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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Maladies rénales – Physiopathologie"
Krummel, Thierry, Dorothée Bazin e Thierry Hannedouche. "Physiopathologie de la progression des maladies rénales". La Presse Médicale 36, n. 12 (dicembre 2007): 1835–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lpm.2007.04.036.
Testo completoGirerd, Sophie, Matthieu Soulie, Jonatan Barrera-Chimal e Frédéric Jaisser. "Antagonistes du récepteur minéralocorticoïde". médecine/sciences 39, n. 4 (aprile 2023): 335–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2023008.
Testo completoPillebout, E. "Vascularite à IgA (purpura rhumatoïde) de l’adulte". Médecine Intensive Réanimation 27, n. 4 (6 giugno 2018): 291–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3166/rea-2018-0034.
Testo completoLavainne, F., P. Guillot e L. Figueres. "Troubles minéraux et osseux dans la maladie rénale chronique : physiopathologie, conséquences et prise en charge". La Revue de Médecine Interne, febbraio 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.revmed.2022.01.009.
Testo completoOkoye, J. O., A. T. Basil, O. G. Okoli, P. O. Achebe, C. M. Obi e N. E. Ekekwe. "Hydroxychloroquine and zinc ameliorate interleukin-6 associated hepato-renal toxicity induced by <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i> in experimental rat models". African Journal of Clinical and Experimental Microbiology 25, n. 2 (3 aprile 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ajcem.v25i2.10.
Testo completoTesi sul tema "Maladies rénales – Physiopathologie"
Tabibzadeh, Nathalie. "Le rein profond dans la physiopathologie des lésions rénales : rôle des structures médullaires, des capillaires péritubulaires et de l'urothélium". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS604.
Testo completoLe rein profond correspond aux structures médullaires, vasculaires post-glomérulaires, et à l’urothélium intrarénal. Cette définition regroupe des acteurs de la physiologie rénale dont l’étude est parfois difficile du fait de leur localisation. La fonction de concentration en particulier se rattache directement à ces structures profondes. L’objet de l’étude est donc une approche physiopathologique des altérations du rein profond, qu’elles soient à l’origine de la pathologie rénale, ou qu’elles en soient le reflet. La première partie du travail repose sur des données épidémiologiques de patients atteints d’une maladie rénale chronique et montre que la diminution de l’osmolalité urinaire à jeun est prédictive d’une dégradation du débit de filtration glomérulaire et d’une insuffisance rénale terminale chez ces patients. La deuxième étude porte sur le rôle des capillaires péritubulaires d’une part dans l’hémodynamique rénale, d’autre part dans l’apparition des lésions tubulaires. Dans un modèle d’hypertension artérielle, le rôle des capillaires péritubulaires dans la toxicité rénale de l’hème y est précisé. Enfin, la troisième partie concerne la structure la plus profonde du rein, l’urothélium intrarénal. Des données de la littérature laissant entrevoir son rôle potentiel dans les fonctions rénales, un modèle murin transgénique d’ablation conditionnelle de l’urothélium a été mis au point. L’osmolalité urinaire était diminuée et l’urée et la créatininémie étaient augmentées après ablation des cellules urothéliales. Ces résultats suggèrent un rôle de l’urothélium intrarénal dans la fonction de concentration des urines ; son rôle en physiopathologie doit encore être précisé
Larrue, Romain. "Déterminants moléculaires et cellulaires des maladies rénales chroniques et de leurs complications". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ULILS026.
Testo completoChronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is defined, regardless of its primary cause, by the presence, for more than 3 months, of markers of kidney damage or a decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate below 60 ml/min/1.73 m². CKD is associated with an increased risk of progression to end-stage renal disease as well as decreased patient survival. Therapeutic options remain limited and rely primarily on dialysis and renal transplantation.This thesis project aims at identifying novel molecular and cellular determinants associated with CKD and its complications based on different clinical entities. On the one hand, the search for genetic factors involved in the pathogenesis of certain hereditary nephropathies such as nephronophthisis or Alport syndrome has been addressed using innovative analytical techniques such as high-throughput sequencing. On the other hand, the involvement of a particular microRNA, miR-21, was evaluated in a mouse model of secondary nephropathy where kidney damage is induced by exposure to an anticancer agent, cisplatin. Our results allowed the identification of new genetic variants playing a causal role in Alport syndrome and nephronophthisis using an analytical strategy enabling complete genome sequencing. Furthermore, our data also suggest that miR-21 has a nephroprotective role and that its pharmacological modulation may prevent the occurrence of chronic renal failure in patients receiving chemotherapy including platinum derivatives. Overall, the results obtained in this work provide a better understanding of the pathophysiology of chronic kidney disease and could lead to new therapeutic options in the more or less long term
Estève, Emmanuel. "Applications des outils physicochimiques à la physiologie et physiopathologie rénale". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUS283.
