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1
Marco-Herrero, Elena, Montserrat Ramón, Sergio Ramírez-Amaro, Olga Sánchez-Guillamón, Francesc Ordines, Carmina López-Rodríguez, María Teresa Farriols, Juan Tomás Vázquez e Enric Massutí. "New Deep-Sea Molluscan Records from Mallorca Channel Seamounts (North-Western Mediterranean)". Diversity 14, n. 11 (29 ottobre 2022): 928. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14110928.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Seamounts are globally important and essential ecosystems for supporting and maintaining marine biodiversity. In the Mallorca Channel, three prominent seamounts are present: Ausias March, Ses Olives and Emile Baudot. Currently, this area is being evaluated for inclusion in the Natura 2000 network. For this objective three surveys were conducted in the seamounts of the Mallorca Channel during July 2018 and July 2020. Samples of macro-invertebrates obtained in the deep sea revealed a rich fauna of Mollusca (68 species belonging to 40 families). New Mollusca occurrences included: four species of Gastropoda: Colus jeffreysianus, Cantrainea peloritana, Fusiturris similis, Gymnobela abyssorum, and seven species of Bivalvia: Pododesmus squama, Allogramma formosa, Asperarca nodulosa, Cetomya neaeroides, Spondylus gussonii, Haliris granulata and Policordia gemma. Where possible, the identification of these species was confirmed using the DNA barcoding method (sequencing of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I). This study contributes towards filling the gap in knowledge of deep-sea mollusc fauna of the north-western Mediterranean.
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Greenstreet, Simon P. R., Helen M. Fraser e Gerjan J. Piet. "Using MPAs to address regional-scale ecological objectives in the North Sea: modelling the effects of fishing effort displacement". ICES Journal of Marine Science 66, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2009): 90–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsn214.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Greenstreet, S. P. R., Fraser, H. M., and Piet, G. J. 2009. Using MPAs to address regional-scale ecological objectives in the North Sea: modelling the effects of fishing effort displacement. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 90–100. The use of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) to address regional-scale objectives as part of an ecosystem approach to management in the North Sea is examined. Ensuring that displacement of fishing activity does not negate the ecological benefits gained from MPAs is a major concern. Two scenarios are considered: using MPAs to safeguard important areas for groundfish species diversity and using them to reduce fishing impacts on benthic invertebrates. Appropriate MPAs were identified using benthic invertebrate and fish abundance data. Fishing effort redistribution was modelled using international landings and fishing effort data. Closing 7.7% of the North Sea to protect groundfish species diversity increased the fishing impact on benthic invertebrates. Closing 7.3% of the North Sea specifically to protect benthic invertebrates reduced fishing mortality by just 1.7–3.8%, but when combined with appropriate reductions in total allowable catch (TAC), 16.2–17.4% reductions in fishing mortality were achieved. MPAs on their own are unlikely to achieve significant regional-scale ecosystem benefits, because local gains are largely negated by fishing effort displacement into the remainder of the North Sea. However, in combination with appropriate TAC reductions, the effectiveness of MPAs may be enhanced.
3
Robinson, L. A., S. P. R. Greenstreet, H. Reiss, R. Callaway, J. Craeymeersch, I. de Boois, S. Degraer et al. "Length–weight relationships of 216 North Sea benthic invertebrates and fish". Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 90, n. 1 (14 gennaio 2010): 95–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315409991408.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Size-based analyses of marine animals are increasingly used to improve understanding of community structure and function. However, the resources required to record individual body weights for benthic animals, where the number of individuals can reach several thousand in a square metre, are often prohibitive. Here we present morphometric (length–weight) relationships for 216 benthic species from the North Sea to permit weight estimation from length measurements. These relationships were calculated using data collected over two years from 283 stations. For ten abundant and widely dispersed species we tested for significant spatial and temporal differences in morphometric relationships. Some were found, but the magnitude of differences was small in relation to the size-ranges of animals that are usually present and we recommend that the regression relationships given here, based on pooled data, are appropriate for most types of population and community analyses. Our hope is that the availability of these morphometric relationships will encourage the more frequent application of size-based analyses to benthic survey data, and so enhance understanding of the ecology of the benthic/demersal component of marine ecosystems and food webs.
4
Dyer, M. F. "The Distribution of Hyas Araneus (L.) and Hyas Coarctatus Leach (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) in the North Sea and the Svalbard Region". Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 65, n. 1 (febbraio 1985): 195–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400060902.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The distribution patterns of many marine benthic invertebrates are not well known, and when records exist they are usually in the form of presence and absence data with little or no information on the relative density of populations from area to area.
5
Ivanova, Elena P., Olga I. Nedashkovskaya, Tomoo Sawabe, Natalia V. Zhukova, Galina M. Frolova, Dan V. Nicolau, Valery V. Mikhailov e John P. Bowman. "Shewanella affinis sp. nov., isolated from marine invertebrates". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 54, n. 4 (1 luglio 2004): 1089–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.02992-0.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Four marine bacterial strains, designated KMM 3587T, KMM 3586, KMM 3821 and KMM 3822, were isolated from the sipuncula Phascolosoma japonicum, a common inhabitant of Troitza Bay in the Gulf of Peter the Great (Sea of Japan region), and from an unidentified hydrocoral species collected in Makarov Bay (Iturup Islands), Kuril Islands, North-West Pacific Ocean. The strains were characterized to clarify their taxonomic position. 16S rRNA gene sequences of KMM 3587T and KMM 3586 indicated 99 % similarity to Shewanella colwelliana. Despite such a high level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, DNA–DNA hybridization experiments demonstrated only 45–52 % binding with DNA of S. colwelliana ATCC 39565T. The DNA G+C contents of the novel strains were 45 mol% and the shared level of DNA hybridization was conspecific (81–97 %), indicating that they represent a single genospecies. The novel strains were mesophilic (able to grow at 10–34 °C), neutrophilic and haemolytic, and able to degrade gelatin, casein and Tween 20, 40 and 80, but not starch, agar, elastin, alginate or chitin. The major fatty acids were i13 : 0, i15 : 0, 16 : 0, 16 : 1ω7 and 17 : 1ω8 (68·9 % of total). The major isoprenoid quinones were Q7 (47–62 %) and Q8 (26–47 %). Eicosapentaenoic acid was produced in minor amounts. Based on these data, the strains are assigned to a novel species, Shewanella affinis sp. nov. (type strain KMM 3587T=CIP 107703T=ATCC BAA-642T).
6
Long, D. "The identification of features due to former permafrost in the North Sea". Geological Society, London, Engineering Geology Special Publications 7, n. 1 (1991): 369–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.eng.1991.007.01.32.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractAnalysis of offshore data at scales varing from macroscopic to kilometric suggest the former presence of permafrost in the North Sea. However due to the nature of marine data, the techniques used in recognizing features due to former permafrost differ from that used on land. The evidence can also occur in forms unique to the marine field. Awareness of the former existence of permafrost in the North Sea will aid geological assessment of offshore site investigations.
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Lachnit, Martina, Matthias T. Buhmann, Jennifer Klemm, Nils Kröger e Nicole Poulsen. "Identification of proteins in the adhesive trails of the diatom Amphora coffeaeformis". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 374, n. 1784 (9 settembre 2019): 20190196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0196.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Throughout all kingdoms of life, a large number of adhesive biomolecules have evolved to allow organisms to adhere to surfaces underwater. Proteins play an important role in the adhesion of numerous marine invertebrates (e.g. mussels, sea stars, sea urchins) whereas much less is known about the biological adhesives from marine plants, including the diatoms. Diatoms are unicellular microalgae that together with bacteria dominate marine biofilms in sunlit habitats. In this study we present the first proteomics analyses of the diatom adhesive material isolated from the tenacious fouling species Amphora coffeaeformis . We identified 21 proteins, of which 13 are diatom-specific. Ten of these proteins share a conserved C-terminal domain, termed GDPH domain, which is widespread yet not ubiquitously present in all diatom classes. Immunofluorescence localization of a GDPH domain bearing protein (Ac629) as well as two other proteins identified in this study (Ac1442, Ac9617) demonstrated that these are components of the adhesive trails that are secreted by cells that glide on surfaces. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Transdisciplinary approaches to the study of adhesion and adhesives in biological systems’.
