Articoli di riviste: "Lupinus Angustifolius – Nutrition"

1

Mauer, Oldřich, Dušan Vavříček e Eva Palátová. "Assessing the influence of the Lupinus genus in the biological reclamation of sites degraded by whole-area dozer soil treatment". Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 61, n. 3 (2013): 711–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201361030711.

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Abstract (sommario):

The paper deals with possibilities of using the blue lupine (Lupinus angustifolius L.), white lupine (Lupinus albus L.) and garden lupine (Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl) in the biological reclamation of sites degraded by whole-area dozer soil treatment.The lupines were sown into strips or broadcast. The effect of lupines onto the growth and health condition of the young plantations of Norway spruce, European beech and Scots pine was studied together with their influence on the site soil characteristics. The experiment showed that the sowing of lupine favourably affected biometrical characteristics of newly planted trees. Even though the soil humus content did not increase in the experimental period of 5 years, the nitrogen nutrition as well as the nutrition with other biogenic elements improved and the symptoms of chlorosis were eliminated. In the conditions of the Krušné hory Mts., the lupines can produce up to 3.6 tons of biomass dry matter and favourably affect the nutrition of planted trees.

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2

van Barneveld, Robert J. "Understanding the nutritional chemistry of lupin (Lupinus spp.) seed to improve livestock production efficiency". Nutrition Research Reviews 12, n. 2 (dicembre 1999): 203–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/095442299108728938.

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AbstractIn their raw, unprocessed form, lupins have many desirable characteristics for feeding both ruminants and single-stomached animals. An emphasis on these desirable characteristics when formulating diets, combined with an advanced knowledge of how components of lupins can influence nutritional value, will ensure they make a cost-effective contribution to livestock diets. The main lupin species used in livestock diets include Lupinus albus, L. angustifolius and L. luteus. Supplementation of ruminant diets with lupins has been shown to have many positive effects in terms of growth and reproductive efficiency, comparable with supplements of cereal grain. The true value of lupins in ruminants, however, can only be determined following a better definition of animal requirements and a closer match of ration specifications. Pigs can effectively utilize L. angustifolius and L. luteus, but detailed research has yet to reveal the reason for poor utilization of diets containing L. albus. Poultry can tolerate high levels of lupins in their diets but levels are often restricted to avoid problems associated with excess moisture in the excreta. Variable responses to enzymes have been observed when attempting to rectify this problem. Lupins have unique carbohydrate properties characterized by negligible levels of starch, high levels of soluble and insoluble NSP, and high levels of raffinose oligosaccharides, all of which can affect the utilization of energy and the digestion of other nutrients in the diet. In addition to carbohydrates, an understanding of lupin protein, lipid and mineral composition together with a knowledge of potential anti-nutritional compounds is required if the use of this legume is to be optimized.

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3

Birchall, C., RS Jessop e PWG Sale. "Interaction effects of solution pH and calcium-concentration on Lupin (Lupinus-Angustifolius L) growth". Soil Research 33, n. 3 (1995): 505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9950505.

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The effects of sand solution calcium (Ca) concentration and pH on the growth of narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) were examined in an attempt to assess the relative importance of these two soil factors. Two pH (6.5, 8.5) and three Ca concentration treatments (0.625, 6.25, 16.25 mM) were applied by growing lupin in columns of sand which were flushed regularly with otherwise complete nutrient solutions. Root and shoot weights 63 days after sowing were reduced by both increasing pH and increasing Ca concentration. The pH x Ca interaction effect on shoot weight suggested increasing Ca played an important role (which was greatest at pH 6.5) in reducing lupin growth. It was unlikely that growth was reduced by either disrupted iron (Fe) nutrition or poor nodulation of the lupins.

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4

Petterson, D. S., B. SandstrÖm e Å. Cederblad. "Absorption of zinc from Iupin (Lupinus angustifolius)-based foods". British Journal of Nutrition 72, n. 6 (dicembre 1994): 865–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19940091.