Testo completoKidney histology has led to better description and understanding of renal diseases. Kidney biopsy analysis only relies on visible light after staining. The goal of this work was to assess whether other kinds of illumination could be used on standard renal samples. In a first part we have demonstrated that synchrotron radiation mediated micro-X ray fluorescence can identify platinum with micrometric resolution in platinum-based chemotherapy exposed mice and humans kidneys. In a second work we show that UV fluorescence can be used to detect oxalate in hyperoxaluric patient kidneys. It highlights standard intratubular large oxalate crystals but also small non usually detectable microcristals and diffuse intracellular oxalate accumulation. In a third part we have manage to perform atomic force microscopic enhanced infrared spectroscopy on renal biopsies of vancomycine cast nephropathies patients biopsies. It allowed us to acquire nanoscopically resoluted infrared spectra of intratubular vancomycin casts and to demonstrate the chemical heterogeneity of such pathological precipitations. Taken together these works illustrate the feasibility and high potential of physicochemical analytic method to further describe kidney biopsies
Grampa, Valentina. "Characterization of the pathophysiological mechanisms associated with NEK8/NPHP9 mutations identified in patients with severe renal ciliopathies". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCB099.
Testo completoCiliopathies are a group of genetic multi-systemic disorders related to dysfunction of the primary cilium, a sensory organelle present at the cell surface that regulates key signaling pathways during development and tissue homeostasis. In order to identify novel genes whose mutations would cause severe developmental ciliopathies, ~500 patients/fetuses were analyzed by a targeted high throughput sequencing approach allowing exome sequencing of > 1200 ciliary genes. We have identified eight novel mutations in NEK8/NPHP9 in five independent families with severe overlapping syndromic disorders. NEK8/NPHP9 encodes a NIMA-related kinase that localizes at the inversin compartment of the primary cilium and acts as a regulator of Hippo signaling, a pathway that is essential for control of organ size during development. We show for the first time that NEK8 mutations are associated with renal agenesis and hypodysplasia, and our work highlights a genotype/phenotype correlation with NEK8 loss-of-function mutations leading to enlarged cystic kidney, pancreas and liver, whereas NEK8 gain-of-function (missense) mutations cause renal hypodysplasia, cardiopathy and paucity of bile ducts. The first part of my thesis project focuses on the study of the impact of these NEK8 missense mutations on various cellular processes and NEK8-dependent signaling pathways. We demonstrate that NEK8 missense mutations impair the Inversin (INVS) compartment composition and ciliogenesis, and also alter the nuclear localization of the main Hippo signalling effector, YAP, as well as expression of its target genes in patient fibroblasts and renal cell lines. We also demonstrated that this Hippo pathway imbalance causes epithelial morphogenesis defects in 3D matrigel culture. Indeed, mIMCD3 cells depleted for NEK8 showed persistent YAP and Ki-67 staining and formed bigger spheres compared to control cells. Abnormal sphere volume was also observed in cells re-expressing NEK8-GFP mutations, suggesting their pathogenicity. We confirm these data in vivo in Jck mice, a model of polycystic kidney disease bearing a Nek8 missense mutation. Finally, treatment with Verteporfin, a specific inhibitor of YAP transcriptional activity, improves the mutant phenotype of both cellular models and zebrafish embryos overexpressing human NEK8, further supporting the involvement of YAP dysregulation in the pathogenic cellular mechanisms. Surprisingly, in patient fibroblasts, we showed that mutated NEK8 accumulates at the Golgi that appeared dispersed. NEK8 recruitment at the Golgi apparatus is dependent on ARF1 (Brefeldin A sensitive), a small GTPase involved in protein trafficking between Golgi compartments and ER. We notably demonstrated that NEK8 mostly interacts and localizes with the dominant negative form of ARF1 (T31N), suggesting that NEK8 could act as an activator (GEF) of ARF1 to promote vesicular trafficking of ciliary proteins. The second part of my project focuses on a new candidate gene for which a missense homozygous mutation has been identified in 3 individuals presenting a late onset NPH with hepatic fibrosis. This gene encodes ANKS3, an evolutionarily conserved protein whose function is still poorly characterized. Interestingly, ANKS3 has been reported to be a partner of NEK8, even though we showed it does not localize at the INVS compartment with NEK8 but is rather present at the base of cilia in fibroblasts. We showed that the missense mutation does not affect ANKS3 localization but leads to longer cilia and abnormal accumulation of NEK8 at the cilium base in patient fibroblasts and kidney tubules. Altogether, my work focused on NEK8 and its partners, ANKS6 and ANKS3, each of whose related gene is mutated in patients presenting a broad clinical spectrum of phenotypes. (...)
