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Sherrill, Claudine, e Wanda Rainbolt. "Self-Actualization Profiles of Male Able-Bodied and Elite Cerebral Palsied Athletes". Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 5, n. 2 (aprile 1988): 108–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/apaq.5.2.108.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Self-actualization profiles were plotted for 265 college-age able-bodied male athletes and 30 elite cerebral palsied male athletes, M age = 24.9, all of whom were international competitors. These profiles were examined in relation to one another and in relation to two normative groups, one consisting of adults and one consisting of college students. Results indicated that college-age able-bodied male athletes and elite cerebral palsied male athletes have similar self-actualization profiles. Elite cerebral palsied male athletes were found to be significantly less self-actualized than normal adults in the areas of time competence, existentiality, self-acceptance, nature of man, and synergy (Shostrom, 1964). Able-bodied college-age male athletes were generally more self-actualized than members of their age-appropriate reference group (i.e., male college students). Implications for sport psychology and counseling are discussed.
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Storch, Eric A., Andrea R. Kolsky, Susan M. Silvestri e Jason B. Storch. "Religiosity of Elite College Athletes". Sport Psychologist 15, n. 3 (settembre 2001): 346–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/tsp.15.3.346.
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This study was a pilot examination of the religiousness of student athletes as compared to nonathletes. Participants were 248 undergraduate students (84 athletes) at the University of Florida who were enrolled in randomly chosen courses within the Department of Counselor Education. To assess the organizational, nonorganizational, and intrinsic dimensions of religion, the Duke Religion Index was used. Findings indicate that male and female athletes reported higher degrees of organizational, nonorganizational, and intrinsic religiousness than male nonathletes. Implications of these Findings on future research and applied sport practice are discussed.
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LaFountaine, Janna. "Student Athlete Wellness: Gender Perspectives". Journal of Coaching Education 2, n. 2 (gennaio 2009): 24–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jce.2.2.24.
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A study of wellness aspects among college student athletes at a mid-sized, church-related, undergraduate, liberal arts college in the upper Midwest was conducted during the 2006-2007 school year. The students were asked by their coaches and team leaders to complete the Wellness Evaluation of Lifestyle tool online. The study sample consisted of 273 college athletes, of which 131 were female and 142 were male. Female college athletes had the highest scores in the following areas: exercise, friendship, and love. The lowest areas were: spirituality, stress Management, nutrition and total wellness. The female athletes scored lower in 14 out of the 20 wellness behavior categories than the male athletes. In the areas of sense of worth, leisure and stress management, female athletes scored significantly lower than the male athletes. Male athletes scored the highest in the areas of exercise, sense of worth and friendship. Male athletes recorded their lowest scores in spirituality, nutrition, work and total wellness. The implications of this study for athletic programs indicate a need to address the specific needs of female athletes compared to male athletes, particularly tactics for dealing with stress, building self-esteem and the use of leisure activities.
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Carter, Jennifer E., e Nancy A. Rudd. "Disordered Eating Assessment for College Student-Athletes". Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal 14, n. 1 (aprile 2005): 62–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/wspaj.14.1.62.
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Sports have received widespread attention for the risk of disordered eating, but prevalence rates among athletes have varied from one to 62 percent across studies (Beals, 2004). One explanation for this discrepancy has been the tendency for previous studies to select “at-risk” sports for examination. The current study extends prior inquiry by expanding the sample to the entire student-athlete group at Ohio State University. Approximately 800 varsity student-athletes at this large Division I university completed the Questionnaire for Eating Disorder Diagnosis (Q-EDD; Mintz, O’Halloran, Mulholland, & Schneider, 1997) in 2001 and 2002, allowing gender and type of sport comparisons. The purposes of the study were to identify at-risk athletes as part of a screening process designed for eating disorder prevention, and to continue to refine the assessment of disordered eating in athletes. Not surprisingly, results showed that subclinical eating problems were more prevalent than clinical eating disorders in athletes, with 19 percent of female athletes and 12 percent of male athletes reporting eating disorder symptoms in year one, and 17 percent of female athletes and nine percent of male athletes in year two. Because the Q-EDD does not fully capture male body image problems, in 2002 questions were added to the Q-EDD that assessed preoccupation with muscularity, and preliminary Endings showed that one percent of male athletes fit a diagnosis of Muscle Dysmorphia. For both years, athletes from lean sports reported significantly more eating disorder symptoms than did athletes from nonlean sports. Specific policies employed by this university and prevention strategies will be discussed.
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Sailes, Gary A. "An Investigation of Campus Stereotypes: The Myth of Black Athletic Superiority and the Dumb Jock Stereotype". Sociology of Sport Journal 10, n. 1 (marzo 1993): 88–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.10.1.88.
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This investigation examined the beliefs of college students regarding specific stereotypes about African American athletes and about college student-athletes. Beliefs about intelligence, academic integrity, and academic competitiveness among male college student-athletes, as well as assumptions about intelligence, academic preparation, style of play, competitiveness, physical superiority, athletic ability, and mental temperament in African American athletes, were investigated. A fixed alternative questionnaire was administered to 869 graduate and undergraduate students. The findings indicate that white and male students believe that athletes are not as intelligent as the typical college student and that they take easy courses to maintain their eligibility and that African American athletes are not academically prepared to attend college, are not as intelligent and do not receive as high grades as white athletes, and are generally temperamental. African American and female students believe that African American athletes are more competitive and have a different playing style than white athletes.
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Butts, Frank B. "Problematic Drinking among College Athletes". Journal of Coaching Education 2, n. 1 (ottobre 2009): 4–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jce.2.1.4.
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Martens, O’Connor, & Beck (2006) reported problematic drinking on college campuses to be a considerable concern and that athletes have more binge drinking episodes and alcohol-related problems than non-athlete students. Wechsler, Davenport, Dowdall, Grossman, & Zanakos (1997) reported that athletes in NCAA Division I have the most alcohol related issues as evidenced by 29% of male and 24% of female athletes reported binge drinking three or more times in a two week period. To address this concern, this study incorporated a 12-month, NCAA (2008) Choices alcohol responsibility program at a NCAA II university which involved peer mentoring, education, and alcohol-free activities. The results indicated a significant decline in binge drinking and associated problems among athletes after treatment.
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Hart, Joe, Damien Clement, Jordan Hamson-Utley, Monna Arvinen-Barrow, Cindra Kamphoff, Rebecca A. Zakrajsek e Scott B. Martin. "College Athletes’ Expectations About Injury Rehabilitation With an Athletic Trainer". International Journal of Athletic Therapy and Training 17, n. 4 (luglio 2012): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijatt.17.4.18.