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The absorption of Zn from a lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) milk fortified with Ca, a bread containing lupin flour (230 g/kg), a sauce containing lupin flour and a sauce containing a lupin-protein isolate was determined in humans by measuring the whole-body retention of radioisotope from meals labelled with 0·02 MBq 65Zn, allowing for endogenous excretion of Zn, after 14 d. The absorption of Zn from the Ca-enriched milk (16·2%) and the bread made with lupin flour (27·0%) was similar to literature figures for comparable soya-bean products. The absorption from composite meals made with lupin flour (28·2%) and protein isolate (32·7%) was significantly higher than that reported for comparable soya-bean products. In a second experiment the absorption of Zn from a lupin-milk base and a soya-bean-milk base was compared with that from Ca-supplemented bases. The absorption of Zn from the lupin-milk base (26·3%) was significantly higher than from the soya-bean-milk base (17·6%), and neither was significantly altered by the addition of Ca. Overall the absorption of Zn from lupin-protein foods was found to be higher than from comparable soya-bean products. Lupin milk could be an attractive alternative to soya-bean milk for infant formulas.

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5

Rahman, Mohammed H. "The nutritional toxicity of sweet lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) seed proteins". Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 80, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2000): 72–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0010(20000101)80:1<72::aid-jsfa492>3.0.co;2-p.

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6

Jappe, Uta, Arabella Karstedt, Daniela Warneke, Saskia Hellmig, Marisa Böttger, Friedrich W. Riffelmann, Regina Treudler et al. "Identification and Purification of Novel Low-Molecular-Weight Lupine Allergens as Components for Personalized Diagnostics". Nutrients 13, n. 2 (28 gennaio 2021): 409. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13020409.

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Lupine flour is a valuable food due to its favorable nutritional properties. In spite of its allergenic potential, its use is increasing. Three lupine species, Lupinus angustifolius, L. luteus, and L. albus are relevant for human nutrition. The aim of this study is to clarify whether the species differ with regard to their allergen composition and whether anaphylaxis marker allergens could be identified in lupine. Patients with the following characteristics were included: lupine allergy, suspected lupine allergy, lupine sensitization only, and peanut allergy. Lupine sensitization was detected via CAP-FEIA (ImmunoCAP) and skin prick test. Protein, DNA and expressed sequence tag (EST) databases were queried for lupine proteins homologous to already known legume allergens. Different extraction methods applied on seeds from all species were examined by SDS-PAGE and screened by immunoblotting for IgE-binding proteins. The extracts underwent different and successive chromatography methods. Low-molecular-weight components were purified and investigated for IgE-reactivity. Proteomics revealed a molecular diversity of the three species, which was confirmed when investigated for IgE-reactivity. Three new allergens, L. albus profilin, L. angustifolius and L. luteus lipid transfer protein (LTP), were identified. LTP as a potential marker allergen for severity is a valuable additional candidate for molecular allergy diagnostic tests.

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7

Jessop, RS, G. Roth e P. Sale. "Effects of increased levels of soil CaCO3 on Lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) growth and nutrition". Soil Research 28, n. 6 (1990): 955. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9900955.

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Little published evidence exists which relates narrow-leafed lupin growth to lime levels in soils when compared with growth on a soil with minimal or zero levels of lime. This pot experiment measured lupin growth and nodulation plus plant levels of Ca and Fe by using mixtures of a gilgaid black earth soil with varying quantities of free lime. A sand control allowed a plant growth comparison at minimal levels of lime. Iron sequestrene was added to all treatments to eliminate iron chlorosis. Plants harvested 68 days after sowing showed adequate levels of Fe. However, plant height, branch number, shoot and root dry weight and nodulation were markedly lower for plants grown on the low lime depression soil than those from the sand. Further major reductions in all aspects of growth occurred with increasing levels of the mound (high lime) soil. These effects were strongly related to soil and plant Ca levels; it is suggested that poor lupin growth on highly calcareous soils may be related to adverse direct effects of Ca.

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8

Gremigni, P., M. W. Sweetingham e W. A. Cowling. "Seed alkaloid concentrations are not affected by agronomic and phosphorus-nutrition treatments that reduce Pleiochaeta setosa Hughes disease on narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius)". Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 46, n. 5 (2006): 681. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea05078.

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The severity of brown spot caused by the fungus Pleiochaeta setosa (Kirchn.) Hughes in narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) is reduced by improving phosphorus (P) nutrition and using agronomic treatments that extend crop rotation or increase cereal stubble retention. The aim of this work was to investigate the impact of these treatments on the alkaloid concentrations of the harvested seed of 3 sweet cultivars of L. angustifolius that differed in their susceptibility to this fungal disease: Merrit (susceptible), Tallerack and Myallie (both moderately resistant). Because abiotic and biotic stresses appear to stimulate plant alkaloid biosynthesis, we hypothesised that higher levels of disease pressure may increase alkaloid concentrations in the harvested seed, particularly in the disease-susceptible Merrit. The main effects of P nutrition, cereal stubble retention, genotype and crop rotation were significant for the severity of brown spot and plant biomass of narrow-leafed lupin in a field trial in Wongan Hills, Western Australia, but were not significant for total alkaloid concentrations or the relative proportions of individual alkaloids of the harvested seed. Seed total alkaloid concentrations were in most cases below the maximum permitted concentration established for lupin seed (200 mg/kg dry matter) and were independent of the severity of brown spot on leaves. The great fluctuations of seed total alkaloid concentrations observed in grower deliveries to bulk handling facilities and in lupin cultivar yield testing trials are unlikely to result from the nutritional and agronomic treatments such as those investigated in this experiment, or the various disease levels that resulted from these treatments.

