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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Marine steel"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 29 luglio 2024

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Marine steel"

1

Xu, Yong, Yanliang Huang, Fanfan Cai, Zhengquan Wang, Dongzhu Lu, Xiutong Wang e Lihui Yang. "Evaluation of Hydrogen Permeation into High-Strength Steel during Corrosion in Different Marine Corrosion Zones". Applied Sciences 12, n. 6 (9 marzo 2022): 2785. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12062785.

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Hydrogen permeation into high-strength steel during the corrosion process can deteriorate their mechanical properties, thus seriously threatening the safety of steel structures. However, the hydrogen permeation behavior of steels in corrosive marine environments is not well understood. In this study, the hydrogen permeation behavior and mechanism of AISI 4135 steel in different marine corrosion zones was investigated for the first time using an in situ hydrogen permeation monitoring system via outdoor and indoor tests. The three-month outdoor hydrogen permeation test showed that the diffusible hydrogen content of the steels exposed to the marine atmospheric, splash, tidal and immersion zone was 3.15 × 10−3, 7.00 × 10−2, 2.06 × 10−2 and 3.33 × 10−2 wt ppm, respectively. Meanwhile, results showed that the hydrogen permeation current density was positively correlated with the corrosion rate of the steel in the marine environments. This research is of great significance for guiding the safe application of high-strength steel in the marine environments.

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2

Harding, J. E. "Steel in marine structures". Journal of Constructional Steel Research 9, n. 4 (1988): 311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0143-974x(88)90066-1.

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3

Li, Zhuang, e Wei Lv. "Study of Rust Layer of TRIP Steels in Marine Environments". Materials Science Forum 921 (maggio 2018): 256–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.921.256.

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The rust layer plays an important role in the corrosion of TRIP steels in marine environments. In this paper, salt spray tests were conducted in laboratory for the specimens after two-stage heat treatment. The results have shown that the corrosion performance of steel B is higher than that of steel A. The corrosion products in rust layer were a complex mixture of α-FeOOH, γ-FeOOH, Fe3O4and γ-Fe2O3after the salt spray tests. The contents of α-FeOOH in rust layer are more than those of γ-FeOOH in steel B. Steel B exhibits compact rust layers. This is attributed to the fact that alloying elements such as Ni, Cr, Cu and Mo can enrich at the rust layer/substrate interface. Therefore, the corrosion performance of steel B was improved.

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4

Cui, Wen Fang, Chun Ming Liu e Si Xun Zhang. "Mechanical Properties and Marine Corrosion Resistance of P-Bearing ULCB Steels". Materials Science Forum 654-656 (giugno 2010): 378–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.654-656.378.

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The research aims to evaluate the microstructure, mechanical properties and marine corrosion resistance of P-bearing ULCB steels. P produced stronger solution strengthening effect, but had less effect on the low temperature impact toughness of ULCB steel. With increasing P content to 0.09(mass)%, the immersion corrosion rate of ULCB steel in 3.5% NaCl obviously decreased in comparison with those steels without or with lower P content. This is attributed to that the complex effect of Cu and P promoted the formation of dense amorphous oxyhydroxide in the inner scale, which inhibited further corrosion from NaCl solution. Mo in ULCB steel played an important role in avoiding pitting corrosion in Cl- environment.

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5

Machuca, Laura L., Stuart I. Bailey e Rolf Gubner. "Microbial Corrosion Resistance of Stainless Steels for Marine Energy Installations". Advanced Materials Research 347-353 (ottobre 2011): 3591–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.347-353.3591.

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A range of stainless steels has been investigated for resistance to microbiologically influenced corrosion in seawater. The corrosion potential was monitored for stainless steel coupons exposed to sterilized seawater and to microbiologically active seawater, which showed the effect of the growth of microorganisms. Cyclic potentiodynamic polarization scans confirmed that 13%Cr stainless steel is very susceptible to localized corrosion under these conditions. 316L stainless steel was also quite susceptible to localized corrosion, whereas 2205 duplex stainless displayed good resistance to localized corrosion. Naturally occurring microorganisms in the seawater were shown to exacerbate the localized corrosion.

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6

Wang, Hao Xu, Zhuang Li, Yi Qin Cai, Wen Hao Cai, Li Zhang, Qi Zhou e Xi Jun Cui. "The Influence of Controlled Rolling and Cooling on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Marine Steel". Materials Science Forum 1003 (luglio 2020): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1003.47.

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A microstructure consisted of granular bainite, upper bainite, acicular ferrite, polygonal ferrite, and a little of pearlite was obtained by controlling rolling and cooling in marine steel. The grain size of the two steels was refined to 5-9 μm. The size of the MA island was about 3-6 μm. Both steels had higher tensile strength, yield strength, elongation and hardness, and the performance of steel B was better than that of steel A. Both steels exhibited large and deep dimples at -80 °C impact fracture. The longitudinal impact energy of the specimens was above 250J, and the steel B even exceeded 300J. Its longitudinal impact performance was better than lateral impact performance. Both steels had achieved good performance due to fine grain strengthening, MA island strengthening, precipitation strengthening and dislocation strengthening caused by controlled rolling and cooling. The alloying element nickel effectively improved the low temperature impact toughness of the experimental steel. Excellent impact energy of both steels was attributed to higher texture strength for RD specimens.