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Context:Injured athletes begin the rehabilitation process with expectations about the nature of the working relationship with an athletic trainer. These expectations can infuence the effectiveness of the assistance provided.Objective:To determine whether male and female athletes differed in terms of expectations about injury rehabilitation services with an athletic trainer.Design:A questionnaire was administered to student athletes that assessed expectations about injury rehabilitation. Setting: Five colleges and universities.Patients or Other Participants:Questionnaire responses were provided by 679 student athletes (443 males and 236 females).Main Outcome Measure:Responses to the Expectations about Athletic Training questionnaire were used to assess factors identifed as Personal Commitment, Facilitative Conditions, Athletic Trainer Expertise, and Realism.Results:A statistically signifcant interaction between gender and prior experience was identifed. Male athletes with no prior experience had lower expectations for a facilitative environment. Female athletes with prior experience were less likely to have realistic expectations.Conclusions:Gender and prior experience infuence athletes’ expectations of injury rehabilitation with an athletic trainer.
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Bailey, Eric, e Rhema Fuller. "Artifacts and the Academic Motivation of African American Male Athletes". Journal of Higher Education Athletics & Innovation, n. 5 (4 luglio 2019): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.15763/issn.2376-5267.2018.1.5.1-14.
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This study sought to examine to examine the academic motivations of African American male college athletes at a historically Black college and university (HBCU). Self-determination theory (SDT) was incorporated as the theoretical framework. Data were collected via artifacts from seven African American male college athletes at a HBCU in the mid-southern region of the United States. Explanation of the artifacts by the participants revealed that they were motivated by their family, their faith, and their resiliency. Findings, and their implications for research and practice, are discussed and presented.
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Brooks, Dana D., Edward F. Etzel e Andrew C. Ostrow. "Job Responsibilities and Backgrounds of NCAA Division I Athletic Advisors and Counselors". Sport Psychologist 1, n. 3 (settembre 1987): 200–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/tsp.1.3.200.
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A national survey of the job responsibilities and educational backgrounds of athletic advisors and counselors representing NCAA Division I institutions was conducted. Of the 274 counselors contacted, 134 returned completed questionnaires, representing a 49% return rate. Results of the survey indicated that the majority of advisors and counselors were male, held a master’s degree, and were former athletes in revenue-producing sports. They were employed primarily by athletic departments and provided counseling services, for the most part, to male college athletes involved in revenue-producing sports. Counseling services for college athletes focused primarily on academic matters, with considerably less attention devoted to personal-social or vocational counseling. The implications of these findings toward the provision of future counseling services for college athletes are discussed.
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Brede, Richard M., e Henry J. Camp. "The Education of College Student-Athletes". Sociology of Sport Journal 4, n. 3 (settembre 1987): 245–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.4.3.245.
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Educational performances of various types of male student-athletes participating in football and basketball at an NCAA Division I school are compared for each enrollment period during one academic year. These comparisons indicate three basic patterns of educational performance, patterns that involve the differential use among these student-athlete types of extra semesters as well as letter grade and credit hour changes in order to meet eligibility requirements. Meeting eligibility requirements is a year-round struggle for one fourth of the student-athletes studied. We conclude with some suggestions for additional research on student-athlete education.
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Rainey, David W., e Herb Cunningham. "Competitive Trait Anxiety in Male and Female College Athletes". Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport 59, n. 3 (settembre 1988): 244–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02701367.1988.10605511.
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Tyrance, Shaun C., Henry L. Harris e Phyllis Post. "Predicting Positive Career Planning Attitudes Among NCAA Division I College Student-Athletes". Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology 7, n. 1 (marzo 2013): 22–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jcsp.7.1.22.
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This study examined the relationship between athletic identity, race, gender, sport, and expectation to play professionally and career planning attitudes (career optimism, career adaptability, and career knowledge) among NCAA Division I college student-athletes. Participants of this study consisted of 538 Division I student-athletes from four Bowl Championship Series institutions. Results of this study found that Division I student-athletes with higher athletic identities had lower levels of career optimism; Division I student-athletes who participated in revenue-producing sports had lower levels of career optimism; and student-athletes with a higher expectation to play professional sports were more likely to be optimistic regarding their future career and displayed higher athletic identities. Statistically significant findings indicated the following gender differences: male Division I student-athletes believed they had a better understanding of the job market and employment trends; males had more career optimism; and females had higher levels of athletic identity than their male counterparts. Implications for counseling student-athletes are addressed.
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Garner, Justin R., e John N. Singer. "Exploring the Notion of Individual Social Responsibility (ISR) among Black Male College Football Athletes". JCSCORE 3, n. 2 (2 gennaio 2019): 97–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.15763/issn.2642-2387.2017.3.2.97-122.
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Black male athletes are prominent figures in sport and society; and, as such, they are often subjected to the pressure of acting in a socially responsible manner. Given the predominance of Black males in American college athletics, it is important to examine their roles in society both on and off the field of play. Building upon of Agyemang and Singer’s (2013) study on the individual social responsibility (ISR) of Black male professional athletes, the purpose of this study was to explore the concept of ISR among Black male college athletes. In this study, we engaged in semi-structured interviews with Black male football athletes in efforts to garner a baseline understanding of how they perceive their social responsibility as notable members of society. Initial findings suggest notions of being a role model, engaging in ethical behavior, and overcoming marginalization, mainly in regard to issues of race. Implications for future research are discussed.
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Curry, Timothy Jon. "Beyond the Locker Room: Campus Bars and College Athletes". Sociology of Sport Journal 15, n. 3 (settembre 1998): 205–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.15.3.205.
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This paper extends the research conducted on male bonding in locker rooms to another well-known but under-researched site, the campus bar. Through a life history of a former athlete, we learn about the connection between what is said in the locker room and behavior outside. We also gain insight into the role campus bars play in facilitating aggression and sexual misconduct by male athletes.
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Bartlett, Michelle L., Mitch Abrams, Megan Byrd, Arial S. Treankler e Richard Houston-Norton. "Advancing the Assessment of Anger in Sports: Gender Differences and STAXI-2 Normative Data for College Athletes". Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology 12, n. 2 (1 giugno 2018): 114–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jcsp.2016-0026.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The State Trait Anger Expression Inventory-2 (STAXI-2) is one of the most widely used anger assessments in the clinical psychology literature. It describes multiple facets of anger including: state/trait anger levels, experience of anger, anger expression, and anger control. Prior to this study, normative data was lacking for college athletes. Without normative data established, it was difficult to accurately compare the scores of college athletes to a relevant comparison group, and thus, difficult to effectively assess athletes presenting with anger issues. This study provides normative data for college athletes (N = 534), as well as an examination of anger differences between gender and compared with a “non-specfic adult” population. Male college athletes scores indicated higher anger levels on several scales, demonstrating scores indicative of being more likely to express anger and less likely to manage feeling angry and expressing anger than both the normal population and female college athletes.