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9

Czubiński, Jarosław, Magdalena Montowska e Emilia Fornal. "Post-translational cleavage pattern of Lupinus angustifolius γ-conglutin". Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 98, n. 14 (24 maggio 2018): 5212–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.9057.

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10

Batterham, E. S., L. M. Andersen, B. V. Burnham e G. A. Taylor. "Effect of heat on the nutritional value of lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) – seed meal for growing pigs". British Journal of Nutrition 55, n. 1 (gennaio 1986): 169–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19860020.

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1. Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of heat on the nutritional value of lupin (Lupinus ungustifolius cv. Uniharvest and Unicrop)-seed meal, relative to soya-bean meal, for growing pigs.2. In both experiments, values for carcass gain/d and food conversion ratio (FCR) on a carcass basis of pigs fed on the diets containing lupin-seed meal were inferior (P < 0.05) to those produced by pigs fed on soya-bean meal.3. In the first experiment, heating lupin seed at temperatures from 105 to 150° for 15 min resulted in a linear depression in carcass gain/d, a quadratic increase in carcass FCR, a linear decrease in lean in the ham and a linear increase in backfat thickness. In the second experiment, autoclaving lupin seed from 5 to 45 min at 121° resulted in a linear depression in carcass gain/d and a linear increase in carcass FCR.4. The addition of L-lysine to the diets containing lupin-seed meal verified that lysine was limiting in both experiments. The additions of L-lysine did not overcome the differences in carcass gains/d of pigs fed on lupin-seed meal relative to those fed on diets containing soya-bean meal.5. It is concluded that the low lysine availability in lupin-seed meal for pigs is not due to the presence of heat-labile anti-nutritional factors in the seed.

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11

Wong, Alester, Keith Pitts, Vijay Jayasena e Stuart Johnson. "Isolation and foaming functionality of acid-soluble protein from lupin (Lupinus angustifolius ) kernels". Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 93, n. 15 (12 luglio 2013): 3755–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.6249.

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12

Millán-Linares, Mª del Carmen, Beatriz Bermúdez, María del Mar Yust, Francisco Millán e Justo Pedroche. "Anti-inflammatory activity of lupine (Lupinus angustifolius L.) protein hydrolysates in THP-1-derived macrophages". Journal of Functional Foods 8 (maggio 2014): 224–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2014.03.020.

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13

Atkins, Craig. "Biochemical aspects of assimilate transfers along the phloem path: N-solutes in lupins". Functional Plant Biology 27, n. 6 (2000): 531. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp99129.

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Lupins (Lupinus angustifolius L., L. albus L.) are prolific ‘phloem bleeders’, allowing collection of exu-dates en route to or at phloem-fed sinks such as shoot apices, developing fruits and the root system, as well as at or exiting the sources of phloem-borne solutes, leaves, petioles and stems. Consequently, it has been possible to quan-tify the relative contributions of xylem and phloem solutes to the nutrition of each developing organ of a lupin plant. Studies that identify the sites and, especially for solutes containing N, the nature of transfers between the two long distance translocation channels are reviewed. These transfers are solute-specific and can be accounted for largely by transfer of asparagine. In leaves, direct transfer of asparagine from xylem to phloem in minor veins, such that metabolism is precluded, is the most significant feature of N redistribution in the shoot. Current research is aimed at identifying and isolating genes encoding amino acid transporters expressed in strategically placed cells (possibly transfer cells) at nodes, at the inner epidermis of the seed coat and the epidermis of the developing cotyledons. Special emphasis is placed on transporters for selective transfer of asparagine.

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14

Torres, Alexia, Juana Frias e Concepción Vidal-Valverde. "Changes in chemical composition of lupin seeds (Lupinus angustifolius) after selective α-galactoside extraction". Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 85, n. 14 (2005): 2468–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2278.