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7

Abid, Mahmoud, Mohamed Salem, Osama Terfas e Mohamed Hamouda. "Microstructure Changes related Mechanical Properties of Welded HSLA Steel Plates". مجلة الجامعة الأسمرية: العلوم التطبيقية 7, n. 1 (30 marzo 2022): 32–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.59743/aujas.7.1.1.

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Strength and toughness of steel are the most desirable mechanical properties required in several engineering applications such as marine and oil industries. In this work, the influence of submerged arc welding (SAW) process on the evolution of microstructure and mechanical properties of locally produced low carbon steel plates that is used by Marine Industry and Maintenance Company (Misurata) as an alternative to the imported marine steel plates is investigated. Microstructure investigation, tensile tests, impact toughness, and hardness tests for both steels are conducted. Results show that microstructure is affected by the heat input of SAW leading to more uniform structure of ferritic-bainitic and finer grain sizes. Inherently, affecting the mechanical properties since a decrease in toughness in the heat affected zone HAZ and weld metal zone WM compared to the parent metal is observed. It is shown that the imported steel has higher toughness than local steel for pre-welded and welded plates, with imported steel offering significant reduction in toughness when subject to welding. The effect of welding can be related to the microstructural changes of the weld metal and HAZ attained by adapting proper consumable electrode and welding process strategies.

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8

Jeong, Youn-Ju, Jeong-Soo Kim, Min-Su Park e Sung-Hoon Song. "HYDRODYNAMIC BEHAVIORS OF LARGE STEEL-CYLINDRICAL COFFERDAM SYSTEM FOR MARINE STRUCTURES CONSTRUCTION". Coastal Engineering Proceedings, n. 36 (30 dicembre 2018): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36.structures.26.

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Some cofferdam systems have been applied for marine structures construction of bridges, marine foundation, and etc. Recently, new cofferdam system using large steel-cylindrical members proposed to reduce marine working periods and to improve economic of marine working. In order to construct marine cofferdam system with large steel-cylindrical members, (step 1) some modules composing of a large steel-cylindrical cofferdam system fabricate with typical height in steel factory, and (step 2) move to the construction site onto the barge towing. Then, (step 3) large steel-cylindrical cofferdam system completes by module to module connection with vertical direction in seawater. Finally, (step 4) inside water of large steel-cylindrical cofferdam draw out by pumping, and (step 5) the marine structures are constructed under land based conditions. This cofferdam system has advantages to reduce marine working period and to secure structural safety uniformly.

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9

Wang, Ningxi, Jianzhuo Gao e Xuexu Xu. "Effect of Mo on the Corrosion Resistance of Cr-Containing Steel in a Simulated Tropical Marine Atmospheric Environment". Crystals 14, n. 2 (24 gennaio 2024): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst14020113.

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In this manuscript, the effect of Mo addition on the corrosion resistance of the low-alloy steel in a simulated tropical marine atmospheric environment has been studied through microstructure characterization, corrosion immersion experiments, electrochemical measurement, and a series of microscopic characterization methods. The results show that Mo has the ability to reduce the corrosion rate of low-alloy steel in a marine atmospheric environment, with a more pronounced reduction effect observed over longer corrosion periods. The addition of Mo enhances the corrosion product film’s compactness when coupled with Cr, subsequently improving corrosion resistance. Simultaneously, MoO42−, acting as a slow-release ion, can effectively suppress localized corrosion in low-alloy steel. The research findings can offer data support and a theoretical foundation for the design of low-alloy steels with enhanced corrosion resistance in a tropical marine atmospheric environment.

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Yang, Jie, Guang Feng Xi e Xi Qiu Fan. "Progress of Mechanism and Research Methods of Marine Corrosion of Steels". Applied Mechanics and Materials 80-81 (luglio 2011): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.80-81.3.

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Steel constructions located in marine environments are exposed to more serious corrosion than in other environments, which result in great loss in lives and economy. So it is very important to carry out research work on the influence factor and mechanism of marine corrosion with necessary methods. In this paper, influence factors in marine environment of steels were discussed, the corrosion mechanism of five different zones in marine environment was summarized and the progress of research methods for marine corrosion was reviewed.

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Più fonti

Tesi sul tema "Marine steel"

1

Gurusamy, K. "The marine durability of steel fibre reinforced concrete". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234802.

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2

Cheung, Chin Wa Sunny. "Biofilms of marine sulphate-reducing bacteria on mild steel". Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241657.

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3

Barrett, S. J. "Marine fouling processes upon stainless steel and elastomeric surfaces". Thesis, University of Surrey, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233236.

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4

Paliwal, M. C. "Running-in and scuffing failure of marine gears". Thesis, Bucks New University, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.376640.