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Irfandi, Irfandi, Zikrur Rahmat, Munzir Munzir, Didi Yudha Pranata, Tuti Sarwita, Novia Rozailini e Salbani Salbani. "ANALYSIS OF THE PHYSICAL CONDITION SURVEY OF PRINTING ATHLETES SILAT AGE 14-17 PERGURUAN TUNAS NUSANTARA ALL OF ACEH". Jurnal Ilmiah Teunuleh 4, n. 1 (26 marzo 2023): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.51612/teunuleh.v4i1.129.
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This research study aims to analyze the physical condition of the athletes aged 14-17 at the Tunas Nusantara College in Aceh Province. The method used is descriptive analysis of the research sample totaling 15 athletes, 9 male athletes and 6 female athletes. The instruments and data collection techniques used tests and measurements, namely in the form of a physical condition test using a 30 meter sprint, a balke test, depending on body lift (pull-up), depending on the woman's bending elbow, sit-ups and shuttle run tests. The results obtained: for the 30 meter sprit, the average classification of men was 3.87 (very good category) and women 4.59 (good category), male average classification test 56.86 (good category) female 59.14 (good category), pull up calcification male average 9 (poor category), female bending elbow 21.0 (moderate category), male average classification sit-up 44 (very good category) female 37.2 (very good category), shuttle run test average male classification 13 (good category) female 12.72 (good). The average classification of the physical condition ability of pencak silat athletes aged 14-17 years of Tunas Nusantara college in Aceh Province is in good category.
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Fagenbaum, Ray, e Warren G. Darling. "Jump Landing Strategies in Male and Female College Athletes and the Implications of Such Strategies for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury". American Journal of Sports Medicine 31, n. 2 (marzo 2003): 233–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03635465030310021301.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background: Female athletes are more likely than male athletes to injure the anterior cruciate ligament. Causes of this increased injury incidence in female athletes remain unclear, despite numerous investigations. Hypothesis: Female athletes will exhibit lower hamstring muscle activation and smaller knee flexion angles than male athletes during jump landings, especially when the knee muscles are fatigued. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Eight female and six male varsity college basketball athletes with no history of knee ligament injury performed jump landings on the dominant leg from a maximum height jump and from 25.4 cm and 50.8 cm high platforms under nonfatigued and fatigued conditions. Knee joint angle and surface electromyographic signals from the quadriceps, hamstring, and gastrocnemius muscles were recorded. Results: Women landed with greater knee flexion angles and greater knee flexion accelerations than men. Knee muscle activation patterns were generally similar in men and women. Conclusion: As compared with male college basketball players, female college basketball players did not exhibit altered knee muscle coordination characteristics that would predispose them to anterior cruciate ligament injury when landing from jumps. This conclusion is made within the parameters of this study and based on the observation that hamstring muscle activation was similar for both groups. The greater knee flexion we observed in the female subjects would be expected to decrease their risk of injury. Clinical Relevance: Factors other than those evaluated in this study need to be considered when attempting to determine the reasons underlying the increased incidence of anterior cruciate ligament injuries consistently observed in elite female athletes.
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Curry, Timothy Jon. "The Effects of Receiving a College Letter on the Sport Identity". Sociology of Sport Journal 10, n. 1 (marzo 1993): 73–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.10.1.73.
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This study examines the effects of winning a college letter on the sport identity of athletes participating at different levels of competition. The sample consisted of 276 male and 229 female athletes drawn from similar teams from three colleges in Ohio. The colleges were affiliated with the NCAA Divisions I and III and the NAIA. It was hypothesized that winning a letter would strengthen the sport identity, and that athletes participating at the higher level of competition would have the greater sport identity. Results confirmed both hypotheses. In addition, the sport identities of male and female athletes were compared. Importantly, no significant gender differences were found in the rating of sport importance, hours spent in sport, and the social relations obtained through sport. Men, however, showed greater competitive motivation and women greater identification with the role of athlete.
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He, Yulin. "CORE STRENGTH TRAINING ON PHYSICAL CONDITIONING OF COLLEGE MALE SOCCER PLAYERS". Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte 28, n. 5 (ottobre 2022): 501–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1517-8692202228052022_0063.
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ABSTRACT Introduction: The concept of CORE emerged in mechanical-neurological studies of rehabilitation in the 80s, referring to the central muscles of the human trunk, including the lumbar-pelvis-abdominal-perineal-hip complex responsible for the body orthostatic stability and support. Strengthening the CORE has received increasing attention from sports medicine specialists after the 2000s, and strength training is the subject of recent research in competitive sports. However, there is still a lack of conceptual studies of protocols for training focused on soccer athletes. Objective: Verify a CORE strength training protocol based on the analysis of the CORE training concept, its main functions, and introductory practical examples. Methods: Literature data collection, experimental and statistical-mathematical methods, and theoretical analysis about CORE training focused on explosive strength performance in soccer players are used. The developed protocol experiments with 44 athletes, divided into experimental and control groups, by sex. Information is collected on goal shooting, 30-meter pass, balance, stability, and symmetry. Results: The group experienced better results in both sexes(P<0.05). Conclusion: The explosion strength indicators of the players were significantly improved. Whether male or female athletes, the higher the skill level, the stronger the CORE stability in players. Therefore, the CORE stability and strengthening in athletes promote a benefit in the technical level of soccer players. Evidence Level II; Therapeutic Studies - Investigating the result.
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J, Wilson, Morelli N, Han DY e Hoch MC. "A - 30 Executive Function in Division-I Collegiate Athletes and Recreationally Active College Students". Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 36, n. 4 (21 maggio 2021): 670. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acab035.30.
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Abstract Objective High-level cognitive performance is important for navigating the complex environment of sport. The executive function domain may be of particular importance because it focuses on flexible thinking and self-control. It is unclear if high-level athletes exhibit similar executive function compared to recreational athletes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare executive function between male and female Division-I collegiate athletes and recreationally active peers. Methods Thirty-seven Division-I athletes (16 females, 21 males) and 30 recreationally active college students (19 females, 11 males) participated. Participants completed the Flanker Inhibitory Control and Attention Test (FICA) and Dimensional Change Card Sort Test (DCCS) from the National Institute of Health Toolbox Cognitive Battery on a tablet to assess cognitive flexibility and attention and inhibitory control, respectively. Demographically-corrected T-scores were used for analysis. Two-way ANOVAs compared cognitive performance based on group and sex (p ≤ 0.05). Results There was a significant group-by-sex interaction for the FICA (p = 0.005). Female recreational athletes (50.68 ± 10.18) demonstrated higher FICA scores compared to female Division-I athletes (40.88 ± 7.35; p = 0.003, ES = 1.06). Male Division-I athletes (48.67 ± 10.39) also exhibited greater scores compared to female Division-I athletes (p = 0.015, ES = 0.83). There was no significant group-by-sex interaction (p = 0.84), group effect (p = 0.35), or sex effect (p = 0.43) for the DCCS. Conclusions Female Division-I athletes demonstrated poorer performance on the FICA compared to male Division-I athletes and recreational female athletes which may indicate a decreased ability to suppress motor responses caused by internal or external distractions. The significance of these findings for mitigating injury risk and improving athletic performance should be explored.