Wang, Yue Pei, e Yue Pei Wang. "Rôle de nouveaux marqueurs osseux dans la physiopathologie des troubles minéraux et osseux en insuffisance rénale chronique". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37550.
Testo completoL’insuffisance rénale chronique (IRC) est une maladie chronique prévalente et comprenant plusieurs comorbidités. Les complications les plus importantes de l’IRC sont les fractures et la mortalité d’origine cardiovasculaire. Ces dernières ont été regroupées sous l’entité du trouble minéral et osseux en insuffisance rénale chronique (TMO-IRC). La physiopathologie du TMO-IRC revêt un intérêt particulier dans l’optique de mieux comprendre et prévenir les complications des patients IRC. Récemment, les niveaux sanguins de nouveaux marqueurs osseux [sclérostine, dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1), fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) et α-klotho], inhibiteurs de la voie de signalisation Wnt, ont été associés à des issues de santé osseuse et vasculaire et pourraient donc jouer un rôle important dans le TMO-IRC. Les objectifs de ce mémoire sont d’investiguer le rôle de ces nouveaux marqueurs osseux dans 1) le TMO-IRC chez les patients greffés et 2) le TMO-IRC chez des patients hémodialysés en lien avec le tissu adipeux de la moelle osseuse (TAM). Les résultats de nos travaux montrent que les marqueurs osseux baissent après la transplantation rénale et suggèrent que l’évolution de la sclérostine et du FGF23 est associée à certains paramètres de rigidité artérielle (vélocité de l’onde de pouls carotidefémorale et vélocité de l’onde de pouls carotide-radiale). De plus, nous avons montré la faisabilité de caractériser le TAM chez une cohorte de dialysés. Nos analyses suggèrent également que le TAM est corrélé de manière inverse avec le DKK1 sérique. Bref, nos résultats suggèrent que ces nouveaux marqueurs osseux pourraient jouer un rôle important dans la physiopathologie du TMO-IRC, et ce, autant chez les patients IRC que les greffés, potentiellement par des mécanismes différents. Une meilleure compréhension des mécanismes d’action de ces marqueurs osseux pourrait ouvrir la voie à une meilleure prise en charge des patients souffrant de TMO-IRC.
Chronic kidney disease – mineral and bone disorders (CKD-MBD) leads to increased comorbidity and mortality due to heightened fractures rate and cardiovascular complications. Understanding the mechanisms of CKD-MBD’s pathophysiology is important in order to eventually propose new therapies that may prevent or treat bone and vascular complications. Recently, circulating levels of new bone markers [sclerostin, dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1), fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and α-klotho], which are Wnt pathway’s inhibitors, have been associated with bone and vascular health outcomes in CKD population and could therefore play an important role in CKD-MBD. The objectives of this master thesis are to investigate the role of these new bone markers 1) in CKD-MBD among kidney transplanted patients and 2) in CKD-MBD among dialysis patients in relation to bone marrow adipose tissue (MAT). Our results show that bone markers lower after kidney transplantation. We observe an association between circulating sclerostin and FGF23 levels evolution and arterial stiffness parameters (carotid-femoral pulse-wave velocity and carotid-radial pulse-wave velocity) after kidney transplant. Moreover, we show the feasibility to characterize MAT in a dialysis cohort and our results suggest an inverse correlation between serum DKK1 levels and MAT. In conclusion, our results show that these new bone markers could play an important role in CKD-MBD both in kidney transplanted and hemodialysis patients likely through different mechanisms. A better understanding of the role of these Wnt inhibitors in CKD-MBD could lead to a better management approach of patients with CKD-MBD.