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5

Molloy, Brian T. "Steel fibre and rebar corrosion in concrete under marine curing". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1990. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU032222.

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Concern for durability of reinforced concrete structures has, in recent years, coincided with an increasing interest in the use of steel fibre reinforcement. In this investigation the corrosion behaviour of conventional and steel fibre reinforcement in concrete under long term marine curing have been studied. The corrosion behaviour of reinforcement has been assessed visually, and by using electrochemical techniques. Three types of steel fibre were investigated namely low carbon steel, stainless steel melt extract, and galvanised steel. Previous studies have shown that steel fibres exhibit good corrosion resistance in concrete exposed to marine curing. It has been suggested that this is due to the discrete nature of the individual steel fibres which prevents the development of electrochemical cells with large cathode/anode area ratios. In order to determine, therefore, whether a 'size-effect' phenomenon influences steel fibre corrosion rates, concrete specimens were cast with different lengths and diameters of steel wire and subsequently exposed to marine curing. Parallel concrete specimens containing samples of conventional reinforcing bar were also manufactured. Cement replacement materials such as pulverised fuel ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag and microsilica are widely used in order to enhance specific properties of fresh or hardened concrete. In this investigation durability characteristics of concrete containing cement replacement materials were studied. These characteristics, including alkalinity of pore fluid and diffusion rates of chloride ions are of importance in relation to the passivation or corrosion of steel reinforcement.

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6

Sheikh, Abdi Mohamed, e Yosef Gebresilassie. "Consequences of Magnetic Properties in Stainless Steel for a High-efficiency Wave Power Generator". Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-229479.

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A new kind of wave power generator is being developed at KTH Royal Institute of Technology which potentially can reach an efficiency of 98 %. However, this generator’s small air gap sets strict requirements on the stiffness of the structure to withstand the large magnetic forces. The structure, therefore, need to be both stiff and non-magnetic. To tackle that problem austenitic stainless steel will be used. Then again, austenitic stainless steel tends to become slightly magnetic because of impurities and mechanical stress. The purpose of this report is to study the magnetic properties of the austenitic stainless steel and observe how mechanical stress can change their properties. Moreover, economic and environmental aspects considering the use and production of the steel are studied. Two experiments were applied to measure the magnetic properties, using an LCR-meter and an electrical circuit with a current amplifier. Both methods showed that mechanical stress will result in changing the magnetic property of austenitic stainless steel. Some steel types were less affected by the mechanical stress applied leading to the conclusion that they are more effective when placed near the generator’s air gap. Regarding sustainable development, it is uncertain to determine the impact the generator has on the environment, mainly because of the steel types manufacturing process is unknown. On the contrary, the maintenance costs of the generator are predicted to be low and if the prototype fulfills the efficiency expectations it will have a huge impact on the future of wave power technology.
En ny typ av vågkraftsgenerator utvecklas på KTH som potentiellt kan uppnå en verkningsgrad på 98%. Denna generators lilla luftgap ställer dock strikta krav på strukturens styvhet för att stå emot de stora magnetiska krafterna. Strukturen måste därför vara både styv och icke-magnetisk. För att ta itu med det problemet kommer austenitiskt rostfritt stål att användas. Sedan tenderar austenitiskt rostfritt stål att bli något magnetiskt på grund av föroreningar och mekanisk stress. Syftet med denna rapport är att studera austenitiskt rostfritt ståls magnetiska egenskaper och observera hur mekanisk stress kan förändra deras egenskaper. Dessutom studeras ekonomiska och miljömässiga aspekter som beaktar stålets användning och produktion. Två experiment utfördes för att mäta de magnetiska egenskaperna, med användning av en LCR-mätare och en elektrisk krets med en strömförstärkare. Båda metoderna visade att mekanisk stress kommer att leda till förändring av den magnetiska egenskapen hos austenitiskt rostfritt stål. Vissa ståltyper påverkades mindre av den mekaniska påfrestningen som ledde till slutsatsen att de är mer effektiva när de placeras nära generatorns luftgap. När det gäller hållbar utveckling är det osäkert att bestämma vilken påverkan generatorn har på miljön, främst på grund av att detrostfria stålets tillverkningsprocess är okänd. Tvärtom förmodas att underhållskostnaderna för generatorn komme vara låga och om prototypen uppfyller effektivitetsförväntningarna kommer det att ha en stor inverkan på framtiden för vågkrafttekniken.

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7

Sanchez, Andrea Nathalie. "Forecasting Corrosion of Steel in Concrete Introducing Chloride Threshold Dependence on Steel Potential". Scholar Commons, 2014. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5303.