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Kaewkrajay, Chutima, Thanongsak Chanmethakul e Savitree Limtong. "Assessment of Diversity of Culturable Marine Yeasts Associated with Corals and Zoanthids in the Gulf of Thailand, South China Sea". Microorganisms 8, n. 4 (26 marzo 2020): 474. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8040474.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Marine yeasts can occur in a wide range of habitats, including in marine invertebrates, in which they may play important roles; however, investigation of marine yeasts in marine invertebrates is scarce. Therefore, this study aims to explore the diversity of yeasts associated with corals and zoanthids in the Gulf of Thailand. Thirty-three coral and seven zoanthid samples were collected at two sampling sites near Mu and Khram islands. Fifty yeast strains were able to be isolated from 25 of the 40 samples collected. Identification based on sequence analyses of the D1/D2 domain of the large subunit rRNA gene revealed a higher number of strains in the phylum Basidiomycota (68%) than in the phylum Ascomycota. The ascomycetous yeasts comprised nine known species from four genera (Candida, Meyerozyma, Kodamaea, and Wickerhamomyces), whereas the basidiomycetous yeasts comprised 10 known species from eight genera (Vishniacozyma, Filobasidium, Naganishia, Papiliotrema, Sterigmatomyces, Cystobasidium, Rhodotorula, and Rhodosporidiobolus) and one potentially new species. The species with the highest occurrence was Rhodotorula mucilaginosa. Using principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) ordination, no marked differences were found in the yeast communities from the two sampling sites. The estimation of the expected richness of species was higher than the actual richness of species observed.
9
Bourgeois-Roy, Andréanne, Hugo Crites, Pascal Bernatchez, Denis Lacelle e André Martel. "Abrupt mortality of marine invertebrates at the Younger Dryas-Holocene transition in a shallow inlet of the Goldthwait Sea". Holocene 28, n. 12 (10 settembre 2018): 1894–908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683618798130.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The late Pleistocene–early Holocene transition period was characterized by rapid environmental change. Here, we investigate the impact of these changes on the marine invertebrates living in a shallow inlet of the post-glacial Goldthwait Sea. The site is located near Baie-Comeau (QC, Canada), where a number of remarkably well-preserved shell deposits are found along the Rivière aux Anglais Valley on the north shore of the St. Lawrence maritime estuary. Seven phyla of marine invertebrates with a minimum of 25 species or taxa were inventoried in a shell deposit, dominated by a community of Hiatella arctica with Mytilus edulis and barnacles composing the subcommunity. The majority of taxa identified in the shell deposit are boreal and sub-Arctic species; however, temperate species that exist today in the St. Lawrence maritime estuary have not been found. Based on marine invertebrate diversity and δ18O(CaCO3) of Mytilus edulis, the water in the shallow inlet of the Goldthwait Sea must have been cold and saline. The range of AMS 14C ages from 15 Mytilus edulis, constrained to 10,900 and 10,690 cal. yr BP, and exceptional state of preservation of adult and juvenile molluscan specimens suggest the abrupt mortality of entire invertebrate communities due to changing hydrodynamic conditions that included the combined effect of freshwater discharge from the receding Laurentide Ice Sheet and rapid isostatic uplift.
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Scinto, Alice, Giorgio Bavestrello, Massimo Boyer, Monica Previati e Carlo Cerrano. "Gorgonian mortality related to a massive attack by caprellids in the Bunaken Marine Park (North Sulawesi, Indonesia)". Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 88, n. 4 (25 giugno 2008): 723–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002531540800129x.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
A massive attack of caprellids is reported here, that is related to a local mortality event of gorgonians in North Sulawesi. Three species of sea fans were affected by the presence of Metaprotella sandalensis, a caprellid widely distributed in the Indo-Pacific. The degree of damage here documented was in relation to the skeletal features of the gorgonian species. The amphipod gut contents were analysed, highlighting an unusual trophic source for caprellids and a new predator for gorgonians. This phenomenon is discussed also evidencing parallels between colonial marine invertebrates and their predators and terrestrial plant–herbivore interactions.
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Moss, Madonna L. "Did Tlingit Ancestors Eat Sea Otters? Addressing Intellectual Property and Cultural Heritage through Zooarchaeology". American Antiquity 85, n. 2 (11 febbraio 2020): 202–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aaq.2019.101.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The maritime fur trade caused the extirpation of sea otters from southeast Alaska. In the 1960s, sea otters were reintroduced, and their numbers have increased. Now, sea otters are competing with people for what have become commercially important invertebrates. After having been absent for more than a century, the reentry of this keystone species has unsettled people. Although some communities perceive sea otters as a threat to their livelihoods, others view their return as restoration of the marine ecosystem. The federal Marine Mammal Protection Act authorizes any Alaska Native to harvest sea otters for subsistence provided that the harvest is not wasteful. Some people are seeking to define “traditional” Tlingit use of sea otters as not only using their pelts but consuming them as food, but some Tlingit maintain they never ate sea otters. This project analyzes the largest precontact archaeological assemblage of sea otter bones in southeast Alaska, with the benefit of insights gained from observing a Tlingit hunter skin a sea otter to infer that Tlingit ancestors hunted sea otters primarily for pelts. The extent to which other Indigenous peoples of the North Pacific consumed sea otters as food deserves investigation, especially as sea otters recolonize their historic range.
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Alekseev, Victor, e Natalia Sukhikh. "Ust-Luga Seaport of Russia: Biological Invasions and Resting Stages Accumulation". Life 13, n. 1 (31 dicembre 2022): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life13010117.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This article describes the results of a three-year study of invasive species of aquatic ecosystems in the vicinity of Ust-Luga, the largest Russian seaport in the Baltic. Taking into account the great importance of the participation of marine vessels in the dispersal of invasive species, an experimental study of the seasonality of accumulation of resting stages of aquatic invertebrates in the ballast compartments of a vessel located in the Baltic Sea of the Gulf of Finland was carried out. Experiments show that the time of filling the ballast compartments in late summer and autumn poses the greatest risk for the spread of aquatic invertebrates with ship ballast water. In the Baltic Russian port, 11 invasive species of zooplankton and zoobenthos were found, which comprises 15% of the biodiversity in the samples. Copepoda demonstrated the highest presence of invasive species in class among zooplankton groups (14%) and Malacostraca among benthos groups (80%). Alien species findings correspond to the main vectors of invasive species dispersal for the Baltic Sea: North America, Indochina, and the Ponto-Caspian region.
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ROGERS, D. CHRISTOPHER. "Taxonomic certification versus the scientific method". Zootaxa 3257, n. 1 (4 aprile 2012): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3257.1.5.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Over the last 30 years or so there has been an increasing need for organism identification services. This has been the positive result of increased habitat monitoring, particularly as regards water quality. Organism diversity and community structure are used as an overall meter stick of habitat health and functionality, in a method referred to as biomonitoring. To meet the organism identification need, private and government laboratories specializing in identification work have been developed, particularly in North America, Europe and Australia. I myself have worked in this industry and was employed in either government or private laboratories over the last 18 years. These laboratories primarily identify benthic aquatic invertebrates, periphyton, phytoplankton, zooplankton and fish (both freshwater and marine).
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Sadaka, Shehin M. C., K. A. Jayaraj, Ameen Ummath, Venu Sasidharan e Fahmeeda P. S. Parveen. "Isolation and Identification of Biofilm forming Bacteria from Glass Panels exposed in Sea Waters of South Andaman, India". Research Journal of Biotechnology 19, n. 4 (29 febbraio 2024): 54–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.25303/1904rjbt054063.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Marine organisms attach to surfaces that are submerged in seawater in a process known as biofouling. These organisms can colonize on various surfaces such as ship hulls, pillars, jetties, undersea pipelines, oil rigs and buoys. Foulers can include bacteria, algae, barnacles, mussels and other invertebrates. The initial adhesion of fouling bacteria is the first stage of biofouling. The growth and attachment of marine fouling bacteria are influenced by various environmental factors including salinity, temperature and nutrient availability. The bacteria forming marine biofilm were isolated and identified from glass panels. Basic microbiological phenotypic identification methods and genotypic validation using 16s rRNA gene sequencing were used to identify the bacterial strains. The phylogenetic analysis of the 16s rRNA gene sequences confirmed 13 different species (Bacillus aquimaris (2), Vibrio hepatarius (1), Exiguobacterium profundum (3), Exiguobacterium aestuarii (2), Vibrio parahaemolyticus (2), Vibrio alginolyticus (3), Vibrio azureus (2), Vibrio fluvialis (2), Priestia flexa (1), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2), Bacillus megaterium (2), Lysinibacillus macroides (2) and Bacillus subtilis (1)) of fouling bacteria belonging to six genera.
