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1
Bielski, Wojciech, Michał Książkiewicz, Denisa Šimoníková, Eva Hřibová, Karolina Susek e Barbara Naganowska. "The Puzzling Fate of a Lupin Chromosome Revealed by Reciprocal Oligo-FISH and BAC-FISH Mapping". Genes 11, n. 12 (10 dicembre 2020): 1489. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes11121489.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Old World lupins constitute an interesting model for evolutionary research due to diversity in genome size and chromosome number, indicating evolutionary genome reorganization. It has been hypothesized that the polyploidization event which occurred in the common ancestor of the Fabaceae family was followed by a lineage-specific whole genome triplication (WGT) in the lupin clade, driving chromosome rearrangements. In this study, chromosome-specific markers were used as probes for heterologous fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to identify and characterize structural chromosome changes among the smooth-seeded (Lupinus angustifolius L., Lupinus cryptanthus Shuttlew., Lupinus micranthus Guss.) and rough-seeded (Lupinus cosentinii Guss. and Lupinus pilosus Murr.) lupin species. Comparative cytogenetic mapping was done using FISH with oligonucleotide probes and previously published chromosome-specific bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones. Oligonucleotide probes were designed to cover both arms of chromosome Lang06 of the L. angustifolius reference genome separately. The chromosome was chosen for the in-depth study due to observed structural variability among wild lupin species revealed by BAC-FISH and supplemented by in silico mapping of recently released lupin genome assemblies. The results highlighted changes in synteny within the Lang06 region between the lupin species, including putative translocations, inversions, and/or non-allelic homologous recombination, which would have accompanied the evolution and speciation.
2
Mauer, Oldřich, Dušan Vavříček e Eva Palátová. "Assessing the influence of the Lupinus genus in the biological reclamation of sites degraded by whole-area dozer soil treatment". Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 61, n. 3 (2013): 711–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201361030711.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The paper deals with possibilities of using the blue lupine (Lupinus angustifolius L.), white lupine (Lupinus albus L.) and garden lupine (Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl) in the biological reclamation of sites degraded by whole-area dozer soil treatment.The lupines were sown into strips or broadcast. The effect of lupines onto the growth and health condition of the young plantations of Norway spruce, European beech and Scots pine was studied together with their influence on the site soil characteristics. The experiment showed that the sowing of lupine favourably affected biometrical characteristics of newly planted trees. Even though the soil humus content did not increase in the experimental period of 5 years, the nitrogen nutrition as well as the nutrition with other biogenic elements improved and the symptoms of chlorosis were eliminated. In the conditions of the Krušné hory Mts., the lupines can produce up to 3.6 tons of biomass dry matter and favourably affect the nutrition of planted trees.
3
Susek, Karolina, Wojciech Bielski, Katarzyna B. Czyż, Robert Hasterok, Scott A. Jackson, Bogdan Wolko e Barbara Naganowska. "Impact of Chromosomal Rearrangements on the Interpretation of Lupin Karyotype Evolution". Genes 10, n. 4 (1 aprile 2019): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes10040259.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Plant genome evolution can be very complex and challenging to describe, even within a genus. Mechanisms that underlie genome variation are complex and can include whole-genome duplications, gene duplication and/or loss, and, importantly, multiple chromosomal rearrangements. Lupins (Lupinus) diverged from other legumes approximately 60 mya. In contrast to New World lupins, Old World lupins show high variability not only for chromosome numbers (2n = 32–52), but also for the basic chromosome number (x = 5–9, 13) and genome size. The evolutionary basis that underlies the karyotype evolution in lupins remains unknown, as it has so far been impossible to identify individual chromosomes. To shed light on chromosome changes and evolution, we used comparative chromosome mapping among 11 Old World lupins, with Lupinus angustifolius as the reference species. We applied set of L. angustifolius-derived bacterial artificial chromosome clones for fluorescence in situ hybridization. We demonstrate that chromosome variations in the species analyzed might have arisen from multiple changes in chromosome structure and number. We hypothesize about lupin karyotype evolution through polyploidy and subsequent aneuploidy. Additionally, we have established a cytogenomic map of L. angustifolius along with chromosome markers that can be used for related species to further improve comparative studies of crops and wild lupins.
4
Święcicki, Wojciech, Katarzyna Czepiel, Paulina Wilczura, Paweł Barzyk, Zygmunt Kaczmarek e Magdalena Kroc. "Chromatographic Fingerprinting of the Old World Lupins Seed Alkaloids: A Supplemental Tool in Species Discrimination". Plants 8, n. 12 (27 novembre 2019): 548. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants8120548.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The total contents and qualitative compositions of alkaloids in seeds of 10 Old World lupin species (73 accessions) were surveyed using gas chromatography. The obtained results, combined with those for three lupin crops, Lupinus angustifolius, Lupinus albus, and Lupinus luteus, provide the most complete and up-to-date overview of alkaloid profiles of 13 lupin species originating from the Mediterranean Basin. The qualitative alkaloid compositions served as useful supplementary tools of species discrimination. On the basis of the most abundant major alkaloids, lupanine, lupinine, and multiflorine, the Old World lupin species were divided into four groups. Those containing lupanine (L. angustifolius, L. albus, and Lupinus mariae-josephi), containing lupinine (Lupinus luteus, Lupinus hispanicus, and Lupinus × hispanicoluteus), containing lupinine and multiflorine (Lupinus atlanticus, Lupinus palaestinus, Lupinus anatolicus, Lupinus digitatus, Lupinus pilosus, and Lupinus cosentinii), and containing multiflorine (Lupinus micranthus). Within a given group, certain species can be, in most cases, further distinguished by the presence of other major alkaloids. The discrimination of species based on the total alkaloid content was found to be less reliable because of the significant intra-species variations, as well as the influences of environmental factors on the seed alkaloid content.
5
Plessner, O., A. Dovrat e Y. Chen. "Tolerance to iron deficiency of lupins grown on calcareous soils". Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 43, n. 5 (1992): 1187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9921187.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Lupins differ in their efficiency to utilize Fe3+ in soils containing CaCO3. Most lupin species are susceptible to Fe deficiency. The objective of this study was to screen different lupin species, including introduced cultivars and wild types collected in Israel, for susceptibility to Fe deficiency. In a greenhouse experiment, inoculated seedlings, 7 to 10 days old, were planted in 1 L pots filled with a mountain rendzina soil from Emek Haela (pH=7.3, CaCO3- 45%), or with a brown-red sandy-loam soil from Rehovot (pH=7.7) not containing CaCO3. On the calcareous soil, susceptible lupin plants from day 7 onward showed various degrees of chlorosis, suggesting Fe deficiency, which at a later stage caused reduction of growth, necrosis of the leaf tissue, leaf abscission and ultimately death of the plants. Soil application of FeEDDHA resulted in an immediate remedy of the deficiency symptoms. No deficiency symptoms were observed on plants growing on the sandy-loam soil lacking CaCO3. Ranking of lupins based on visual symptoms of Fe deficiency and on chlorophyll concentration of young leaves relative to their tolerance to soil lime was as follows (location of source plants in brackets). Very good: Lupinus pilosw (Emek Haela), L. cosentinii cv. Erregulla and L. angustifolfus cv. Yorrel. Moderate L. angustifolius cv. Illyarrie. Low L. palaestinus (Gesher Haziv), L. albus cv. L221, L. angustifolius (Gesher Haziv). Very low: L. angustifolius (Givat Brenner), L. palaestinus (Rehovot). The need for further exploration of wild lime-resistant genotypes is emphasized.