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Singer, John N. "African American Male College Athletes’ Narratives on Education and Racism". Urban Education 51, n. 9 (5 ottobre 2016): 1065–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042085916669749.
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McCutcheon, Tonna, Gina Schaar, Alan Herline e Rachel Hayes. "HPV awareness and vaccination rates in college-aged male athletes". Nurse Practitioner 42, n. 11 (novembre 2017): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.npr.0000525718.17158.9e.
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Mc Leod, Bill. "Sex, Structured Sport Activity, and Measurement of Field Dependence". Perceptual and Motor Skills 64, n. 2 (aprile 1987): 452–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1987.64.2.452.
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120 male and 120 female athletes, who were aged 13 to 22 yr., from Junior and Senior High School and College varsity sports, and 60 male and 60 female nonathletes of like age, were tested on Oltman's portable rod-and-frame apparatus to assess field dependence. Analysis indicated that the boys were more field-independent than the girls. Female athletes were more field-independent than male nonathletes.
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Vermillion, Mark. "College Choice Factors Influencing Community College Softball Players". Journal of Coaching Education 3, n. 1 (aprile 2010): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jce.3.1.1.
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A large amount of research and scholarship has focused on the college and university choice factors of potential student-athletes. The aforementioned research, however, is disproportionately conducted using male or large revenue-generating sport participants. Kankey and Quarterman (2007) addressed these biases by developing a questionnaire and conducting research centered on Division I softball players in Ohio regarding the factors that influenced their college or university choice. Additionally, Kankey and Quarterman advocated more research utilizing different athlete populations to further analyze college and university choice factors among student athletes. As a result, the purpose of this research is to apply Kankey and Quarterman’s (2007) questionnaire to community college softball players in an attempt to determine: What factors are important to community college softball players when deciding to attend their present school? Statistical analyses indicate the most important choice factor to be head coach. Other important factors include personal relationships, financially-based reasons, and academics. The least important factors included media related issues, school infrastructure, and past coaches. Hossler and Gallagher’s (1987) student choice model is combined with Symbolic Interactionism to explain results, and provides recommendations for college sport practitioners.
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Dos’Santos, Thomas, Christopher Thomas, Paul A. Jones e Paul Comfort. "Assessing Muscle-Strength Asymmetry via a Unilateral-Stance Isometric Midthigh Pull". International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 12, n. 4 (aprile 2017): 505–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2016-0179.
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Purpose:To investigate the within-session reliability of bilateral- and unilateral-stance isometric midthigh-pull (IMTP) force–time characteristics including peak force (PF), relative PF, and impulse at time bands (0–100, 0–200, 0–250, and 0–300 milliseconds) and to compare isometric force–time characteristics between right and left and dominant (D) and nondominant (ND) limbs.Methods:Professional male rugby league and multisport male college athletes (N = 54; age, 23.4 ± 4.2 y; height, 1.80 ± 0.05 m; mass, 88.9 ± 12.9 kg) performed 3 bilateral IMTP trials and 6 unilateral-stance IMTP trials (3 per leg) on a force plate sampling at 600 Hz.Results:Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and coefficients of variation (CVs) demonstrated high within-session reliability for bilateral and unilateral IMTP PF (ICC = .94, CV = 4.7–5.5%). Lower reliability measures and greater variability were observed for bilateral and unilateral IMTP impulse at time bands (ICC = .81–.88, CV = 7.7–11.8%). Paired-sample t tests and Cohen d effect sizes revealed no significant differences for all isometric force–time characteristics between right and left limbs in male college athletes (P >.05, d ≤ 0.32) and professional rugby league players (P > .05, d ≤ 0.11); however, significant differences were found between D and ND limbs in male college athletes (P < .001, d = 0.43–0.91) and professional rugby league players (P < .001, d = 0.27–0.46).Conclusion:This study demonstrated high within-session reliability for unilateral-stance IMTP PF, revealing significant differences in isometric force–time characteristics between D and ND limbs in male athletes.
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Sherrill, Claudine, Tamara Gilstrap, Kenneth Richir, Barbara Gench e Marilyn Hinson. "Use of the Personal Orientation Inventory with Disabled Athletes". Perceptual and Motor Skills 67, n. 1 (agosto 1988): 263–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1988.67.1.263.
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Athletes who are blind or have impairments in hand-eye coordination that prevent writing are unable to complete psychological inventories in the standardized manner, i.e., read silently and answered independently and anonymously. Two studies were conducted on the oral administration of the Personal Orientation Inventory as a measure of self-actualization of disabled athletes. Reliabilities were examined across modalities (oral vs written) by administering the inventory both ways to 25 high school and college athletes, M age = 21.6 yr. Test-retest reliability for oral administration was affirmed in a study of 15 blind elite male athletes and 15 cerebral palsied elite male and female athletes. It was concluded that the inventory, administered orally, may be appropriately used with disabled athletes.
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Buckman, Jennifer F., David A. Yusko, Helene R. White e Robert J. Pandina. "Risk Profile of Male College Athletes Who Use Performance-Enhancing Substances". Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs 70, n. 6 (novembre 2009): 919–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15288/jsad.2009.70.919.
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LaBrie, Joseph W., Joel R. Grossbard e Justin F. Hummer. "Normative Misperceptions and Marijuana Use Among Male and Female College Athletes". Journal of Applied Sport Psychology 21, sup1 (12 maggio 2009): S77—S85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10413200802582839.
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Raudenbush, Bryan, e Brian Meyer. "Muscular Dissatisfaction and Supplement Use among Male Intercollegiate Athletes". Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 25, n. 2 (giugno 2003): 161–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsep.25.2.161.