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Corrosion initiates in reinforced concrete structures exposed to marine environments when the chloride ion concentration at the surface of an embedded steel reinforcing bar exceeds the chloride corrosion threshold (CT) value. The value of CT is generally assumed to have a conservative fixed value ranging from 0.2% to - 0.5 % of chloride ions by weight of cement. However, extensive experimental investigations confirmed that CT is not a fixed value and that the value of CT depends on many variables. Among those, the potential of passive steel embedded in concrete is a key influential factor on the value of CT and has received little attention in the literature. The phenomenon of a potential-dependent threshold (PDT) permits accounting for corrosion macrocell coupling between active and passive steel assembly components in corrosion forecast models, avoiding overly conservative long-term damage projections and leading to more efficient design. The objectives of this investigation was to 1) expand by a systematic experimental assessment the knowledge and data base on how dependent the chloride threshold is on the potential of the steel embedded in concrete and 2) introduce the chloride threshold dependence on steel potential as an integral part of corrosion-related service life prediction of reinforced concrete structures. Experimental assessments on PDT were found in the literature but for a limited set of conditions. Therefore, experiments were conducted with mortar and concrete specimens and exposed to conditions more representative of the field than those previously available. The experimental results confirmed the presence of the PDT effect and provided supporting information to use a value of -550 mV per decade of Cl- for the cathodic prevention slope βCT, a critical quantitative input for implementation in a practical model. A refinement of a previous corrosion initiation-propagation model that incorporated PDT in a partially submerged reinforced concrete column in sea water was developed. Corrosion was assumed to start when the chloride corrosion threshold was reached in an active steel zone of a given size, followed by recalculating the potential distribution and update threshold values over the entire system at each time step. Notably, results of this work indicated that when PDT is ignored, as is the case in present forecasting model practice, the corrosion damage prediction can be overly conservative which could lead to structural overdesign or misguided future damage management planning. Implementation of PDT in next-generation models is therefore highly desirable. However, developing a mathematical model that forecasts the corrosion damage of an entire marine structure with a fully implemented PDT module can result in excessive computational complexity. Hence, a provisional simplified approach for incorporating the effect of PDT was developed. The approach uses a correction function to be applied to projections that have been computed using the traditional procedures.

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8

Boyd, Stephen William. "Strength and durability of steel to composite joints for marine application". Thesis, University of Southampton, 2006. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/142615/.

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This thesis deals with the assessment of the strength and durability of steel to composite joints for composite superstructures on ships where reduced weight is a design driver. The purpose of the work is to understand the long-term performance characteristics of hybrid connections to allow for improvements to the design of hybrid structures. Two joints were investigated in the present research. The first was a full-scale connection suitable for application in superstructures of marine vehicles, specifically a helicopter hanger on a naval vessel. The second was a generic steel/composite connection for testing performance after hygrothermal ageing. The strength and durability of the full-scale connection were examined in compression, the loading scenario representative of in-service conditions. The results indicated that the static and fatigue performance were in excess of the realistic in-service loading conditions. Failure for both static and fatigue tests were comparable and therefore good confidence in the prediction of the joint’s failure was achieved. The generic hybrid connection was artificially aged through immersion in water. The results indicated that there was no significant reduction in the performance of the joint in either static tension or bending. The numerical modelling highlighted a number of issues. Due to the geometry of the joint high stress concentration factors were observed in some locations. It is in these areas that failure of the joint was predicted in the numerical modelling. Similar results were obtained experimentally and this gave confidence in the modelling of the joint. Numerical parametric and optimisation studies were conducted to assess the influence of the joint geometry on performance characteristics obtained from both the experimental and numerical studies. This highlighted that improvements to the performance of the joint could be obtained through geometric changes alone.

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9

Watkins, Peter Gareth. "The corrosion of mild steel in the presence of two isolates of marine sulphate reducing bacteria". Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340914.

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10

Kear, Gareth. "Electrochemical corrosion of marine alloys under flowing conditions". Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369433.

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Più fonti

Libri sul tema "Marine steel"

1

Heatley, C. J. Forged in steel: U.S. Marine Corps aviation. Charlottesville, Va: Howell Press, 1987.

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2

Khalil, Mohamed Ahmed. Inspection of cathodically protected marine steel structures. Manchester: UMIST, 1998.

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3

Ritter, J. C. Properties of HY-100 steel for naval construction. Melbourne: Dept. of Defence, Materials Research Laboratory, 1988.

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4

Cheung, Chin Wa Sunny. Biofilms of marine sulphate-reducing bacteria on mild steel. Portsmouth: University of Portsmouth, Division of Chemistry, 1995.

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5

Corrosion, European Federation of, e Knovel (Firm), a cura di. Marine corrosion of stainless steels. London: IOM Communications, 2001.

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6

International ECSC Offshore Conference on Steel in Marine Structures (3rd 1987 Delft, Netherlands). Steel in marine structures: Proceedings of the 3rd International ECSC Offshore Conference on Steel in Marine Structures (SIMS '87), Delft, The Netherlands, June 15-18, 1987. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1987.

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7

Gupta, A. Fatigue behaviour of offshore structures. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1986.

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8

Thurman, John Ryland. We were in the first waves of steel amtracs who landed on Iwo Jima. [United States]: AuthorHouse, 2009.

