Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Maharashtra (India). Kolhapur Record Office"

The beetle Chlorophorus jucundus (Perroud, 1855) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is being reported for the first time from Shivaji University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India, which is part of the northern Western Ghats. This communication briefly describes the species with colour photographs showing important diagnostic characters.

A long-horned beetle, collected when attracted to light, was identified as Niphona fuscatrix (Fabricius 1792). This species is reported for the first time from western India (Shivaji University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra).

The members of family Tettigoniidae, commonly called katydids, generally exhibit mimicry and camouflage with shapes and colours similar to leaves. The genus Onomarchus Stal is mainly distributed in temperate and tropical Asia, and was earlier reported from Assam and West Bengal in India. The species Onomarchus leuconotus (Serville, 1838) is reported here for the first time in peninsular India from the Western Ghats (Chandoli National Park, Kolhapur, Maharashtra). This record extends the known geographical range of this species by about 1630 km. As its holotype is not described from India, the female of O. leuconotus is described here via detailed diagnostic characters, colour photographs and illustrations.

Ipomoea laxiflora H. J. Chowdhery & Debta (Convolvulaceae) is reported as an addition to the flora of Dhule, Jalgaon and Nandurbar Districts and as a new distributional record for North Maharashtra. Morphologically, present species similar to I. triloba L., and is separated by absence of hairs on ovary and capsules. So far, the present species is reported from northern part of India, Gadchiroli (Vidarbha) and Ichalkaranji (Kolhapur District). A brief description, distribution, conservation status is given to facilitate easy identification of I. laxiflora in the field.

AbstractThis article makes use of a recently unearthed archive in Sweden, complemented by research in the India Office Records and Maharashtra State Archives, to explore the business networks of the small-scale railway contractor in 1860s Bombay Presidency. The argument centres on the career of one individual, comparing him with several contemporaries. In contrast to their civilian colleagues, freebooting engineers have been a somewhat understudied group. Sometimes lacking formal technical training, and without an official position in colonial India, they were distrusted as profiteering, even corrupt, opportunists. This article will present them instead as a diverse professional class, incorporating Parsis alongside various European nationalities, who became specialists in local milieux, sourcing timber and stone at the lowest prices and retaining the loyalty of itinerant labourers. It will propose that the 1860s cotton boom in western India provided them with a short-lived window of opportunity in which to flourish, and to diversify into a variety of speculative enterprises including cotton trading, land reclamation, and explosives. The accidents and bridge collapses of the 1867 monsoon, and subsequent public outcry, will be identified as a watershed after which that window of opportunity begins to shut. The article's concluding section analyses the contractors’ relationship with their labour force and its intermediary representatives, and strategies for defusing strikes. Ultimately, small independent contractors were agents of modernity not formally affiliated with the imperial project, and forced to bargain with merchants and strikers without official backing. Theirs is a record of complex negotiations at the local level, carried out in the immediate post-Mutiny settlement.

