Tesi sul tema "Manipulations d'image"
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Bousseau, Adrien. "Manipulations d'image expressives pour une variété de représentations visuelles". Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE10163.
Testo completoVisual communication greatly benefits from the large variety of appearances that an image can take. By neglecting spurious details, simplified images focus the attention of an observer on the essential message to transmit. Stylized images, that depart from reality, can suggest subjective or imaginary information. More subtle variations, such as change of lighting in a photograph can also have a dramatic effect on the interpretation of the transmitted message. The goal of this thesis is to allow users to manipulate visual content and create images that corresponds to their communication intent. We propose a number of manipulations that modify, simplify or stylize images in order to improve their expressive power. We first present two methods to remove details in photographs and videos. The resulting simplification enhances the relevant structures of an image. We then introduce a novel vector primitive, called Diffusion Curves, that facilitates the creation of smooth color gradients and blur in vector graphics. The images created with diffusion curves contain complex image features that are hard to obtain with existing vector primitives. In the second part of this manuscript we propose two algorithms for the creation of stylized animations from 3D scenes and videos. The two methods produce animations with the 2D appearance of traditional media such as watercolor. Finally, we describe an approach to decompose the illumination and reflectance components of a photograph. We make this ill-posed problem tractable by propagating sparse user indications. This decomposition allows users to modify lighting or material in the depicted scene. The various image manipulations proposed in this dissertation facilitates the creation of a variety of visual representations, as illustrated by our results
Bousseau, Adrien. "Manipulations d'image expressives pour une variété de représentations visuelles". Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00429151.
Testo completoAbecidan, Rony. "Stratégies d'apprentissage robustes pour la détection de manipulation d'images". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Centrale Lille Institut, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024CLIL0025.
Testo completoToday, it is easier than ever to manipulate images for unethical purposes. This practice is therefore increasingly prevalent in social networks and advertising. Malicious users can for instance generate convincing deep fakes in a few seconds to lure a naive public. Alternatively, they can also communicate secretly hidding illegal information into images. Such abilities raise significant security concerns regarding misinformation and clandestine communications. The Forensics community thus actively collaborates with Law Enforcement Agencies worldwide to detect image manipulations. The most effective methodologies for image forensics rely heavily on convolutional neural networks meticulously trained on controlled databases. These databases are actually curated by researchers to serve specific purposes, resulting in a great disparity from the real-world datasets encountered by forensic practitioners. This data shift addresses a clear challenge for practitioners, hindering the effectiveness of standardized forensics models when applied in practical situations.Through this thesis, we aim to improve the efficiency of forensics models in practical settings, designing strategies to mitigate the impact of data shift. It starts by exploring literature on out-of-distribution generalization to find existing strategies already helping practitioners to make efficient forensic detectors in practice. Two main frameworks notably hold promise: the implementation of models inherently able to learn how to generalize on images coming from a new database, or the construction of a representative training base allowing forensics models to generalize effectively on scrutinized images. Both frameworks are covered in this manuscript. When faced with many unlabeled images to examine, domain adaptation strategies matching training and testing bases in latent spaces are designed to mitigate data shifts encountered by practitioners. Unfortunately, these strategies often fail in practice despite their theoretical efficiency, because they assume that scrutinized images are balanced, an assumption unrealistic for forensic analysts, as suspects might be for instance entirely innocent. Additionally, such strategies are tested typically assuming that an appropriate training set has been chosen from the beginning, to facilitate adaptation on the new distribution. Trying to generalize on a few images is more realistic but much more difficult by essence. We precisely deal with this scenario in the second part of this thesis, gaining a deeper understanding of data shifts in digital image forensics. Exploring the influence of traditional processing operations on the statistical properties of developed images, we formulate several strategies to select or create training databases relevant for a small amount of images under scrutiny. Our final contribution is a framework leveraging statistical properties of images to build relevant training sets for any testing set in image manipulation detection. This approach improves by far the generalization of classical steganalysis detectors on practical sets encountered by forensic analyst and can be extended to other forensic contexts
Sanchez, Santana Maria Aydée. "Ontologie pour la traçabilité des manipulations d'images médicales". Thesis, Besançon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BESA2060/document.