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Body image satisfaction was measured among college male athletes participating in track/cross-country, soccer, basketball, swimming, and lacrosse through the use of figure drawings varying in level of muscularity. All the athletes chose significantly different figure drawings to best represent their actual physique, ideal physique, and the physique they believed was most attractive to the opposite sex. For each sport, athletes’ actual physique was less muscular than both their ideal physique and the one they thought was attractive to the opposite sex. Soccer and lacrosse players chose an ideal physique larger than the one they thought was attractive to the opposite sex, while swimmers chose an ideal physique smaller than the one they thought was attractive to the opposite sex. Lacrosse players wanted to gain the most muscle. Those athletes who used muscle mass/weight-gain supplements spent more time per week in weight training and viewed their actual physique as larger than did athletes who did not use weight-gain supplements. The present results further reveal the desire of athletes to gain muscle, possibly to the extent of abusing weight-gain supplements and thus providing the foundation for faulty body image or dysfunctional eating.
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Bibi, Saima, Iffat Bibi e Sadia Mahreen. "Understanding Stress and Coping Strategies among Students of Government Colleges of Bhakkar District". Sports Sciences and Physical Education Review 1, n. 1 (15 dicembre 2022): XII—XXV. http://dx.doi.org/10.52633/ssper.v1i1.8.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The present study was conducted to evaluate the stress levels in the lives of college students and their coping styles regarding their stress management. Furthermore, the study examined the gender differences in perspective of stress and coping styles among college students of the Bhakkar District. A sample of n=760 based on the ratio of each college was selected and participated in the study. However, after eliminating invalid and spoilt questionnaires, the researchers entrained 670 questionnaires for analysis. The results of the t-test indicated that the mean score of student athletes and non-athletic students pertaining to stress is not statistically different (p=.21 > .05). In contrast, the analyzed data indicated that the female college students reported higher levels of stress than male college students (p=.003< 0.05). That the college students' athletes reported more overall positive coping strategies than their non-athlete counterparts (P=.002 < .05). The analyzed data have shown that non-athletes reported using emotional and social support for stress management more often than their counterparts' athletes (.004 & .003 < .05). Statistical inferences have shown that females reported using three strategies as positive coping styles for stress, like instrumental social support, emotional support, and religious coping. The male section of the population has reported using it more often than females. The study results have shown a negative relationship between levels of stress and coping mechanisms of perceived stress among students ((P > .135). The study's findings will help contribute to the existing body of literature on stress and coping styles among college students in general, particularly from the perspective of their gender differences.
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Teixidor-Batlle, Clara, Carles Ventura Vall-llovera, Justine J. Reel e Ana Andrés. "Validation of a Spanish-Language Version of the Weight Pressures in Sport Scale for Male Athletes". Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology 14, n. 3 (1 settembre 2020): 221–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jcsp.2018-0089.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The study purpose was to validate the psychometric properties of a Spanish-language version of the weight pressures in sport scale for male athletes. The weight pressures in sport scale for male athletes assesses risk factors associated with sport-specific weight pressures from coaches, peers, and team uniform. The scale was back translated and administered to 407 Spanish male college athletes. The sample was randomly split to perform the exploratory and confirmatory analysis. After item analysis, three items were removed. The exploratory analysis identified two latent constructs (referring to coaches and teammates pressures, and pressures due to uniform), and the confirmatory analysis produced a two-factor model (comparative fit indexSB = .946, Tucker–Lewis indexSB = .925, root mean square of approximationSB = .071, standardized root mean square residualSB = .068). The overall scale showed adequate internal consistency (α = .82) and demonstrated adequate convergent validity with the other questionnaires. The Spanish-language version of the weight pressures in sport scale for male athletes can be used to measure weight-related pressures among male athletes in sport psychology and clinical settings.
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Amorose, Anthony J., e Thelma S. Horn. "Intrinsic Motivation: Relationships with Collegiate Athletes’ Gender, Scholarship Status, and Perceptions of Their Coaches’ Behavior". Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 22, n. 1 (marzo 2000): 63–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsep.22.1.63.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among athletes’ intrinsic motivation (IM), gender, scholarship status, perceptions of the number of their teammates receiving scholarships, and perceptions of their coaches’ behavior. Male and female college athletes (N = 386) from a variety of Division I sports completed a series of paper-and-pencil questionnaires. Multivariate analyses revealed that (a) scholarship athletes reported higher levels of IM than did nonscholarship athletes, (b) male athletes reported higher IM than did female athletes, and (c) perceived coaching behaviors were related to athletes’ IM. Specifically, athletes with higher IM perceived their coaches to exhibit a leadership style that emphasized training and instruction and was high in democratic behavior and low in autocratic behavior. In addition, athletes with higher levels of IM perceived that their coaches provided high frequencies of positive and informationally based feedback and low frequencies of punishment-oriented and ignoring behaviors. Results are discussed in terms of cognitive evaluation theory.
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Petrie, Trent A., Christy Greenleaf, Jennifer E. Carter e Justine J. Reel. "Psychosocial Correlates of Disordered Eating Among Male Collegiate Athletes". Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology 1, n. 4 (dicembre 2007): 340–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jcsp.1.4.340.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Few studies have been conducted examining male athletes and eating disorders, even though the sport environment may increase their risk. Thus, little information exists regarding the relationship of putative risk factors to eating disorders in this group. To address this issue, we examined the relationship of eating disorder classification to the risk factors of body image concerns (including drive for muscularity), negative affect, weight pressures, and disordered eating behaviors. Male college athletes (N= 199) from three different NCAA Division I universities participated. Only two athletes were classified with an eating disorder, though 33 (16.6%) and 164 (82.4%), respectively, were categorized as symptomatic and asymptomatic. Multivariate analyses revealed that eating disorder classification was unrelated to the majority of the risk factors, although the eating disorder group (i.e., clinical and symptomatic) did report greater fear of becoming fat, more weight pressures from TV and from magazines, and higher levels of stress than the asymptomatic athletes. In addition, the eating disorder group had higher scores on the Bulimia Test-Revised (Thelen, Mintz, & Vander Wal, 1996), which validated the Questionnaire for Eating Disorder Diagnosis (Mintz, O’Halloran, Mulholland, & Schneider, 1997) as a measure of eating disorders with male athletes. These findings suggest that variables that have been supported as risk factors among women in general, and female athletes in particular, may not apply as strongly, or at all, to male athletes.
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Kang, Seok, Soonhwan Lee e Seungbum Lee. "Student Athletes’ Sports-Program Viewing: Motives and Preferences". International Journal of Sport Communication 3, n. 3 (settembre 2010): 355–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsc.3.3.355.
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The current study examined student athletes’ motives for viewing sports programs on television and their relationships with various viewing behaviors. Employing uses and gratifications theory and social differentiation theory, the study investigated whether student athletes’ motives for sports-program viewing would predict their preference of program selection and amount of viewing. An on-site survey of 225 Division I athletes from 3 Midwestern universities found that student athletes had entertainment, social-facilitation, and integration motives for sports-program viewing. Ritual use of sports programs (entertainment) was their primary motive, followed by instrumental use (social facilitation and integration). Results showed that student athletes’ main goal of watching sports programs on television was escape from their daily problems. Additional results showed that there was no gender difference in student athletes’ motives and sports-program preferences. Both male and female student athletes preferred male sports such as football and men’s college basketball.