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Murano, Carola, Annalisa Zuccarotto, Serena Leone, Marco Sollitto, Marco Gerdol, Immacolata Castellano e Anna Palumbo. "A Survey on the Distribution of Ovothiol and ovoA Gene Expression in Different Tissues and Cells: A Comparative Analysis in Sea Urchins and Mussels". Marine Drugs 20, n. 4 (15 aprile 2022): 268. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md20040268.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Ovothiols are histidine-derived thiols produced by a variety of marine invertebrates, protists and bacteria. These compounds, which are among the strongest natural antioxidants, are involved in controlling the cellular redox balance due to their redox exchange with glutathione. Although ovothiols were initially reported as protective agents against environmental stressors, new evidence suggests that they can also act as pheromones and participate in fundamental biological processes such as embryogenesis. To get further insight into the biological roles of ovothiols, we compared ovothiol biosynthesis in the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus and in the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis, the two species that represent the richest sources of these compounds among marine invertebrates. Ovothiol content was measured in different tissues and in the immune cells from both species and the expression levels of ovoA, the gene responsible for ovothiol biosynthesis, was inferred from publicly available transcriptomes. A comparative analysis of ovothiol biosynthesis in the two species allowed the identification of the tissues and cells synthesizing the metabolite and highlighted analogies and differences between sea urchins and mussels. By improving our knowledge on the biological roles of ovothiols and pointing out the existence of sustainable natural sources for their isolation, this study provides the basis for future biotechnological investigations on these valuable compounds.
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VASILICA, FLORENTINA-AURELIA, CARMEN-ANCA SAFTA e MARIANA PANAITESCU. "EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH ON THE PRESENCE OF HYDROCARBONS IN THE SOIL OF THE NORTH CONSTANTA ZONE". Journal of Marine Technology and Environment, n. 1 (1 aprile 2024): 58–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.53464/jmte.01.2024.10.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This experimental research engages in an investigation of sediment quality, with a focus on the identification and quantification of hydrocarbons and other contaminants that may adversely affect the health of the marine and terrestrial ecosystem in the Black Sea region. The purpose of this experimental research is to contribute to the understanding of the dynamics of hydrocarbon pollution and its impact on the marine and terrestrial environment in the Black Sea area.
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Abessa, Denis Moledo de Souza, Letícia França Albanit, Pedro Henrique Paixão de Moura, Vitória Soares Nogueira, Felipe Teixeira Santana, Kainã Fagundes, Maysa Ueda, Otto Patrão de Oliveira Muller e Caio Cesar-Ribeiro. "A Glow before Darkness: Toxicity of Glitter Particles to Marine Invertebrates". Toxics 11, n. 7 (16 luglio 2023): 617. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics11070617.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Glitter particles are considered a model of microplastics, which are used in a wide range of products. In this study, we evaluated the toxicity of two types of glitter (green and white, with distinct chemical compositions) dispersions on the embryonic development of the sea urchins Echinometra lucunte, Arbacia lixula, and the mussel Perna perna. The Toxicity Identification and Evaluation (TIE) approach was used to identify possible chemicals related to toxicity. Glitter dispersions were prepared using 0.05% ethanol. The tested dispersions ranged from 50 to 500 mg/L. The white glitter was composed of a vinyl chloride–methyl acrylate copolymer. The effective concentrations of green glitter to 50% embryos (EC50) were 246.1 (235.8–256.4) mg/L to A. lixula, 23.0 (20.2–25.8) mg/L to P. perna and 105.9 (61.2–150.2) mg/L, whereas the EC50 of white glitter to E. lucunter was 272.2 (261.5–282.9) mg/L. The EC50 for P. perna could not be calculated; however, the lowest effect concentration was 10 mg/L—that was the lowest concentration tested. The filtered suspension of green glitter had Ag levels exceeding the legal standards for marine waters. TIE showed that metals, volatiles, and oxidant compounds contribute to toxicity. The results showed that glitter may adversely affect marine organisms; however, further studies are necessary to determine its environmental risks.
18
McManus, John. "A hydrographic framework for marine conservation in Scotland". Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Section B. Biological Sciences 100 (1992): 3–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269727000011040.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
SynopsisOrganisms and sea floor sediments respond to a number of physical and physico-chemical factors, the understanding of which permits identification of areas with typical and potentially aberrant habitats and deposits. After a resumé of the bathymetry of Scottish water tides, tidal current and residual currents stemming from the circulation in the North Atlantic are examined. The salinity and temperature interrelationships in many areas are summarised in open shelf waters, sea lochs and estuaries. Sea floor sediments commonly reflect reworking of glacial deposits coupled with varying indigenous populations of organisms which contribute skeletal debris to the particulate assemblages characterising the bed.
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Gerdes, Gisela, e Wolgang E. Krumbein. "Burrowing and tube-building marine invertebrates controlled by potential siliciclastic stromatolites of the supratidal (Southern North Sea Coast)". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen 172, n. 2 (16 giugno 1986): 163–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/njgpa/172/1986/163.
Testo completo
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MACKENZIE, K., e W. HEMMINGSEN. "Parasites as biological tags in marine fisheries research: European Atlantic waters". Parasitology 142, n. 1 (10 aprile 2014): 54–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182014000341.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
SUMMARYStudies of the use of parasites as biological tags for stock identification and to follow migrations of marine fish, mammals and invertebrates in European Atlantic waters are critically reviewed and evaluated. The region covered includes the North, Baltic, Barents and White Seas plus Icelandic waters, but excludes the Mediterranean and Black Seas. Each fish species or ecological group of species is treated separately. More parasite tag studies have been carried out on Atlantic herring Clupea harengus than on any other species, while cod Gadus morhua have also been the subject of many studies. Other species that have been the subjects of more than one study are: blue whiting Micromesistius poutassou, whiting Merlangius merlangus, haddock Melanogrammus aeglefinus, Norway pout Trisopterus esmarkii, horse mackerel Trachurus trachurus and mackerel Scomber scombrus. Other species are dealt with under the general headings redfishes, flatfish, tunas, anadromous fish, elasmobranchs, marine mammals and invertebrates. A final section highlights how parasites can be, and have been, misused as biological tags, and how this can be avoided. It also reviews recent developments in methodology and parasite genetics, considers the potential effects of climate change on the distributions of both hosts and parasites, and suggests host-parasite systems that should reward further research.
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Bezhenar, Roman, Kyung Tae Jung, Vladimir Maderich, Stefan Willemsen, Govert de With e Fangli Qiao. "Transfer of radiocaesium from contaminated bottom sediments to marine organisms through benthic food chains in post-Fukushima and post-Chernobyl periods". Biogeosciences 13, n. 10 (23 maggio 2016): 3021–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-3021-2016.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract. After the earthquake and tsunami on 11 March 2011 damaged the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP), an accidental release of a large amount of radioactive isotopes into both the air and the ocean occurred. Measurements provided by the Japanese agencies over the past 5 years show that elevated concentrations of 137Cs still remain in sediments, benthic organisms, and demersal fishes in the coastal zone around the FDNPP. These observations indicate that there are 137Cs transfer pathways from bottom sediments to the marine organisms. To describe the transfer quantitatively, the dynamic food chain biological uptake model of radionuclides (BURN) has been extended to include benthic marine organisms. The extended model takes into account both pelagic and benthic marine organisms grouped into several classes based on their trophic level and type of species: phytoplankton, zooplankton, and fishes (two types: piscivorous and non-piscivorous) for the pelagic food chain; deposit-feeding invertebrates, demersal fishes fed by benthic invertebrates, and bottom omnivorous predators for the benthic food chain; crustaceans, mollusks, and coastal predators feeding on both pelagic and benthic organisms. Bottom invertebrates ingest organic parts of bottom sediments with adsorbed radionuclides which then migrate up through the food chain. All organisms take radionuclides directly from water as well as food. The model was implemented into the compartment model POSEIDON-R and applied to the north-western Pacific for the period of 1945–2010, and then for the period of 2011–2020 to assess the radiological consequences of 137Cs released due to the FDNPP accident. The model simulations for activity concentrations of 137Cs in both pelagic and benthic organisms in the coastal area around the FDNPP agree well with measurements for the period of 2011–2015. The decrease constant in the fitted exponential function of simulated concentration for the deposit-feeding invertebrates (0.45 yr−1) is close to the observed decrease constant in sediments (0.44 yr−1). These results strongly indicate that the gradual decrease of activity in demersal fish (decrease constant is 0.46 yr−1) is caused by the transfer of activity from organic matter deposited in bottom sediment through the deposit-feeding invertebrates. The estimated model transfer coefficient from bulk sediment to demersal fish in the model for 2012–2020 (0.13) is larger than that to the deposit-feeding invertebrates (0.07). In addition, the transfer of 137Cs through food webs for the period of 1945–2020 has been modelled for the Baltic Sea contaminated due to global fallout and from the Chernobyl accident. The model simulation results obtained with generic parameters are also in good agreement with available measurements in the Baltic Sea. Unlike the open coastal system where the FDNPP is located, the dynamics of radionuclide transfer in the Baltic Sea reach a quasi-steady state due to the slow rate in water mass exchange in this semi-enclosed basin. Obtained results indicate a substantial contribution of the benthic food chain in the long-term transfer of 137Cs from contaminated bottom sediments to marine organisms and the potential application of a generic model in different regions of the world's oceans.
