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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Macadamia nuts"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 21 febbraio 2023

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Macadamia nuts"

Basker, Dov, e Amnon Kadman. "Optimal salting of macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia) nuts". Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 46, n. 2 (1989): 221–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2740460210.

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Heskey, Celine, Sujatha Rajaram, Abigail Clarke, Julie Jones, Rawiwan Sirirat e Joan Sabaté. "The Perceived Impact of Macadamia Nut Consumption on Feelings of Satisfaction and Bowel Function". Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (29 maggio 2020): 1127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa055_012.

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Abstract Objectives To assess subject perception of their level of various components of satisfaction, and changes in bowel habits, while consuming macadamia nuts during a free-living intervention study. Methods This was a randomized, crossover study in which free-living subjects (n = 35) were allocated to an 8 week macadamia nut (15% kcals) intervention and control (usual diet) phases. Eligibility criteria included a BMI of 25–39 kg/m,2, abdominal obesity, and presence of at least 1 other cardiometabolic risk factor. Subjects attended a biweekly clinic with the study dietitians to receive a supply of pre-weighed daily portions of nuts (mixture of raw and roasted), instructions and reinforcement on ways to incorporate the nuts into their habitual diet. A 14-item macadamia nut satisfaction questionnaire was administered at the end of the study, to assess various factors including perceptions of taste, ease of use, ease of preparation of the nut, and fullness. A 9-item bowel habits questionnaire was administered at the end of both the treatment and control phases, assessing factors including bowel frequency, perceptions of change in digestion, and stool consistency, using the Bristol Stool chart. Subject responses to the satisfaction questionnaire were calculated as proportions. Bowel movement frequency, and stool type were compared between the macadamia nut and control phases using the Wilcoxon signed rank sum test. Results Most subjects liked the taste (89%) of macadamia nuts, found the nuts easy to use (95%), and incorporate (95%) into their daily diet, and did not feel deprived (86%) while eating macadamia nuts. About half of the subjects felt strongly that macadamia nuts added flavor and variety to their diets, and 80% really liked including macadamia nuts into their habitual diet. In terms of bowel function, no significant difference in bowel movement frequency was noted between the macadamia and control phases. Stool consistency (Bristol stool assessment) was significantly different between the macadamia and control phases (P = 0.049). Conclusions Most subjects indicated favorable perceptions towards, and satisfaction with macadamia nuts. Self-reported stool consistency was different between the macadamia and control phases. Funding Sources Hort Innovation, Sydney, Australia.

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M. Tsang Mui Chung e Sheldon C. Furutani. "Microwave Drying of Macadamia Nuts". Applied Engineering in Agriculture 5, n. 4 (1989): 565–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.26561.

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Zuza, Emmanuel Junior, Kadmiel Maseyk, Shonil Bhagwat, Andrew Emmott, Will Rawes e Yoseph Negusse Araya. "Review of Macadamia Production in Malawi: Focusing on What, Where, How Much Is Produced and Major Constraints". Agriculture 11, n. 2 (12 febbraio 2021): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11020152.

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Macadamia is an essential commodity crop in Malawi. The nuts are a lucrative commodity and are used for household consumption, income generation among farming families and as a foreign exchange earning crop at country-level. Macadamia production in Malawi has increased significantly in recent years. Malawi is the seventh top producer of macadamia nuts valued at £23.5 million, with a global market share of 3%. In 2018, the country was the fourth-largest exporter of macadamia nuts that were valued at £18.2 million. The majority (90%) of this crop was grown by large commercial estates with smallholder’s production only contributing about 10% of the total crop production. However, the smallholder sector is vital for the future growth of the macadamia sector in the country. Further, Malawian smallholders consider macadamia production as a low-input crop with large returns per unit area (£10.7 kg−1 ha−1), and it thus a lucrative commodity with high potential for poverty reduction and wealth creation among these farming families. This paper, therefore, explores: (i) the historical and current trends in macadamia nut production in Malawi; (ii) analyses the country’s macadamia value chain focusing on smallholder farmer contributions; and (iii) discusses the constraints of smallholder macadamia production in Malawi for informed policymaking. We conclude that the synthesis of the Malawian macadamia sub-sector provides an understanding of the vital contributions of macadamia to Malawi’s economic growth and improvement of livelihoods.

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Bandason, Wellington, Cosmas Parwada e Abbyssinia Mushunje. "Macadamia Nuts (Macadamia intergrifolia) Value Chain and Technical Efficiency among the Small-scale Farmers in Zimbabwe". Research on World Agricultural Economy 3, n. 4 (1 dicembre 2022): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.36956/rwae.v3i4.700.

