France, sur les communautés d’agglomération de taille moyenne à différentes échelles (nationale, du littoral, communale et infra communale). Ce travail a permis de proposer une réflexion autour du concept d'IEE, d’établir des critères et de rechercher des indicateurs pour objectiver et mesurer les IEE et d’analyser comment elles sont perçues et prises en compte par les acteurs du territoire (habitants et élus). Le littoral peut être considéré comme un vecteur d'IEE, avec des nuances en fonction des territoires. Les indicateurs de qualité du territoire mis au point, à l'échelle infra communale, ont permis d'objectiver et de comprendre les relations entre les IEE. L'analyse d’entretiens directifs menés auprès d’actifs a permis de comprendre comment ils perçoivent ces IEE et construisent des solutions territoriales pour s'y adapter. Enfin des entretiens semi-directifs avec les élus ont apporté une vision politique du territoire et de ses futures évolutions structurelles dans le cadre de la mise en place d'un plan local d’urbanisme intercommunalSustainable development is a major issue in planning policies. Reducing inequalities affecting inhabitants in their connection to a healthy environment is an important element to take into account in sustainable planning. Indeed, such inequalities may undermine the sustainability of territories. The aim of this research is to identify and characterize environmental and ecological inequalities in the context of urban coastal areas through a systemic analysis of the relations between population and their territory. A quantitative and qualitative approach was conducted on midsize French urban communities at different levels (national, coastal, municipal and infra-municipal). This work allowed to discuss the concept of environmental and ecological inequalities, to establish criteria and indicators to measure and analyze how environmental and ecological inequalities are perceived and addressed by local actors (inhabitants and local representatives). The coast can be seen as a vector of environmental and ecological inequalities, with heterogeneities depending on what territories are considered. Indicators of territorial quality developed at the infra-municipal level allowed to objectify and understand the interrelation between environmental and ecological inequalities. The analysis of interviews conducted on working population helped understanding how those inequalities are perceived and how local solutions in urban planning may be elaborated. Finally, semi-structured interviews with local representatives have introduced a political vision of the territory and of its future structural changes in the context of the establishment of a Local Intermunicipal Urbanism Plan
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Levieux, Lise. "Le rôle des communautés religieuses dans la fabrique urbaine de Rouen (Xe-XVe siècle)". Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMR097.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
La ville de Rouen est, du 10e au 15e siècle, un centre religieux puissant. Siège de l’archevêché, cet espace accueille près d’une quinzaine de communautés religieuses et comprend trente-six églises paroissiales à la fin du Moyen Âge. Ces communautés religieuses, qui suivent une règle, doivent, au 10e siècle, s’insérer dans un espace urbain déjà formé par les multiples interactions entre la société et son environnement. L’intégration d’un complexe monastique ou conventuel doit composer avec les autres éléments constituants de la ville tels la voirie, l’habitat ou les pôles de pouvoir. La prise en compte des différentes composantes de l’espace urbain n’est pas le seul élément déterminant de l’implantation des communautés : le lieu choisi résulte également de l’observance de la communauté et du soutien de bienfaiteurs influents. La construction d’un complexe monastique ou conventuel au sein de la trame urbaine est un processus plus ou moins long impliquant l’acquisition de divers terrains et leur aménagement. Par la suite, ce complexe religieux modifie son environnement dans la longue durée que ce soit par des agrandissements successifs ou par la modification de ses abords. Cet enclos gèle une portion de l’espace urbain et s’inscrit durablement dans le parcellaire de la ville. Enfin, les communautés agissent – ou interagissent – sur tout l’espace urbain : d’une part, par leur rôle dans la formation du maillage paroissial, d’autre part par la création de secteurs urbains spécifiques ou par leurs possessions foncières. Ces différentes facettes de l’impact des communautés religieuses dans la ville de Rouen ont été étudiées à l’aide d’une base de données textuelles et d’un système d’information géographique qui permet de travailler à différentes échelles d’espace et de tempsFrom the 10th to the 15th century, the city of Rouen is a powerful religious center. Seat of the archbishopric, it is home to nearly fifteen religious communities and includes thirty-six parish churches in the late Middle Ages. During the 10th century, these religious communities, who follow a rule, need to integrate an urban space already shaped by the numerous interactions between society and its environment. The integration of a monastic or conventual complex needs to reckon with the other components of the city, such as road networks, residential areas or power centers. Taking the different building blocks of the urban space into account is not the only factor determining the settlement of communities: the chosen area also depends on the observance of the community and the support of influential benefactors. The building of a monastic or conventual complex at the heart of the urban fabric is a relatively long process that requires acquiring and transforming several plots of land. Subsequently, the religious community shapes its environment in the long term whether by successive enlargements or by modifying its surroundings. This enclosure blocks part of the urban space and establishes itself firmly in the city’s parcel plan. Lastly, the communities act – or interact – all over the urban space: on the one hand through their role in the formation of the parish network and on the other hand through the creation of specific urban sectors or their land holdings. These different aspects of the impact of religious communities in the city of Rouen have been studied thanks to a textual database and a geographical information system allowing work at different scales of time and space
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Prampolini-Comos, Céline. "Les services d'approvisionnement des communautés de la Sénéchaussée de Grasse au dernier siècle de l'Ancien Régime". Thesis, Nice, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NICE0008.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Dans une période bouleversée par les guerres aux désastreuses conséquences, ainsi que par des hivers rigoureux et des maladies touchant aussi bien les hommes que le bétail, les communautés d’habitants donnent à bail des fermes d’approvisionnement afin de fournir à leur population des denrées de première nécessité. Elles veillent aussi à faire respecter des prix et des conditions de vente réglementés ainsi que des critères de qualité et des mesures sanitaires précises. De cette manière, les communautés vont réussir à maintenir un certain équilibre économique et conjuguer leurs intérêts avec ceux des fermiers et des habitants. Pour autant, c’est surtout l’idée de solidarité qui prévaut dans la volonté d’établir ces fermes et non pas celle de rentabilité, celles-ci n’étant pas uniquement instaurées dans le but d’augmenter le budget communal. Les services d’approvisionnement apparaissent en effet comme de véritables services publics : le contrat les instituant est conclu « pour le bien public », par les pouvoirs publics, avec le concours de personnes privées et l’ensemble des règles qui les régit relèvent du fonctionnement de services publics et donc d’un véritable droit administratifIn a period disrupted by war, with disastrous consequences, harsh winters and diseases affecting men as well as livestock, communities and land owners engaged in leasing land to tenants to provide the population with staples at prices and conditions of sale that were regulated according to government quality controls and specific health measures. In doing this, successful communities maintained economic balance and combined the interests of both land owners and farm tenants and residents; moreover, this idea of solidarity prevailed in the will to implement this new system of farming and not that of crude profitability, meaning that farms were not only introduced to increase the municipal budget nor managed with individual land owners’ interests in mind. With a set of rules, put in place by the government, support from individual land owners, and a contract, ‘for the public good’, this structured approach notes the establishment of Supply Services is a public service and becoming a truly administrative law