6
Castillo, Rafael Fernández, Raquel García Pérez, Ana González Díaz e Antonio Liñán González. "Therapeutic Applications and Effects of Lupinus angustifolius (Blue Lupin) and Its Components: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis". Foods 12, n. 14 (19 luglio 2023): 2749. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12142749.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Lupinus angustifolius has a unique nutrient profile among legumes and may have beneficial health effects when included in the diet. The aim of this study was to investigate the biological properties of blue lupin (Lupinus angustifolius), its chemical components, and their relevance for monitoring biological and anthropometric health markers, including triglycerides (TGs), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), BMI, weight, and glycemia, compared with control groups with other kinds of diets. PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases, updated to December 2023, were searched. Out of the 194 studies identified, a total of 7 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comprising 302 participants met the eligibility criteria. The results of our study indicated that the blue lupin diet has a direct relationship with parameters such as blood glucose, weight, and LDL-C but not with TGs or BMI. In conclusion, the research described in this review clearly indicates that L. angustifolius may play an important role in the dietary prevention of hyperlipidemia and hypertension. Therefore, it would be highly advisable to increase its consumption in diets. However, further studies, ideally in humans, are required to truly establish L. angustifolius’s health-promoting properties.
7
Miao, Z. H., J. A. Fortune e J. Gallagher. "The potential of two rough-seeded lupin species (Lupinus pilosus and L. atlanticus) as supplementary feed for sheep". Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 52, n. 6 (2001): 615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar99142.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The rough-seeded lupins are better adapted to alkaline soils than the domesticated lupins currently in use in commercial agriculture in southern Australia. Lupinus pilosus and L. atlanticus are two species of rough-seeded lupins that are undergoing domestication, and could be very valuable for sheep as a supplementary feed. However, there is little information on the nutritive value of these lupins. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the nutritive value of L. pilosus and L. atlanticus, compared with L. angustifolius, which is widely used as an animal feed in Australia. The results showed that the rough-seeded lupins examined had larger seeds, a greater proportion of seed coat in the whole seed, and a higher fibre content in the seed coat than domesticated lupins. Nitrogen (N) content in the kernel of the various lupin species was similar. The high fibre content in seed coat did not appear to limit the digestion of the seeds by sheep as demonstrated by the high potential degradability of seed dry matter (DM) for all lupin species. There were no significant differences betweenL. pilosus,L. atlanticus, andL. angustifolius as a supplementary feed provided at low levels in DM digestibility (DMD), apparent energy digestibility (AED), and N-balance, suggesting that L. pilosus and L. atlanticus could be used in place of L. angustifolius. AlsoL. atlanticus could be substituted for L. angustifolius at high levels of supplementation as there were no differences in DMD, AED, apparent N digestibility, and N-balance when these species were fed to sheep as a supplement to barley straw. Supplementation with lupin seed at 150 g/day significantly improved DM intake by 195 g/day, DMD by 8.7, and AED by 11.4 percentage units. However, a high level of lupin supplementation in a diet based on barley straw did not increase DMD and AED of the diet.
8
Wink, Michael. "Site of Lupanine and Sparteine Biosynthesis in Intact Plants and in vitro Organ Cultures". Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 42, n. 7-8 (1 agosto 1987): 868–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1987-7-823.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
[14C]Cadaverine was applied to leaves of Lupinus polyphyllus, L. albas, L. angustifolius, L. perennis, L. mutabilis, L. pubescens, and L. hartwegii and it was preferentially incorporated into lupanine. In Lupinus arboreus sparteine was the main labelled alkaloid, in L. hispanicus it was lupinine. A pulse chase experiment with L. angustifolius and L. arboreus showed that the incorporation of cadaverine into lupanine and sparteine was transient with a maximum between 8 and 20 h. Only leaflets and chlorophyllous petioles showed active alkaloid biosynthesis, whereas no incorporation of cadaverine into lupanine was observed in roots. Using in vitro organ cultures of Lupinus polyphyllus, L. succulentus, L. subcarnosus, Cytisus scoparius and Laburnum anagyroides the inactivity of roots was confirmed. Therefore, the green aerial parts are the major site of alkaloid biosynthesis in lupins and in other legumes.
9
Hamblin, J., R. Delane, A. Bishop e G. Adam. "The yield of wheat following lupins: effects of different lupin genotypes and management". Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 44, n. 4 (1993): 645. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9930645.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
More nitrogen is fixed by grain lupins (Lupinus sp.) than is removed in the harvested grain. Differences in residual N after different lupin species and genotypes (L. albus, L. cosentinii, L. angustifolius) and different agronomic treatments (harvesting, sowing dates, sowing rates and fertilizer treatments) were estimated using a simple nitrogen (N) balance. For six experiments, the relationship between the estimated residual N value and the yield of the following wheat crop was also examined. L. albus grew poorly on the infertile sandy soils and had the lowest estimated residual N value, whereas L. cosentinii had a high estimated residual N value and L. angustifolius was intermediate. Across sites and seasons, the estimated residual N value of L. angustifolius varied from 37 to 165 kg N/ha. For an individual experiment the greatest range for L. angustifolius was from 59 to 114 kg N/ha. Despite the wide range in residual N across genotypes, there was a poor relationship between estimated residual N value and yield of the following wheat crop. Except for lupin crops which grew poorly, the impact of agronomic treatment on the residual N from lupins had little effect on yield of the following wheat. On the basis of these results there seems to be no reason to manage the lupin crop for high residual N value, and any improvements to the nitrogen harvest index of lupins through breeding or management are not expected to reduce the residual effect.
10
Marley, C. L., R. Fychan, V. J. Theobald, D. R. W. Davies, R. Sanderson, M. T. Abberton e D. R. Davies. "The effects of incorporating either lupins or soya bean meal into concentrate diets when compared with a control concentrate diet on the performance and carcase characteristics of finishing lambs". Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2009 (aprile 2009): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s175275620002891x.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Soya bean (Glycine max) meal is an important component of animal feed and oil seed rape and palm kernel cake and meal are typically used in commercial concentrate diets for sheep in the UK.. Lupins (Lupinus; Leguminosae) as a high protein, high energy, nitrogen-fixing grain legume, have potential as a home-grown livestock feed in the UK (Wilkins and Jones, 2000). Research has been conducted on the effects of narrow-leafed lupins (Lupinus angustifolius) (Hill, 2005) but there have been few studies on the effects of yellow lupins (Lupinus luteus) when fed to sheep. This study investigated the effects of incorporating either yellow lupins, narrow-leaf lupins or soya bean meal into the concentrate diets of finishing lambs on lamb productivity and carcass characteristics when compared to a commercial UK lamb finisher diet.
11
Hanczakowska, Ewa, Jerzy Księżak e Małgorzata Świątkiewicz. "Efficiency of lupine seed (Lupinus angustifolium and Lupinus luteus) in sow, piglet and fattener feeding". Agricultural and Food Science 26, n. 1 (3 aprile 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.23986/afsci.59407.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The possibility to replace a part of soybean meal in sow, piglet and growing finishing pig feed by high and low alkaloid varieties of two species of lupines was examined in this study. 50 Polish Landrace sows and their progeny were allocated to 5 groups. Two varieties of Lupinus angustifolius: low (Graf) in group II and high alkaloid (Karo) in group III and Lupinus luteus: low- (Mister) in group IV and high alkaloid (Parys) in group V, partly replaced soybean meal (control). Apparent digestibility was evaluated using the same feeds on 30 barrows: around 40 kg (grower) and 80 kg (finisher). Litter weight of piglets from lupine groups was significantly lower than that from control group. Between 35th and 84 day piglet fed with low-alkaloid lupine (Graf) gained better than others and than soybean meal. Feed enzyme supplement has only limited effect on piglet and growing pig performance. During the whole fattening period there was no significant difference in weight gains except group fed high-alkaloid cv. Karo which was the worst. Meat of pigs fed with lupines was poorer in PUFA n-3 than control. Results suggest low alkaloid varieties of blue and yellow lupine, given in moderate amount, give similar results in growing pig feeding than soybean meal but meat quality is lower.