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Agriculture value chains are an indispensable tool for stakeholder collaboration, improving market access, foreign currency generation and increase in macadamia nut production in most developing countries. In Zimbabwe macadamia nut is a relatively new crop that has potential to alleviate poverty and enhance livelihoods. Zimbabwe’s macadamia nut industry is still at its infancy and remains an under-researched area. Despite this, the technical efficiency of macadamia nuts production systems as proxied by production levels among small-scale farmers in the country is least understood. This study analyses the existing value chains by scrutinizing every step required in the production and marketing of macadamia nuts focusing on technical efficiency of value chain nodes. Macadamia nut value chain in Zimbabwe is predominantly an emergency value chain system that does not embrace the modular value chain model and associated networks to enhance technical efficiency and overall welfare. The value chain system is characterised by imperfect market conditions with limited knowledge of exact specifications, attributes and price of macadamia nuts. The existing value chain models for macadamia nut need to be re-aligned to accommodate all stakeholders, hence widening resource and knowledge sharing platforms. There is a need for the Zimbabwe macadamia nut value chain to shift towards captive networks which embrace and scale out practices such as out-grower contractual arrangements. There is potential to design macadamia nut value chain models in Zimbabwe to increase the technical efficiency of the industry.

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Tobin, ME, AE Koehler e RT Sugihara. "Seasonal patterns of fecundity and diet of roof rats in a Hawaiian macadamia orchard". Wildlife Research 21, n. 5 (1994): 519. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9940519.

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We determined seasonal patterns of fecundity and diet of roof rats (Rattus rattus) snap-trapped in an orchard of macadamias (Macadamia integrifolia), and assessed the implications for controlling rat damage to macadamia nuts. In all, 903 males, 756 females, and 16 rats of unidentified sex were captured between June 1990 and April 1991. Sex ratios varied from 1 : 1 only during August, when males outnumbered females (P < 0.05). Subadult rats were present throughout the study and comprised 31% of captures. Adult male roof rats were in reproductive condition throughout the year, and females bore young during every month of the study. Average monthly pregnancy rates varied from 8% to 54% and were highest in April. Mean prenatal litter size ranged from 3.0 to 6.5 among months. Macadamia nut was the dominant food item throughout the study, and was present in all 199 stomachs inspected, with a mean relative frequency of 85%. Insect fragments, primarily lepidopteran larvae, occurred in 66% of the stomachs, with a mean relative frequency of 8%. Moss was found in 48% of the stomachs, with a mean relative frequency of 4%. Grass seeds, fruit seeds and non-insect animal material were present in small amounts. These results show that, in areas with prolonged macadamia flowering and subsequent extended periods of nut availability, roof rats breed throughout the year on a diet consisting mostly of macadamia nuts. In such situations, growers may need to apply control measures throughout the crop cycle to keep rat damage at acceptable levels.

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Wright, M. G., P. A. Follett e M. Golden. "Long-term patterns and feeding sites of southern green stink bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in Hawaii macadamia orchards, and sampling for management decisions". Bulletin of Entomological Research 97, n. 6 (12 novembre 2007): 569–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485307005305.

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AbstractSouthern green stink bug (Nezara viridula, Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is a pest of macadamia nuts, causing pitting to kernels by feeding. In spite of its pest status, many aspects of the ecology of this insect in macadamia orchards are poorly understood. This study analyzes long-term N. viridula damage to macadamia nuts and investigates the extent to which damage to nuts occurs in the tree canopy, prior to nut-drop. We show that there are distinct seasonal peaks in damage detected after harvest and that, over six years of data collection, mean damage levels were fairly low, albeit with spikes in damage levels recorded. Sampling nuts at peak harvest periods from different strata in the trees and from the ground showed that incidence of damaged nuts within the canopy was typically half as high as on the fallen nuts. Damage to fallen nuts may have occurred prior to nut-drop, and continued to accumulate after nut-drop. These results show that management of N. viridula within macadamia canopies, as opposed to only on fallen nuts, is important. A sampling procedure and predictive model for estimating late-season damage based on early-season damage samples is provided. The model uses January and March damage measurements (based on samples with set level of accuracy), mean temperature and month of the year for which damage is predicted. Early-season damage of 6–10% predicts late-season damage levels that should justify N. viridula suppression based on the nominal threshold (13% damage) used by kernel processors to reject nuts based on damage.

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Asdar, Muhammad. "Properties of Wood and Nuts of Makadamia (Macadamia hildebrandii Steen) from Sulawesi". Buletin Eboni 2, n. 1 (14 dicembre 2020): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.20886/buleboni.5763.

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Macadamia hildebrandii Steen is endemic species of Sulawesi. This species is found in the provinces of South Sulawesi, Central Sulawesi and Southeast Sulawesi. Macadamia wood has a distinctive feature that has the prospect of being a raw material for furniture. Meanwhile, the fruit has not been utilized. This paper is a review of wood and macadamia nuts properties that have been studied. The results of these studies show that wood and nuts have the following characteristics: larger rays commonly more than 10 seriate so that it is clearly visible on tangential/flat-sawn boards; classified as strength class III-II; high cellulose contents with alpha cellulose more than 42%; wood calorific value 4,363.5 cal/gr, charcoal calorific value 6868 cal /gr, volatile matter 14.04%, ash 1.36% and fixed carbon 84.60%; durability class IV against soil termites, class II against dry wood termites, and class III-II against decaying fungi; the quality of shaping, turning, boring, and sanding was classified as good (class II), while planing was classified as very good (class I); easily preserved; and easily cracked when dried. Macadamia wood can be used as raw materials for pulp and paper, rayon, charcoal, activated charcoal, light to heavy construction under the roof, furniture, and molding. The use of macadamia wood must consider its low dimensional stability. Macadamia nuts have a fat content of 1.96%, protein 8.38%, carbohydrates 48.44%, starch 46.44%, and tannins up to 8.42%. Proper processing techniques are needed, especially to reduce tannin levels so that macadamia nuts can be consumed.