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Pineau, Xavier. "Rôles de la compétition intraspécifique, des ennemis naturels et de la température dans la modulation des pullulations d’Ips sexdentatus (Börner)". Thesis, Orléans, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ORLE2009/document.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Chez les scolytes (Curculionidae : Scolytinae) réalisant des pullulations éruptives, les processus conditionnant l’intensité et la durée des pullulations sont généralement mal connus. Nous avons étudié trois facteurs susceptibles de moduler les pullulations d’Ips sexdentatus (Börner) : la compétition intraspécifique, les ennemis naturels et la température. Les densités de colonisation et le seuil critique de densité d’attaques sur arbres ont été estimés lors d’une pullulation, et les effets de ces densités sur la productivité et la fitness des insectes ont été mesurés en laboratoire. L’entomofaune associée au scolyte a été étudiée dans des peuplements de pins présentant différents niveaux de dégâts de l’insecte. Les effets thermiques ont été estimés via des élevages à différentes températures. Les densités de colonisation sur arbres, ou celle correspondant à la valeur du seuil critique, ont fortement affecté la productivité et la fitness d’I. sexdentatus. L’entomofaune associée était peu sensible aux niveaux de population du scolyte, dont la productivité a cependant été réduite par la durée d’exposition aux ennemis naturels. L’estimation des besoins thermiques de l’espèce a permis de calculer qu’un réchauffement de 1°C augmenterait les effectifs et permettrait l’apparition d’une troisième génération annuelle, tout en réduisant la fitness des insectes. La compétition intraspécifique serait un facteur critique de régulation des pullulations d’I. sexdentatus alors que les ennemis naturels joueraient un rôle plus secondaire. Une élévation de température pourrait aggraver les pullulations mais aussi réduire la fitness des insectes et augmenter la compétition intraspécifiqueFor eruptive bark beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae), the processes affecting the intensity and duration of outbreaks are generally poorly known. We have investigated three factors that may affect the population dynamics of Ips sexdentatus (Börner), namely the intraspecific competition, the natural enemies and the temperature. Colonization densities and the critical threshold of attack densities on trees have been estimated during an outbreak. How such densities affected the productivity and fitness of the beetles has been evaluated under laboratory conditions. The insect community associated with the bark beetle has been characterized in pine stands exhibiting different damage levels. To assess the thermal effects, the insects have been reared at different temperatures. Colonization densities on trees, or equivalent to the critical threshold of attacks, dramatically affected both the productivity and fitness of I. sexdentatus. The associated fauna was loosely related to the population levels of the bark beetle, although the duration of the exposure to the natural enemies affected its productivity. The assessment of thermal requirements allowed calculating that an average warming of 1°C during the activity period would increase the population levels and number of generations per year, but also decrease the beetles’ fitness. Intraspecific competition is probably a critical regulating factor for I. sexdentatus, while natural enemies would rather play a secondary role. A temperature increase could aggravate the outbreaks, but this could be counterbalanced by a fitness reduction and an increase of intraspecific competition
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Bigney, Wilner Kathleen. "The Difference a Discourse Makes: Fisheries and Oceans Policy and Coastal Communities in the Canadian Maritime Provinces". 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10222/36321.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
A new approach to oceans and coastal governance – influenced by ecosystem-based management and resilience thinking, by spatial approaches to management and by decentralized or participatory governance – a policy of integrated management was defined in the years following the Oceans Act (1986). The motivation for this study arose from the resistance of project partners in the Coastal CURA (a five-year, SSHRC-funded, multi-partner research project designed to support coastal community engagement in resource governance) to the thinking and practice of government-supported “integrated management”. In response, I developed a conceptual framework for examining integrated management from a critical, community-based perspective, drawing on political ecology, geography and policy studies. I apply this framework to a study of policy discourses in the Canadian Maritime Provinces to examine: i) their role in framing what options, participants, and knowledges are included in fisheries and coastal policy, regulation and institutions; ii) how power relationships are enacted and how access to resources are altered through integrated management approaches to coastal resource governance; iii) community resistance through alternative discourses and models.
Within this study, I use governmentality and critical policy analysis as tools for analyzing the retreat of the state on the one hand (through decentralized and participatory governance), and the application of new technologies of governance on the other, and for examining the effects these movements have on coastal citizens. By naturalising the state as the appropriate scale and competent party for managing coastal problems, coastal communities are framed out of governing the commons. However, this study demonstrates how counter-discourses can re-imagine communities, and their practices and knowledges, in a discursive policy struggle. This thesis situates these puzzles in three case studies, one of regional policy discourses and two community case studies in Nova Scotia’s Annapolis Basin and Passamaquoddy Bay, New Brunswick.
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Emad, Gholam Reza. "Rethinking adult and vocational education: hauling in from maritime domain". Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/3285.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This dissertation investigates the nature of learning and knowing in adult formal vocational education and training. In a two-year period, I attended a training institute in western Canada and collected data from a variety of courses that were designed for practitioners to initiate a career or promote their rank in maritime industries. My research consists of four separate yet interrelated studies that, as a whole, comprise core chapters of this dissertation. I used video-mediated ethnography as my method to record and socio-cultural and situated perspectives as my primary framework to analyze and better understand my research data, participants’ interactions, and the learning and knowing possibilities in the course of the activities. In my first study, I looked at the assessment system for certification, a major impediment and contradiction that prevents the current vocational education system from reaching its objectives. I analyzed how current practices adversely affect the performance of the system and how it can be improved. In the second study, I examined and addressed the shortcomings of vocational education policies. I proposed a conceptual framework for policy analysis and design that affords the reduction or elimination of the current impediments in the implementation processes. In the third study, I developed the concept of quasi-community as a theoretical framework for theorizing the learning and teaching of adult practitioners in formal educational settings. I theorized learning as the membership and co-participation in a quasi-community developed by its members. The aim of a quasi-community is to create an interactive environment for the participants to share their expertise and utilize cultural resources in order to provide opportunities for collective activities and collaborative learning. In my final study, I focused on a new phenomenon in workplaces, namely the introduction of technology and the demand it created for change in educational systems. Based on the concept of quasi-community, I proposed a distinct pedagogical method for adult technology education. This dissertation provides empirical evidence that the conceptual framework of quasi-community allows for the creation of effective pedagogies that provide authentic learning opportunities for adult learners to develop vocational and technological competencies required in their workplaces.Graduate
Libri sul tema "Maritime communities"
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Zayas, Cynthia Neri. The ethnographies of two Japanese maritime communities. [Quezon City]: Third World Studies Center, 1999.
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Colin, Breen, a cura di. Maritime Ireland: An archaeology of coastal communities. Stroud, Gloucestershire: Tempus, 2007.
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Sudarsen, V. Knowledge of the sea: Some maritime communities in India. Madras: PPST Foundation, 1995.
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Gehlhausen, Sophia. Management of maritime communities for threatened and endangered species. [Champaign, IL]: US Army Corps of Engineers, Construction Engineering Research Laboratories, 1998.
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McAlpine, Donald F., e Ian M. Smith. Assessment of species diversity in the Atlantic maritime ecozone. Ottawa, Ont: NRC Research Press, 2010.
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Canada. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, National Research Council Canada e New Brunswick Museum. Center for Biodiversity Research, a cura di. Assessment of species diversity in the Atlantic maritime ecozone. Ottawa, Ont: NRC Research Press, 2010.
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Communities, Great Britain Parliament House of Lords Select Committee on the European. European maritime transport policy: 9th report, Select Committee on the European Communities, session 1985-86 : with evidence. London: HMSO, 1986.