Chronic kidney disease – mineral and bone disorders (CKD-MBD) leads to increased comorbidity and mortality due to heightened fractures rate and cardiovascular complications. Understanding the mechanisms of CKD-MBD’s pathophysiology is important in order to eventually propose new therapies that may prevent or treat bone and vascular complications. Recently, circulating levels of new bone markers [sclerostin, dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1), fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and α-klotho], which are Wnt pathway’s inhibitors, have been associated with bone and vascular health outcomes in CKD population and could therefore play an important role in CKD-MBD. The objectives of this master thesis are to investigate the role of these new bone markers 1) in CKD-MBD among kidney transplanted patients and 2) in CKD-MBD among dialysis patients in relation to bone marrow adipose tissue (MAT). Our results show that bone markers lower after kidney transplantation. We observe an association between circulating sclerostin and FGF23 levels evolution and arterial stiffness parameters (carotid-femoral pulse-wave velocity and carotid-radial pulse-wave velocity) after kidney transplant. Moreover, we show the feasibility to characterize MAT in a dialysis cohort and our results suggest an inverse correlation between serum DKK1 levels and MAT. In conclusion, our results show that these new bone markers could play an important role in CKD-MBD both in kidney transplanted and hemodialysis patients likely through different mechanisms. A better understanding of the role of these Wnt inhibitors in CKD-MBD could lead to a better management approach of patients with CKD-MBD.
Legouis, David. "Altération de la néoglucogenèse rénale lors de l’insuffisance rénale aiguë". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS055.
Testo completoAcute Kidney Injury (AKI) is strongly associated with mortality independently of its cause. The kidney contributes to up to 40% of systemic glucose production by gluconeogenesis during fasting and stress conditions. Whether kidney gluconeogenesis is impaired during AKI and how this might influence systemic metabolism remains unknown. Here we show that glucose production and lactate clearance are impaired during human and experimental AKI using renal arteriovenous catheterization in patients, lactate tolerance test in mice and glucose isotope labelling in rats. Single-cell transcriptomics reveal that gluconeogenesis is impaired in proximal tubule cells during AKI. In a retrospective cohort of critically ill patients, we demonstrate that altered glucose metabolism during AKI is a major determinant of systemic glucose and lactate levels and is strongly associated with mortality. Thiamine supplementation increases lactate clearance without modifying renal function in mice with AKI, enhances glucose production by renal tubular cells ex vivo, and is associated with reduced mortality and improvement of the metabolic pattern in a retrospective cohort of critically ill patients with AKI. This study highlights an unappreciated systemic role of renal glucose and lactate metabolism in stress conditions, delineates general mechanisms of AKI-associated mortality and introduces a potential intervention targeting metabolism for a highly prevalent clinical condition with limited therapeutic options
Buléon, Marie. "Physiopathologie rénale du récepteur B2 de la bradykinine : de la néphropathie diabétique au choc septique". Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/265/.
Testo completoNephroprotection has become a critical challenge during chronic or acute renal disease management. In order to enlight new therapeutic targets, we have documented the role of bradykinin B1 and B2 receptors (B1R, B2R) during diabetic nephropathy and endotoxin shock. During diabetic nephropathy, renin-angiotensin system blockade slows the progression of the disease. Using two models of diabetes in rat and mice, we have observed that B2R activation is largely involved in this protective effect. We next investigated the role of B1R and B2R in the development of renal failure during lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endotoxin shock in wild-type or mice deficient for either the B1R or the B2R. Even if further investigations are needed, B2R activation contributes to the initial decrease in blood pressure, whereas the inactivation of B1R appears detrimental. Our results support the hypothesis of a protective role of B2R activation, particularly in chronic situation
Bignon, Yohan. "Physiologie et physiopathologie des transports transépithéliaux du tubule proximal : mise en évidence du rôle de la sous-unité Kir4.2 et analyse d'un mutant de ClC-5 impliqué dans la maladie de Dent". Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066244/document.