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Schroh, Capt Klaus. "ADVANCED AERIAL SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM FOR DETECTION OF MARINE POLLUTION AND INTERNATIONAL AERIAL SURVEILLANCE COOPERATION IN THE NORTH AND BALTIC SEAS". International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1995, n. 1 (1 febbraio 1995): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1995-1-21.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
ABSTRACT Marine pollution of the North and the Baltic Seas caused by accidental and illegal operational discharges has sharpened the awareness of states adjoining these waters. Consequently, the member states of the Bonn Agreement1 for the North Sea and the Helsinki Convention2 for the Baltic Sea have agreed to cooperate closely to develop remote-sensing techniques to improve the detection of oil pollution and the identification of polluters, and to develop reliable methods to estimate the total level of oil pollution at sea. In the ministerial declaration of the Third International Conference on the Protection of the North Sea (1990) and according to a recommendation of the Helsinki Commission, the member states are invited to develop and improve the existing remote-sensing techniques for effective evaluation of spills, even at night and under bad weather conditions. With the integration of a laser fluorosensor (LFS) and a microwave radiometer (MWR) in its existing sensor system (SLAR, IR/UV scanner, single frequency MWR), Germany has widened the detection and identification by enabling classification of discharged oil and the detection of released chemicals with fluorescent properties. Apart from this technical progress, the international cooperation between the North Sea and Baltic Sea states is a further step to deter potential polluters and to improve the prosecution of suspected offenders and to assist oil recovery operations at sea through permanent aerial guidance.
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Furfaro, Giulia, Fabio Vitale, Cataldo Licchelli e Paolo Mariottini. "Two Seas for One Great Diversity: Checklist of the Marine Heterobranchia (Mollusca; Gastropoda) from the Salento Peninsula (South-East Italy)". Diversity 12, n. 5 (26 aprile 2020): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d12050171.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The Salento peninsula is a portion of the Italian mainland separating two distinct Mediterranean basins, the Ionian and the Adriatic seas. Several authors have studied the marine Heterobranchia (Mollusca, Gastropoda) fauna composition living in the Ionian Sea, but to date further knowledge regarding this interesting group of mollusks is still needed. Recent studies have corroborated the peculiarity of the Mediterranean Sea showing high levels of endemism and cryptic diversity. On the other hand, marine sea slugs have been revealed to be important indicators of the marine ecosystem’s health, due to their species-specific diet that consist of a vast variety of sessile and benthic invertebrates. A baseline study of the marine Heterobranchia diversity is therefore a necessary step to reveal the hidden diversity and to monitor the possible presence of alien species. The present study shows results from approximately 600 scientific dives carried out during a nine-year period in all of the main submarine habitats of the studied area, while accounting for the marine Heterobranchia from both the Ionian and Adriatic Seas. With this contribution, the list of marine Heterobranchia inhabiting the Salento Peninsula rises to 160. Furthermore, it also reports, for the first time, the presence of one alien species and three new records for Italian waters. Ecological notes and geographical distribution for each added species are provided together with animal iconography, consisting mainly of in situ photographs, for species identification.
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Eisenbarth, Jan-Hendrik, Nani Undap, Adelfia Papu, Dorothee Schillo, Jobel Dialao, Sven Reumschüssel, Fontje Kaligis et al. "Marine Heterobranchia (Gastropoda, Mollusca) in Bunaken National Park, North Sulawesi, Indonesia—A Follow-Up Diversity Study". Diversity 10, n. 4 (4 dicembre 2018): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d10040127.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Bunaken National Park has been surveyed for a fourth time in 14 years, in an attempt to establish the species composition of heterobranch sea slugs in a baseline study for monitoring programs and protection of this special park. These molluscs are potentially good indicators of the health of an ecosystem, as many are species-specific predators on a huge variety of marine benthic and sessile invertebrates from almost every taxonomic group. Additionally, they are known to contain bio-compounds of significance in the pharmaceutical industry. It is therefore of paramount importance not only to document the species composition from a zoogeographic point of view, but to assist in their protection for the future, both in terms of economics and aesthetics. These four surveys have documented more than 200 species, with an approximate 50% of each collection found only on that survey and not re-collected. Many species new to science have also been documented, highlighting the lack of knowledge in this field.
25
Williams, Nic A., David R. Dixon, Eve C. Southward e Peter W. H. Holland. "Molecular evolution and diversification of the vestimentiferan tube worms". Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 73, n. 2 (maggio 1993): 437–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400032987.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The Vestimentifera, or deep-sea tube worms, comprise an ecologically and anatomically unusual group of marine invertebrates, with poorly understood biogeography, ecology, phylogenetic affinities and evolutionary radiation. To gain insight into evolutionary diversification within the group, we have used a molecular biological approach. We report the cloning of a region of 28S ribosomal DNA from representatives of five vestimentiferan genera plus, for comparison, a polychaete and a perviate pogonophore. Phylogenetic analyses using these DNA sequences confirm thatRidgeiaandTevniaare closely related genera. The analyses also lead us to propose the hypothesis that the earliest vestimentiferan lineage to diverge gave rise to the genusLamellibrachiaonly. In addition, our comparative DNA sequence data now provide a means to use molecular methods for identification of deep-sea tube worms; we employed this approach to demonstrate that the first vestimentiferan specimen from the eastern Atlantic Ocean belongs to the genusLamellibrachia. DNA-based identification should have wide applications in the study of vestimentiferan biogeography and ecology.
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Antoniadou, Chryssanthi, Martha Pantelidou, Maria Skoularikou e Chariton Charles Chintiroglou. "Mass Mortality of Shallow-Water Temperate Corals in Marine Protected Areas of the North Aegean Sea (Eastern Mediterranean)". Hydrobiology 2, n. 2 (30 aprile 2023): 311–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrobiology2020020.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Coral mortality is a global phenomenon of increasing magnitude, correlated with climate change. Prolonged marine heatwaves have particularly affected the north Aegean Sea in summer 2021, threatening shallow-water stony corals, such as Balanophyllia europaea and Cladocora caespitosa. To assess their population status, ten coastal, rocky-bottom stations dispersed in Natura 2000 sites of Chalkidiki (north Aegean) were surveyed using non-destructive techniques in autumn 2021. At each station, corals’ abundance was estimated in situ, by counting the number of B. europaea polyps within randomly placed 50 × 50 cm quadrats, and the number of C. caespitosa colonies along three replicate belt transects 1 × 10 m. The status of corals was qualitatively assigned as healthy, bleached (partially or complete), or in necrosis (partial or complete). B. europaea was found in 80% of stations; in total, 58.17% of the coral specimens were affected by necrosis. C. caespitosa was found in 30% of stations; in total, 27.49% of the coral colonies were partially bleached and 11.32% in necrosis. Another nine sessile invertebrates (sponges, bivalves, and ascidians) were observed in necrosis. These results highlight the need to establish monitoring programs on vulnerable sessile invertebrate populations along the Aegean Sea to assess climate change impacts.
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Chacón-Monge, José-Leonardo, Arturo Angulo e Jorge Cortés. "New hosts and morphological data for the Star pearlfish Carapus mourlani (Ophidiiformes: Carapidae) from collections made in the North Pacific coast of Costa Rica". Revista de Biología Tropical 69, Suppl.2 (6 settembre 2021): S219—S233. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v69isuppl.2.48319.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Introduction: The family Carapidae includes about 40 species of marine fishes distributed in coastal habitats worldwide. The family includes some free-living species, however, most of them are found as commensal inquilines or parasites of marine invertebrates, including several echinoderm species. In the Eastern Tropical Pacific, the biology and host use of the representatives of the Carapidae is relatively poorly known.
Objective: The present study reports the occurrence of the Star pearlfish Carapus mourlani within three previously unknown hosts in the region: the sea stars Nidorellia armata, Phataria unifascialis, and the sea cucumber Stichopus horrens. Some ecological implications and considerations regarding such symbiotic relationships are raised and discussed. Additional morphometric and meristic data for the fish and the echinoderms are also provided and discussed.
Methods: Echinoderms were collected, from 25 localities along the North Pacific coast of Costa Rica, and were carefully examined searching for commensal/parasitic fishes. Echinoderms and fishes were identified and characterized in accordance with the specialized literature.
Results: A total of 497 echinoderms, including about 60 species, were collected and examined. Commensal/parasitic fish (a single species represented by 13 specimens) were found in three echinoderm specimens/species.
Conclusions: The list of echinoderm hosts for this carapid fish, through its whole distribution range, rises to 12 species (six sea stars and six sea cucumbers) and that could be a consequence of its wide geographic distribution, its generalist feeding habits and opportunistic commensal behavior.