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Villareal, Lolita V. Guidelines on the collection of demographic and socio-economic information on fishing communities for use in coastal and aquatic resources management. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2004.
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Smithsonian Folklife Festival (2004 Washington, D.C.). Smithsonian Folklife Festival: Haiti, freedom and creativity from the mountains to the sea; Nuestra Música, music in Latino culture; Water ways, Mid-Atlantic maritime communities. Washington: Center for Folklife Programs and Cultural Studies, Smithsonian Institution, 2004.
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Marie-Yvane, Daire, a cura di. Anciens peuplements littoraux et relations homme/milieu sur les côtes de l'Europe Atlantique = Ancient maritime communities and the relationship between people and environment along the European Atlantic coasts. Oxford: Archaeopress, 2013.
Cerca il testo completoCapitoli di libri sul tema "Maritime communities"
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Manderbacka, Teemu, e Ellinor Forsström. "Engaging the Global Research Communities in Maritime Decarbonization". In Maritime Decarbonization, 221–29. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-39936-7_17.
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Onditi, Francis, Gilad Ben-Nun, Edmond M. Were e Israel Nyaburi Nyadera. "How to Build Maritime Human Security Systems". In Reimagining Security Communities, 373–408. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70869-6_11.
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Shotton, Elizabeth. "Coastal Heritage, Communities & Climate Change". In Documenting Maritime Heritage at Risk, 1–11. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003385097-1.
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Lambert, Craig. "Tudor shipmasters and maritime communities, 1550–1600 1". In The Routledge Companion to Marine and Maritime Worlds, 1400–1800, 323–48. London ; New York, NY : Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003048503-14.
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Beaven, Brad. "Foreign Sailors and Working-Class Communities". In Migrants and the Making of the Urban-Maritime World, 86–106. New York : Routledge, 2021. |: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003088950-6.
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Kowaleski, Maryanne. "The Demography of Maritime Communities in Late Medieval England". In The Medieval Countryside, 87–118. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.tmc-eb.1.100559.
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Turgo, Nelson. "A Taste of the Sea: Artisanal Fishing Communities in the Philippines". In The World of the Seafarer, 9–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49825-2_2.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractThe Philippines remains one of the top suppliers of seafarers to the global merchant fleet. In the 2015 BIMCO Manpower Report on seafarer supply countries, the Philippines ranked first for ratings and second for officers with 363,832 Filipino seafarers deployed to ocean-going merchant vessels in 2014 and accounting for 28% of the global supply of seafarers (MARINA 2015). Seafarers are crucial in keeping the Philippine economy afloat and in 2018, Filipino seafarers sent home USD 6.14 billion (Hellenic Shipping News 2019), accounting for about a fifth of the USD 32.2 billion overseas workers sent home that year (Inquirer 2019). The Philippines has developed as a major player in the crewing sector of the global maritime industry primarily because of its maritime history (Giraldez 2015; Mercene 2007; Schurz 1939), its maritime geography and the continued centrality of the sea to many people’s lives (as attested to by the presence of the myriad fishing communities dotted around the many islands of the country) (Warren 2003, 2007), the economic liberalisation of the 1970s and the concomitant institutionalisation of the labour export policies as enacted by Philippine governments since the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos whose latter policy saw many Filipinos seeking employment overseas (Asis 2017; Kaur 2016; Wozniak 2015).
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"MC8: Festuca rubra-Armeria maritima maritime grassland". In British Plant Communities, 286–92. Cambridge University Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511541834.063.
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"2 Maritime Communities". In Enterprising Women and Shipping in the Nineteenth Century, 33–51. Boydell and Brewer, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781846157219-007.
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"MC2: Armeria maritima-Ligusticum scoticum maritime rock-crevice community". In British Plant Communities, 268–69. Cambridge University Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511541834.057.
Testo completoAtti di convegni sul tema "Maritime communities"
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"Improving Safety on Indonesian Fishing Fleet: A Case Study on Local Fishing Communities in East Java". In Maritime Safety International Conference. Clausius Scientific Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23977/mastic.029.
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Paramita, Bunga, Fradya Randa, Abdul Jalal, Catri Jintar, Kiki Wulandari, Firmansyah Kusasi e Roni Kurniawan. "Multiplier Effect Development of Culinary Tourism Processed Coastal Communities in Sei. Enam, Bintan Regency". In MARITIME, ECONOMICS AND BUSINESSINTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0012697000003798.
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Nthia, Josephine. "Are ships communities of practice?" In International Maritime Lecturers' Association. Seas of transition: setting a course for the future. World Maritime University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21677/imla2021.10.
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Mujahidin, Muhamad, Bunga Paramita e Taufik Hidayat. "Polarization of the Green Energy Transition in Improving the Economy of Coastal Communities Through Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion". In MARITIME, ECONOMICS AND BUSINESSINTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0012628900003798.
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Mansouri Kaleibar, Mozhgan, e Evelin Krmac. "RANKING OF ADRIATIC SEA CONTAINER PORTS USING DEA". In Maritime Transport Conference. Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Iniciativa Digital Politècnica, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/mt.12804.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Ports are important transport hubs and facilitate the movement of goods for businesses in local communities and global markets. Ports on the Adriatic Sea play a special role in European transport due to their shorter distance to Asian and African markets. The ranking of ports is important not only to assess their efficiency, but also to create a competitive environment and enable port managers and policy makers to recognise and take into account their strengths and weaknesses, leading to an improvement in the performance of ports in general. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is a non-parametric method for evaluating and ranking entities. Cross-efficiency is one of the ranking methods that is able to evaluate all decision-making units (DMU), including efficient and inefficient units. This method has been developed in this article for the presence of uncontrollable inputs and undesirable outputs in an uncertain environment. Therefore, the article deals with the ranking of Adriatic container ports from an economic and environmental perspective using the new improved cross-efficiency method.
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Gutiérrez-Bolívar, Oscar, Oscar Gutiérrez-Bolívar, Pedro Fernandez Carrasco e Pedro Fernandez Carrasco. "SUSTAINABILITY IN THE FUTURE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MARITIME TRANSPORT IN CUBA". In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/conferencearticle_5b1b942a75a4f1.35107491.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The change in the present conditions and the end of the United States embargo to Cuba is expected that is going to produce a big deal transformation in the whole production system. Cuba as an Island is bound to use the sea as the main way of transportation. That means that a huge increase in the use of the coastal waters as well as in the lands that will be occupied by the new ports facilities. This paper will deal with a modelization of the future development of the maritime transport and the effect that it will cause to the population and the environment. Different scenarios are going to be considered and an assessment of the affection of each one is going to be analyzed. The aim is to balance a legitimate future development that the population deserves with the preservation of the enormous value of the Cuban natural maritime assets.