Testo completoIn medicine, physicians (general practitioner or specialist) realize a diagnosis to determine patients’disease and propose an adapted treatment. This diagnosis is based on research of causes (pathologies)and effects (symptoms) of affection. Today, to realize an effective medical diagnosis, it isimportant to realize a multidisciplinary analysis at a data level. But it is also important to make worktogether experts from different domains. A problem can happen if these experts do not work in thesame place. Thus, how is it possible to ease the way to collaborate together?With evolutions of communication technologies and more particularly Internet, it is easier to developremote collaborative applications. One of the fields covered by theses applications is telemedicineand telediagnosis. Thus, a remote panel of experts can meet together virtually through a virtual roomto ease diagnosis collaboration and co-production. Despite everything, forensic aspects slowed downdevelopment of remote practices due to privacy and personal information sharing.In this context, we developed a platform called COOVADIS (COllabOrative VAscular DIagnoSis) thatenables traceability in such applications based on three original ontologies (pathologies ontology,diagnosis ontology and traceability ontology). This framework was implemented in SaaS (Softwareas a Service) as a web server, to support the collaborative work between health professionals. It wasalso validated from a theoretical and clinical point of view
BADAOUI, SAID. "Base d'images medicales, le modele de donnees, l'interface de manipulation". Paris 11, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA112220.
Testo completoHuang, Yun-Gao. "Modélisation et manipulation des surfaces triangulées". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990INPL082N.
Testo completoWalck, Guillaume. "Reconstruction 3D automatique d'objets inconnus en vue d'actions de saisie et manipulation". Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066251.
Testo completoJacquot, Michel. "Manipulation d'images binaires à l'aide du codage interpixel : application à la reconnaissance de formules chimiques". Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20027.
Testo completoAloumba, Alexandre. "Approche interculturelle et développement de la résolution des problèmes de manipulation concrète d'objets ou d'images d'objets chez l'enfant". Paris 5, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA05H130.
Testo completoThis research concerns problem solving about manipulation of real objects and images in congolese and french children. It aims at analysing and comparing the solving behaviours, taking in consideration the experimental situation, the type of problem, the ethnic groups, the school level. The pilot experiment concerns 252 subjects. Six problems are presented individually. For all inter ethnic comparisons between children attending school, the school level is the same in french and congolese groups. The findings confirm the hypothesis. In the spontaneous solving situation, more systematic solving behaviors are observed in french subjects than in congolese subjects. No significiant differences for the systematicity of behaviours are observed between 4-5 years-old congolese attending school and those not attending school. In the tutored solving situation, systematic solving behaviours are more frequent than in spontaneous solving situation, as well in french children as in congolese children. Nevertheless improvement in tutored solving is greater for congolese children than for french children and it is greater for congolese attending school than for those not attending school. In both ethnic groups and in both experimental situations, age and school influence solving behavior
Orzan, Alexandrina. "Images basées sur les contours : représentation, création et manipulation". Grenoble INPG, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPG0179.
Testo completoThis thesis proposes a novel image primitive—the diffusion curve. This primitive relies on the principle that images can be defined via their discontinuities, and concentrates image features along contours. The diffusion curve can be defined in vector graphics, as well as in raster graphics, to increase user control during the process of art creation. The vectorial diffusion curve primitive augments the expressive powers of vector images by capturing complex spatial appearance behaviours. Diffusion curves represent a simple and easy to manipulate support for complex content representation and edition. In raster images, diffusion curves define a higher level structural organization of the pixel image. This structure is used to create simplified or exaggerated representations of photographs in a way consistent with the original image content. Finally, a fully automatic vectorization method is presented, that converts raster diffusion curve to vector diffusion curve
Cabral, Marcio. "Remodelage et Re-eclairage Pour La Création et Manipulation de Contenu Interactif". Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01062521.
Testo completoDupuy, Guilhem. "Construction et manipulation de maillages - Application aux géosciences". Phd thesis, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00646256.
Testo completoDuque, Hector. "Conception et mise en oeuvre d'un environnement logiciel de manipulation et d'accès à des données réparties : application aux grilles d'images médicales : le système DSEM / DM2". Lyon, INSA, 2005. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2005ISAL0050/these.pdf.
Testo completoOur vision, in this thesis, is the one of a bio-medical grip as a partner of hospital's information systems, sharing computing resources as well as a platform for sharing information. Therefore, we aim at (i) providing transparent access to huge distributed medical data sets, (ii) querying these data by their content, and (iii), sharing computing resources within the grip. Assuming the existence of a grip infrastructure, we suggest a multi-layered architecture (Distributed Systems Engines – DSE). This architecture allows us to design High Performance Distributed Systems which are highly extensible, scalable and open. It ensures the connection between the grip, data storing systems, and medical platforms. The conceptual design of the architecture assumes a horizontal definition for each one of the layers, and is based on a multi-process structure. This structure enables the exchange of messages between processes by using the Message Passing Paradigm. These processes and messages allow one to define entities of a higher level of semantic significance, which we call Drivers and, which instead of single messages, deal with different kinds of transactions: queries, tasks and requests. Thus, we define different kinds of drivers for dealing with each kind of transaction, and in a higher level, we define services as an aggregation of drivers. The architectural framework of drivers and services eases the design of components of a Distributed System (DS), which we call engines, and also eases the extensibility and scalability of DS
Chapoulie, Emmanuelle. "Gestes et manipulation directe pour la réalité virtuelle immersive". Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01070736.