28
Shaala, Lamiaa A., e Diaa T. A. Youssef. "Cytotoxic Psammaplysin Analogues from the Verongid Red Sea Sponge Aplysinella Species". Biomolecules 9, n. 12 (8 dicembre 2019): 841. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom9120841.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
As part of our ongoing interest to identify bioactive chemical entities from marine invertebrates, the Red Sea specimen of the Verongid sponge Aplysinella species was studied. Repeated chromatographic fractionation of the methanolic extract of the sponge and HPLC purification of the cytotoxic fractions led to the isolation and the identification of two new compounds, psammaplysin Z and 19-hydroxypsammaplysin Z (1 and 2), together with the previously reported psammaplysins A (3) and E (4). The structural determination of 1–4 was supported by interpretation of their NMR and high-resolution mass spectra. Psammaplysins A and E displayed cytotoxic activity against MBA-MB-231 and HeLa cell lines with IC50 values down to 0.29 µM. On the other hand, psammaplysin Z and 19-hydroxypsammaplysin Z were moderately cytotoxic, indicating the importance of the terminal amine and 2-(methylene)cyclopent-4-ene-1,3-dione moieties in 3 and 4 for potent cytotoxic activity.
29
EL LAKHRACH, H., A. HATTOUR, O. JARBOUI, K. ELHASNI e A. A. RAMOS-ESPLA. "Spatial distribution and abundance of the megabenthic fauna community in Gabes gulf (Tunisia, eastern Mediterranean Sea)". Mediterranean Marine Science 13, n. 1 (28 febbraio 2012): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.19.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The aim of this paper is to bring to light the knowledge of marine diversity of invertebrates in Gabes gulf. The spatial distribution of the megabenthic fauna community in Gabes gulf (Tunisia, Eastern Mediterranean Sea), together with the bottom type and vegetation cover, were studied. The abundance of the megabenthic fauna was represented by eight groups: Echinodermata (38%), Crustacea (21%), Tunicata (19%), Mollusca (13%), Porifera (4%), Cnidaria (3%), Bryozoa, and Annelida (2%). It was spatially more concentrated in the coast area of the gulf than in the offshore waters. This area, especially, in Southern Kerkennah, North-est of Gabes and North-east of Djerba appeared to be in a good ecological condition hosting a variety of species like the paguridsPaguristes eremita and Pagurus cuanensis, the brachyura Medorippe lanata, Inachus doresttensis, the Gastropoda Hexaplex trunculus, Bolinus brandaris, Aporrhais pespelecani, andErosaria turdus, the Bivalvia Fulvia fragilis, the Echinoidea Psammechinus microtuberculatus, Holothuria polii,Ophiothrix fragilis and Antedon mediterranea, and the AscidiaceaAplidium cf. conicum, Didemnum spp, and Microcosmus exasperatus.The species’ compositions of the megabentic fauna community showed clearly that the spatial analysis represented the differences between the community of these two regions (inshore waters and offshore waters). These differences were closely related to peculiar characters of the fauna and biotopes (depth, bottom type and vegetation cover community). The results of the present study should be considered as a necessary starting point for a further analysis of priceless benthic fauna contribution to the marine environment and its organisms.
30
Kijewska, Agnieszka, Artur Burzyński e Roman Wenne. "Molecular identification of European flounder (Platichthys flesus) and its hybrids with European plaice (Pleuronectes platessa)". ICES Journal of Marine Science 66, n. 5 (23 aprile 2009): 902–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsp110.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractKijewska, A., Burzyński, A., and Wenne, R. 2009. Molecular identification of European flounder (Platichthys flesus) and its hybrids with European plaice (Pleuronectes platessa). – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 902–906. European flounder (Platichthys flesus) and plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) are commercially important marine fish species inhabiting the continental shelf waters of Europe. Morphological similarity between the two makes it difficult to identify their hybrids, so species misclassification can generate errors in defining stocks in terms of their conservation and management. Flounder and plaice populations from the North Sea and the Baltic Sea were studied. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was used to confirm the morphological species identification. The set of molecular markers, two mitochondrial (cytochrome b and D-loop) and two nuclear (the ribosomal marker ITS and parathyroid hormone-related protein gene), was constructed to identify the two flatfish species and their hybrids. “Pure” flounder (P. flesus) were observed in the Bay of Gdańsk, Baltic Sea, and off the coast of Denmark in the North Sea. The fishing area near Bornholm in the Baltic is rich in P. flesus × P. platessa hybrids. The length difference of the amplified D-loop fragment was used for species identification. The characteristics of heteroplasmy in the control region (D-loop) can be useful as a population marker in the European flounder. Our studies demonstrate the utility of mtDNA polymorphism combined with nuclear molecular markers for correct identification of the morphologically similar and hybridized European flounder and plaice.
31
Ventura, Inês, Victoria Harman, Robert J. Beynon e Romana Santos. "Glycoproteins Involved in Sea Urchin Temporary Adhesion". Marine Drugs 21, n. 3 (24 febbraio 2023): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md21030145.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Biomedical adhesives, despite having been used increasingly in recent years, still face a major technological challenge: strong adhesion in wet environments. In this context, biological adhesives secreted by marine invertebrates have appealing characteristics to incorporate into new underwater biomimetic adhesives: water resistance, nontoxicity and biodegradability. Little is still known about temporary adhesion. Recently, a transcriptomic differential analysis of sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus tube feet pinpointed 16 adhesive/cohesive protein candidates. In addition, it has been demonstrated that the adhesive secreted by this species is composed of high molecular weight proteins associated with N-Acetylglucosamine in a specific chitobiose arrangement. As a follow-up, we aimed to investigate which of these adhesive/cohesive protein candidates were glycosylated through lectin pulldowns, protein identification by mass spectroscopy and in silico characterization. We demonstrate that at least five of the previously identified protein adhesive/cohesive candidates are glycoproteins. We also report the involvement of a third Nectin variant, the first adhesion-related protein to be identified in P. lividus. By providing a deeper characterization of these adhesive/cohesive glycoproteins, this work advances our understanding of the key features that should be replicated in future sea urchin-inspired bioadhesives.
32
Marina, Pablo, José L. Rueda, Javier Urra, Carmen Salas, Serge Gofas, J. Enrique García Raso, Francina Moya et al. "Sublittoral soft bottom assemblages within a Marine Protected Area of the northern Alboran Sea". Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 95, n. 5 (11 febbraio 2015): 871–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315414002082.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The composition and structure of sublittoral faunal assemblages inhabiting soft bottoms (15–72 m depth) within the Marine Protected Area ‘Acantilados y Fondos Marinos de Calahonda-Castell de Ferro’ in southern Spain (North Alboran Sea, Mediterranean) have been studied in relation to sediment and water column variables. Three assemblages were identified and corresponded to mixed bottom, unstable bottom and coastal detritic bottom assemblages, based on Pérès & Picard's (1964) benthic classification. A total of 14,318 individuals were collected and 218 species identified, molluscs being the best represented group (141 species). Species richness displayed significant differences with depth and transect, with the highest values observed in the medium to very fine sand and muddy bottoms with bioclasts located at the shallowest sampling stations. The presence of some rare and poorly known invertebrates that are scarce in other areas of the Mediterranean Sea is remarkable, such as the crustacean decapods Bythocaris cosmetops and Pagurus mbizi, Atlantic species with no records in the Mediterranean Sea, and the bathyal molluscs Poromya granulata and Alvania testae, collected at shallow depths. The spatial distribution of faunal assemblages was mainly related to depth and percentage of gravel and clay according to the canonical correspondence analysis. The geographic location of the area, the heterogeneity of soft bottoms and the presence of upwellings in the area may favour the high biodiversity found in the studied soft bottoms. This study increases the scarce knowledge of the circalittoral fauna of sedimentary habitats of the Alboran Sea, providing a baseline for the management of this interesting SCI and for the EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive.
33
DENIS, JEREMY, RYM BOUAZIZ, BRAHIM DRAREDJA, JEAN MARIE MUNARON, ABDELLAH BORHANE DJEBAR, RACHID AMARA, FRANÇOIS LE LOC’H e FRIDA BEN RAIS LASRAM. "Fish food-web structure of a southern Mediterranean lagoon (El Mellah Lagoon, Algeria): what we can learn from stable isotope analysis". Mediterranean Marine Science 24, n. 2 (12 maggio 2023): 211–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.30180.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The structure of a fish food-web was described for the first time in a coastal lagoon in the southern Mediterranean Sea by analysing stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes of fish species and their potential food sources. The El Mellah Lagoon (EML) located in extreme north-eastern Algeria, is the only coastal lagoon in the southern Mediterranean with low human pressure due to few human activities and its protected status under the Ramsar Convention. We investigated the structure of the fish food-web in the spring at four stations in the lagoon that differed in their proximity to rivers and the channel, which connects to the sea. The results provided insight into ecological functions of EML as a feeding area for all fish species caught in the lagoon, in particular marine migrant juveniles and resident species. The δ13C results highlighted the importance of marine organic matter on the functioning of the EML fish food-web, to which organic matter in marine sediments and likely microphytobenthos contribute most. Our study also revealed the importance of seagrass (Ruppia sp.) for detritivorous fish (i.e., Mugilidae species) and for their potential to shelter a wide variety of benthic invertebrates that are potential food sources for benthivorous fish. Our study revealed the small influence of freshwater inputs on the functioning of the EML food-web and that juvenile marine fish may use the lagoon for reasons other than feeding, most likely to avoid predation and obtain physiological advantages.