Testo completoThe proximal tubule is involved in diuresis by modifying the content of the glomerular ultrafiltrate. Using a variety of transepithelial transports systems, it reabsorbs all ultrafiltrated glucose, amino-acids and low molecular weight proteins, as well as 80% of HPO42- and HCO3- ions, about 60% of Na+, Cl-, K+, and Ca2+ ions, 75% of water and 30% of Mg2+.During this thesis, I determined the physiological and physiopathological roles of two transport proteins present in proximal tubule. Firstly, I evaluated the renal function of mice invalidated for the Kir4.2 protein, whose role was undetermined. Our results show that Kir4.2, in association with Kir5.1, form a Kir4.2/Kir5.1 potassium channel at the basolateral membrane of proximal tubular cells. Furthermore, Kir4.2-null mice exhibit a reduced ammoniagenesis leading to an isolated proximal renal tubular acidosis. This study provides the gene encoding Kir4.2 as a candidate gene for the yet unexplained autosomal dominant isolated proximal renal tubular acidosis.Secondly, I evaluated in vitro the functional consequences of a pathogenic mutation of the 2Cl-/H+ exchanger ClC-5, involved in Dent’s disease. This disease, characterized by a low-molecular-weigth-proteinuria in the context of a general proximal tubule dysfunction, is currently thought to be due to an acidification defect of early endosomes linked to a loss of function of ClC-5. Surprisingly, our results show that ClC-5, converted into a chloride channel by this mutation, indeed acidifies the early endosomes as well as the ClC-5 wild-type. Thus, Dent’s disease may originate from a defect in the accumulation of chloride ions into the early endosomes
López-Cayuqueo, Irma Karen. "A mouse model of pseudohypoaldosteronism type II reveals a novel mechanism of tenal tubular acidosis". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS465.
Testo completoPseudohypoaldosteronism type II (PHAII) is a rare monogenic disease characterized by the association of hyperkalemia, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis and hypertension. It is produced by mutations in the WNK1, WNK4, KLHL3 or CUL3 genes. The clinical manifestations of PHAII are due to an increased activity of the thiazide-sensitive Na+-Cl- cotransporter NCC, expressed in the distal convoluted tubule. However, the increased NCC activity do not fully explain the physiopathology of PHAII, giving evidence that other renal transport systems are altered in this disease. It has been reported that WNK4 is expressed not only in the DCT cells but also in -intercalated cells of the cortical collecting duct. These cells exchange intracellular HCO3- for external Cl- through pendrin, and therefore, account for renal base excretion. They can also mediate electroneutral thiazide-sensitive NaCl absorption when pendrin-dependent apical Cl- influx is coupled to apical Na+ influx by the Na+-driven Cl-/HCO3- exchanger NDCBE. Taking advantage of a mouse model (TgWNK4PHAII) carrying a WNK4 missense mutation (Q562E) identified in PHAII patients, the purpose of this study was to determine whether the electroneutral Na+-Cl- absorption through pendrin/NDCBE is involved in the pathogenesis of this disease. Our results show that renal pendrin activity is markedly increased in TgWNK4PHAII mice, leading to an increase in thiazide-sensitive NaCl absorption by the collecting duct and contributing to metabolic acidosis. Thus, pendrin genetic ablation in TgWNK4PHAII mice corrects the metabolic acidosis and also the hyperkalemia characteristic of PHAII
Libri sul tema "Maladies rénales – Physiopathologie"
Amerio, Alberto. Drugs, Systemic Diseases, and the Kidney. Springer, 2012.
Cerca il testo completoAmerio, Alberto. Drugs, Systemic Diseases, and the Kidney. Springer London, Limited, 2013.
Cerca il testo completoDrugs, Systemic Diseases, and the Kidney. Springer, 1989.
Cerca il testo completo