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Richards, Tarran E., Wiebke Kämper, Stephen J. Trueman, Helen M. Wallace, Steven M. Ogbourne, Peter R. Brooks, Joel Nichols e Shahla Hosseini Bai. "Relationships between Nut Size, Kernel Quality, Nutritional Composition and Levels of Outcrossing in Three Macadamia Cultivars". Plants 9, n. 2 (11 febbraio 2020): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9020228.

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Tree nuts play an important role in healthy diets, but their economic value and nutritional quality may be affected by their size and paternity. We assessed relationships between nut size and kernel recovery, the incidence of whole kernels, fatty acid composition and mineral nutrient concentrations in three macadamia cultivars, “Daddow”, “816” and “A4”. We determined to what extent differences in nut size and quality were the result of different levels of cross- or self-paternity. Small nuts of all cultivars had lower kernel recovery than large nuts, and small nuts provided lower incidence of whole kernels in “Daddow” and “A4”. Small kernels had a lower relative abundance of the saturated fatty acid, palmitic acid, in all cultivars and higher relative abundance of the unsaturated fatty acid, oleic acid, in “Daddow” and “A4”. Small kernels had higher concentrations of many essential nutrients such as nitrogen and calcium, although potassium concentrations were lower in small kernels. Most nuts arose from cross-pollination. Therefore, nut size and kernel quality were not related to different levels of cross- and self-paternity. Identified cross-paternity was 88%, 78% and 90%, and identified self-paternity was 3%, 2% and 0%, for “Daddow”, “816” and “A4”, respectively. Small macadamia kernels are at least as nutritious as large macadamia kernels. High levels of cross-paternity confirmed that many macadamia cultivars are predominantly outcrossing. Macadamia growers may need to closely inter-plant cultivars and manage beehives to maximise cross-pollination.

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Tsang, Marcel M. C., e Jack K. Fujii. "Rapid Moisture Content Determination of Macadamia Nuts with an Electronic Moisture Meter". HortTechnology 2, n. 4 (ottobre 1992): 471–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.2.4.471.

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An electronic moisture meter (Dole Model 400) was calibrated for rapid determination of moisture content of macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia Maiden and Betche) nuts. The meter was found suitable to measure the moisture content (from 9.5% to 21.5% on a wet-weight basis) of macadamia nuts with sufficient accuracy for routine use by farmers and processors. On average, the meter readings were about 0.21% ± 0.08% se lower compared to readings obtained from the standard forced-air oven technique. A moisture analysis with the meter required <5 minutes compared to 72 hours by conventional oven-drying.

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Più fonti

Tesi sul tema "Macadamia nuts"

Du, Preez Alwyn Britz. "Studies on macadamia nut quality". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96929.