12
Agafonova, Svetlana Viktorovna, e Artem Igorevich Rykov. "CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SEEDS OF PLANTS LUPINUS ANGUSTIFOLIUS L. AND LUPINUS ALBUS L. OF THE KALININGRAD REGION". chemistry of plant raw material, n. 3 (27 settembre 2021): 135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.2021038358.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The aim of the work was to study the chemical composition of seeds of plants Lupinus albus L., Lupinus angustifolius L., growing in the Kaliningrad region. Lupin is a promising crop due to the high content of biologically valuable protein in its seeds, as well as minerals, unsaturated fatty acids, water - and fat-soluble biologically active substances. The paper considers the amino acid, mineral, and fatty acid composition of seeds, presents data on the content of water-soluble vitamins in them, and shows the component composition of chloroform extracts of seeds.
The total number of amino acids (47.72±0.37 and 38.655±0.32%, respectively) was found in the seeds of narrow-leaved and white lupine, and a high content of glutamic acid and asparagine was found. The macronutrient composition, which is dominated by potassium, phosphorus and calcium, was studied. Among the microelements of seeds, manganese, iron, zinc and silicon predominate. A particularly high content of manganese in white lupin seeds (192.14±1.67 mg per 100 g) was noted. Analysis of the fatty acid composition of lupin seed oils showed a high degree of unsaturation with a high content of oleic and linoleic acids. Both types of lupine contain thiamine, pyridoxine, and niacin, while white lupine seeds also contain Pantothenic and folic acids. Сhromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of the fraction isolated by chloroform from lupine seeds showed the presence of substances of the terpenes class (farnesene, neofitadiene, γ-tocopherol) and steriodic alcohols (campesterol, β-sitosterol).
13
Clements, JC, PF White e BJ Buirchell. "The root morphology of Lupinus angustifolius in relation to other Lupinus species". Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 44, n. 6 (1993): 1367. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9931367.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Commercial L. angustifolius cultivation is restricted to acid to neutral coarse-textured soils in Australia. An unsuitable root system may be part of the reason for the poor performance on fine-textured or alkaline soils. As a first step to examine this question plants of 12 annual Lupinus species were grown in a coarse soil with the aim of describing the range of root morphologies within the genus and to compare these to commercial L. angustifolius. A wide range of rooting patterns were observed. The differences in the dominance of the taproot was pronounced between species. The commercial genotype of L. angustifolius occupied an extreme within the range of root morphologies of the species. Roots of L. angustifolius consisted of a dominant taproot and a relatively high number of primary lateral roots but few secondary roots. In contrast, the primary, secondary and tertiary lateral roots of L. pilosus, L. mutabilis, L. atlanticus, L. palaestinus and L. micranthus were more dominant than the taproot. The length and distribution of primary lateral roots along the taproot also varied between species. The number of primary lateral roots fell rapidly with depth in L. angustifolius and L. mutabilis, while the other species had a more even distribution. L. angustifolius had a less extensive root system and relatively thick roots when compared to species such as L. albus and L. mutabilis. L. luteus also had relatively thick roots. The relatively thick roots and less extensive lateral root system in commercial L. angustifolius may partially explain its poor growth on fine-textured soils, where a greater proliferation of finer, lateral roots may be necessary. Proteoid root formation was observed for L. albus, L. cosentinii, L. pilosus, L. palaestinus, L. micranthus, L. digitatus, L. princei and L. atlanticus. They were particularly numerous in L. micranthus and L. albus. The structure of proteoid root clusters varied between species.
14
White, PF, e AD Robson. "Lupin species and peas vary widely in their sensitivity to Fe deficiency". Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 40, n. 3 (1989): 539. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9890539.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Variation exists between lupins and peas and between species of lupins in their performance on fine-textured alkaline soils. Two species of lupins (Lupinus angustifolus, L. cosentinii) and peas (Pisum sativum) were grown on a fine-textured alkaline soil under conditions conducive to Fe deficiency to determine whether differences between species could be related to susceptibility to Fe deficiency.Treatments induced severe Fe deficiency and markedly reduced growth of L. angustifolius, had only a moderate effect on L. cosentinii, and had no effect on P. sativum. Poor growth and symptoms were closely related to Fe concentrations within the leaves of plants.Lupins and peas therefore vary markedly in their tolerance to Fe deficiency, which is possibly related to their ability to produce reactions around their roots which make Fe available for uptake.
15
Monteiro, M. R. P., F. D. Alves e M. R. Silva. "Evaluation of technological properties of lupine flour (Lupinus albus and Lupinus angustifolius)". Scientific Electronic Archives 13, n. 5 (29 aprile 2020): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.36560/1352020882.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The lupine has great potential for human nutritional supplementation, in addition to having lower concentrations of alkaloids than soybeans. It is easy to grow, low-cost and is being studied as a way to improve the nutritional value of some food products. To carry out all analyzes were used seeds of Lupinus angustifolius and Lupinus albus, provided by the Agronomic Institute of Paraná - IAPAR. It was determined, as of the lupine seed flour: the composition, solubility, emulsifying capacity, foaming capacity and foam stability. The white lupine had significantly higher percentage of lipids (10.57%) compared to the values of blue (4.20%). Still, the white lupine had a higher percentage of protein (35.45%), although its value is very close to that found in blue (32.48%). Was observed a value of 48.85% carbohydrates for white lupine and 58.90% for blue. As the ash, there was a similar value in both strains (3.9% for white lupine and 3.96% for blue). For moisture, had up 2.81% for white lupine and 1.27% for blue. Emulsifying capacity was higher in blue lupine (4.00 mL / g) than in white lupine (2.27 mL / g). As for the foaming capacity, there was greater capacity for blue lupine (5.54% growth, against 1.47% of white lupine). Finally, was observed higher foam stability in the white lupine. It is concluded that the lupine presents technological properties and chemical composition that makes it useful and their use justified by the food industry.
16
Hannam, RJ, RD Graham e JL Riggs. "Diagnosis and prognosis of manganese deficiency in Lupinus angustifolius L". Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 36, n. 6 (1985): 765. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9850765.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Relationships diagnostic of manganese (Mn) deficiency in Lupinus angustifolius were examined in growth chamber experiments by studying the effects of Mn supply on plant growth and on photosynthesis and Mn concentrations in young leaves and whole shoots. A critical Mn concentration in youngest fully expanded leaves (YFEL) of 30 8g/g dry matter was found to be diagnostic of reduced dry matter production. A similar critical concentration was found for whole shoots, and the criteria were consistent over a wide range of ontogeny until at least early flowering. A less sensitive criterion of Mn deficiency was that for chlorophyll 'a' fluorescence characteristics of YFEL's (17 8g/g in YFEL), which estimates photosynthetic dysfunction in relation to Mn supply. The distal segments of lupin leaves best reflected changes in fluorescence in relation to their Mn status. The prognosis of impending Mn deficiency in maturing lupin plants was also examined in field and growth chamber experiments by studying the effects of Mn supply on the relationships between the concentrations of Mn in plant components at anthesis, and the subsequent appearance of Mn deficient ('split') seed on maturing plants. The absence of Mn deficient seed in main axis and first-order lateral inflorescences of maturing lupins could be predicted by Mn concentrations in stems at anthesis of >20 8g/g. Manganese concentrations of buds, leaves and tissues containing a high proportion of leaf, were found to be poor predictors of subsequent Mn deficiency in maturing lupins.