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Gutiérrez-Bolívar, Oscar, Oscar Gutiérrez-Bolívar, Pedro Fernandez Carrasco e Pedro Fernandez Carrasco. "SUSTAINABILITY IN THE FUTURE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MARITIME TRANSPORT IN CUBA". In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21610/conferencearticle_58b431580f414.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The change in the present conditions and the end of the United States embargo to Cuba is expected that is going to produce a big deal transformation in the whole production system. Cuba as an Island is bound to use the sea as the main way of transportation. That means that a huge increase in the use of the coastal waters as well as in the lands that will be occupied by the new ports facilities. This paper will deal with a modelization of the future development of the maritime transport and the effect that it will cause to the population and the environment. Different scenarios are going to be considered and an assessment of the affection of each one is going to be analyzed. The aim is to balance a legitimate future development that the population deserves with the preservation of the enormous value of the Cuban natural maritime assets.
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Melo Rodríguez, Germán de, Izabela Bodus-Olkowska, Tomaz Gregoric, Natalia Wawrzyniak, Natasza Blek, Kacper Dziedzic, Reza Ziarati et al. "Repository and knowledge base on infectious diseases for seafarers". In Maritime Transport Conference. Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Iniciativa Digital Politècnica, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/mt.12884.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The COVID-19 pandemic has brought about unprecedented challenges, including lockdowns, difficulties inverification, staff swaps, and restricted international travel. These factors underscore our globalunpreparedness for such crises. While these challenges have significantly affected life on land, their impact onmaritime activities has been even more pronounced.Life at sea has been particularly strained due to the inability to disembark, prolonged voyages resulting fromorganisational replacements, limited access to hospitals during sea travel, and challenges in early illnessdiagnosis and effective isolation. These hurdles have collectively made navigating the pandemic exceptionallydifficult for maritime communities.Within the framework of the DESSEV project, funded by the European Union Erasmus+, a DEcision SupportSystem (DSS) addressing epidemic threats on sea-going vessels has been developed. This initiative includesthe establishment of a learning repository and knowledge base on infectious diseases. The repositoryencompasses WHO recommendations, IMO guidance, and procedures from select countries for managingindividuals with symptoms or an imminent case of infection on board. Additionally, the repository includesdetailed medical cases presented in the form of scientific articles, all of which are accessible free of charge onthe project website, www.dessevproject.eu.A second key objective of the project was the creation of a database on infectious diseases. This databasecomprises 22 infectious diseases described with 35 symptoms, grouped into 8 categories. The accumulatedknowledge serves as the foundation for the development of IF...THEN... rules in the form of decision trees.This article presents the tangible results achieved through the DESSEV project. It provides insights into howthe project has contributed to addressing the unique challenges faced by crews of sea-going vessels during thepandemic, offering a valuable resource for maritime communities and public health professionals.
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Eklund, Rikard, e Anna-Lisa Osvalder. "Transferring tacit knowledge during maritime pilot training: assessment of methods in use". In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002503.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Accurate knowledge management is vital for an organization to perform well. Managing explicit knowledge is relatively easy but managing tacit (implicit) knowledge is not. Effective transfer of tacit knowledge from experts to novices in an organization is therefore essential. Maritime pilotage is a safety-critical operation in which pilots use their expertise to guide vessels in specific waters. The purpose of this study is to improve the Pilot Training Programme (PTP) run by the Swedish Maritime Administration (SMA). The aim of this study is to evaluate and describe the prevailing methods of transferring tacit knowledge during the PTP. This study includes 20 maritime pilots and covers a complete PTP. A qualitative mixed-methods approach was used, based on activity theory and including observations, interviews, questionnaires, and document analyses. The results showed that tacit knowledge transfer during the PTP occurs during situated learning, such as apprenticeships, hands-on learning and communities of work. However, the transfer methods are not sufficiently documented from a didactic perspective.
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Haryanti, Dewi, Pery Sucipta e Ryan Pratama. "Construction of Electoral Law to Increase The Participation of Coastal Communities in Simultaneous Elections in Indonesia: A Study on Coastal Communities of Kepulauan Riau Province". In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Social-Humanities in Maritime and Border Area, SHIMBA 2022, 18-20 September 2022, Tanjung Pinang, Kep. Riau Province, Indonesia. EAI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.18-9-2022.2326017.
Testo completoRapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Maritime communities"
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Atkinson, Dan, e Alex Hale, a cura di. From Source to Sea: ScARF Marine and Maritime Panel Report. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, settembre 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.126.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under four headings: 1. From Source to Sea: River systems, from their source to the sea and beyond, should form the focus for research projects, allowing the integration of all archaeological work carried out along their course. Future research should take a holistic view of the marine and maritime historic environment, from inland lakes that feed freshwater river routes, to tidal estuaries and out to the open sea. This view of the landscape/seascape encompasses a very broad range of archaeology and enables connections to be made without the restrictions of geographical or political boundaries. Research strategies, programmes From Source to Sea: ScARF Marine and Maritime Panel Report iii and projects can adopt this approach at multiple levels; from national to site-specific, with the aim of remaining holistic and cross-cutting. 2. Submerged Landscapes: The rising research profile of submerged landscapes has recently been embodied into a European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) Action; Submerged Prehistoric Archaeology and Landscapes of the Continental Shelf (SPLASHCOS), with exciting proposals for future research. Future work needs to be integrated with wider initiatives such as this on an international scale. Recent projects have begun to demonstrate the research potential for submerged landscapes in and beyond Scotland, as well as the need to collaborate with industrial partners, in order that commercially-created datasets can be accessed and used. More data is required in order to fully model the changing coastline around Scotland and develop predictive models of site survival. Such work is crucial to understanding life in early prehistoric Scotland, and how the earliest communities responded to a changing environment. 3. Marine & Maritime Historic Landscapes: Scotland’s coastal and intertidal zones and maritime hinterland encompass in-shore islands, trans-continental shipping lanes, ports and harbours, and transport infrastructure to intertidal fish-traps, and define understanding and conceptualisation of the liminal zone between the land and the sea. Due to the pervasive nature of the Marine and Maritime historic landscape, a holistic approach should be taken that incorporates evidence from a variety of sources including commercial and research archaeology, local and national societies, off-shore and onshore commercial development; and including studies derived from, but not limited to history, ethnology, cultural studies, folklore and architecture and involving a wide range of recording techniques ranging from photography, laser imaging, and sonar survey through to more orthodox drawn survey and excavation. 4. Collaboration: As is implicit in all the above, multi-disciplinary, collaborative, and cross-sector approaches are essential in order to ensure the capacity to meet the research challenges of the marine and maritime historic environment. There is a need for collaboration across the heritage sector and beyond, into specific areas of industry, science and the arts. Methods of communication amongst the constituent research individuals, institutions and networks should be developed, and dissemination of research results promoted. The formation of research communities, especially virtual centres of excellence, should be encouraged in order to build capacity.