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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The South African macadamia industry is centred in the sub-tropical regions of South Africa with 40% of the plantings in the Lowveld. Growers receive higher pay-outs for high kernel recovery and unblemished (not discoloured) whole kernels. It is known that the same cultivar in the Lowveld region, produces nuts that differ in kernel recovery, whole kernel recovery and kernel discolouration. Therefore to develop optimal management strategies to maximize productivity and profitability of macadamias, factors that influence kernel recovery, whole kernel recovery and kernel discolouration needed to be investigated. The fruit structures are formed the first 90 days after anthesis and the fruit continues to grow until 12 to 15 weeks after anthesis until the shell hardens. Climate, soil moisture, cross-pollination and nutrition influence this process which determines the shell thickness and kernel size which in turn both determine kernel recovery. A large set of historical data from different regions were used to establish and isolate possible factors involved in kernel recovery, whole kernel recovery and kernel discolouration. These differed between the six regions over two seasons. High kernel recovery was associated with high orchard altitude, good cross-pollination, high crop load (high yield), early season harvesting and processing of nut-in-shell (NIS), high leaf boron concentrations in Nov., water management using deficit irrigation and low daily maximum relative humidity during the nut growth stage (Oct. to middle Jan.). High whole kernel recovery was associated with high kernel recovery, early season harvesting and processing of NIS, Bungay curing system of NIS compared to ambient air, low vapour pressure deficit during the nut maturation period (middle Jan. to harvest), elevated leaf boron and copper concentrations and low manganese leaf concentrations in Nov. High crop load, no cross pollination, low leaf nitrogen and zinc and high leaf potassium concentrations in Nov. were associated with low kernel discolouration. In order to develop possible orchard practices that increase kernel recovery, whole kernel recovery and decrease kernel discolouration, two irrigation trials and one kaolin trial were conducted. In the two irrigation trials, water stress was induced over two growing seasons (2011-2013) by applying different levels of irrigation at different phenological stages. Kernel recovery was not affected by any of the treatments, but water stress could not be applied continuously due to frequent high rainfall. Moderate water stress did not influence yield, only trees that were over watered during a drier premature nut drop stage during the 2011/12 season increased yield, although it could not be repeated the following season during a wetter premature nut drop stage. In the kaolin trial, the efficacy of kaolin foliar application was evaluated to reduce heat stress. Kaolin applications did not affect kernel recovery, nut yield or quality. Temperature during the study was not continuously high (>30 ⁰C), thus heat stress could not be mitigated. We did however establish that up to five layers of foliar applied kaolin did not significantly reduce individual leaf photosynthesis.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die makadamia-industrie in Suid-Afrika, is gesentreer in die sub-tropiese streke van die land met 40% van die aanplantings in die Laeveld. Produsente ontvang hoër uitbetalings vir neute wat 'n hoë uitkraak (kernherwinning) persentasie lewer asook ongeskonde (nie verkleurde), heel-kern neute. Daar is gevind dat dieselfde kultivar verskil ten opsigte van kernherwinning, heel-kernherwinning en kernverkleuring in die Laeveld. Om 'n optimale bestuurstrategie te ontwikkel en so maksimale opbrengs en wins te verkry, moes die faktore wat kernherwinning, heel-kernherwinning en kernverkleuring beïnvloed ondersoek word. Die eerste 90 dae na blom word die vrugstrukture gevorm en vrugte groei tot en met 12 tot 15 weke na volblom totdat die dop verhard. Klimaat, grondvog, kruisbestuiwing en voedingstowwe beïnvloed die prosesse wat dopdikte en kerngrootte beïnvloed en wat beide kernherwinning bepaal. 'n Groot stel historiese data vanaf verskillende streke is gebruik om die moontlike faktore wat kernherwinning, heel-kernherwinning en kernverkleuring beïnvloed te bepaal. Hierdie aspekte het verskil in die ses streke oor twee seisoene. Hoë kernherwinning was geassosieer met hoër liggende boorde (hoogte bo see spieël), goeie kruisbestuiwing, hoë oeslading, vroeë seisoen oes en prosessering van neut-in-dop, hoë boor blaarkonsentrasie in Nov., waterbestuur met onthoudingsbesproeïng en lae daaglikse maksimum relatiewe humiditeit gedurende die neut-groei-stadium (Okt. tot middel Jan.). Hoë heel-kernherwinning was geassosieer met hoë kernherwinning, vroeë seisoen oes en prosessering van neut-in-dop, Bungay droging, lae waterdampdruk tekort gedurende die neut-rypwording stadium (Jan. tot oes), hoë boor en koper blaarkonsentrasies en lae mangaan blaarkonsentrasie in Nov. Hoë oeslading, geen kruisbestuiwing, lae stikstof, sink en hoë kalium blaarkonsentrasies in Nov. was geassosieer met lae kernverkleuring. Twee besproeïngsproewe en een kaolienproef is uitgevoer om moontlike boord praktyke te ontwikkel wat kernherwinning en heel-kernherwinning verhoog en kernverkleuring verlaag. In die twee besproeïngsproewe is watertekorte aangewend oor twee seisoene (2011-2013) deur verskillende hoeveelhede te besproei gedurende verskillende fenologiese stadiums. Kernherwinning was nie geaffekteer deur die behandelings nie, maar dit moet ingedagte gehou word dat watertekorte nie deurlopend toegepas kon word nie as gevolg van hoë reënval. Gematigde watertekorte het nie die opbrengs beïnvloed nie, slegs bome wat oor-besproei was in ’n droeër voor-rypwording-neut-val stadium in die 2011/12 seisoen het 'n verhoging in opbrengs getoon, maar dit kon nie herhaal word die daaropvolgende natter seisoen nie. In die kaolienproef, is die gebruik van kaolien blaarbespuiting geëvalueer om hitte stress te verminder. Kaolienbespuitings het geen effek op kernherwinning, neut opbrengs of neutkwaliteit gehad nie. Temperature gedurende die studie was nie deurlopend hoog nie (>30 0C) en dus kon hitte stress nie gemanipuleer word nie. Daar is wel vasgestel dat tot vyf lae kaolien nie enkel-blaar fotosintese verminder het nie.

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Chitundu, Elizabeth Malama. "Studies on the shelf life of macadamia nuts". Thesis, Richmond, N.S.W. : School of Food Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury, 1994. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/37.