Testo completoZubiaga, Pena Carlos Jorge. "Real-time 2D manipulation of plausible 3D appearance using shading and geometry buffers". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0178/document.
Testo completoTraditional artists paint directly on a canvas and create plausible appearances of real-world scenes. In contrast, Computer Graphics artists define objects on a virtual scene (3D meshes, materials and light sources), and use complex algorithms (rendering) to reproduce their appearance. On the one hand, painting techniques permit to freely define appearance. On the other hand, rendering techniques permit to modify separately and dynamically the different elements that compose the scene. In this thesis we present a middle-ground approach to manipulate appearance. We offer 3D-like manipulation abilities while working on the 2D space. We first study the impact on shading of materials as band-pass filters of lighting. We present a small set of local statistical relationships between material/lighting and shading. These relationships are used to mimic modifications on material or lighting from an artist-created image of a sphere. Techniques known as LitSpheres/MatCaps use these kinds of images to transfer their appearance to arbitrary-shaped objects. Our technique proves the possibility to mimic 3D-like modifications of light and material from an input artwork in 2D. We present a different technique to modify the third element involved on the visual appearance of an object: its geometry. In this case we use as input rendered images alongside with 3D information of the scene output in so-called auxiliary buffers. We are able to recover geometry-independent shading for each object surface, assuming no spatial variations for each recovered surface. The recovered shading can be used to modify arbitrarily the local shape of the object interactively without the need to re-render the scene
Maddah, Mohammad Reza. "3D visualization and interactive image manipulation for surgical planning in robot-assisted surgery". Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018IMTA0079/document.
Testo completoRobot-assisted surgery, or “robotic”surgery, has been developed to address thedifficulties with the traditional laparoscopicsurgery. The da Vinci (Intuitive Surgical, CA andUSA) is one of the FDA-approved surgical robotic system which is widely used in the case of abdominal surgeries like hysterectomy and cholecystectomy. The technology includes a system of master and slave tele-manipulators that enhances manipulation precision. However, inadequate guidelines and lack of a human machine interface system for planning the ports on the abdomen surface are some of the main issues with robotic surgery. Unreachable target and mid-surgery collisions between robotic arms are the major problems that surgeons complain about in robotic surgery. The objective of this research is to design a new decision-support tool for planning port placement in robotic surgery. The decision support system will be able to determine the optimal location of the entrance ports on the abdomen surface that is specific to the patient
Gofas, Salas Elena. "Manipulation of the illumination of an Adaptive Optics Flood Illumination Ophthalmoscope for functional imaging of the retina in-vivo High loop rate adaptive optics flood illumination ophthalmoscope with structured illumination capability In vivo near-infrared autofluorescence imaging of retinal pigment epithelial cells with 757 nm excitation". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS195.
Testo completoAs the only transparent optical window of our body, the eye gives a unique access to the observation of neural and vascular networks. Today however, a new era is opening up for high-resolution imaging, which should no longer be limited to giving access to tissue structures, but may also tackle their functions. In fact, biomarkers for the functioning of the whole human body can be found in retinal imaging. Neurodegenerative diseases (Parkinson's, Alzheimer's) or arterial hypertension could thus be diagnosed early by high precision imaging of the retina. In my thesis work, I intended to show how the full-field ophthalmoscope, associated to imaging modalities adjusting geometrical settings of the illumination, could contribute to research on the retina. To achieve this ambitious goal, we modified the full-field ophthalmoscope built at the National Hospital Center of Quinze-Vingts with a specific image processing and two new instruments inspired by full-field microscopy. We have integrated these instruments into the illumination path of the ophthalmoscope to manipulate the geometry of the retinal illumination. These new implementations allow us to make use of more advanced imaging techniques, such as dark field imaging or noninvasive near infrared angiography. These imaging modalities have been exploited to image the retina functionally. We focused mainly on the light coupling function of photoreceptors and on blood perfusion
Montanvert, Annick. "Contribution au traitement de formes discrètes : squelettes et codage par graphe de la ligne médiane". Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 1987. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00325209.
Testo completoSoler, Cyril. "Modèles et analyses pour l'image de synthèse". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01016474.
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