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Boyle, Maxwell, e Elizabeth Rico. Terrestrial vegetation monitoring at Cape Hatteras National Seashore: 2019 data summary. National Park Service, gennaio 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2290019.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The Southeast Coast Network (SECN) conducts long-term terrestrial vegetation monitoring as part of the nationwide Inventory and Monitoring Program of the National Park Service (NPS). The vegetation community vital sign is one of the primary-tier resources identified by SECN park managers, and monitoring is currently conducted at 15 network parks (DeVivo et al. 2008). Monitoring plants and their associated communities over time allows for targeted understanding of ecosystems within the SECN geography, which provides managers information about the degree of change within their parks’ natural vegetation. The first year of conducting this monitoring effort at four SECN parks, including 52 plots on Cape Hatteras National Seashore (CAHA), was 2019. Twelve vegetation plots were established at Cape Hatteras NS in July and August. Data collected in each plot included species richness across multiple spatial scales, species-specific cover and constancy, species-specific woody stem seedling/sapling counts and adult tree (greater than 10 centimeters [3.9 inches {in}]) diameter at breast height (DBH), overall tree health, landform, soil, observed disturbance, and woody biomass (i.e., fuel load) estimates. This report summarizes the baseline (year 1) terrestrial vegetation data collected at Cape Hatteras National Seashore in 2019. Data were stratified across four dominant broadly defined habitats within the park (Maritime Tidal Wetlands, Maritime Nontidal Wetlands, Maritime Open Uplands, and Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands) and four land parcels (Bodie Island, Buxton, Hatteras Island, and Ocracoke Island). Noteworthy findings include: A total of 265 vascular plant taxa (species or lower) were observed across 52 vegetation plots, including 13 species not previously documented within the park. The most frequently encountered species in each broadly defined habitat included: Maritime Tidal Wetlands: saltmeadow cordgrass Spartina patens), swallow-wort (Pattalias palustre), and marsh fimbry (Fimbristylis castanea) Maritime Nontidal Wetlands: common wax-myrtle (Morella cerifera), saltmeadow cordgrass, eastern poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans var. radicans), and saw greenbriar (Smilax bona-nox) Maritime Open Uplands: sea oats (Uniola paniculata), dune camphorweed (Heterotheca subaxillaris), and seabeach evening-primrose (Oenothera humifusa) Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands: : loblolly pine (Pinus taeda), southern/eastern red cedar (Juniperus silicicola + virginiana), common wax-myrtle, and live oak (Quercus virginiana). Five invasive species identified as either a Severe Threat (Rank 1) or Significant Threat (Rank 2) to native plants by the North Carolina Native Plant Society (Buchanan 2010) were found during this monitoring effort. These species (and their overall frequency of occurrence within all plots) included: alligatorweed (Alternanthera philoxeroides; 2%), Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica; 10%), Japanese stilt-grass (Microstegium vimineum; 2%), European common reed (Phragmites australis; 8%), and common chickweed (Stellaria media; 2%). Eighteen rare species tracked by the North Carolina Natural Heritage Program (Robinson 2018) were found during this monitoring effort, including two species—cypress panicgrass (Dichanthelium caerulescens) and Gulf Coast spikerush (Eleocharis cellulosa)—listed as State Endangered by the Plant Conservation Program of the North Carolina Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (NCPCP 2010). Southern/eastern red cedar was a dominant species within the tree stratum of both Maritime Nontidal Wetland and Maritime Upland Forest and Shrubland habitat types. Other dominant tree species within CAHA forests included loblolly pine, live oak, and Darlington oak (Quercus hemisphaerica). One hundred percent of the live swamp bay (Persea palustris) trees measured in these plots were experiencing declining vigor and observed with symptoms like those caused by laurel wilt......less
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Boyle, M., e Elizabeth Rico. Terrestrial vegetation monitoring at Cumberland Island National Seashore: 2020 data summary. National Park Service, settembre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2294287.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The Southeast Coast Network (SECN) conducts long-term terrestrial vegetation monitoring as part of the nationwide Inventory and Monitoring Program of the National Park Service (NPS). The vegetation community vital sign is one of the primary-tier resources identified by SECN park managers, and it is currently conducted at 15 network parks (DeVivo et al. 2008). Monitoring plants and their associated communities over time allows for targeted understanding of ecosystems within the SECN geography, which provides managers information about the degree of change within their parks’ natural vegetation. 2020 marks the first year of conducting this monitoring effort at Cumberland Island National Seashore (CUIS). Fifty-six vegetation plots were established throughout the park from May through July. Data collected in each plot included species richness across multiple spatial scales, species-specific cover and constancy, species-specific woody stem seedling/sapling counts and adult tree (greater than 10 centimeters [3.9 inches {in}]) diameter at breast height (DBH), overall tree health, landform, soil, observed disturbance, and woody biomass (i.e., fuel load) estimates. This report summarizes the baseline (year 1) terrestrial vegetation data collected at Cumberland Island National Seashore in 2020. Data were stratified across three dominant broadly defined habitats within the park, including Coastal Plain Upland Open Woodlands, Maritime Open Upland Grasslands, and Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands. Noteworthy findings include: 213 vascular plant taxa (species or lower) were observed across 56 vegetation plots, including 12 species not previously documented within the park. The most frequently encountered species in each broadly defined habitat included: Coastal Plain Upland Open Woodlands: longleaf + pond pine (Pinus palustris; P. serotina), redbay (Persea borbonia), saw palmetto (Serenoa repens), wax-myrtle (Morella cerifera), deerberry (Vaccinium stamineum), variable panicgrass (Dichanthelium commutatum), and hemlock rosette grass (Dichanthelium portoricense). Maritime Open Upland Grasslands: wax-myrtle, saw greenbrier (Smilax auriculata), sea oats (Uniola paniculata), and other forbs and graminoids. Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands: live oak (Quercus virginiana), redbay, saw palmetto, muscadine (Muscadinia rotundifolia), and Spanish moss (Tillandsia usneoides) Two non-native species, Chinaberry (Melia azedarach) and bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum), categorized as invasive by the Georgia Exotic Pest Plant Council (GA-EPPC 2018) were encountered in four different Maritime Upland Forest and Shrubland plots during this monitoring effort. Six vascular plant species listed as rare and tracked by the Georgia Department of Natural Resources (GADNR 2022) were observed in these monitoring plots, including the state listed “Rare” Florida swampprivet (Forestiera segregata var. segregata) and sandywoods sedge (Carex dasycarpa) and the “Unusual” green fly orchid (Epidendrum conopseum). Longleaf and pond pine were the most dominant species within the tree stratum of Coastal Plain Upland Open Woodland habitat types; live oak was the most dominant species of Maritime Upland Forest and Shrubland types. Saw palmetto and rusty staggerbush (Lyonia ferruginea) dominated the sapling stratum within Maritime Upland Forest and Shrubland habitat types. Of the 20 tree-sized redbay trees measured during this monitoring effort only three were living and these were observed with severely declining vigor, indicating the prevalence and recent historical impact of laurel wilt disease (LWD) across the island’s maritime forest ecosystems. There was an unexpectedly low abundance of sweet grass (Muhlenbergia sericea) and saltmeadow cordgrass (Spartina patens) within interdune swale plots of Maritime Open Upland habitats on the island, which could be a result of grazing activity by feral horses. Live oak is the dominant tree-sized species across...