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9

D, Harrison J., Pisarski H. G e Great Britain. Department of Energy., a cura di. Background to newguidance on structural steel and steel construction standards in offshore structures: Report for the Department of Energy. London: H.M.S.O., 1986.

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Great Britain. Dept. of Energy., a cura di. Background to new guidance on structural steel and steel construction standards in offshore structures: Report for the Department of Energy. London: H.M.S.O., 1986.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Marine steel"

1

Googan, Chris. "Fixed steel structures". In Marine Corrosion and Cathodic Protection, 317–51. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003216070-13.

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2

Clauss, Günther, Eike Lehmann e Carsten Östergaard. "Dimensioning of Marine Steel Structures". In Offshore Structures, 281–318. London: Springer London, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-1998-2_4.

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Googan, Chris. "The marine corrosion of steel". In Marine Corrosion and Cathodic Protection, 1–32. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003216070-1.

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Googan, Chris. "Protection potential – carbon steel". In Marine Corrosion and Cathodic Protection, 121–39. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003216070-6.

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5

Harhash, Mohamed, Adele Carrado e Heinz Palkowski. "Forming Limit Diagram of Steel/Polymer/Steel Sandwich Systems for the Automotive Industry". In Advanced Composites for Aerospace, Marine, and Land Applications, 243–54. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118888414.ch20.

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Harhash, Mohamed, Adele Carrado e Heinz Palkowski. "Forming Limit Diagram of Steel/Polymer/Steel Sandwich Systems for the Automotive Industry". In Advanced Composites for Aerospace, Marine, and Land Applications, 243–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48096-1_20.

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7

Tsuchida, H., T. Yokoi e M. Abe. "Corrosion Surveys of Steel Structures under Marine Environment". In Ocean Space Utilization ’85, 507–14. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-68284-4_55.

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8

Ohtsuka, Toshiaki. "Corrosion Protection of Carbon Steel by Conducting Polypyrroles". In Corrosion and Protection of Marine Engineering Materials, 29–45. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003376194-2.

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9

Su, Hang, Tao Pan, Feng Chai e Caifu Yang. "Technical Requirements for the Development of Marine Steel in China". In HSLA Steels 2015, Microalloying 2015 & Offshore Engineering Steels 2015, 121–31. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119223399.ch10.

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Su, Hang, Tao Pan, Feng Chai e Caifu Yang. "Technical Requirements for the Development of Marine Steel in China". In HSLA Steels 2015, Microalloying 2015 & Offshore Engineering Steels 2015, 121–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48767-0_10.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Marine steel"

1

Melchers, R. E. "Modelling and Prediction of Seawater Corrosion of Steel Structures". In Marine Corrosion Prevention. RINA, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3940/rina.marco.1994.11.1.

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2

Kennedy, S. J., A. Martino, M. A. Brooking, Y. Heo, M. S. Kim e H. Ocakli. "Development of Design Equations for Steel Sandwich Panel Construction". In Marine & Offshore Composites. RINA, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3940/rina.moc10cd.2010.06.

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3

Dalzel-Job, J., J. Sumpter e F. Livingstone. "Composite Patch Repair of Steel Ships". In Advanced Marine Materials: Technology & Application. RINA, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3940/rina.amm.2003.15.

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4

Kozak, J. "Fatigue Properties of Laser Welded Steel Sandwich Panels". In Advanced Marine Materials: Technology & Application. RINA, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3940/rina.amm.2003.9.

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5

Boyd, S., J. Blake, R. A. Shenoi e J. Mawella. "Fatigue Life Characterisation of Hybrid Composite-Steel Joints". In Advanced Marine Materials: Technology & Application. RINA, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3940/rina.amm.2003.11.

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6

Mateus, Anto´nio F., e Joel A. Witz. "Steel Plate Serviceability in Marine Structures". In ASME 2002 21st International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2002-28362.

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Abstract (sommario):

Plates are structural components that are able to provide support beyond compressive collapse, i.e. in the post-buckling regime. To date the criterion used to define plate failure under compressive loading is the plate maximum load carrying capacity which is identified as the peak of the associated load versus plate end-shortening curve. Recent advances in structural analysis techniques, such as nonlinear finite element analysis, have enabled the reduction of uncertainty that is embedded into the behaviour and strength prediction of new and in-service structures. Consequently, a new criterion for ultimate plate compressive strength is suggested and justified. This criterion is based on the unloaded edge resultant stress reaching yield. It is considered to be a suitable threshold of serviceability based on the relation between drop of strength versus the gain in plate end-shortening. In practical terms this means that a plate will be able to work in an extended range of end-shortenings.

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7

"Durability of Steel Reinforcement in Marine Environment". In SP-109: Concrete in Marine Environment. American Concrete Institute, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.14359/1955.

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8

Johnson, R., e P. Threadgill. "Progress In Friction Stir Welding of Aluminium and Steel For". In Advanced Marine Materials: Technology & Application. RINA, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3940/rina.amm.2003.3.