17
Spina, Alfio, Rosaria Saletti, Simona Fabroni, Antonio Natalello, Vincenzo Cunsolo, Michele Scarangella, Paolo Rapisarda, Michele Canale e Vera Muccilli. "Multielemental, Nutritional, and Proteomic Characterization of Different Lupinus spp. Genotypes: A Source of Nutrients for Dietary Use". Molecules 27, n. 24 (10 dicembre 2022): 8771. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27248771.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Among grain pulses, lupins have recently gained considerable interest for a number of attractive nutritional attributes relating to their high protein and dietary fiber and negligible starch contents. The seeds of Lupinus albus (cv. Multitalia and Luxor, and the Modica ecotype); L. luteus (cv. Dukat, Mister, and Taper); and L. angustifolius (cv. Sonet) analyzed in this study were deposited within the germplasm collection of the Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops of Acireale and were sowed in East Sicily in 2013/14. The collected seeds were analyzed for their multielemental micro- and macronutrient profiles, resulting in a wide variability between genotypes. Lupin seed flour samples were subjected to a defatting process using supercritical CO2, with oil yields dependent on the species and genotype. We determined the fatty acid profile and tocopherol content of the lupin oil samples, finding that the total saturated fatty acid quantities of different samples were very close, and the total tocopherol content was about 1500.00 µg/g FW. The proteomic analysis of the defatted lupin seed flours showed substantial equivalence between the cultivars of the same species of Lupinus albus and L. luteus. Moreover, the L. angustifolius proteome map showed the presence of additional spots in comparison to L. albus, corresponding to α-conglutins. Lupin, in addition to being a good source of mineral elements, also contributes vitamin E and, thanks to the very high content of gamma-tocopherols, demonstrates powerful antioxidant activity.
18
van Barneveld, Robert J. "Understanding the nutritional chemistry of lupin (Lupinus spp.) seed to improve livestock production efficiency". Nutrition Research Reviews 12, n. 2 (dicembre 1999): 203–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/095442299108728938.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractIn their raw, unprocessed form, lupins have many desirable characteristics for feeding both ruminants and single-stomached animals. An emphasis on these desirable characteristics when formulating diets, combined with an advanced knowledge of how components of lupins can influence nutritional value, will ensure they make a cost-effective contribution to livestock diets. The main lupin species used in livestock diets include Lupinus albus, L. angustifolius and L. luteus. Supplementation of ruminant diets with lupins has been shown to have many positive effects in terms of growth and reproductive efficiency, comparable with supplements of cereal grain. The true value of lupins in ruminants, however, can only be determined following a better definition of animal requirements and a closer match of ration specifications. Pigs can effectively utilize L. angustifolius and L. luteus, but detailed research has yet to reveal the reason for poor utilization of diets containing L. albus. Poultry can tolerate high levels of lupins in their diets but levels are often restricted to avoid problems associated with excess moisture in the excreta. Variable responses to enzymes have been observed when attempting to rectify this problem. Lupins have unique carbohydrate properties characterized by negligible levels of starch, high levels of soluble and insoluble NSP, and high levels of raffinose oligosaccharides, all of which can affect the utilization of energy and the digestion of other nutrients in the diet. In addition to carbohydrates, an understanding of lupin protein, lipid and mineral composition together with a knowledge of potential anti-nutritional compounds is required if the use of this legume is to be optimized.
19
Dunshea, F. R., N. J. Gannon, R. J. van Barneveld, B. P. Mullan, R. G. Campbell e R. H. King. "Dietary lupins (Lupinus angustifolius and Lupinus albus) can increase digesta retention in the gastrointestinal tract of pigs". Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 52, n. 5 (2001): 593. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar00081.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Lupins are high in crude protein, cell wall materials, and gross energy but uncertainty about the bioavailability of nutrients and adverse effects on feed intake limit their use in the pig industry. Three experiments were conducted to determine the effect of lupins on retention time in the digestive tract by determining the average time it took for ingested polyethylene beads to pass through the digestive tract of pigs fed wheat-based diets containing various lupin species and fractions. In Expt 1, pigs were restrictively fed (1.8 kg/day) diets containing either predominantly wheat or predominantly wheat plus 400 g/kg peas or L. angustifolius seeds or kernels. The retention times of diets containing 400 g/kg of L. angustifolius seeds or kernels were significantly greater than those containing wheat alone (66.4 and 64.3 v. 48.8 h, P < 0.05, s.e.d. = 7.7 h), while that for the diet containing 400 g/kg peas was intermediate (55.8 h). In Expt 2 and 3, pigs were fed 1 of 6 wheat-based diets balanced for digestible energy (DE) and amino acid composition and containing either animal protein or 350 g/kg of peas, and L. angustifolius seeds or kernels, or L. albus seeds and kernels. Pigs were restrictively fed (1.5 kg/day) for Expt 2 or fed ad libitum for Expt 3. The mean retention time of the L. albus diets was greater than the other diets in both experiments. Feed intake and daily gain were reduced in pigs fed diets containing L. albus. Despite having lower feed intakes, pigs fed diets containing L. albus had more digesta in the stomach and small intestine at slaughter than the pigs consuming the diets not containing lupins. Appropriate physical treatment or enzymatic supplementation of L. albus diets may alleviate some of the feed intake problems.
20
Tang, C., AD Robson, NE Longnecker e BJ Buirchell. "The growth of Lupinus species on alkaline soils". Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 46, n. 1 (1995): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9950255.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Lupinus angustifolius L. grows poorly on alkaline soils, particularly those that are fine-textured. This poor growth has been attributed to high concentrations of bicarbonate, high clay content and/or iron deficiency. In field studies, we examined the growth of 13 lupin genotypes reliant on N2 fixation, or receiving NH4N03, at four sites with various combinations of soil pH and texture. Plants grown on an alkaline clay and an alkaline sand showed iron chlorosis at early stages, and had a slower shoot growth than those grown on an acid loam or an acid sand. Species varied greatly in the severity of iron chlorosis and also in growth and seed yield, with L. angustifolius, L. luteus and L. albus more affected than L. pilosus, L. atlanticus and L. cosentinii. Rankings of growth and seed yield of the lupin genotypes on the alkaline clay correlated well with the rankings on the alkaline sand soil. Plants which had severe iron chlorosis in alkaline clay also had severe chlorosis in alkaline sands. However, correlation between the severity of iron chlorosis and early shoot growth was poor. The results suggest that high pH and/or high bicarbonate are more likely than soil texture to be the primary factors restricting the growth of commercial lupins.
21
Yagovenko, G. L., M. I. Lukashevich, P. A. Ageeva, N. V. Novik e N. V. Misnikova. "Evaluation of the modern lupine varieties developed in the All-Russian Lupin Scientific Research Institute". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1010, n. 1 (1 aprile 2022): 012096. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1010/1/012096.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract The article presents the researches of the Institute within the frame of the breeding program for three cultivated lupine species: Lupinus albus L., Lupinus angustifolius L. and Lupinus luteus L. The authors analyze and compare the modern varieties of the cultivated lupine species included to the State Register of Breeding Achievements of Russia for the complex of economic-and-biological characters. The narrow-leafed lupine is the most early ripening; it allows to grow it in the most northern regions. The yellow lupine is the most adapted to light sandy loam soils. Its protein content in seeds is 45-50%. The white lupine has the highest grain productivity (5-6 t/ha) among grain legumes crops. Its grain quality is close to soya one (protein and oil content is 36-40% and 9-12% respectively).