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Shelf life studies of raw Macadamia integrifolia nuts were carried out at different storage temperatures, relative humidities and time. An accelerated shelf life test was conducted, and the influence of water activity on kernel texture was studied. The antioxidants naturally present were identified by the use of thin layer chromatography. Accelerated shelf life tests showed that hydrolytic rancidity followed apparent zero order kinetics within the water activity range of 0.3 to 0.5. Oxidative rancidity measured by peroxide value appeared to follow different orders of reaction at different temperatures. At two months of storage rancidity was detected at which the headspace concentration of hexanal was 0.39 ppm and a peroxide value of 0.37 meq/kg. Headspace gas chromatography was done to find a quick and effective method for measuring oxidative rancidity. The presence of natural antioxidants was verified to explain the shelf life of macadamia nuts. In textural study, correlations were found between subjective and objective measurements. The product became unacceptable organoleptically above water activity 0.415 when stored at 20 degrees C. This level was established as the critical water activity. There is a need to establish a water activity at which the consumer is likely to reject the product.

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Chitundu, Elizabeth Malama, of Western Sydney Hawkesbury University, Faculty of Science and Technology e School of Food Science. "Studies on the shelf life of macadamia nuts". THESIS_FST_SFS_Chitundu_E.xml, 1994. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/37.

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Netiwaranon, Siriwan. "The effect of harvest date on the composition and quality of macadamia nuts /". [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2002. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16323.pdf.

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Sithole, Noleen Miriam. "The export potential of South African edible nuts : the special case of macadamia nuts to Germany / Noleen Miriam Sithole". Thesis, North-West University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4984.

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One of the top priorities of the South African government is to maintain and enhance economic growth. The South African government is seeking to achieve this by implementing export-led growth policies. In many exporting economies. resources are scarce and often export promotion institutions face the double allocation problem. The double allocation problem implies that export promotion institutions face the difficulty of having to allocate scarce resources efficiently (Cuyvers. De Pelsmaker. Rayp & Roozen. 1995). The apportionment of financial resources is among several export promotion instruments that can be used to attain export success. In 2005. the Department of Trade and Industry (the dti). as the trade promotion organisation in South Africa. expressed the need for a scientific study on• the realistic export opportunities in products and markets. This would enable decision-makers to scientifically justify the allocation of public resources to promote products with the highest potential earnings. A Decision Support Model (DSM) designed by Cuyvers (1995) was applied to the South African economy (in a study done by Viviers & Pearson (2007)) to identify priority products with high export potential in new and I or existing markets. The DSM identified the product group,. under the Standard International Trade Classification (SITC). SITC 0577 as the twenty-second product with the most realistic export opportunities. SITC 0577 was identified as having thirty-six potential export destinations. This study evaluated each of the fifteen product categories corresponding to SITC 0577 on an HS level. to determine the product with the most potential for export success for the South African economy. This was achieved by employing a quantitative approach to construct a composite index. The composite export potential index comprised three sub indices: South Africa's export performance index. the world markets index and the production index. Based on an export potential index score of 4.16. macadamia nuts, classified under nuts not else specified (nes). were identified as the product with the highest potential for export success. Once the product with the highest export potential had been identified. trade and market access statistics were analysed to determine a target market with the highest import potential for South African macadamia nuts. Germany was selected from a group potential target markets as the target market for South African macadamia nuts based on an analysis of market size, growth trends, share in the world market trade, and market accessibility. Thereafter, a survey was conducted through unstructured telephone interviews and from secondary sources of information. The survey determined the market entry requirements, consumption trends and price information for South African exporters of macadamia nuts to Germany. This information was compiled into a market profile to provide exporters of macadamia nuts with essential market information on the German market.
Thesis (M.Com. (International Commerce))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2010.

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Silva, Flavio Alves da. "Estudo da aplicação de energia de microondas na secagem da noz macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia Maiden & Betche)". [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/255311.

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Orientador: Antonio Marsaioli Junior
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T01:14:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_FlavioAlvesda_D.pdf: 2135599 bytes, checksum: 1cb50b2bea2c0d7059788a4f01434a15 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005
Doutorado
Doutor em Engenharia de Alimentos

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Chitundu, Elizabeth Malama. "Studies on the shelf life of macadamia nuts : thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science (Honours) in Food Science and Nutrition /". Richmond, N.S.W. : School of Food Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury, 1994. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030530.112709/index.html.

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Barbara, Mitchell. "Model and simulation development for the convective, hot-air drying of In-shell macadamia nuts". Thesis, Barbara, Mitchell (2018) Model and simulation development for the convective, hot-air drying of In-shell macadamia nuts. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 2018. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/44869/.

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The drying of agricultural food crops is an essential process in ensuring the safe and reliable delivery of produce to consumers. This is no less true for cultivated nuts, grains and seeds, which have a certain vulnerability to degradation under moist conditions. The macadamia nut is particularly susceptible to this issue, due to its high oil content and markedly slow drying characteristics, providing rancidity and disease with an opportunity to spoil the produce. In recent decades, the design of efficient industrial drying schemes has become a large focus for researchers, with many studies aiming to better describe the underlying physical processes in food drying. This dissertation details the design and implementation of a fundamental model and accompanying simulation for the drying of nut-in-shell macadamias, intended to aid a future control system design study. Research is given toward the macadamia industry, as well as some of the relevant physical properties of the nut. An extensive review is given on modelling, with particular importance placed on techniques used for the deep-bed drying of nuts, grains and seeds. Control system architecture is briefly discussed, but is not the primary focus of this report. Verification of work done by prior researchers is carried out, before then deriving a comprehensive deep-bed drying model for macadamias. Crucial aspects toward how such a model is adapted into a MATLAB simulation is given, without intending to become an extensive review on software design. A robust and thorough model verification procedure is conducted, to prove that the final simulation does indeed successfully suit the purposes of control system design.