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Boyle, M., e Elizabeth Rico. Terrestrial vegetation monitoring at Fort Matanzas National Monument: 2019 data summary. National Park Service, maggio 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrds-2293409.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The Southeast Coast Network (SECN) conducts long-term terrestrial vegetation monitoring as part of the nationwide Inventory and Monitoring Program of the National Park Service (NPS). The vegetation community vital sign is one of the primary-tier resources identified by SECN park managers, and it is currently conducted at 15 network parks (DeVivo et al. 2008). Monitoring plants and their associated communities over time allows for targeted understanding of ecosystems within the SECN geography, which provides managers information about the degree of change within their parks’ natural vegetation. 2019 marks the first year of conducting this monitoring effort at four SECN parks, including Fort Matanzas National Monument (FOMA). Nine vegetation plots, located on Anastasia and Rattlesnake Islands, were established at Fort Matanzas National Monument in June. Data collected in each plot included species richness across multiple spatial scales, species-specific cover and constancy, species-specific woody stem seedling/sapling counts and adult tree (greater than 10 centimeters [3.9 inches {in}]) diameter at breast height (DBH), overall tree health, landform, soil, observed disturbance, and woody biomass (i.e., fuel load) estimates. This report summarizes the baseline (year 1) terrestrial vegetation data collected at Fort Matanzas National Monument in 2019. Data were stratified across two dominant broadly defined habitats within the park (Maritime Upland Forests/Shrublands and Maritime Open Uplands). Noteworthy findings include: Eighty-two vascular plant taxa (species or lower) were observed across nine vegetation plots, including eight species not previously documented within the park. The most frequently encountered species in each broadly defined habitat included: Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands: saw palmetto (Serenoa repens), yaupon (Ilex vomitoria), southern/eastern red cedar (Juniperus silicicola + virginiana), American beautyberry (Callicarpa americana), and American burnweed (Erectites hieraciifolius). Maritime Open Uplands: sea oats (Uniola paniculata), earleaf greenbriar (Smilax auriculata), and dixie sandmat (Euphorbia bombensis). ne non-native species, Brazilian pepper (Schinus terebinthifolia), categorized as invasive by the Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council (FLEPPC 2019) was encountered in one Maritime Upland Forest and Shrubland plot during this monitoring effort. There were not any rare plants tracked by the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (FDACS 2020) found during this monitoring effort. All plants located in these monitoring plots are fairly common throughout Florida, as well as across the Southeast Coast. Three species observed, however, are on the FDACS 2020 list of commercially exploited plants within the state. These include saw palmetto, cinnamon fern (Osmundastrum cinnamomeum), and coontie (Zamia integrifolia var. umbrosa). Southern/eastern red cedar and cabbage palmetto (Sabal palmetto) were the most dominant species within the tree stratum of the Maritime Upland Forest and Shrubland habitat type. Species that dominated the sapling and seedling strata of this type included yaupon and cabbage palmetto. More than 75% of the trees measured in the parks Maritime Upland Forest and Shrubland habitat type were alive and experiencing healthy vigor. Of the 22 trees that were dead, more than 50% of those were southern/eastern red cedar. Most of those individuals that were observed with moderate or severe decline and greater than 50% dieback were southern/eastern red cedars. Although red bay (Persea borbonia) was identified as one of the “principal understory tree” species within Fort Matanzas National Monument’s maritime forests in 2004 (Zomlefer et al. 2004), tree-sized individuals were rarely detected on plots during this monitoring effort. This may be in part due to the detection of laurel wilt disease within St. Johns County in 2006 (USDA 2021). Based on the low detection...
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Lemay, Michele H. Coastal and Marine Resources Management in Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, dicembre 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008805.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This document presents a coastal and marine resources management strategy for the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB). The strategy provides new directions for Bank activities which significantly affect sustainable development of coastal and marine areas in Latin America and the Caribbean. Calling for a renewed, more integrated approach, the strategy is intended to bring the Bank's interventions in sectors such as marine fisheries, tourism, maritime transport and pollution control in line with the fundamental objectives of the 8th Capital Replenishment. Looking beyond these sectoral considerations, the strategy highlights new opportunities for lending and non-lending support in line with the distinct character of coastal and marine areas, their evolving regulatory framework, and the responsibility shared by governments and coastal communities in the Region to manage them.
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Boyle, Maxwell, e Elizabeth Rico. Terrestrial vegetation monitoring at Fort Pulaski National Monument: 2019 data summary. National Park Service, dicembre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrds-2288716.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The Southeast Coast Network (SECN) conducts long-term terrestrial vegetation monitoring as part of the nationwide Inventory and Monitoring Program of the National Park Service (NPS). The vegetation community vital sign is one of the primary-tier resources identified by SECN park managers, and monitoring is currently conducted at 15 network parks (DeVivo et al. 2008). Monitoring plants and their associated communities over time allows for targeted understanding of ecosystems within the SECN geography, which provides managers information about the degree of change within their parks’ natural vegetation. 2019 marks the first year of conducting this monitoring effort on four SECN parks, including Fort Pulaski National Monument (FOPU). Twelve vegetation plots were established at Fort Pulaski National Monument in August. Data collected in each plot included species richness across multiple spatial scales, species-specific cover and constancy, species-specific woody stem seedling/sapling counts and adult tree (greater than 10 centimeters [3.9 inches {in}]) diameter at breast height (DBH), overall tree health, landform, soil, observed disturbance, and woody biomass (i.e., fuel load) estimates. This report summarizes the baseline (year 1) terrestrial vegetation data collected at Fort Pulaski National Monument in 2019. Data were stratified across two dominant broadly defined habitats within the park (Maritime Tidal Wetlands and Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands). Noteworthy findings include: Sixty-six vascular plant taxa were observed across 12 vegetation plots, including six taxa not previously known from the park. Plots were located on both Cockspur and McQueen’s Island. The most frequently encountered species in each broadly defined habitat included: Maritime Tidal Wetlands: smooth cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora), perennial saltmarsh aster(Symphyotrichum enuifolium), and groundsel tree (Baccharis halimifolia) Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands: yaupon (Ilex vomitoria), southern/eastern red cedar (Juniperus silicicola + virginiana), and cabbage palmetto (Sabal palmetto). Four non-native species identified as invasive by the Georgia Exotic Pest Plant Council (GA-EPPC 2018) were found during this monitoring effort. These species (and their overall frequency of occurrence within all plots) included: Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica; 17%), bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum; 8%), Vasey’s grass (Paspalum urvillei; 8%), and European common reed (Phragmites australis; 8%). Two rare plants tracked by the Georgia Department of Natural Resources (GADNR 2013) were found during this monitoring effort. These include Florida wild privet (Forestiera segregata) and Bosc’s bluet (Oldenlandia boscii). Southern/eastern red cedar and cabbage palmetto were the most dominant species within the tree stratum of the maritime Upland Forest and Shrubland habitat type. Species that dominated the sapling and seedling strata of this type included yaupon, cabbage palmetto, groundsel tree, and Carolina laurel cherry (Prunus caroliniana). The health status of sugarberry (Celtis laevigata)—a typical canopy species in maritime forests of the South Atlantic Coastal Plain--observed on park plots appeared to be in decline, with most stems experiencing elevated levels of dieback and low vigor. Over the past decade, this species has been experiencing unexplained high rates of dieback and mortality throughout its range in the Southeastern United States; current research is focusing on what may be causing these alarming die-off patterns. Duff and litter made up the majority of downed woody biomass (fuel loads) across FOPU vegetation plots.