22
Tang, C., e N. C. Turner. "The influence of alkalinity and water stress on the stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rate and growth of Lupinus angustifolius L. and Lupinus pilosus Murr." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 39, n. 4 (1999): 457. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea98132.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
A glasshouse experiment examined the effect of water stress on the growth of Lupinus angustifolius L. and Lupinus pilosus Murr. grown on an acid sandy soil, a limed sandy soil and an alkaline clay soil. Decreasing soil water content decreased the stomatal conductance and photosynthetic rate, and reduced plant growth. The responses of both species to water stress were generally similar in the sand and limed soils, but in the alkaline soil, L. angustifolius grown with limited water had markedly lower conductances and photosynthetic rates than the plants in the other soils at equivalent soil water contents. In adequately watered plants, the lupin species differed substantially in their growth response to soil types. Whereas the growth of L. pilosus was unaffected, the shoot dry weight of L. angustifolius grown on the limed and alkaline soils for 25–44 days was reduced by 32–54 and 44–86%, respectively, compared with the growth in the acid soil. The poor growth of L. angustifolius appeared to be primarily due to its poor root growth. In the alkaline soil, water stress reduced rather than stimulated root growth. The results suggest that, in the field, the limited root growth of L. angustifolius on alkaline soils will exacerbate water deficits when the topsoil dries out in the latter part of the season.
23
TAKAGI, Kayoko, Takashi SUZUKI e Yukio SAITO. "Toxic Alkaloid Contents in Lupin Seed (Lupinus angustifolius)". Food Hygiene and Safety Science (Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi) 35, n. 4 (1994): 397–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.3358/shokueishi.35.397.
Testo completo
24
Hawthorne, WA, e JS Gladstones. "Lupinus angustifolius L. (narrow-leafed lupin) cv. Warrah". Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 29, n. 6 (1989): 911. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9890911.
Testo completo
25
Gladstones, JS. "Lupinus angustifolius L. (narrow-leafed lupin) cv. Gungurru". Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 29, n. 6 (1989): 913. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9890913.
Testo completo
26
Gladstones, JS. "Lupinus angustifolius L. (narrow-leafed lupin) cv. Yorrel". Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 29, n. 6 (1989): 915. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9890915.
Testo completo
27
Gladstones, JS. "Lupinus angustifolius L. (narrow-leafed lupin) cv. Merrit". Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 32, n. 2 (1992): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9920265.
Testo completo
28
Birchall, C., RS Jessop e PWG Sale. "Interaction effects of solution pH and calcium-concentration on Lupin (Lupinus-Angustifolius L) growth". Soil Research 33, n. 3 (1995): 505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9950505.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The effects of sand solution calcium (Ca) concentration and pH on the growth of narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) were examined in an attempt to assess the relative importance of these two soil factors. Two pH (6.5, 8.5) and three Ca concentration treatments (0.625, 6.25, 16.25 mM) were applied by growing lupin in columns of sand which were flushed regularly with otherwise complete nutrient solutions. Root and shoot weights 63 days after sowing were reduced by both increasing pH and increasing Ca concentration. The pH x Ca interaction effect on shoot weight suggested increasing Ca played an important role (which was greatest at pH 6.5) in reducing lupin growth. It was unlikely that growth was reduced by either disrupted iron (Fe) nutrition or poor nodulation of the lupins.
29
Jarecki, Wacław, e Dagmara Migut. "Comparison of Yield and Important Seed Quality Traits of Selected Legume Species". Agronomy 12, n. 11 (28 ottobre 2022): 2667. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12112667.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Legumes are of great economic importance. Depending on the species, they are cultivated for food, fodder, green manure, and even as ornamentals. Legume seeds contain many valuable nutrients and also anti-nutritional substances. The aim of the study is to compare important seed quality traits in pea (Pisum sativum L.), faba bean (Vicia faba L.), white lupin (Lupinus albus L.), narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.), and yellow lupine (Lupinus luteus L.) to soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). It was shown that the obtained parameters were significantly affected by the interaction of species with the years of study. Soybean was characterized by high seed and protein yield and favorable seed chemical composition (protein, fat, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, and micronutrients, except manganese). Faba bean yields were high but varied over the years. Faba bean seeds were rich in phosphorus and copper. Pea yielded satisfactorily, and the seeds contained high iron and low fiber contents. Of the three lupin species, white lupin yielded the highest, while narrow-leafed and yellow lupin yields were low. However, yellow lupin seeds had a favorable chemical composition because they were rich in protein, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, copper, and zinc. In conclusion, legumes are valued worldwide and could be a base for the development of many functional foods to promote human health.
30
Karpińska, B., K. Leśniewicz, G. Pietkiewicz e H. Augustyniak. "Organization of the 18S, 5S, 4S rRNA genes and the tRNA-like repeat in the mitochondrial genomes of three lupin species." Acta Biochimica Polonica 41, n. 4 (31 dicembre 1994): 433–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.18388/abp.1994_4689.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Southern blots of mitochondrial (mt) DNAs of three Lupinus species cleaved with three restriction enzymes were probed with Lupinus luteus mtDNA fragments containing 18S, 5S rRNA genes or a tRNA-like repeat. Comparison of the number of hybridizing bands and their intensity suggested that the mt 18S and 5S rRNA genes occur mostly in one copy in the genomes of three lupin species. The exception concerned the Lupinus angustifolius 5S rRNA gene showing two hybridizing bands of unequal intensity. The results of hybridization of the lupin mitochondrial genomes with a probe specific for the Lupinus luteus tRNA-like repeat pointed to the presence of such a repeat in other parts of the genomes besides the vicinity of the 18S rRNA gene. Northern hybridization analysis showed the presence of 18S, 5S and tRNA-like repeat transcripts similar in size in all lupin species.
31
Dracup, M., RK Belford e PJ Gregory. "Constraints to root growth of wheat and lupin crops in duplex soils". Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 32, n. 7 (1992): 947. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9920947.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Duplex soils constitute about 60% of the cropping region of Western Australia and are usually cropped with wheat or lupins. Extensive and deep root growth is particularly important to crop production on these soils, because the nutrient- and water-holding capacities of the A horizon are frequently low. However, properties of the soils and the Mediterranean-type climate impose several constraints to root growth. Physical and chemical properties of duplex soils are spatially variable, leading to pronounced variation (from metres to tens of metres) in the growth of roots and shoots. Both the A and B horizons often impede root growth mechanically, with bulk density and penetrometer resistance frequently exceeding 1.8 Mg/m3 and 2 MPa, respectively. Also, saturated conductivities of the B horizon are often <0.01 m/day, leading to waterlogging. Topsoil acidity is often a problem in lighttextured A horizons, with pH declining about 0.1 unit each decade in yellow duplex soils near Beverley, Western Australia, where pH is already usually <4.8. Conversely, in the B horizon of red-brown earths and, sometimes, yellow duplex soils, pH >7 restricts growth of roots of Lupinus angustifolius. Major constraints to root growth often occur together (e.g. waterlogging with acidity, salinity, or mechanical impedance), and this exacerbates problems of root growth and necessitates identification and amelioration of the particular combination of constraints to improve root growth. Although L. angustifolius is often grown on duplex soils, its roots are not suited to these soils. Rooting depth is restricted, and unlike wheat roots, those of L. angustifolius are poorly adapted to ramifying through the soil for efficient water and nutrient extraction. Lupinus angustifolius is also particularly sensitive to high pH, salinity, and, probably, waterlogging. Other species of lupin which are more tolerant of high pH (e.g. L. pilosus) and waterlogging (e.g. L. luteus) may be more appropriate on duplex soils.
32
Lane, Geoffrey A., e Roger H. Newman. "Isoflavones from Lupinus angustifolius root". Phytochemistry 26, n. 1 (dicembre 1986): 295–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9422(00)81531-9.
Testo completo
33
Woldemichael, Girma M., e Michael Wink. "Triterpene glycosides of Lupinus angustifolius". Phytochemistry 60, n. 4 (giugno 2002): 323–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9422(02)00112-7.