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Saunders, Thomas Philip. "Inactivation Of Salmonella And Surrogate Bacteria On Cashews And Macadamia Nuts Exposed To Saturated Steam And Propylene Oxide Treatments". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/86138.

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Saturated steam (SS) and propylene oxide (PPO) fumigation are two common methods to improve microbiological quality and safety of tree nuts. Validation of these processes is needed to ensure adequate control of bacterial pathogens. Since pathogens cannot be studied in food processing environments, surrogates with resistance comparable to the pathogens needed to be identified. The objective was to investigate the suitability of Enterococcus faecium, Pediococcus acidilactici, and Staphylococcus carnosus as surrogate bacteria for Salmonella spp. on whole cashews and macadamia nuts, processed with SS or PPO. Whole cashews and macadamia nuts were co-inoculated with a cocktail of Salmonella enterica and one of the three potential surrogates. Nuts were dried to original aw, packaged in poly-woven bags (2.3 kg) and commercially processed using vacuum assisted steam at 80 ͦ C or PPO fumigation. Salmonella and the potential surrogates were enumerated by serial dilution, and plated onto TSA with overlay of XLT-4 (Salmonella) or media selective for the potential surrogates. Mean log reductions (CFU/g) of Salmonella and each potential surrogate were compared using a paired T-test. SS results: reduction of Salmonella (6.0 ± 0.14) was significantly larger than E. faecium (4.3± 0.12), or P. acidilactici (3.7± 0.14) on whole cashews. Salmonella (5.9 ± 0.18) was significantly larger than P. acidilactici (4.4± 0.18) on whole macadamia nuts. PPO results: reduction of Salmonella (7.3 ± 0.19) was significantly greater than E. faecium (6.4± 0.31), or P. acidilactici (6.3± 0.33) on whole macadamia nuts. Reduction of Salmonella was significantly greater than E. faecium and P. acidilactici reduction on cashews. P. acidilactici may be considered a surrogate for Salmonella reduction on whole macadamia nuts and whole cashews processed using SS at 80 ͦ C. E. faecium and P. acidilactici may be considered surrogates for Salmonella reduction on whole macadamia nuts and whole cashews processed using PPO. Reduction of St. carnosus exceeded that of Salmonella indicating it is not a suitable surrogate for Salmonella using either processing intervention.
Master of Science in Life Sciences

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Eliasson, Hanna. "Development of immunological methods and Real-Time PCR for detection of Macadamia nut (Macadamia spp.)". Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-6150.

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A new European labeling directive (2003/89/EC) states that certain foods and products derived thereof must always be declared. Among the tree nuts specified is Macadamia nut (Macadamia spp.). During the last few years, cases of IgE-allergic reactions, even severe anaphylaxes, have been reported. Reliable methods for the detection of this nut are needed.

Protein from Macadamia nuts was isolated. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in SDS revealed two main protein bands of about 20 and 50kDa. These protein bands were cut and extracted from the gel and rabbits were immunized with each protein.

Immunoblotting showed dominant reactivity with the respective antigens. The antisera were further tested for specificity in immunodiffusion and in rocket immunoelectrophoresis.

In addition, a specific DNA-method was developed, based on Real-Time PCR using Macadamia vicilin as target sequence. Two different primer pairs were tested. Specificity was tested against potentially related nuts. Optimisation of primer and probe concentrations was performed. The limit of detection was 2-4 pg DNA, corresponding to a macadamia nut concentration of 50 to 100 μg per g. In a background of soybean DNA, down to 0,01 % macadamia DNA could be detected.

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Libri sul tema "Macadamia nuts"

The Mauna Loa macadamia cooking treasury. Berkeley, Calif: Celestial Arts, 1998.

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The Mauna Loa macadamia cookbook. Berkeley, CA: Celestial Arts, 1998.

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United States International Trade Commission. Macadamia nuts: Economic and competitive factors affecting the U.S. industry : report on investigation no. 332-320 under section 332(g) of the Tariff Act of 1930. Washington, DC: U.S. International Trade Commission, 1992.

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Hancock, W. M. Macadamia reference manual: Macadamia integrifolia. [Blantyre, Malawi]: Tree Nut Authority, 1991.

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History of the macadamia nut industry in Hawai'i, 1881-1981: From Bush nut to gourmet's delight. Lewiston, N.Y: E. Mellen Press, 1994.

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Maina, Anthony. Macadamia production and market organization study in Kenya. Nairobi, Kenya: Regional Land Management Unit, Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, 1999.