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Boyle, Maxwell. Terrestrial vegetation monitoring at Canaveral National Seashore: 2022 data summary. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2303291.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The Southeast Coast Network (SECN) conducts long-term terrestrial vegetation monitoring as part of the NPS Inventory and Monitoring Program. The vegetation community vital sign is one of the primary-tier resources identified by SECN park managers, and monitoring is conducted at 15 network parks (DeVivo et al. 2008). Monitoring plants and their associated communities over time allows for targeted understanding of ecosystems within the SECN geography, which provides managers information about the degree of change within their parks? natural vegetation. 2022 marked the first year of conducting this monitoring effort at Canaveral National Seashore (CANA). Fourteen vegetation plots were established throughout the park in April. Data collected in each plot included species richness across multiple spatial scales, species-specific cover and constancy, species-specific woody stem seedling/sapling counts and adult tree (greater than 10 centimeters [3.9 inches {in}]) diameter at breast height (DBH), overall tree health, landform, soil, observed disturbance, and woody biomass (i.e., fuel load) estimates. This report summarizes the baseline (year 1) terrestrial vegetation data collected at Canaveral National Seashore in 2022. Data were stratified across two dominant broadly defined habitats within the park, Coastal Plain Upland Open Woodlands and Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands. Noteworthy findings include: 176 vascular plant taxa were observed across 14 vegetation plots, including seven species not previously documented within the park. The most frequently encountered species in each broadly defined habitat included: Coastal Plain Upland Open Woodlands: saw palmetto (Serenoa repens), dune greenbrier (Smilax auriculata), Elliott?s milkpea (Galactia elliottii), myrtle oak (Quercus myrtifolia), Chapman oak (Quercus chapmanii), and southern evergreen blueberry (Vaccinium myrsinites). Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands: live oak (Quercus virginiana), muscadine (Muscadinia rotundifolia var. rotundifolia), saw palmetto, cabbage palmetto (Sabal palmetto), dune greenbrier, and Virginia creeper (Parthenocissus quinquefolia). Four non-native species categorized as invasive by the Florida Invasive Species Council (FISC 2019) were encountered within Maritime Upland Forest and Shrubland plots during this monitoring effort. These included Brazilian peppertree (Schinus terebinthifolia), cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica), common lantana (Lantana strigocamara), and caesarweed (Urena lobata). There were no invasive species observed in Coastal Plain Upland Open Woodland plots. Two species listed as Endangered by the state of Florida (FDACS 2021) were encountered on the park during this monitoring effort and included hand fern (Cheiroglossa palmata) and Atlantic Coast Florida lantana (Lantana depressa var. floridana). Hand fern was observed in 30%of Maritime Upland Forest and Shrubland plots, while lantana was observed in one (10%) of Maritime Upland Forest and Shrubland plots. An additional five vascular species categorized as Commercially Exploited by the state of Florida (FDACS 2021) were also observed in these vegetation plots. Slash pine (Pinus elliottii) or South Florida slash pine (Pinus densa) and sand live oak (Quercus geminata) were the most dominant species within the tree stratum of Coastal Plain Upland Open Woodlands within the park; cabbage palmetto and live oak were the most dominant species of Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands, although 11 other species large enough to be measured as trees (i.e., more than 1.37 meters (4.5 ft) in height and greater than or equal to 10 centimeters (3.9 in) in diameter at breast height (DBH) were also present within these plots. Based on these baseline findings, the most immediate threat to vegetation resources within Upland Open Woodlands of Canaveral National Seashore is related to exclusion of fire and an altered natural fire regime. These factors have likely led to a reduction of canopy species (pines) across all woody stem strata?tree, sapling, seedling?and an increase in abundance of woody shrub species (e.g., saw palmetto). These characteristics (low canopy species density and high woody shrub abundance) were observed in monitoring plots of this habitat type. The most immediate threat to Maritime Upland Forest and Shrubland habitat within the park is from potential expansion of non-native, invasive plant species, like Brazilian peppertree and cogongrass. All plots are scheduled to be resampled during the summer of 2026.
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Javier, Virginia, Linh Cat, Taro Katayama, Lauren Pandori, Jay Simpson, Brenton Wilder, Linh Cat et al. Fog monitoring on the Point Loma Peninsula at Cabrillo National Monument: 2023 annual report. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2305271.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Cabrillo National Monument (CABR) is a unit of the National Park System located on the Point Loma peninsula in San Diego, CA, USA. Despite its small size (0.65 terrestrial km2), the monument attracts 851,000 annual visitors (IRMA SRSS Reports 2011-2020), and acts as an ?urban island?, providing habitat for unique algal, plant and animal species in an area of increasing development and urbanization. The park is situated in a Mediterranean climate, characterized by hot, dry summers and wet winters. This climate supports rare habitats and plant communities, such as coastal sage scrub, maritime succulent scrub, and southern maritime chaparral. Since most precipitation occurs in the winter, fog and low cloud cover are vital sources of water for the survival of animals and vegetation in the dry summer months. It is unknown how climate change may impact fog dynamics and microclimates at the park. This information is crucial for resource management decision-making. Specifically, to create tailored strategies for future revegetation plans, including the establishment of rare and unique native plants. Thus, we designed and implemented a fog monitoring system consisting of two cameras, four weather stations, and twelve leaf wetness sensors at the park to investigate whether microclimates differ on small spatial scales (< 5 km), including differences in elevational gradient and across sides of the Point Loma peninsula. This report provides the first annual summary of the findings collected from July 2022 to May 2023. Results suggest that the ocean-facing side of the peninsula experiences more fog compared to the bay-facing side and that higher elevations experience less fog.
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Boyle, Maxwell, e Elizabeth Rico. Terrestrial vegetation monitoring at Timucuan Ecological and Historic Preserve: 2019 data summary—Version 2.0. National Park Service, febbraio 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrds-2290196.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The Southeast Coast Network (SECN) conducts long-term terrestrial vegetation monitoring as part of the nationwide Inventory and Monitoring Program of the National Park Service (NPS). The vegetation community vital sign is one of the primary-tier resources identified by SECN park managers, and it is currently conducted on 15 network parks (DeVivo et al. 2008). Monitoring plants and their associated communities over time allows for targeted understanding of ecosystems within the SECN geography, which provides managers information about the degree of change within their parks’ natural vegetation. 2019 marks the first year of conducting this monitoring effort on four SECN parks, including Timucuan Ecological and Historic Preserve (TIMU). A total of 23 vegetation plots were established in the park in May and June. Data collected in each plot include species richness across multiple spatial scales, species-specific cover and constancy, species-specific woody stem seedling/sapling counts and adult tree (greater than 10 centimeters [3.9 inches (in)]) diameter at breast height (DBH), overall tree health, landform, soil, observed disturbance, and woody biomass (i.e., fuel load) estimates. This report summarizes the baseline (year 1) terrestrial vegetation data collected at Timucuan Ecological and Historic Preserve in 2019. Data were stratified across three dominant broadly defined habitats within the park (Coastal Plain Nonalluvial Wetlands, Coastal Plain Open Uplands and Woodlands, and Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands) and three land parcels (Cedar Point, Theodore Roosevelt, and Thomas Creek). Noteworthy findings include: A total of 157 vascular plant taxa (species or lower) were observed across 23 vegetation plots, including nine species not previously known from the park. Three plots were located in the footprint of the Yellow Bluff Fire, and were sampled only two weeks following the fire event. Muscadine (Muscadinia rotundifolia), cat greenbrier (Smilax glauca), water oak (Quercus nigra), and swamp tupelo (Nyssa biflora) were the most frequently encountered species in Coastal Plain Nonalluvial Wetland habitat; saw palmetto (Serenoa repens), slash pine (Pinus elliottii), and gallberry (Ilex glabra) were the most frequently encountered species in Coastal Plain Open Upland and Woodland habitat; and Darlington oak (Quercus hemisphaerica), Spanish moss (Tillandsia usenoides), and red bay (Persea borbonia) were the most frequently encountered species in Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands. There were no exotic species of the Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council list of invasive plants (FLEPPC 2020) observed on any of these plots. Both red bay and swamp bay (Persea palustris) were largely absent from the tree stratum in these plots; however, they were present (occasionally in high abundance) in the seedling and sapling strata across all habitat types. Buckthorn bully (Sideroxylon lycioides)—listed as Endangered in the state of Florida by the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (FDACS 2020)—was observed in three Maritime Upland Forest and Shrubland plots. The tree strata in each broadly defined habitat were dominated by the following species: Coastal Plain Nonalluvial Wetlands-loblolly bay (Gordonia lasianthus) Coastal Plain Open Uplands and Woodlands-longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands-oaks (Quercus sp.) Most stems within the tree strata exhibited healthy vigor and only moderate dieback across all habitat types. However, there was a large amount of standing dead trees in plots within Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands. Downed woody biomass (fuel loads) were highest in the Cedar Point and Thomas Creek land parcels.