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Redmond, Michelle L., Lynn L. Ridinger e Frederick L. Battenfield. "Website Coverage of NCAA Basketball: Are Women Getting Equal Playing Time?" Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal 18, n. 1 (aprile 2009): 78–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/wspaj.18.1.78.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Opportunities for girls and women to participate in sports have been increasing since the enactment of Title IX; however, the media attention given to female athletes and women’s sports has lagged behind. Media coverage of female athletes has been investigated extensively in newspapers and magazines; however, few studies have examined the attention given to women’s sports on the Internet.This study focused on one sports news website to examine and compared the coverage of female and male athletes and coaches in one specific sport, college basketball. A content analysis was conducted on ESPN.com during the 2007 NCAA Men’s and Women’s Basketball Tournaments. Results showed that women and men do not receive the same attention on the main page; however, equity was evident when the webpage for women’s college basketball was compared to the webpage for men’s college basketball.
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Lewis, Robin J., e George Shepeard. "Inferred Characteristics of Successful Suicides as Function of Gender and Context". Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior 22, n. 2 (giugno 1992): 187–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1943-278x.1992.tb00228.x.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
ABSTRACT: This paper examines college students' attributions about suicide as a function of gender and context (athletic vs. relationship failure). Results indicated that male athletes who suicided were considered more emotionally well‐adjusted compared to males who suicided because of a relationship failure and all females. Male and female athletes who suicided were seen as more competent and less distressed compared to those who suffered a failed relationship. Females were also seen as more distressed compared to males. These results are discussed in terms of a positive bias toward athletes in our society as well as gender stereotypes. Implications of these findings as well as methodological limitations are discussed.
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Evans, Melissa, Robert Weinberg e Allen Jackson. "Psychological Factors Related to Drug Use in College Athletes". Sport Psychologist 6, n. 1 (marzo 1992): 24–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/tsp.6.1.24.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The purpose of the present investigation was to explore the psychological factors associated with drug use in a group of college athletes and to compare athlete drug users to nonusers. A questionnaire was given to male (N=377) and female (N=167) Division I college athletes asking them about their use or nonuse of drugs. Frequency, intensity, and duration of use/nonuse of seven drug categories (alcohol, amphetamines, anabolic steroids, barbiturates, cocaine, hallucinogens, and marijuana) were used to divide subjects into categories of high user and low user/nonuser on each of the drugs. Dependent measures included the Profile of Mood States (POMS), the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Test, and questions assessing the stressors athletes experience in their dual role as student-athletes. A MANOVA was conducted to distinguish significant differences between high and low drug users on the dependent variables. Results indicated that alcohol, the most widely used drug, produced the most significant results. Specifically, discriminant analysis revealed high alcohol users (75th percentile) had significantly higher scores on the POMS anger, fatigue, and vigor subscales than did the low alcohol users (25th percentile). In addition, females in the alcohol low user/nonuser group felt more pressure from coaches to perform well than did females in the high user group; for males, the reverse was true. Future research recommendations include using larger subject pools and athletes of different ages and skill levels.
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Beynnon, Bruce D., Pamela M. Vacek, Darlene Murphy, Denise Alosa e David Paller. "First-Time Inversion Ankle Ligament Trauma". American Journal of Sports Medicine 33, n. 10 (ottobre 2005): 1485–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546505275490.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background Inversion ankle trauma is disabling, yet little is known regarding the incidence rate of first-time ankle sprains and how it is influenced by factors including sex, level of competition, and sport. Hypothesis The incidence rates of first-time ankle ligament sprains are influenced by sex, level of competition (high school vs college), and type of sports participation (basketball, soccer, lacrosse, and field hockey). Study Design Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods Between 1999 and 2003, high school and college athletes were evaluated before participation in their sports. Subjects were included in the study if they had not experienced a prior ankle or lower extremity injury and were then followed during participation in soccer, basketball, lacrosse, or field hockey to document their days of exposure to sport and injuries sustained. The relative risk associated with sex, level of competition, and sport was estimated by Cox regression. Results A total of 901 athletes had 50 680 person-days of exposure to sports, and 43 (4.8%) had an inversion injury that produced an ankle ligament sprain. Overall, the injury incidence rate was 0.85 sprains per 1000 person-days of exposure to sport. There were 0.68 and 0.97 ankle sprains per 1000 person-days of exposure to sport for the men and women, respectively. Although the risk of suffering an ankle sprain was higher for women than for men (relative risk, 1.51), the difference was not statistically significant (P=. 21) and was owing to the increased risk in female basketball athletes compared to male basketball athletes (relative risk, 4.11; P=. 045). Risk of injury was similar for the high school athletes in comparison to the college athletes (relative risk, 1.16). For the men, there was no difference in the risk of suffering an ankle sprain between the sports of basketball, soccer, and lacrosse, whereas for the women, the risk of suffering an ankle sprain was significantly greater during participation in basketball compared to lacrosse. Conclusion In this study of first-time ankle sprains, for most sports, the incidence rate of inversion injury is less than 1 per 1000 days of exposure to sport, a value lower than previously reported. Among female athletes, ankle injury is associated with type of sport. Risk is highest for female basketball athletes, who are at significantly greater risk than male basketball athletes and female lacrosse athletes. The risk of first-time ankle injury is similar for high school and college-level athletes.
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Kim, Ji Yeon, Ji Seon Lee, Seong Suk Cho, Hyon Park e Kyung Won Kim. "Nutrient Intakes of Male College Combat Sport Athletes by Weight Control Status". Korean Journal of Community Nutrition 22, n. 6 (2017): 495. http://dx.doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2017.22.6.495.
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Elamaran, M. "Effect of Fartlek Training on Selected Physiological Parameters among College Male Athletes". International Journal of Physical Education, Fitness and Sports 3, n. 4 (30 dicembre 2014): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/14412.
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Ghena, David, J. L. Mayhew, Amy Kurth e Clinton B. Thompson. "Prediction of Isokinetic Leg Strength From Anthropometric Dimensions in Male College Athletes". Isokinetics and Exercise Science 1, n. 4 (1 ottobre 1991): 187–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ies-1991-1403.
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Cooper, Joseph N., e Jori Hall. "Understanding Black Male Student Athletes’ Experiences at a Historically Black College/University". Journal of Mixed Methods Research 10, n. 1 (20 novembre 2014): 46–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558689814558451.