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Amanchi, Karaxilio Nara. Healthiest Nuts: Almonds, Walnuts, Cashews, Macadamia Nuts, Pecans, Pistachios, Brazilian Nuts, Hazelnut, Chestnuts, Peanuts. Independently Published, 2021.

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Parker, Philip M. The 2007-2012 World Outlook for Macadamia Nuts. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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Jones, Vincent P. Macadamia integrated pest management: IPM of insects and mites attacking macadamia nuts in Hawaii. College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2002.

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Parker, Philip M. The 2007-2012 Outlook for Macadamia Nuts in India. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Macadamia nuts"

Wessell, Adele. "Unsettling the History of Macadamia Nuts in Northern New South Wales". In Food and Identity in a Globalising World, 109–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-96268-5_6.

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Du, Li-Qing, Xing-Hao Tu, Fu Qiong, Xi-Xiang Shuai, Zhang Ming, Zhang Ming e Fei-Yue Ma. "Effects of storage temperatures on the nutrition quality of Macadamia nuts during long-term storage". In Advances in Energy Science and Equipment Engineering II, 45–48. Taylor & Francis Group, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315116167-11.

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Bährle-Rapp, Marina. "Macadamia nut oil". In Springer Lexikon Kosmetik und Körperpflege, 334. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71095-0_6175.

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Topp, Bruce L., Catherine J. Nock, Craig M. Hardner, Mobashwer Alam e Katie M. O’Connor. "Macadamia (Macadamia spp.) Breeding". In Advances in Plant Breeding Strategies: Nut and Beverage Crops, 221–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23112-5_7.

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Gwaltney-Brant, Sharon M. "Macadamia Nuts". In Small Animal Toxicology, 817–21. Elsevier, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b0-72-160639-3/50058-7.

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Gwaltney-Brant, Sharon M. "Macadamia Nuts". In Small Animal Toxicology, 625–27. Elsevier, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-4557-0717-1.00056-9.

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Duke, James A. "MACADAMIA INTEGRIFOLIA Maiden & Betche, MACADAMIA TETRAPHYLLA L. Johnson (PROTEACEAE) — Macadamia Nuts, Australian Nuts". In Handbook of Nuts, 207–9. CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203752685-79.

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Duke, James A. "Macadamia Integrifolia Maiden & Betche, MACADAMIA TETRAPHYLLA L. Johnson (PROTEACEAE) — Macadamia Nuts, Australian Nuts". In CRC Handbook of Nuts, 207–9. CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351071130-79.

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Graciela Mereles, Laura, Mario Smidt, Karen Patricia Martínez, Eva Eugenia Soledad Coronel, Edelira Velázquez e Laura Correa. "Challenges and Advances in the Production of Export-Quality Macadamia and Its Integral Use with Green Technologies". In Tropical Plant Species [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.105000.

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Macadamia nut is an alternative crop for agricultural production in tropical Latin American countries. Its cultivation in itself constitutes a challenge for countries with high relative humidity temperatures, especially in the postharvest period. Environmentally friendly technologies suggest a comprehensive nut in shell (NIS) and kernels treatment, taking advantage of the waste generated in the drying process, critical point. This chapter explores the methods of the literature and those applied in local research for the integral use, drying of macadamia nuts, and their processing until obtaining products of high nutritional quality (dried nut and oil) and with clean technologies applicable to small producers.

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Manners, John, Ken Goulter, Kemal Kazan e John Marcus. "Antimicrobial Peptides from Macadamia Nuts". In Transgenic Plants and Crops. CRC Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203910979.ch50.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Macadamia nuts"

Yunyang Wang, Li Zhang, Juming Tang e Shaojin Wang. "Radio frequency assisted with hot air drying protocol and uniformity of in-shell Macadamia nuts". In 2013 Kansas City, Missouri, July 21 - July 24, 2013. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aim.20131596925.

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Mathivha, F. I., P. M. Kundu, J. O. Odiyo e R. Makungo. "Utilization and management of irrigation water for sustainable farming of Macadamia nuts in Piesanghoek cropland in Limpopo Province, South Africa". In SUSTAINABLE IRRIGATION 2012. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/si120221.

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Tu, Xinghao, Hong Chen e Liqing Du. "Preparation and physicochemical of microemulsion based on macadamia nut oil". In ADVANCES IN ENERGY SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENT ENGINEERING II: Proceedings of 2nd International Workshop on Advances in Energy Science and Environment Engineering (AESEE 2018). Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5029754.

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Sangsuriyun, Montri, e Sawinee Sangsuriyun. "Response Optimization of Macadamia Nut Sorting Machine with Vibration System". In 2021 9th International Conference on Control, Mechatronics and Automation (ICCMA). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccma54375.2021.9646201.