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9

"Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete Jackets for Repairing Concrete Piles". In SP-109: Concrete in Marine Environment. American Concrete Institute, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.14359/10015.

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10

"Thermal and Durability Considerations for Composite Steel/Concrete Sandwich Structures". In SP-109: Concrete in Marine Environment. American Concrete Institute, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.14359/2804.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Marine steel"

1

Leis, Brian, Xian-Kui Zhu e Tom McGaughy. PR185-173611-R01 Applicability of Existing Metal-Loss Criteria to Low-Hardening Steels. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), febbraio 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011652.

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This two-year project has evaluated the applicability of B31G and Modified B31G corrosion assessment criteria for applications to low-hardening pipe steels, whereas these criteria were originally developed and calibrated for high-hardening steels common in lower strength grades and in older steel production. This project builds upon work completed in EC-2-6 and EC-2-7 by trending changes in pipe properties over time, and by quantifying the role of the flow response, including the influence of strain hardening on failure response and predicted failure pressure for metal loss defects in pipelines. This report presents the outcomes of this two-year project in regard to the need for corrections for these criteria, and where required considers suggested corrections to ensure the usual margin of safety afforded by these criteria.

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2

Ware, A. G. Estimates of margins in ASME Code strength values for stainless steel nuclear piping. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), novembre 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/123177.

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3

Murphy, Ryan D., David J. Saiz, Alvaro Augusto Cruz-Cabrera, Phil R. Aragon, Mark A. Rodriguez e David P. Adams. Laser Marking and Composition Analysis of 13-8 Steel and Nitronics 60 Surfaces. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), gennaio 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1504108.

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4

K.R. Arpin e T.F. Trimble. Test to Determine Margin-to-Failure for Hy-100 Steel with Undermatched Welds. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), aprile 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/815198.

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5

Lane, L. S. Bedrock geology, Mount Raymond, Yukon, NTS 116-I/8. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329963.

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The Mount Raymond map area incorporates the western limb of the Richardson anticlinorium, southern Richardson Mountains, northern Yukon. It is underlain by four Paleozoic sedimentary successions: middle Cambrian Slats Creek Formation, Cambrian to Early Devonian Road River Group, Devonian Canol Formation, and Late Devonian to Carboniferous Imperial and Tuttle formations. The Richardson trough depositional setting of the first three successions is succeeded by a deep-marine, turbiditic, Ellesmerian, orogenic foredeep setting for the Imperial-Tuttle succession. Several major thrust faults and related folds transect the map area from north to south. The carbonate-dominated Road River Group defines a west-dipping homocline, modified by the Mount Raymond thrust fault together with minor folds in its footwall. In the overlying Imperial-Tuttle succession, map-scale folds are defined where shales are interbedded with persistent sandstones. Steep reverse faults in the east may have reactivated Cambrian rift faults. The structural geometry reflects Late Cretaceous-Cenozoic regional Cordilleran tectonism.

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6

Hernández, Juan, e Daniel Wills. Fighting for the Best, Losing with the Rest: The Perils of Competition in Entrepreneurial Finance. Inter-American Development Bank, gennaio 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0005506.

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Financiers in early-stage entrepreneurial finance are known for their “spray-and-pray” approach, where they fund multiple start-ups expecting profits on a few to compensate losses on a lot of failed ones. We develop a theoretical framework in which financiers compete to fund entrepreneurs in an environment featuring risk, adverse selection, and limited liability. Financiers use steep payoff schedules to screen entrepreneurs, but limited liability implies they can only do so by giving more to all entrepreneurs. In equilibrium, competition for the best entrepreneurs forces intermediaries to offer better terms to all customers, there is cross-subsidization among entrepreneurs, and intermediation profits are zero. Competition among financial intermediaries always forces them to fund projects with negative expected returns both from a private and from a social perspective. This is an extensive margin inefficiency, as all projects are funded at their efficient scale. The three main features of our framework (competition, adverse selection, and limited liability) are necessary to get the inefficient laissez-faire outcome and a role for regulation. The inefficiency shrinks, but some part will always persist, when firms can collateralize some portion of the credit as long as there is still an unsecured fraction. Additional imperfect information, like a credit score, may increase inefficiency. Crucially, a small externality on financiers exacerbates the extensive margin inefficiency, yielding a negative social surplus in the entrepreneurial financing market.

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7

Worsfold, Mark. An analysis of the impact of Ocean Gliders on the AMM15 model. Met Office, ottobre 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.62998/dwza4679.