34
Musayeva, Zh K., E. K. Musayev, S. E. Koibakova e S. Syrlybekkyzy. "USE OF MODERN METHODS OF IDENTIFICATION OF HYDROCARBON CONTAINING MICROORGANISMS ISOLATED FROM THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT OF THE CASPIAN SEA". REPORTS 6, n. 334 (15 dicembre 2020): 96–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2020.2518-1483.141.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Currently, the problem of the negative impact of petroleum hydrocarbons in the Caspian Sea has become catastrophic. Intensive pollution of marine waters by oil and oil products, from production, transportation and storage of hydrocarbons leads to the oppression of the sea ecosystem. Mechanical and physico-chemical methods for cleaning the marine environment are characterized by low efficiency, secondary pollution and high cost. The most promising is the use of microbiological methods for cleaning waters from oil pollution. In the article presents the results of the identification of reactive oxidizing bacteria isolated from the marine environment of the Caspian Sea, for further use in new biopreparation from oil pollutions. From the sea water in bulk berths Aktau sea port and the port of Bautino (North Caspian) allocated 27 hydrocarbon isolates of microorganisms having the ability to oil degradation of these strains selected the 4 most active cultures, which were identified as Bacillus cereus (2 strains), strain Bacillus sr.13 and Acinetobacter sr.10. Article is written by results of the scientific project of grant financing of Committee of Science of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan "Activization of the self-clearing ability of sea water of the Caspian Sea from oil products". Article is issued thanks to the international project Tempus of IV IEMAST of "Establishing Modern Master-level Studies in Industrial Ecology".
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Masduqi, Ahmad Fuad, Yuvianto Dwi Franyoto, Lia Kusmita, Sakti Muchlisin, Prasetyo Abi Widyananto, Sulistyani Sulistyani e Diah Permata Wijayanti. "Activity Antioxidant on Pigments of Bacterial Symbionts of Soft Coral From Jepara Sea". Indonesian Journal of Natural Pigments 2, n. 02 (31 agosto 2020): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.33479/ijnp.2020.02.02.43.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Soft corals have been known to produce secondary metabolites, some of which may have anticancer, antifouling, antibacterial and antioxidants activity. It has been suggested that natural products from marine invertebrates have striking similarities to metabolites of their association microorganisms. Symbiont bacteria on soft coral can produce bioactive compounds that play an important role in chemical ecology and as a marine natural product. Marine bacteria associated with soft coral collected from Jepara were successfully isolated on medium ZoBell 2216E and screened to synthesize the pigment. This approach has allowed the use of this organism as an environmentally friendly alternative source of new natural pigment. This study found 25 bacterial isolates from 6 types of soft coral. Out of 25 bacterial isolates, only 3 bacterium, positively contains pigments. Four isolates, PCl 1, PS2 1, and PSa 2. Pigments analysis with UV spectrophotometric method showed the wavelength of pigments were in the range 300-600 nm. Genomic DNA was isolated from these colonies and nested PCR of the DNA was performed to amplify the 16S rDNA. Antioxidant activity was tested with the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. From the results of molecular identification by 16S rDNA method, it was shown that bacterium PCl 1, PS2 1, and PSa 2 was closely related to Pseudomonas stutzeri, Ponticoccus gilvus, Bacillus marisflavi with 99%, 99and 98% homology value. Antioxidant activity is as follows: PCl 1>PS2 1>PSA 2.
36
Abdillah, Taufik, Christian Novia N. Handayani e Dirga Daniel. "SPATIAL ANALYSIS IDENTIFICATION OF IDEAL AREAS CONSERVATION LOCATION IN TUAL CITY, MALUKU PROVINCE". Coastal and Ocean Journal (COJ) 1, n. 2 (21 novembre 2017): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/coj.1.2.127-134.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Tual City is the one of eleven districts / cities in Maluku Province. The city includes an archipelago town, has 66 islands divided into 3 island clusters, covering the cluster of Kur islands, Tayando Tam and Dullah. The sea area reaches 19,088 Km2, while the land area is 254.39 km2. The size of the sea in this area indicates the high utilization potential of both fisheries and tourism sector. Based on these, needed resources management the coastal and marine resources effectively, one of them by developing conservation area in coastal area and small islands. Tual City took the initiative to allocate part of its area to be reserved as a marine conservation area. The target of the formation of urban water conservation area Tual is the protection of important marine habitats consisting of coral reefs, seagrass and mangrove, sea turtle nesting beaches and connectivity larvae. This study was conducted to obtain potential locations of marine conservation areas that have high conservation value. Analysis of spatial data using Marxan analysis. This analysis was chosen because it provides the best solution for determining locations that have high conservation value. The results of the study indicate that the area of selected high frequency locations is 125,000 hectares, while 40,000 hectares and 64,000 hectares low. Selected high-frequency locations are in the cluster of Kur islands, Tayando Tam and in the waters north of Mas Island and Bair. Based on this study, the cluster of Kur and Tayando Tam islands become the recommended sites requiring the management of marine conservation areas as they are representative of all conservation targets.
Keywords
Marine Protected Area, Marxan, and Tual City
37
Chaplygin, V. A., T. S. Ershova e V. F. Zaitsev. "Transference of metals in the soil‐food chain system: of Caspian Sea sturgeons". South of Russia: ecology, development 14, n. 3 (10 ottobre 2019): 138–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2019-3-138-143.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Aim. Identification of metal transference characteristics in components of the ecosystem of the north‐western part of the Caspian Sea. Material and Methods. Sampling was carried out according to generally accepted methods and the determination of heavy metals was carried out by atomic absorption spectroscopy using an atomic absorption spectrometer with electro‐thermal atomization MGA‐915 MD. Results. In studying the migration of trace elements in the trophic chains of the Caspian Sea sturgeon species it was found that: (a) chromium, manganese and iron do not accumulate along the trophic chain researched; (b) accumulation of lead and cobalt above the trophic level occupied by benthic invertebrates did not occur; (c) cadmium, nickel and copper were accumulated primarily by benthic organisms, while cadmium and nickel accumulated in the kidneys of Russian and Persian sturgeons and copper accumulated in the liver of both species (d) bioaccumulation of zinc occurs sequentially in the links: soil‐water‐benthic invertebrates‐benthophage fish (in Russian and Persian sturgeons in their kidneys, liver and muscles) and (e) mercury migrates along the links of the food chain, accumulation coefficients increasing progressively in the system: soil‐Didacna mollusc‐benthophage fish (in Russian and Persian sturgeons in their kidneys, liver and muscles). Conclusion. The accumulation of heavy metals from water amongst aquatic organisms depends on the properties of the metal, its involvement in biochemical processes, species, biological status and the nature of abiotic living conditions.
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Rueda, José L., Ana Mena-Torres, Marina Gallardo-Núñez, Emilio González-García, Alejandro Martín-Arjona, Javier Valenzuela, Cristina García-Ruiz et al. "Spatial Distribution and Potential Impact of Drifted Thalli of the Invasive Alga Rugulopteryx okamurae in Circalittoral and Bathyal Habitats of the Northern Strait of Gibraltar and the Alboran Sea". Diversity 15, n. 12 (7 dicembre 2023): 1206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d15121206.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The arrival of a new invasive alga, Rugulopteryx okamurae, in the Strait of Gibraltar (SoG) in 2015 marked an unprecedented milestone in the North African and, later, in the European marine ecosystems. Nowadays, it is colonising vast infralittoral areas and significantly modifying some habitats and associated communities of the southern Iberian Peninsula. In recent expeditions, a high amount of free drifted thalli of this alga has been detected in different circalittoral and bathyal habitats of the northern SoG and the Alboran Sea. The present study combines quantitative data of this alga obtained with the use of a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) and a bottom otter trawl. The coverage–entanglement level of the drifted thalli on circalittoral and bathyal benthic invertebrates (e.g., not covering, covering only the basal part, covering one-third of the invertebrate, etc.) was also annotated from picture frames taken in locations with abundant drifted thalli. In underwater images, drifted thalli were mainly detected in circalittoral and bathyal bottoms of the northern SoG and the north-western Alboran Sea, between 50 to ca. 450 m depth. Nevertheless, abundant drifted thalli were also detected in bottom otter trawl samples from circalittoral bottoms of the north-central and north-eastern Alboran Sea. Small benthic organisms (e.g., encrusting sponges, hydrozoans, etc.) generally displayed low coverage–entanglement levels of drifted thalli. Nevertheless, large sessile and colonial benthic organisms with a complex three-dimensional morphology (e.g., gorgonians, colonial scleractinians) reached high levels of R. okamurae thalli entangled in different parts of their colonies. The drifted R. okamurae thalli entangled in these colonial suspension feeding organisms may hinder their feeding capability in the long term, resulting in habitat deterioration in the near future.