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Chan, Jimmy J., Kevin K. Chen, Javier Z. Guzman e Ettore Vulcano. "Epidemiology of Operative Foot injuries in College Level Athletes". Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 4, n. 4 (1 ottobre 2019): 2473011419S0013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011419s00135.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Category: Hindfoot, Lesser Toes, Midfoot/Forefoot, Sports, Trauma Introduction/Purpose: Foot injuries represent a broad category of injuries that may have profound implications in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) athletes. Accordingly, a more thorough characterization of these injuries and what predisposes NCAA athletes to them is crucial to their prevention. This study examines the incidence and effect of foot injuries on NCAA athletes and their athletic season. Methods: Foot injuries across 16 sports among men and women during the 2004-05 to 2013-14 academic years were analyzed from the NCAA Injury Surveillance Program (NCAA-ISP). Three common orthopaedic foot injuries were sub-analyzed, including fifth metatarsal injuries (5MT), Lisfranc injuries, and turf toes. Multiple variables were reported including injury rates per 100,000 athlete-exposures (IR), operative rate, annual injury rate trends, re-injury rates, in-season status (pre/in/post-season) at time of injury, and time loss distributions were compiled and calculated. Results: A total of 3718 foot injuries were identified over 10-year period. 4.4% of all injuries were operative. Overall foot injury rate was comparable between male (IR=31.1) and female athletes (IR=32.4); however, the operative injury rate was greater in male compared to female (IR=2.0 vs. 0.6) athletes. The top three operative injuries were 5MT (45.1%), stress fractures (12.2%), and Lisfranc injuries (7.9%). 10.8% of turf toes are re-injury, and average time loss was 7.0 days. 43% of 5MT injuries were operative, and 19.2% were re-injuries. 40.6% of 5MT injuries were season-ending with an average time loss of 36.5 days. 33% of Lisfranc injuries were operative, and 7.5% were re-injuries. 45.9% of Lisfranc injuries were season-ending with an average time loss of 25.9 days. Conclusion: Foot injuries are among the most common form of injuries that occur in NCAA athletics. In addition, these injuries can sometimes lead to significant loss of playing time and may even result in the end of the athlete’s season or career. Certain NCAA sports such as men’s football and basketball may more likely predispose patients to season ending injuries and require operative fixation. Close examination of the kinds of foot injuries and their respective mechanisms may help elucidate trends useful in the development of various prevention strategies.
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Jin, Peng, Zheqi Ji, Tianyi Wang e Xiaomin Zhu. "Association between sports expertise and visual attention in male and female soccer players". PeerJ 11 (19 ottobre 2023): e16286. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.16286.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background Visual attention plays a crucial role in daily living and in sports, affecting an athlete’s performance and thus, potentially, the outcome of a match. However, studies assessing the association between the level of sports expertise and visual attention have yielded mixed results. This study was conducted to examine whether visual attention could be developed with increased sports expertise, and whether visual attention differed between male athletes and female athletes. Methods A total of 128 participants were included in this study: 64 first-level national soccer athletes recruited from college soccer teams (considered elite athletes; 32 men and 32 women with similar soccer performance requirements and training experience), and 64 physical education college students with limited soccer experience (considered novice athletes; 32 men and 32 women with matched soccer experience). To assess visual attention, we used a multiple object tracking (MOT) task with four targets among a total of 10 objects moving at a fixed speed of 10°/s in random directions across a computer monitor screen. Tracking accuracy on the MOT task was calculated for each participant as the proportion of correctly selected targets. A univariate analysis of variance was performed, with group (expert, novice) and sex (male, female) as independent variables, and tracking accuracy on the MOT task as the dependent variable to assess whether sports expertise or sex influenced visual attention. Simple effects tests followed by comparisons with Bonferroni corrections were used, and effect size calculations were performed using Cohen’s f statistic. Results Tracking accuracy on the MOT task was significantly affected by sports expertise (F(1,124) = 91.732, p < 0.001, ηP2 = 0.425), with accuracy among expert soccer athletes superior to that among novice soccer athletes. Moreover, a statistically significant interaction between sports expertise and sex was detected (F(1,124) = 7.046, p = 0.009, η P2= 0.054). Better tracking performance was observed for male soccer players (mean [SD], 0.39 [0.12]) than for female soccer players (mean [SD], 0.27 [0.08]); p < 0.01; d=1.17; r = 0.51) but only in the novice group. No significant sex difference was detected in tracking performance between elite male soccer athletes (mean [SD], 0.51 [0.09]) and elite female soccer athletes (mean [SD], 0.49 [0.11]). Conclusion These findings confirm previous results indicating that long-term extensive sports training develops visual attention as assessed by MOT performance and extend previous findings to include soccer athletes. The findings of a sex difference in visual attention among novice soccer players but not among elite soccer athletes who had similar performance requirements and training experience suggest that long-term extensive training may minimize the sex difference in visual attention.
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Taylor, Jeffrey B., Alexis A. Wright, James M. Smoliga, J. Tyler DePew e Eric J. Hegedus. "Upper-Extremity Physical-Performance Tests in College Athletes". Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 25, n. 2 (maggio 2016): 146–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2014-0296.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Context:Physical-performance tests (PPTs) are commonly used in rehabilitation and injury-prevention settings, yet normative values of upper-extremity PPTs have not been established in high-level athletes.Objective:To establish normative data values for the Closed Kinetic Chain Upper-Extremity Stability Test (CKCUEST) and Upper-Quarter Y-Balance Test (UQYBT) in college athletes and compare results between sports and to analyze the relationship between the 2 tests.Design:Observational.Setting:Laboratory/athletic facility.Participants:257 (118 male, 139 female) Division I athletes participating in basketball, soccer, baseball, lacrosse, volleyball, track and field, and cross-country.Intervention:CKCUEST and UQYBT scores were recorded as part of a comprehensive injury-risk screening battery.Main Outcome Measure:Pearson correlations assessed the relationship between all measures of the CKCUEST and UQYBT. A factorial ANOVA and a repeated-measures ANOVA (arm dominance) were used to assess interactions between sex, year in school, and sport for CKCUEST and UQYBT scores.Results:Normative values for the CKCUEST and UQYBT were established for 9 men’s and women’s college sports. No significant relationships were found between PPT scores. Men scored significantly higher than women for the CKCUEST (P = .002) and UQYBT (P = .010). Baseball players scored significantly higher than athletes from all other sports for the UQYBT (P < .001) but showed nonsignificant trends of lower scores for the CKCUEST than lower-extremity-dominant athletes such as runners (P = .063) and lacrosse players (P = .058).Conclusions:Results suggest that average CKCUEST and UQYBT scores in Division I athletes are distinct from those previously reported in recreationally active populations and that performance differences exist between sexes and sports. In addition, the CKCUEST and UQYBT appear to measure different constructs of performance and may complement each other as part of a screening battery.