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Ley, Matt, Tom Baldvins, David Jones, Hanna Pilkington e Kelly Anderson. Vegetation classification and mapping: Gulf Islands National Seashore. National Park Service, maggio 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2299028.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The Gulf Islands National Seashore (GUIS) vegetation inventory project classified and mapped vegetation on park-owned lands within the administrative boundary and estimated thematic map accuracy quantitatively. The project began in June 2016. National Park Service (NPS) Vegetation Mapping Inventory Program provided technical guidance. The overall process included initial planning and scoping, imagery procurement, field data collection, data analysis, imagery interpretation/classification, accuracy assessment (AA), and report writing and database development. Initial planning and scoping meetings took place during May, 2016 in Ocean Springs, Mississippi where representatives gathered from GUIS, the NPS Gulf Coast Inventory and Monitoring Network, and Colorado State University. Primary imagery used for interpretation was 4-band (RGB and CIR) orthoimages from 2014 and 2016 with resolutions of 15 centimeters (cm) (Florida only) and 30 cm. Supplemental imagery with varying coverage across the study area included National Aerial Imagery Program 50 cm imagery for Mississippi (2016) and Florida (2017), 15 and 30 cm true color Digital Earth Model imagery for Mississippi (2016 and 2017), and current and historical true-color Google Earth and Bing Map imagery. National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration National Geodetic Survey 30 cm true color imagery from 2017 (post Hurricane Nate) supported remapping the Mississippi barrier islands after Hurricane Nate. The preliminary vegetation classification included 59 United States National Vegetation Classification (USNVC) associations. Existing vegetation and mapping data combined with vegetation plot data contributed to the final vegetation classification. Quantitative classification using hierarchical clustering and professional expertise was supported by vegetation data collected from 250 plots in 2016 and 29 plots in 2017 and 2018, as well as other observational data. The final vegetation classification includes 39 USNVC associations and 5 park special types; 18 forest and woodland, 7 shrubland, 17 herbaceous, and 2 sparse vegetation types were identified. The final GUIS map consists of 38 map classes. Land cover classes include four types: non-vegetated barren land / borrow pit, developed open space, developed low – high intensity, and water/ocean. Of the 34 vegetation map classes, 26 represent a single USNVC association/park special, six map classes contain two USNVC associations/park specials, and two map classes contain three USNVC associations/park specials. Forest and woodland associations had an abundance of sand pine (Pinus clausa), slash pine (Pinus elliottii), sand live oak (Quercus geminata), yaupon (Ilex vomitoria), wax myrtle (Morella cerifera), and saw palmetto (Serenoa repens). Shrubland associations supported dominant species such as eastern baccharis (Baccharis halimifolia), yaupon (Ilex vomitoria), wax myrtle (Morella cerifera), saw palmetto (Serenoa repens), and sand live oak (Quercus geminata). Herbaceous associations commonly included camphorweed (Heterotheca subaxillaris), needlegrass rush (Juncus roemerianus), bitter seabeach grass (Panicum amarum var. amarum), gulf bluestem (Schizachyrium maritimum), saltmeadow cordgrass (Spartina patens), and sea oats (Uniola paniculata). The final GUIS vegetation map consists of 1,268 polygons totaling 35,769.0 hectares (ha) or 88,387.2 acres (ac). Mean polygon size excluding water is 3.6 ha (8.9 ac). The most abundant land cover class is open water/ocean which accounts for approximately 31,437.7 ha (77,684.2 ac) or 87.9% of the total mapped area. Natural and ruderal vegetation consists of 4,176.8 ha (10,321.1 ac) or 11.6% of the total area. Within the natural and ruderal vegetation types, herbaceous types are the most extensive with 1945.1 ha (4,806.4 ac) or 46.5%, followed by forest and woodland types with 804.9 ha (1,989.0 ac) or 19.3%, sparse vegetation types with 726.9 ha (1,796.1 ac) or 17.4%, and shrubland types with 699.9 ha (1,729.5 ac) or 16.8%. Developed open space, which can include a matrix of roads, parking lots, park-like areas and campgrounds account for 153.8 ha (380.0 ac) or 0.43% of the total mapped area. Artificially non-vegetated barren land is rare and only accounts for 0.74 ha (1.82 ac) or 0.002% of the total area. We collected 701 AA samples to evaluate the thematic accuracy of the vegetation map. Final thematic accuracy, as a simple proportion of correct versus incorrect field calls, is 93.0%. Overall weighted map class accuracy is 93.6%, where the area of each map class was weighted in proportion to the percentage of total park area. This method provides more weight to larger map classes in the park. Each map class had an individual thematic accuracy goal of at least 80%. The hurricane impact area map class was the only class that fell below this target with an accuracy of 73.5%. The vegetation communities impacted by the hurricane are highly dynamic and regenerated quickly following the disturbance event, contributing to map class disagreement during the accuracy assessment phase. No other map classes fell below the 80% accuracy threshold. In addition to the vegetation polygon database and map, several products to support park resource management are provided including the vegetation classification, field key to the associations, local association descriptions, photographic database, project geodatabase, ArcGIS .mxd files for map posters, and aerial imagery acquired for the project. The project geodatabase links the spatial vegetation data layer to vegetation classification, plot photos, project boundary extent, AA points, and the PLOTS database. The geodatabase includes USNVC hierarchy tables allowing for spatial queries of data associated with a vegetation polygon or sample point. All geospatial products are projected using North American Datum 1983 (NAD83) in Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Zone 16 N. The final report includes methods and results, contingency tables showing AA results, field forms, species list, and a guide to imagery interpretation. These products provide useful information to assist with management of park resources and inform future management decisions. Use of standard national vegetation classification and mapping protocols facilitates effective resource stewardship by ensuring the compatibility and widespread use throughout the NPS as well as other federal and state agencies. Products support a wide variety of resource assessments, park management and planning needs. Associated information provides a structure for framing and answering critical scientific questions about vegetation communities and their relationship to environmental processes across the landscape.