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The Atlantic Margin Model (AMM15) is one of the ocean models used by the Met Office, predicting ocean circulation in the North Atlantic approaches and shelf seas around the UK at a resolution of 1.5km. Model analyses and forecasts are used in a wide range of applications including search and rescue, oil spill response and providing sea-surface temperature boundary conditions for Met Office numerical weather prediction. The majority of observations used to constrain the AMM15 model are surface measurements collected by satellites. In situ and sub-surface observations of shelf seas around the UK are relatively sparse, for example because the North Sea’s limited area and the density of infrastructure means that the drifting surface buoys and Argo profiling floats we use for measuring the open ocean are unsuitable. In this environment, ocean gliders are the ideal observation instrument. Their ability to propel and steer themselves allows them to avoid infrastructure and to provide observations from a chosen area and depths. For this experiment, ocean gliders were deployed near the Shetland Isles and their observations were inserted into a trial AMM15 model. This trial was compared to a control AMM15 model (without glider data) and the differences between the two were studied. We observed that the gliders had a greater impact on the AMM15 model than anticipated, but their data overall increased the trial model’s accuracy. Glider data are now regularly assimilated into the operational AMM15 model.

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8

Thomas, M. D. Magnetic and gravity models, northern half of the Taltson Magmatic Zone, Rae Craton, Northwest Territories: insights into upper crustal structure. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328244.

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A prominent magnetic low along an eastern portion of the Paleoproterozoic Taltson magmatic zone (TMZ) correlates mainly with the youngest granitoid in the zone, the peraluminous ca. 1936 Ma Konth granite. Flanking belts of higher magnetic intensity coincide mainly with slightly older Taltson plutonic rocks (e.g. ca. 1986 Ma Deskenatlata granodiorite, ca. 1955 Ma Slave granite) to the west and Neoarchean and/or Paleoproterozic gneisses of the Rae Craton to the east. A prominent gravity low along a portion of the northeastern margin of the TMZ correlates mainly with the Konth granite. Modelling of east-west magnetic and gravity profiles crossing the TMZ is used to investigate the geometrical and geological significance of these signatures. Modelling of the gravity low revealed a basin-like shape, with a maximum thickness of 14.9 km, for a composite unit of Konth-Slave magmatic suites. Magnetic modelling, the preferred technique north and south of the gravity minimum, yielded basin-like shapes for an essentially nonmagnetic Konth-Slave unit, but with much smaller maximum thicknesses of 5.0 and 6.5 km, respectively. Farther south in the TMZ, strongly magnetic units within mapped Konth and Slave granites preclude definition of a nonmagnetic Konth-Slave unit. Aside from the Slave unit, most other modelled magnetic units are generally steep and narrow and have fairly large magnetic susceptibilities. They are modelled to a depth of 6.2 km below sea level and have a steeply dipping, near-surface structural fabric extending to significant depth. Granitoids in the TMZ have previously been designated as ilmenite series or magnetite series, but modelled susceptibilities indicate that revisions to some designations may be required.

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9

DiDomizio, Matthew, e Jonathan Butta. Measurement of Heat Transfer and Fire Damage Patterns on Walls for Fire Model Validation. UL Research Institutes, luglio 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54206/102376/hnkr9109.

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Fire models are presently employed by fire investigators to make predictions of fire dynamics within structures. Predictions include the evolution of gas temperatures and velocities, smoke movement, fire growth and spread, and thermal exposures to surrounding objects, such as walls. Heat flux varies spatially over exposed walls based on the complex thermal interactions within the fire environment, and is the driving factor for thermally induced fire damage. A fire model predicts the temperature and heat transfer through walls based on field predictions, such as radiative and convective heat flux, and is also subject to the boundary condition represen-tation, which is at the discretion of model practitioners. At the time of writing, Fire Dynamics Simulator can represent in-depth heat transfer through walls, and transverse heat transfer is in a preliminary development stage. Critically, limited suitable data exists for validation of heat trans-fer through walls exposed to fires. Mass loss and discoloration fire effects are directly related to the heat transfer and thermal decomposition of walls, therefore it is crucial that the representation of transverse heat transfer in walls in fire models be validated to ensure that fire investigators can produce accurate simulations and reconstructions with these tools. The purpose of this study was to conduct a series of experiments to obtain data that addresses three validation spaces: 1) thermal exposure to walls from fires; 2) heat transfer within walls exposed to fires; and 3) fire damage patterns arising on walls exposed to fires. Fire Safety Research Institute, part of UL Research Institutes, in collaboration with the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives Fire Research Laboratory, led this novel research endeavor. Experiments were performed on three types of walls to address the needs in this validation space: 1. Steel sheet (304 stainless steel, 0.793 mm thick, coated in high-emissivity high-temperature paint on both sides). This wall type was used to support the heat flux validation objective. By combining measurements of gas temperatures near the wall with surface temperatures obtained using infrared thermography, estimates of the incident heat flux to the wall were produced. 2. Calcium silicate board (BNZ Marinite I, 12.7 mm thick). This wall type was used to support the heat transfer validation objective. Since calcium silicate board is a noncombustible material with well-characterized thermophysical properties at elevated temperatures, measurements of surface temperature may be used to validate transverse heat transfer in a fire model without the need to account for a decomposition mechanism. 3. Gypsum wallboard (USG Sheetrock Ultralight, 12.7 mm thick, coated in white latex paint on the exposed side). This wall type was used to support the fire damage patterns validation objective. Two types of fire effects were considered: 1) discoloration and charring of the painted paper facing of the gypsum wallboard; and 2) mass loss of the gypsum wallboard (which is related to the calcination of the core material). In addition to temperature and heat flux measurements, high resolution photographs of fire patterns were recorded, and mass loss over the entirety of the wall was measured by cutting the wall into smaller samples and measuring the mass of each individual sample. A total of 63 experiments were conducted, encompassing seven fire sources and three wall types (each combination conducted in triplicate). Fire sources included a natural gas burner, gasoline and heptane pools, wood cribs, and upholstered furniture. A methodology was developed for obtaining estimates of field heat flux to a wall using a large plate heat flux sensor. This included a numerical optimization scheme to account for convection heat transfer. These data characterized the incident heat flux received by calcium silicate board and gypsum wallboard in subsequent experiments. Fire damage patterns on the gypsum wallboard, attributed to discoloration and mass loss fire effects, were measured. It was found that heat flux and mass loss fields were similar for a given fire type, but the relationship between these measurements was not consistent across all fire types. Therefore, it was concluded that cumulative heat flux does not adequately describe the mass loss fire effect. Fire damage patterns attributed to the discoloration fire effect were defined as the line of demarcation separating charred and uncharred regions of the wall. It was found that the average values of cumulative heat flux and mass loss ratio coinciding with the fire damage patterns were 10.41 ± 1.51 MJ m−2 and 14.86 ± 2.08 %, respectively. These damage metrics may have utility in predicting char delineation damage patterns in gypsum wallboard using a fire model, with the mass loss ratio metric being overall the best fit over all exposures considered. The dataset produced in this study has been published to a public repository, and may be accessed from the following URL: <https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10543089>.