Testo completo
34
Miao, Z. H., J. A. Fortune e J. Gallagher. "Anatomical structure and nutritive value of lupin seed coats". Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 52, n. 10 (2001): 985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar00117.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Selection and breeding for yield and adaptation to environmental conditions often changes a number of characteristics of crops, and may influence the value of seed for animals. A series of experiments was conducted to evaluate the effect of breeding and growing conditions on the structure and degradability of lupin seed coats. Breeding has had significant influences on both seed size and seed coat structure of lupins. For instance, cultivars of Lupinus angustifolius released in 1987 and 1988 tended to have smaller seeds with a thicker seed coat than those released in 1971 (P < 0.05). Selection for soft seeds has resulted in a reduction of seed coat thickness in L. angustifolius. Hardseeded and roughseeded lines of L. cosentinii had thicker coats (P < 0.05) than softseeded and smoothseeded, respectively. The main contributor to the thick seed coat of hardseeded lines was a layer of cells known as the hourglass layer, which is located between the outer palisade and inner parenchyma. Anatomical analysis revealed that the soft seed coat tended to have short and round cells, whereas the hard seed tended to have long cells in the palisade layer. Smooth seeds had round cells in the subpalisade, but rough seeds had long cells in this layer. Although the seed coats of lupins contained about 80% crude fibre, with L. cosentinii and L. pilosus having more fibre than L. angustifolius, the fibre in lupin seed coats was highly digestible by sheep.
35
Cowie, AL, RS Jessop, DA MacLeod e GJ Davis. "Effect of soil nitrate on the growth and nodulation of lupins (Lupinus angustifolius and L. albus)". Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 30, n. 5 (1990): 655. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9900655.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The effect of increasing external nitrate (NO-3) concentration on the nodulation of Lupinus albus and L. angustifolius lines was examined in 2 sand culture experiments. In the first experiment 4 lines, 3 L. albus and 1 L. angustifolius, were grown at NO-3 concentrations of 0, 2, 8, 16, and 30 mmol/L for 49 days. Increasing the NOT concentration reduced nodule weight in all varieties to a similar extent. In a second experiment, 18 L. angustifolius lines were grown at NO-3 concentrations of 2 and 8 mmol/L for 49 days. The ratio of nodule weights at the 8 and 2 mmol/L NO-3 treatments varied widely, from 23 to 71%, between the lines. There appears to be potential for selection of L. angustifolius varieties able to maintain N2 fixation at increased levels of soil N.
36
Danilevicz, Monica F., Roberto Lujan Rocha, Jacqueline Batley, Philipp E. Bayer, Mohammed Bennamoun, David Edwards e Michael B. Ashworth. "Segmentation of Sandplain Lupin Weeds from Morphologically Similar Narrow-Leafed Lupins in the Field". Remote Sensing 15, n. 7 (29 marzo 2023): 1817. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15071817.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) is an important dryland crop, providing a protein source in global grain markets. While agronomic practices have successfully controlled many dicot weeds among narrow-leafed lupins, the closely related sandplain lupin (Lupinus cosentinii) has proven difficult to control, reducing yield and harvest quality. Here, we successfully trained a segmentation model to detect sandplain lupins and differentiate them from narrow-leafed lupins under field conditions. The deep learning model was trained using 9171 images collected from a field site in the Western Australian grain belt. Images were collected using an unoccupied aerial vehicle at heights of 4, 10, and 20 m. The dataset was supplemented with images sourced from the WeedAI database, which were collected at 1.5 m. The resultant model had an average precision of 0.86, intersection over union of 0.60, and F1 score of 0.70 for segmenting the narrow-leafed and sandplain lupins across the multiple datasets. Images collected at a closer range and showing plants at an early developmental stage had significantly higher precision and recall scores (p-value < 0.05), indicating image collection methods and plant developmental stages play a substantial role in the model performance. Nonetheless, the model identified 80.3% of the sandplain lupins on average, with a low variation (±6.13%) in performance across the 5 datasets. The results presented in this study contribute to the development of precision weed management systems within morphologically similar crops, particularly for sandplain lupin detection, supporting future narrow-leafed lupin grain yield and quality.
37
Croker, KP, MA Johns e TJ Johnson. "Reproductive performance of Merino ewes supplemented with sweet lupin seed in southern Western Australia". Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 25, n. 1 (1985): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9850021.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The effect of supplementation of mature Merino ewes, with 250 g of sweet lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) seed/head.day from 14 days before joining until day 17 of joining, on flock prolificacy was evaluated under commercial farming conditions over 3 years in a series of 50 trials involving 22 800 ewes. Responses to supplementation, in terms of lambs born, ranged from - 14 to + 2 1 %. Increasing the rate of supplementation to 500 g/head.day did not overcome the problem of the variable response. The present inability to select responsive situations limits the potential use of supplementation with lupins to increase the reproductive performance of Merino ewe flocks.
38
Cowie, AL, RS Jessop e DA MacLeod. "Effect of soil nitrate on the growth and nodulation of winter crop legumes". Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 30, n. 5 (1990): 651. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9900651.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The relative effect of increasing external nitrate supply on the nodulation of 3 winter crop legumes was examined in a controlled environment experiment. Lupin (Lupinus angustifolius cvv. Chittick, Wandoo), chickpea (Cicer arietinum cvv. Tyson, Amethyst) and field pea (Pisum sativum cvv. Maitland, Dundale) were grown at 2 nitrate (NO-3) concentrations of 2 and 8 mmol/L for 40 days.Shoot and root growth were not affected by NO-3 concentration. Increased NO-3 concentration significantly (P<0.05) reduced nodule number and nodule weight in all species. The inhibition of nodulation by increased NO-3 was greatest in peas, followed by chickpeas, and least in lupins.
39
Hamblin, John, Joanne Barton, Milton Sanders e T. J. V. Higgins. "Factors affecting the potential for gene flow from transgenic crops of Lupinus angustifolius L. in Western Australia". Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 56, n. 6 (2005): 613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar04313.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Australian sweet lupins (Lupinus angustifolius L.) and their naturalised wild progenitor occur widely throughout the agricultural zone of Western Australia. Before unrestricted release of transgenic lupins is allowed, an assessment is needed of the likely level of gene flow between the wild and cultivated lupins. Three sets of data were collected to evaluate the likelihood of outcrossing and gene flow. These were the level of outcrossing between adjacent lupin crops, the spatial distribution of crops and wild lupins, and the relative flowering times of the crops and wild lupins. The level of outcrossing within the first 1.5 m of adjacent crops, assessed over 1.56 million plants, was 1 cross in 3600 plants. No crossing was detected at distances greater than 2.25 m (outcrossing rate less than 1 in 148 000). The distribution of 216 crops and 237 wild populations in Western Australia rarely overlapped. Only 5 wild populations were detected in the area where crops were found. No crops occurred in the areas where the remaining wild lupins (232 populations) were found. The crops were all early flowering, whereas the 3 selected wild populations, representing 3 different (medium, high, and very high rainfall) climatic zones, all flowered later. We conclude that the likelihood of gene flow from a transgenic lupin crop to wild lupin populations is extremely low. This is consistent with the fact that reverse gene flow from wild lupins carrying dominant genes for blue flowers and bitter seeds has never been found in farmers’ fields, despite 35 years of lupin cropping where areas of over 1 000 000 ha per year have been grown in Western Australia.