In the varietal front the Pulses Research Station, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola has made significant progress by releasing 3 excellent pigeonpea, Variety for Maharashtra. In Pigeon pea variety PKV Tara was released in 2013. In pigeonpea, PKV Tara variety is resistant to wilt disease and moderately resistant to sterility mozc (SMD). Seeds are generally medium bold in size with red seed colour specially. It is suitable for cultivation in Vidarbha region of Maharashtra under normal condition. It is high yielding variety. It gives 18-20 q/ha yield and crop duration is of average 176 days. PKV Tara variety is mostly adopted in states like Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka, Gujarat and Chhattisgarh. The main objective of this study, to study the growth rates of area, production and productivity of selected pigeonpea crop, to examine the varietal status of University released selected pigeonpea and to assess the economic impact of University released selected pigeonpea. The data on area, production and productivity of pigeonpea for Maharashtra and India was collected from the annual report, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers welfare, Government of India for the year 1990-91 to 2019-20. The information on expenditure on research, extension, salary, contingency etc. was availed from the office record of Pulses Research Unit, Dr.PDKV, Akola. Data on seed sale of PKV Tara were collected from Pulses Research Unit, Dr.PDKV, Akola and Mahabheej, Akola. The data on costs and returns of pigeonpea PKV Tara and other varieties data of pigeonpea crop for the year 2019-20 were compiled from the pigeonpea quick estimate reports of Agricultural Price Cost and Scheme, Department of Agril. Economics and Statistics, Dr.PDKV, Akola. In addition to this primary data has been collected from the survey of sample cultivator through personal interview with help of pretested and structured schedule for the year 2019-20. Partial budget approach was used for estimating the impact of research outcome on income generation. Partial budgeting is a method of organizing experimental data and information about the cost and benefits from some change in the technologies being used on the farm. The aim is to estimate the change that will occur in farm profit or loss from some change in the farm plan (Boehlje and Eidman, 1984). The growth rates of area and production of pigeonpea for Maharashtra state was observed to be negatively significant at 1and 5 per cent level of significance, respectively for the entire period of 19 years. The total economic worthiness of University released pigeonpea production technology over other competing varieties of pigeonpea in the region were Rs. 9654.09/-, per hectare. It meanse the Net Economic Impact to the farming community in Maharashtra state were Rs.12. crores for pigeonpea, respectively in the year 2019-20. The area under University released tur varieties for the year 2019-20 were 33080.40 hectare. The gross economic impact of University released pigeonpea varieties was Rs. 841.68 crores for six year. It is, therefore, the that government should provide substantial funds to the University for further Research and Extension of their varieties for benefit of the farming community.

The current HIV/AIDS scenario in India is quite grim with an estimated 2.4 million people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA) in 2008, just behind South Africa and Nigeria. The anti-retroviral drugs (ARVs) remain the main stay of global HIV/AIDS treatment. Over 30 ARVs (single and FDCs) available under six categories viz., NRTIs (nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors), NNRTIs (non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors), Protease inhibitors, the new Fusion inhibitors, Entry inhibitors-CCR5 co-receptor antagonists and HIV integrase strand transfer inhibitors. The major originator companies for these ARVs are: Abbott, Boehringer Ingelheim (BI), Bristol-Myers Squibb (BMS), Gilead, GlaxoSmithKline (GSK), Merck, Pfizer, Roche, and Tibotec. Beginning with zidovidine in 1987, all the drugs are available in the developed countries. In India, about 30 ARVs are available as generics manufactured by Aurobindo, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh; Cipla Limited, Goa; Emcure Pharmaceuticals, Pune, Maharashtra; Hetero Drugs, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh; Macleods Pharmaceuticals, Daman; Matrix Laboratories, Nashik, Maharashtra; Ranbaxy, Sirmour, Himachal Pradesh; and Strides Arcolab, Bangalore, Karnataka. The National AIDS Control Organization (NACO) set up in 1992 by the Govt. of India provides free ARVs to HIV positive patients in India since 2004. The drugs available in India include both single drugs and FDCs covering both first line and second line ARVs. Even while there are claims of stabilization of the disease load, there is still huge gap of those who require ARVs as only about 150,000 PLHA receive the ARVs from the Govt. and other sources. Access to ARVs therefore is still a cause of serious concern ever since India became fully Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS)-complaint in 2005. Therefore, the Indian pharmaceutical companies cannot make generics for those for drugs introduced post-2005 due to product patent regime. Other concerns include heat stable, other better formulations and second line ARVs for adults and more drugs and formulations for paediatric groups, that are still to be widely available in India and other developing countries. To examine whether strong intellectual property (IP) protection systems are to be considered important barriers for the limited or lack of access to ARVs, we studied the patent profile of the ARVs of the originator companies within and outside India. We could record 93 patents in the United States Patent & Trademark Office (USPTO). The originator companies have been also aggressively filing and enforcing patents in India. There have been a few efforts by companies like Gilead and GSK to grant licenses to generic manufacturers in developing countries, ostensibly to promote access to ARVs through lower (two-tier) pricing. These steps are considered as too little and too late. There is an urgent need to look for alternative strategies to promote access to ARVs both linked to and independent of IPRs. Patent pooling as a viable strategy mooted by the UNITAID should be seriously explored to promote access to ARVs. India is ideally suited for trying out the patent pool strategy as most of the global requirement of affordable ARV drugs for HIV/AIDS treatment is sourced from Indian generic companies.