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10

Rich, Megan, Charles Beightol, Christy Visaggi, Justin Tweet e Vincent Santucci. Vicksburg National Military Park: Paleontological resource inventory (sensitive version). National Park Service, marzo 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2297321.

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Vicksburg National Military Park (VICK) was established for its historical significance as a one of the principle military sieges resulting in a turning point during the American Civil War. The steep terrain around the city of Vicksburg was integral in the military siege, providing high vantage points and a substrate that was easy to entrench for the armies, but unknown to many is the fossil content, particularly a diversity of fossil mollusks. These fossils at VICK are important paleontological resources which have yet to receive focused attention from park staff, visitors, and researchers. The park’s geology is dominated by windblown silt from the last Ice Age which overlays river-transported gravels and bedrock of the late Oligocene–early Miocene-age Catahoula Formation or early Oligocene Vicksburg Group. The park is home to the type section (a geological reference locality upon which a formation is based) for the Mint Spring Formation, one of the most fossiliferous formations in this group (Henderson et al. 2022). Beginning roughly 32 million years ago (Dockery 2019), the early Oligocene deposits of the Vicksburg Group were deposited as the sea level along the Gulf Coast shore repeatedly rose and fell. The eponymously named Vicksburg Group is comprised of, from oldest to youngest, the Forest Hill, Mint Spring, Marianna Limestone, Glendon Limestone, Byram, and Bucatunna Formations. Each of these formations are within VICK’s boundaries, in addition to outcrops of the younger Catahoula Formation. Paleozoic fossils transported by the ancestral Mississippi River have also been redeposited within VICK as pre-loess stream gravels. Overlying these layers is the Quaternary-age silt which composes the loess found throughout VICK, meaning the park’s fossils span the entire Phanerozoic Eon. The fossils of VICK consist mostly of near-shore marine Oligocene invertebrates including corals, bryozoans, bivalves, gastropods, scaphopods, ostracods, and more, though terrestrial and freshwater snails of the loess, microfossils, plant fossils, occasional vertebrates, and others can also be found in the park. Notable historical figures such as Charles Alexandre Lesueur, Charles Lyell, and John Wesley Powell all collected fossils or studied geology in the Vicksburg area. The Vicksburg Group is culturally relevant as well, as the Glendon Limestone Formation has been identified by its embedded fossils as a source rock for Native American effigy pipes. This paleontological resource inventory is the first of its kind for VICK. Although Vicksburg fossils have most recently been studied as part of the Gulf Coast Inventory & Monitoring Network (Kenworthy et al. 2007), the park has never received a comprehensive, dedicated fossil inventory before this report. At least 27 fossil species, listed in Appendix B, have been named and described from specimens collected from within VICK’s lands, and VICK fossils can be found at six or more non-NPS museum repositories. Beginning in January 2022, field surveys were undertaken at VICK, covering nearly all the park’s wooded areas, streams, and other portions beyond the preserved trenches and tour road. Fossils were collected or observed at 72 localities. These specimens will be added into VICK’s museum collections, which previously contained no paleontological resources. Considering the minimal attention dedicated to these resources in the past, these newly acquired fossil specimens may be used in the future for educational, interpretive, or research purposes. Future park construction needs should take into account the protection of these resources by avoiding important localities or allowing collection efforts before localities become inaccessible or lost.

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