39
Chernova, Natalia V. "Amphiboreality and Distribution of Snailfishes (Cottiformes: Liparidae) in the Arctic and the North Atlantic". Diversity 14, n. 12 (11 dicembre 2022): 1097. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14121097.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The marine ichthyofauna of the Arctic Ocean has an ancestral origin from the Pacific Ocean and, to a lesser extent, from the Atlantic Ocean, which is explained by the amphiboreal concept, developed on groups of fish and invertebrates. Snailfishes (Liparidae) of the Arctic and the North Atlantic are analyzed in the context of this amphiboreal concept. The review is based on the data of many years of research on their taxonomy using various material of morphological differences/similarities of the taxa and patterns of species distribution against the background of biogeographic representations. For the Arctic area, 33 species of the family are known: Liparis (5), Careproctus (21), Paraliparis (2), Rhodichthys (2), and Psednos (3). For the Atlantic fauna, with the same number of species, their composition differs: Liparis (6), Careproctus (3), Paraliparis (12), Psednos (11), and Eutelichthys (1). The amphiboreal concept explains the speciation of Liparis and the majority of Careproctus as the result of trans-Arctic preglacial migrations. For other (deep-sea) species, the hypothesis of a transoceanic dispersal route is applicable; it passed from the North Pacific through the Southern Ocean and then north across the Atlantic.
40
Wibowo, Joko T., Matthias Y. Kellermann, Dennis Versluis, Masteria Y. Putra, Tutik Murniasih, Kathrin I. Mohr, Joachim Wink et al. "Biotechnological Potential of Bacteria Isolated from the Sea Cucumber Holothuria leucospilota and Stichopus vastus from Lampung, Indonesia". Marine Drugs 17, n. 11 (8 novembre 2019): 635. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md17110635.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In order to minimize re-discovery of already known anti-infective compounds, we focused our screening approach on understudied, almost untapped marine environments including marine invertebrates and their associated bacteria. Therefore, two sea cucumber species, Holothuria leucospilota and Stichopus vastus, were collected from Lampung (Indonesia), and 127 bacterial strains were identified by partial 16S rRNA-gene sequencing analysis and compared with the NCBI database. In addition, the overall bacterial diversity from tissue samples of the sea cucumbers H. leucospilota and S. vastus was analyzed using the cultivation-independent Illumina MiSEQ analysis. Selected bacterial isolates were grown to high densities and the extracted biomass was tested against a selection of bacteria and fungi as well as the hepatitis C virus (HCV). Identification of putative bioactive bacterial-derived compounds were performed by analyzing the accurate mass of the precursor/parent ions (MS1) as well as product/daughter ions (MS2) using high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) analysis of all active fractions. With this attempt we were able to identify 23 putatively known and two previously unidentified precursor ions. Moreover, through 16S rRNA-gene sequencing we were able to identify putatively novel bacterial species from the phyla Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria and also Firmicutes. Our findings suggest that sea cucumbers like H. leucospilota and S. vastus are promising sources for the isolation of novel bacterial species that produce compounds with potentially high biotechnological potential.
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Hiddink, Jan Geert, Adriaan D. Rijnsdorp e Gerjan Piet. "Can bottom trawling disturbance increase food production for a commercial fish species?" Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 65, n. 7 (luglio 2008): 1393–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f08-064.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Fishery closures and marine protected areas are increasingly being used as tools to achieve sustainable fisheries. The “plaice box”, a gear restriction area in the North Sea that was established to reduce the bycatch of undersized plaice ( Pleuronectes platessa ), is considered ineffective because there has been a shift in the distribution of juvenile plaice to the waters that remained open to bottom trawlers. Here we examine the hypothesis that bottom trawling benefits the small benthic invertebrates that form the food source for plaice and that the plaice box had a negative impact on food production for plaice. A size-based model of benthic communities indicates that the production of prey was low without trawling and maximal in areas that are trawled once to twice a year. Therefore, bottom disturbance may improve the feeding conditions for species that feed on small invertebrates. As plaice aggregate at the locations with the highest benthic biomass, this may explain the observed redistribution to areas outside the plaice box. We conclude that the plaice box may not have been the most appropriate measure to protect plaice from discarding and that the species’ ecology should be considered when choosing the most appropriate management measure to achieve an objective.
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Gilbey, John, Jamie Coughlan, Vidar Wennevik, Paulo Prodöhl, Jamie R. Stevens, Carlos Garcia de Leaniz, Dennis Ensing et al. "A microsatellite baseline for genetic stock identification of European Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)". ICES Journal of Marine Science 75, n. 2 (23 settembre 2017): 662–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsx184.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) populations from different river origins mix in the North Atlantic during the marine life stage. To facilitate marine stock identification, we developed a genetic baseline covering the European component of the species’ range excluding the Baltic Sea, from the Russian River Megra in the north-east, the Icelandic Ellidaar in the west, and the Spanish Ulla in the south, spanning 3737 km North to South and 2717 km East to West. The baseline encompasses data for 14 microsatellites for 26 822 individual fish from 13 countries, 282 rivers, and 467 sampling sites. A hierarchy of regional genetic assignment units was defined using a combination of distance-based and Bayesian clustering. At the top level, three assignment units were identified comprising northern, southern, and Icelandic regions. A second assignment level was also defined, comprising eighteen and twenty-nine regional units for accurate individual assignment and mixed stock estimates respectively. The baseline provides the most comprehensive geographical coverage for an Atlantic salmon genetic data-set, and a unique resource for the conservation and management of the species in Europe. It is freely available to researchers to facilitate identification of the natal origin of European salmon.
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Nash, Richard D. M., Peter J. Wright, Iveta Matejusova, Stefan Petev Dimitrov, Martha O'Sullivan, Julian Augley e Hannes Höffle. "Spawning location of Norway pout (Trisopterus esmarkii Nilsson) in the North Sea". ICES Journal of Marine Science 69, n. 8 (1 settembre 2012): 1338–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fss130.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Nash, R. D. M., Wright, P. J., Matejusova, I., Dimitrov, S. P., O'Sullivan, M., Augley, J., and Höffle, H. 2012. Spawning location of Norway pout (Trisopterus esmarkii Nilsson) in the North Sea. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: . The northern region of the North Sea (56–62°N) was sampled in February/March 2009 for eggs and in May 2010 for larvae. To aid in the identification of Norway pout stage I eggs and distinguish them from other ‘cod-like’ eggs, a Taq-Man probe was designed for this species and used here. Stage I Norway pout egg diameters collected from the field were in the range 1.03–1.28 mm and largely overlapped with the size range determined for whiting (Merlangius merlangus). The distribution of Norway pout stage I eggs in 2009 revealed the distribution of spawning in the North Sea and showed that it was similar to the distribution of 2 + Norway pout taken during the International Bottom Trawl Surveys (IBTS) over the same period covering the whole North Sea. The larvae sampled in 2010 were largely in the same area; however, larger larvae occurred to the south-east of the survey area, suggesting advection of young stages from the principal spawning areas in the north-western North Sea to the south-east and toward the Skagerrak.
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Benkens, Andreas, Claudia Buchholz, Bernadette Pogoda e Carsten Georg Harms. "Direct multiplex PCR-NALFIA to inform marine conservation: Use of an innovative diagnostic tool for the detection of Ostrea edulis larvae". Aquatic Living Resources 34 (2021): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/alr/2021023.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The European oyster Ostrea edulis played a key role in the North Sea by providing several ecosystem functions and services. Today, O. edulis is classified as severely degraded or functionally extinct in Europe. Marine conservation is focusing on biogenic reef restoration, namely the restoration of O. edulis in Natura 2000 sites of the North Sea. The identification of oyster larvae related to natural spatfalls of restored reefs and monitoring of larval drift is a key aspect of marine protected area management. Morphological identification and distinction from other abundant bivalve larvae using microscopy is difficult. Existing molecular biological methods are expensive and bound to stationary laboratory equipment, or are inadequate in the visualization. In this study, we identified nucleic acid lateral flow immunoassay (NALFIA), a well-established tool in human pathogen diagnostics, as an efficient approach for point-of-care (POC) testing in marine monitoring. Based on the genetic sequence of the mitochondrial cytochrome b of O. edulis, forward and reverse primers were developed. The reverse primer was labelled with fluorescent dye FITC, forward primer with biotin. Reaction on the lateral flow stripe could be realized with a single O. edulis larva in direct PCR with multiplex primers in a portable PCR-cycler. The established NALFIA system can distinguish O. edulis larvae from Crassostrea gigas and Mytilus edulis larvae, respectively. This method offers new approaches in POC testing in marine research and monitoring. It gives quick and clear results, is inexpensive, and could be easily adapted to other species of interest.