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Brinkman-Majewski, Rachel E., e Windee M. Weiss. "The Motivational Climate and Intrinsic Motivation in the Rehabilitation Setting". Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 27, n. 5 (1 settembre 2018): 460–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2016-0228.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Context: The motivational climate created by the athletic trainer in rehabilitation may be critical in influencing athletes’ intrinsic motivation and other psychosocial outcomes in the rehabilitation and the recovery processes. Objective: To examine intercollege athletes’ perceptions of the motivational climate in the rehabilitation setting. Specifically, examining if perceptions of the motivational climate can predict athletes’ levels of intrinsic motivation with rehabilitation as well as the relationship between perceptions of the motivational climate and athlete demographics (gender, starter status, athletic trainer gender, etc). Design: Cross-sectional, descriptive research. Setting: College sport team and athletic training center. Participants: National Collegiate Athletic Association Division II intercollege athletes from one institution (n = 187; 125 males and 62 females). Main Outcome Measures: Paper-based survey measuring mastery and performance perceptions of the motivational climate in rehabilitation, athletes’ goal orientation in sport, and athletes’ levels of motivation in rehabilitation. Results: Perceptions of a performance climate were positively related to intrinsic motivation effort–improvement (effect size = 25.34%). Perceptions of a mastery climate were positively related to interest–enjoyment and perceived competence and negatively related to tension–pressure (effect size = 39.03%). In general, female athletes, as well as athletes with a female athletic trainer, had significantly higher perceptions of mastery motivational climate effort–improvement than male athletes and athletes with male athletic trainers. While male athletes and athletes with male athletic trainers had higher perceptions of intrateam member rivalry in rehabilitation. Conclusions: The athlete’s gender and goal orientation, as well as the gender of the athletic trainer creating the motivational climate, can influence whether the environment is perceived as more mastery or performance. The recovering athletes’ perceptions of the climate in rehabilitation can, in turn, affect their intrinsic motivation toward the therapeutic interventions.
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Wang, Yan, Si-Man Lei e Chi-Chong Wu. "The Effect of Mindfulness Intervention on the Psychological Skills and Shooting Performances in Male Collegiate Basketball Athletes in Macau: A Quasi-Experimental Study". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, n. 3 (28 gennaio 2023): 2339. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032339.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background: This study adopted a quasi-experimental design to examine the effect of a 7-week mindfulness intervention on the psychological coping ability and shooting performance of college-level male basketball athletes in Macau. Methods: A total of 43 male college basketball athletes in Macau were selected as the participants. Besides the regular basketball training, the intervention group (n = 23) received a 7-week mindfulness training; the weekly mindfulness intervention session lasted around one hour according to the mindfulness training manual for athletes, while the control group (n = 20) did not receive any mindfulness training. Before and immediately after the 7-week intervention, all players performed the following tests: the “Five-Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire”, the “Acceptance and Action Questionnaire”, the “Sport Competition Anxiety Test”, the “Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale”, and three shooting tests. An independent-sample t-test and a paired-sample t-test were used to analyze the between- and within-group differences. Moreover, a repeated measures ANOVA was used to assess the group, time, and group-by-time effects on psychological skills and shooting performances. Results: The intervention resulted in both significant between-group and within-group differences in mindfulness level, acceptance level, attention level, three-point, and free-throw shooting performances (all p < 0.05, Cohen’s d ranging from 0.565 to 1.117). Conclusion: While further study is necessary, the present study suggests that the 7-week mindfulness training program can significantly improve psychological outcomes and shooting performance in Macau college basketball athletes. Future studies involving competition settings and objective metrics will aid in verifying mindfulness as the prevalent practice among basketball practitioners and athletes.
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Howe, Jonathan. "Manifestations of Athletic Identity in Black Male Collegiate Student-Athletes: Introduction of a Model". Journal of Amateur Sport 6, n. 2 (4 ottobre 2020): 107–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17161/jas.v6i2.13636.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The socialization of Black males into athletics leads to a heightened attention placed on their athletic identity. Once these student-athletes enter the collegiate environment, the institutions of higher education and associated athletic departments have neglected to holistically develop identity within Black male student-athletes. With this population representing less than 3% of the entire student-body population on college campuses (Harper, 2018), the support that they receive also does not help to counter the negative experiences that they have. Negative experiences then lead to negative outcomes such as becoming susceptible to stereotype threat and identity foreclosure. This paper presents a conceptual model to center race while connecting athletic identity within Black male student-athletes to their experiences on campus and the outcomes related to this identity.
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Kelly, Darren D., e Marlene A. Dixon. "Successfully Navigating Life Transitions Among African American Male Student-Athletes: A Review and Examination of Constellation Mentoring as a Promising Strategy". Journal of Sport Management 28, n. 5 (settembre 2014): 498–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsm.2012-0320.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Despite excellent performance on the field and years of academic and social attention, National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I African American male student-athletes continue to struggle to have an optimal and well-rounded college experience at predominantly White institutions of higher education. In particular, the first 2 years of college represent a difficult period during which this group would benefit from new ideas to support their multiple transitions. Mentoring, and more specifically constellation mentoring, provides great promise for aiding in the transition and success of this group (Kram, 1985). Mentoring, like other organizational transition management tools, focuses on helping people navigate a transition into a new setting (Noe, Hollenbeck, Gerhart, & Wright, 2010). However, constellation mentoring can be simultaneously broad (in terms of range of needs addressed) and specifically tailored to individual needs. This study seeks to establish a framework for how mentoring may provide a valuable tool for addressing the needs of African American male student-athletes as they transition into the college sport, social, and academic atmosphere.
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Armstrong, Ketra L., e Michael A. Jennings. "Race, Sport, and Sociocognitive “Place” in Higher Education: Black Male Student-Athletes as Critical Theorists". Journal of Black Studies 49, n. 4 (5 marzo 2018): 349–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021934718760721.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The purpose of this research was to further examine the juxtaposition of race, sport, and higher education. It utilized an existential-phenomenological approach to obtain data from a purposeful case selection of three Black male student-athletes enrolled in a National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division 1 collegiate football program. Through the lenses of social-cognitive theory and critical race theory, the results elucidated (a) the impact of race as a psychological, cultural, and social anchor of “place” for Black male student-athletes on a predominantly White college/university campus, and (b) race intersectionality with age, gender, social class, and environment to influence their educational experience. The contributions of Black male student-athletes as critical theorists are highlighted, and a model depicting the relationships between race, sport, and the sociocognitive “place” of Black males in higher education as articulated by the participants is presented.