40
Trapero-Casas, A., A. Rodríguez-Tello e W. J. Kaiser. "Lupins, a New Host of Phytophthora erythroseptica". Plant Disease 84, n. 4 (aprile 2000): 488. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2000.84.4.488b.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Several lupin (Lupinus) species are native to southern Spain (2). The white lupin, Lupinus albus L., is the most important crop, and its seeds are used for human consumption and animal feed. Accessions of three indigenous species, L. albus, L. angustifolius L., and L. luteus L., and an introduced species from South America, L. mutabilis Sweet, were planted during October in replicated yield trials in acidic soils (pH 6.5) in the Sierra Morena Mountains (elevation 350 m) north of Córdoba. Root and crown rot disease was widespread and very serious on the indigenous lupins, particularly in several patches of white lupin cultivars. Infected plants were devoid of feeder rootlets, and the tap roots, crowns, and lower stems were necrotic and turned dark brown to black. Rotted roots were colonized heavily by fungal oospores. Many affected plants wilted and died before flowering. A Phytophthora sp. was isolated consistently from the necrotic roots and crowns of symptomatic white lupins. The same fungus also was isolated from the necrotic root tissues of the other indigenous lupin species. Isolates of the fungus from diseased white lupins were homothallic and produced oospores rapidly and abundantly on corn meal and V8 agars. Antheridia were amphigynous, and aplerotic oospores ranged from 22 to 32 μm (average 27 μm). Nonpapillate, ovoidobpyriform sporangia were produced only in water on simple sympodial sporangiophores. Cultures on V8 agar grew at 5 to 30°C (optimum ≈25°C). The species was identified as Phytophthora erythroseptica Pethybr. based on morphology of oospores, sporangia, and other cultural characteristics (1). Koch's postulates were fulfilled by planting seeds of white lupin cv. Multulupa in sterile potting soil infested with a blended culture on V8 agar from a white lupin isolate of P. erythroseptica and reisolating the fungus after 28 days from lesions that developed on the roots and crowns of inoculated plants incubated in a greenhouse at 16 to 26°C. The fungus was not isolated from white lupins seeded in potting soil inoculated with sterile V8 agar. In pathogenicity tests, two isolates of P. erythroseptica from white lupins caused severe symptoms on the roots and crowns of inoculated white lupin cv. Multulupa similar to those observed on white lupins naturally infected in field trials. These isolates also caused root and crown rots on inoculated L. luteus and L. angustifolius. The fungus did not infect the roots or crowns of tarwi (L. mutabilis cv. SCG 20), alfalfa (Medicago sativa cv. Moapa), bean (Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Contender), chickpea (Cicer arietinum cv. Blanco Lechoso), faba bean (Vicia faba cv. Arboleda), lentil (Lens culinaris cv. local), pea (Pisum sativum cv. Lancet), soybean (Glycine max cv. Akashi), or subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum cv. Seaton-park). The tests were repeated, and the results were similar. This is the first report of P. erythroseptica infecting Lupinus spp. References: (1) D. C. Erwin and O. K. Ribeiro. 1996. Phytophthora Diseases Worldwide. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN. (2) B. Valdés et al. 1987. Flora Vascular de Andalucía Occidental. Ketres, Barcelona, Spain.
41
Bramley, Helen, Stephen D. Tyerman, David W. Turner e Neil C. Turner. "Root growth of lupins is more sensitive to waterlogging than wheat". Functional Plant Biology 38, n. 11 (2011): 910. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp11148.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In south-west Australia, winter grown crops such as wheat and lupin often experience transient waterlogging during periods of high rainfall. Wheat is believed to be more tolerant to waterlogging than lupins, but until now no direct comparisons have been made. The effects of waterlogging on root growth and anatomy were compared in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) and yellow lupin (Lupinus luteus L.) using 1 m deep root observation chambers. Seven days of waterlogging stopped root growth in all species, except some nodal root development in wheat. Roots of both lupin species died back progressively from the tips while waterlogged. After draining the chambers, wheat root growth resumed in the apical region at a faster rate than well-drained plants, so that total root length was similar in waterlogged and well-drained plants at the end of the experiment. Root growth in yellow lupin resumed in the basal region, but was insufficient to compensate for root death during waterlogging. Narrow-leafed lupin roots did not recover; they continued to deteriorate. The survival and recovery of roots in response to waterlogging was related to anatomical features that influence internal oxygen deficiency and root hydraulic properties.
42
Landers, KF. "Vernalization responses in narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) genotypes". Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 46, n. 5 (1995): 1011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9951011.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Three experiments were conducted to characterize vernalization response in 13 diverse narrowleafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) genotypes, and to identify the genetic basis of differences in vernalization response. The aim was to better understand how flowering time may be manipulated in lupin breeding. The genotypes consisted of breeding lines with parents of wild origin, plus selected commercial varieties. Treatments included response to different periods of vernalization and response to different sowing dates. Most of the genotypes required vernalization for flowering. There were three types of response to vernalization observed; an absolute requirement, a reduced response, in which vernalization did not appear to be essential for flowering, and no response in lines carrying the natural mutant gene Ku (Gladstones and Hill 1969). In genotypes with an absolute requirement for vernalization, the period of vernalization at 5�C required to ensure flowering varied between 2 and 4 weeks, and flowering was hastened by increasing periods of vernalization. When vernalization was marginally inadequate, abnormal inflorescences formed. An apparent thermosensitive response, in which vernalization hastened flowering but did not appear to be essential, occurred in cv. Wandoo, which carries the gene �efl�. This response could also possibly be explained not by the lack of an essential requirement for vernalization, but by an ability of the cultivar to respond to vernalization at fairly high temperatures, around 16�C. Crossing studies identified a major gene the same as or allelic to �efl� in one genotype, but no other single genes with major effect on vernalization response were detected in genotypes of wild origin.
43
Dunbabin, V., Z. Rengel e A. Diggle. "The root growth response to heterogeneous nitrate supply differs for Lupinus angustifolius and Lupinus pilosus". Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 52, n. 4 (2001): 495. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar00098.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Little is known about the ability of legume root systems to respond to the heterogeneous supply of nitrate. A split-root nutrient solution experiment was set up to compare the root growth response of 2 lupin species, Lupinus angustifolius L. (dominant tap root and primary lateral system) and L. pilosus Murr. (minor tap root and well-developed lateral root system), to differentially supplied nitrate. These 2 species represent the extremes of the root morphology types present across the lupin germplasm. Nutrient solution containing low (250 M) or high (750 M) nitrate was supplied either uniformly, or split (high and low) between the upper and lower root system. The average growth rate and total root length of L. pilosus was 1.7 times that of L. angustifolius. For both species, the increased proliferation of roots in a high nitrate zone was accompanied by a decrease in root growth in the low nitrate zone, giving approximately the same total growth as the uniform low nitrate treatment. This correlative growth rate response was 15% larger for the first-order branches of L. pilosus than L. angustifolius. While few second-order branches grew for L. angustifolius, the second-order laterals of L. pilosus showed a 2-fold correlative root growth and branching response to the split treatments, with no difference in growth between the uniform high and low nitrate treatments. The second-order laterals thus proliferated in response to the differential supply of nitrate and not the absolute concentration. While the growth rate and branching of the second-order laterals of L. pilosus exhibited a typical correlative response, first-order branching was inhibited in all split treatments, regardless of whether the roots were in the high or low nitrate zone. This response was not seen in L. angustifolius. The difference in the root growth response of the 2 root system types to differentially supplied nitrate suggests a potential in the lupin germplasm for developing a line capable of greater nitrate capture from the soil profile.