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Girdis, Jordan, Gwénaëlle Proust, Andy Dong e Sandra Löschke. "Upcycling Macadamia Nut Shells: Investigating the Effects of Particle Size and Moisture Content on the Properties of Macadamia Nutshell-Polymer Composite Filaments for 3D Printed Elements". In 5th Annual International Conference on Architecture and Civil Engineering (ACE 2017). Global Science & Technology Forum (GSTF), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5176/2301-394x_ace17.95.

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Rahman, Anisur, Qifang Wu, Han Chang, Shuai Wang, Jinshan Yan e Huirong Xu. "<i>Assessment of Intact Macadamia Nut Internal Defects Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy</i>". In 2020 ASABE Annual International Virtual Meeting, July 13-15, 2020. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aim.202000321.

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Vucane, Sanita, Ingmars Cinkmanis, Lauris Leitans e Martins Sabovics. "The authenticity of vegetable oil using smartphone-based image". In Research for Rural Development 2022 : annual 28th international scientific conference proceedings. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/rrd.28.2022.018.

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Chlorophylls, tocopherols, and phenolic compounds are fluorescent substances found in vegetable oils. As a result, fluorescence analysis can be used to authenticate vegetable oils in a simple, effective, and non-destructive manner. The goal of the study was to determine the authenticity of vegetable oil using smartphone-based image analysis in fluorescence light. The image was taken with a Huawei P30 Lite and saved as an 8-bit JPG file. Mactronic PHH0062 390 nm-LED flashlight was employed as a light source. Due to the Hue spectral histograms, the image was analyzed in the HSV (Hue, Saturation, Value) color model. Eleven vegetable oils were chosen for testing: sea buckthorn, sunflower, rice, macadamia nut, hemp, corn, grape, linseed, rapeseed, olive, and milk thistle. Because vegetable oils have a diverse Hue spectrum, fluorescence examination can be used to verify their authenticity.

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Mwakalesi, Alinanuswe J., e Magori Nyangi. "Effective Corrosion Inhibition of Mild Steel in an Acidic Environment Using an Aqueous Extract of Macadamia Nut Green Peel Biowaste". In ASEC 2022. Basel Switzerland: MDPI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/asec2022-13804.

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Kim, In-Hwan, Dongchan Oh e Suhyeon Choi. "Production of value-added oleochemicals via Eversa immobilized lipase-catalyzed esterification". In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/lqbh2911.

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Eversa lipase (from Themomyces lanuginosus) as a liquid type was developed to produce biodiesel. In our previous study, diisononyl adipate was effectively synthesized with an immobilized lipase prepared from Eversa lipase using Lewatit VP OC 1600 as a carrier. In this study, two oleochemicals, palmitoleic acid rich triacylglycerol (TAG) and 2-ethylhexyl palmitate, were successfully synthesized by Eversa immobilized lipase-catalyzed esterification. The palmitoleic acid rich TAG was synthesized from macadamia nut oil via two-step enzymatic reactions, which are C. rugosa lipase-catalyzed hydrolysis and Eversa immobilized lipase-catalyzed esterification. 2-Ethylhexyl palmitate, which is widely used as a cosmetic ingredient, was synthesized from 2-ethylhexanol and palmitic acid in a solvent-free system via Eversa immobilized lipase-catalyzed esterification. In both studies, Eversa immobilized lipase exhibited significantly higher activity for the synthesis of 2-ethylhexyl palmitate than Novozym 435, which is known as a commercial lipase with substantially high activity for esterification. In addition, Eversa immobilized lipase exhibited similar activity for the synthesis of palmitoleic acid rich TAG compared to the Novozym 435.

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Vucane, Sanita, Martins Sabovics, Lauris Leitans e Ingmars Cinkmanis. "Smartphone-based colorimetric determination of DPPH free radical scavenging activity in vegetable oils". In Research for Rural Development 2020. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/rrd.26.2020.016.

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Free radicals can rapidly and irreversibly oxidize various structures, including unsaturated fatty acids in vegetable oils, which affect the sensory properties. Spectrophotometry is the most widely used method for the determination of free radical scavenging activity (RSA) using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Barrier to the further use of classical analytical methods to analyze biologically active compounds in foodstuffs is that equipment requires high cost and has limited mobility. One of solutions is to replace classical methods, such as spectroscopy, with smartphonebased colorimetry. Huawei P30 Lite smartphone was used for colorimetric detection. The free radical scavenging activity (RSA) in vegetable oil was detected using an application ‘Color Picker’, with image matching algorithm for red, green, and blue (RGB) model. RSA was expressed as percentage and measured by the DPPH method. The aim of the study was to determinate the total free radical scavenging activity with smartphone-based colorimetry. For the data comparison and accuracy spectrophotometer as analytical optical instrument was used. Eleven vegetable oils: sea buckthorn, sunflower, rice, macadamia nut, hemp, corn, grape, linseed, rapeseed, olive and milk thistle oils were selected for analysis. The best results with no significant differences (p>0.05) compared to smartphone-based colorimetry from spectrophotometry were determined using RG values. The poor results were detected by using B value (p<0.05) and were not suitable for determination of RSA. Smartphone-based colorimetry can be used in the determination of the RSA in vegetable oils.

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