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Copmans, Daniëlle, Sara Kildgaard, Silas A. Rasmussen, Monika Ślęzak, Nina Dirkx, Michèle Partoens, Camila V. Esguerra, Alexander D. Crawford, Thomas O. Larsen e Peter A. M. de Witte. "Zebrafish-Based Discovery of Antiseizure Compounds from the North Sea: Isoquinoline Alkaloids TMC-120A and TMC-120B". Marine Drugs 17, n. 11 (25 ottobre 2019): 607. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md17110607.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
There is a high need for the development of new and improved antiseizure drugs (ASDs) to treat epilepsy. Despite the potential of marine natural products (MNPs), the EU marine biodiscovery consortium PharmaSea has made the only effort to date to perform ASD discovery based on large-scale screening of MNPs. To this end, the embryonic zebrafish photomotor response assay and the larval zebrafish pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) model were used to screen MNP extracts for neuroactivity and antiseizure activity, respectively. Here we report the identification of the two known isoquinoline alkaloids TMC-120A and TMC-120B as novel antiseizure compounds, which were isolated by bioactivity-guided purification from the marine-derived fungus Aspergillus insuetus. TMC-120A and TMC-120B were observed to significantly lower PTZ-induced seizures and epileptiform brain activity in the larval zebrafish PTZ seizure model. In addition, their structural analogues TMC-120C, penicisochroman G, and ustusorane B were isolated and also significantly lowered PTZ-induced seizures. Finally, TMC-120A and TMC-120B were investigated in a mouse model of drug-resistant focal seizures. Compound treatment significantly shortened the seizure duration, thereby confirming their antiseizure activity. These data underscore the possibility to translate findings in zebrafish to mice in the field of epilepsy and the potential of the marine environment for ASD discovery.
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Petrescu, Iorgu, e Ana–Maria Petrescu. "Invertebrate Collection Donated by Professor Dr. Ion Cantacuzino to “Grigore Antipa” National Museum of Natural History from Bucharest". Travaux du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle “Grigore Antipa” 59, n. 1 (1 giugno 2016): 7–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/travmu-2016-0013.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractThe catalogue of the invertebrate collection donated by Prof. Dr. Ion Cantacuzino represents the first detailed description of this historical act. The early years of Prof. Dr. Ion Cantacuzino’s career are dedicated to natural sciences, collecting and drawing of marine invertebrates followed by experimental studies. The present paper represents gathered data from Grigore Antipa 1931 inventory, also from the original handwritten labels. The specimens were classified by current nomenclature. The present donation comprises 70 species of Protozoa, Porifera, Coelenterata, Mollusca, Annelida, Bryozoa, Sipuncula, Arthropoda, Chaetognatha, Echinodermata, Tunicata and Chordata.. The specimens were collected from the North West of the Mediterranean Sea (Villefranche–sur–Mer) and in 1899 were donated to the Museum of Natural History from Bucharest. The original catalogue of the donation was lost and along other 27 specimens. This contribution represents an homage to Professor’s Dr. Cantacuzino generosity and withal restoring this donation to its proper position on cultural heritage hallway.
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Int-Veen, Ivo, Pedro Nogueira, Jason Isigkeit, Reinhold Hanel e Ulrike Kammann. "Positively buoyant but sinking: Polymer identification and composition of marine litter at the seafloor of the North Sea and Baltic Sea". Marine Pollution Bulletin 172 (novembre 2021): 112876. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112876.
Testo completo
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Afargan-Gerstman, Hilla, Iuliia Polkova, Lukas Papritz, Paolo Ruggieri, Martin P. King, Panos J. Athanasiadis, Johanna Baehr e Daniela I. V. Domeisen. "Stratospheric influence on North Atlantic marine cold air outbreaks following sudden stratospheric warming events". Weather and Climate Dynamics 1, n. 2 (17 ottobre 2020): 541–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/wcd-1-541-2020.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract. Marine cold air outbreaks (MCAOs) in the northeastern North Atlantic occur due to the advection of extremely cold air over an ice-free ocean. MCAOs are associated with a range of severe weather phenomena, such as polar lows, strong surface winds and intense cooling of the ocean surface. Given these extreme impacts, the identification of precursors of MCAOs is crucial for improved long-range prediction of associated impacts on Arctic infrastructure and human lives. MCAO frequency has been linked to the strength of the stratospheric polar vortex, but the study of connections to the occurrence of extreme stratospheric events, known as sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs), has been limited to cold extremes over land. Here, the influence of SSW events on MCAOs over the North Atlantic ocean is studied using reanalysis datasets. Overall, SSW events are found to be associated with more frequent MCAOs in the Barents Sea and the Norwegian Sea compared to climatology and less frequent MCAOs in the Labrador Sea. In particular, SSW events project onto an anomalous dipole pattern of geopotential height 500 hPa, which consists of a ridge anomaly over Greenland and a trough anomaly over Scandinavia. By affecting the variability of the large-scale circulation patterns in the North Atlantic, SSW events contribute to the strong northerly flow over the Barents and Norwegian seas and thereby increase the likelihood of MCAOs in these regions. In contrast, the positive geopotential height anomaly over Greenland reduces the probability of MCAOs in the Labrador Sea after SSW events. As SSW events tend to have a long-term influence on surface weather, these results are expected to benefit the predictability of MCAOs in the Nordic Seas for winters with SSW events.
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Rizzo, Angela, Vittoria Vandelli, George Buhagiar, Anton S. Micallef e Mauro Soldati. "Coastal Vulnerability Assessment along the North-Eastern Sector of Gozo Island (Malta, Mediterranean Sea)". Water 12, n. 5 (15 maggio 2020): 1405. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12051405.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The coastal landscape of the Maltese Islands is the result of long-term evolution, influenced by tectonics, geomorphological processes, and sea level oscillations. Due to their geological setting, the islands are particularly prone to marine-related and gravity-induced processes, exacerbated by climate change. This study aligns different concepts into a relatively concise and expedient methodology for overall coastal vulnerability assessment, taking the NE sector of Gozo Island as a test case. Geomorphological investigation, integrated with analysis of marine geophysical data, enabled characterization of coastal dynamics, identifying this stretch of coast as being potentially hazardous. The study area features a high economic value derived from tourist and mining activities and natural protected areas, that altogether not only make coastal vulnerability a major concern but also the task of assessing it complex. Before introducing the methodology proposed for overall vulnerability assessment, an in-depth revision of the vulnerability concept is provided. The evaluation was carried out by using a set of key indicators related to local land use, anthropic and natural assets, economic activities, and social issues. Results show that the most critical areas are located east of Marsalforn including Ramla Bay, an important tourist attraction hosting the largest sandy beach in Gozo. The method combines physical exposure and social vulnerability into an overall index. It proves to be cost effective in data management and processing and is suitable for the identification and assessment of overall vulnerability of coastal areas to consequences of climate- and marine-related processes, such as coastal erosion, landslides and sea level rise.
50
Morick, Danny, Yuval Maron, Nadav Davidovich, Ziv Zemah-Shamir, Yaarit Nachum-Biala, Peleg Itay, Natascha Wosnick, Dan Tchernov e Shimon Harrus. "Molecular Identification of Photobacterium damselae in Wild Marine Fish from the Eastern Mediterranean Sea". Fishes 8, n. 2 (18 gennaio 2023): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fishes8020060.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Infectious diseases caused by marine bacterial pathogens inflict increasing economic losses to fisheries and aquaculture, while also posing a growing risk to public health and affected species conservation. In this study, four wild marine fish species were collected at five fishing sites in Israel, divided into two regions—north (Acre, Haifa, Shefayim) and center-south (Tel-Aviv and Ashdod), and screened for Photobacterium damselae. An initial screening was carried out using PCR analysis with specifically designed primers on DNA extracted from livers and kidneys. P. damselae-positive samples had their 16S rRNA amplicons sequenced. Later, an attempt to specify relevant sub-species was performed, using a three-layered gene screen: Car, ureC and toxR. Of 334 fish samples, 47 (14%) were found to be P. damselae-positive, of which 20 were identified as P. damselae subsp. piscicida (Phdp), two as P. damselae subsp. damselae (Phdd) and 25 could not be identified to subspecies. Our results strengthen the view that fish residing in a polluted environment are receptive of pathogenic microorganisms. To assess how the presence of pathogens may affect population management and conservation, this research should be followed by studies aimed at: (i) quantifying levels of pollutants that may affect pathogen emergence, and (ii) creating a standard pollution-level index as a basis for setting criteria, above which authorities should take measures of precaution.