44
Williamson, PM, K. Sivasithamparam e WA Cowling. "Increased calcium concentration in narrow-leafed lupin epidermal tissue reduces infection by Diaporthe toxica". Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 34, n. 3 (1994): 381. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9940381.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This study examines the effect of calcium (Ca) supply on infection of narrow-leafed lupins (Lupinus angustifolius) by Diaporthe toxica the cause of lupinosis in animals. Susceptible cv. Yandee and resistant breeding lines CE2:435 and 75A:258 were grown in solution culture at varying levels of Ca supply. Epidermal Ca concentration increased with increased Ca supply in both resistant and susceptible narrow-leafed lupins. There was an inverse relationship between the concentration of epidermal Ca and the frequency of infection by the fungus.
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Dixon, R. M., E. S. Garcia, J. A. Domingo e J. H. G. Holmes. "Lablab (Lablab purpureus) and lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) seeds as supplements for sheep fed low quality roughage". Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 38, n. 1 (1998): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea97081.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Summary. The seeds of lablab (Lablab purpureus) and lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) were investigated as supplements for young sheep. In experiment 1, rumen-cannulated sheep were offered low quality roughage ad libitum alone or supplemented with about 5, 10 or 20 g/kg liveweight whole lupin or lablab seed. Rumen ammonia concentrations were increased by each level of both supplements, and the increases were greater with lupins than with lablab. The pH of rumen fluid was decreased by both supplements, particularly when the higher levels were fed. Dry matter of broken seeds of both legume species rapidly disappeared from synthetic fibre bags incubated in the rumen. Roughage dry matter disappearance from synthetic fibre bags decreased (P<0.05) when 20 g/kg liveweight lupins was fed, and this level of both supplements reduced (P<0.05) roughage intake. Total dry matter intake was increased more by lablab than by lupins, but dry matter and organic matter digestibility tended to be increased to a lesser extent by lablab. Overall, digestible organic matter intake and liveweight gain were increased to similar extents by both supplements. Wool growth was lower (P<0.05) with lablab than lupins, particularly at the highest level of supplementation, suggesting that availability of some amino acids was lower with lablab supplement. In experiment 2, rumen-cannulated sheep were fed low quality roughage ad libitum and supplemented with about 10 g/kg liveweight of either lupin or lablab seed. Lectins and protease inhibitors present in the lablab seed disappeared rapidly from synthetic fibre bags incubated in the rumen. In conclusion the nutritional value of lablab seed as a supplement for sheep fed low quality roughage was similar to that of lupin seed for liveweight gain, but was lower for wool growth.
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Bäumel, P., W. D. Jeschke, L. Witte, F. C. Czygan e P. Proksch. "Uptake and Transport of Quinolizidine Alkaloids in Cuscuta reflex a Parasitizing on Lupinus angustifolius". Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 48, n. 5-6 (1 giugno 1993): 436–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1993-5-607.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Cuscuta reflexa, Lupinus angustifolius, Quinolizidine Alkaloids, Parasitism During parasitism on Lupinus angustifolius the phanerogamic parasite Cuscuta reflexa takes up quinolizidine alkaloids from L. angustifolius via haustoria that tap xylem and phloem vessels of the host. The alkaloid pattern of the haustorial region of C. reflexa as revealed by GLC as well as by GLC-M S closely resembles that of infested lupin stems. With increasing distance from the haustoria towards the apex of C. reflexa the complex alkaloid pattern of the host is significantly reduced. Whereas alkaloid esters such as 13-benzoyloxylupanine and 13-cinnamoyloxy-lupanine are prominent peaks in the alkaloid profiles of the host as well as of the haustorial region of the parasite they are not detected in the apex of C. reflexa but are replaced by their respective alcohol com ponent 13-hydroxylupanine. This change of alkaloid profiles is accompanied by a strong decline of alkaloid concentration which drops from ap proximately 11 m g/g dry wt. in the haustorial region of C. reflexa to 0.2 m g/g dry wt. in the apex. Alkaloid analyses of xylem sap and phloem exudate from L. angustifolius suggest that uptake of host plant alkaloids by C. reflexa is mainly via the phloem even though a contribution of xylem sap to the supply of alkaloids to the parasite can not be excluded.
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Yoshie-Stark, Yumiko, e Andreas Wäsche. "Characteristics of crude lipoxygenase from commercially de-oiled lupin flakes for different types of lupins (Lupinus albus, Lupinus angustifolius)". Food Chemistry 88, n. 2 (novembre 2004): 287–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2004.02.005.
Testo completo
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Piedra-García, Diego, e Christine Struck. "Lupin Root Weevils (Charagmus spp., Curculionidae: Sitonini), a Lupin Pest: A Review of Their Distribution, Biology, and Challenges in Integrated Pest Management". Insects 12, n. 10 (18 ottobre 2021): 950. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12100950.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Lupins (Lupinus spp.) are an ancient yet important legume crop. In Europe, the protein-rich seeds serve as livestock feed and have the potential to be a healthy vegetarian component of human diets. In some regions in north-eastern Europe, lupins are heavily damaged by two Curculionidae species, the lupin root weevils (LRWs) Charagmus gressorius (syn. Sitona gressorius) and Ch. griseus (syn. S. griseus). Narrow-leaved lupins (L. angustifolius) and white lupins (L. albus) are most affected. The weevils feed on lupin leaves, whereas their larvae feed on root nodules. Therefore, the larvae cause major root damage by creating lacerations that allow soil-borne plant pathogens to enter the plant tissue. These infestations lead to considerable yield losses and markedly reduced N-fixation of the root nodules. This review summarises the current knowledge on the origin, geographical distribution, and biology of these rarely described weevils. It focuses on management strategies, including preconceived insecticide use and potential ecological management methods, as key components of an integrated pest management programme against LRWs in Europe.
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Petterson, D. S., B. SandstrÖm e Å. Cederblad. "Absorption of zinc from Iupin (Lupinus angustifolius)-based foods". British Journal of Nutrition 72, n. 6 (dicembre 1994): 865–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19940091.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The absorption of Zn from a lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) milk fortified with Ca, a bread containing lupin flour (230 g/kg), a sauce containing lupin flour and a sauce containing a lupin-protein isolate was determined in humans by measuring the whole-body retention of radioisotope from meals labelled with 0·02 MBq 65Zn, allowing for endogenous excretion of Zn, after 14 d. The absorption of Zn from the Ca-enriched milk (16·2%) and the bread made with lupin flour (27·0%) was similar to literature figures for comparable soya-bean products. The absorption from composite meals made with lupin flour (28·2%) and protein isolate (32·7%) was significantly higher than that reported for comparable soya-bean products. In a second experiment the absorption of Zn from a lupin-milk base and a soya-bean-milk base was compared with that from Ca-supplemented bases. The absorption of Zn from the lupin-milk base (26·3%) was significantly higher than from the soya-bean-milk base (17·6%), and neither was significantly altered by the addition of Ca. Overall the absorption of Zn from lupin-protein foods was found to be higher than from comparable soya-bean products. Lupin milk could be an attractive alternative to soya-bean milk for infant formulas.
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David, Laura S., Catootjie L. Nalle, M. Reza Abdollahi e Velmurugu Ravindran. "Feeding Value of Lupins, Field Peas, Faba Beans and Chickpeas for Poultry: An Overview". Animals 14, n. 4 (14 febbraio 2024): 619. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani14040619.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Grain legumes are fair sources of protein, amino acids and energy, and can be used as a replacement for soybean meal in poultry feed formulations as the soybean meal becomes short in supply and costly. However, a concern associated with the use of grain legumes in poultry feeding is the presence of antinutritional factors. The effective processing and utilisation of these grain legumes in poultry feeding are well documented. The current review focuses on four selected grain legumes (lupins [Lupinus albus and Lupinus angustifolius], field peas [Phaseolus vulgaris], faba beans [Vicia faba] and chickpeas [Cicer arietinum]) and their nutrient content, the presence of antinutritional factors, processing methods and feeding value, including updated data based on recent research findings.