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15

Rahman, Mohammed H., Iqbal Hossain e Moslehuddin. "Nutritional evaluation of sweet lupin (Lupinus angustifolius): net protein utilization (NPU), nitrogen balance and fractionation studies". British Journal of Nutrition 77, n. 3 (marzo 1997): 443–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19970044.

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The effects of raw sweet lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) meal and its fractions on the growth and N utilization of rats were determined in two NPU and five N balance experiments. Sweet lupinseed grown in Western Australia, obtained as meal, unsupplemented (LMU), or fully supplemented with required amino acids (360 g/kg diet) (LMFS) was tested. In addition, six fractions were tested: aqueous non-dialysed extract at pH 7·0 (LPAND), dialysed extracts soluble (LPAD) and insoluble at pH 7·0 (LPADI), buffer-soluble extract at pH 7·0 (BUSOL), buffer-insoluble extract after dialysis at pH 7·0 (BUDI) and the residue (LMR) containing most of the material from meal insoluble in water and phosphate-citrate buffer. All diets based on fractions contained the same amounts of energy and protein and were supplemented with amino acids, vitamins and minerals to target requirements. Body N and lipid contents of rats fed on LMU and LMFS were reduced significantly in comparison with rats fed on positive lactalbumin (LACT) and non-protein diets (NPC) as negative controls. This wasdue in part to the lower retention of the absorbed N. As a result, the NPU and the biological value (BV) of sweet lupinseed proteins were less than expected. Urea-N outputs of the LMU- and LMFS-fed rats were also elevated. In contrast, true N and DM digestibilities of rats fed on LMU and LMFS were not significantly affected by the difference in the energy content of the diet. The replacement of lactalbumin in thediet with LPAND (196 g/kg), LPAD (148 g/kg), LPADI (124 g/kg), BUSOL (136 g/kg) or BUDI (119 g/kg) reduced dry body weight, N and lipid contents, NPU and BV compared with those obtained from the LACT control, even though the N and DM digestibilitieswere not significantly different. Inclusion of the residue fraction (170 g LMR/kg) had no apparent effect on any of the variables studied. Since sweet lupinseed had asmall amount of non-reactive lectin and LMR had some undesirable side-effects in these rats, it appears that the low nutritional value of LMFS for rats (NPU 0·62) despite the very high level of digestibility of its N, results from disturbances in N metabolism, and particularly from the low retention value of the absorbed N

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16

Chen, Ying L., Vanessa M. Dunbabin, Art J. Diggle, Kadambot H. M. Siddique e Zed Rengel. "Phosphorus starvation boosts carboxylate secretion in P-deficient genotypes of Lupinus angustifolius with contrasting root structure". Crop and Pasture Science 64, n. 6 (2013): 588. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp13012.

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Lupinus angustifolius L. (narrow-leafed lupin) is an important grain legume crop for the stockfeed industry in Australia. This species does not form cluster roots regardless of phosphorus (P) nutrition. We hypothesise that this species may have adaptive strategies for achieving critical P uptake in low-P environments by altering shoot growth and root architecture and secreting carboxylates from roots. Three wild genotypes of L. angustifolius with contrasting root architecture were selected to investigate the influence of P starvation on root growth and rhizosphere carboxylate exudation and their relationship with P acquisition. Plants were grown in sterilised loamy soil supplied with zero, low (50 μm) or optimal (400 μm) P for 6 weeks. All genotypes showed a significant response in shoot and root development to varying P supply. At P deficit (zero and low P), root systems were smaller and had fewer branches than did roots at optimal P. The amount of total carboxylates in the rhizosphere extracts ranged from 3.4 to 17.3 μmol g–1 dry root. The total carboxylates comprised primarily citrate (61–78% in various P treatments), followed by malate and acetate. Genotype #085 (large root system with deep lateral roots) exuded the greatest amount of total carboxylates to the rhizosphere for each P treatment, followed by #016 (medium root system with good branched lateral roots) and #044 (small root system with short and sparse lateral roots). All genotypes in the low-P treatment significantly enhanced exudation of carboxylates, whereas no significant increase in carboxylate exudation was observed in the zero-P treatment. Small-rooted genotypes had higher P concentration than the medium- and large-rooted genotypes, although larger plants accumulated higher total P content. Large-rooted genotypes increased shoot P utilisation efficiency in response to P starvation. This study showed that narrow-leafed lupin genotypes differing in root architecture differed in carboxylate exudation and P uptake. Our finding suggested that for L. angustifolius there is a minimum plant P concentration below which carboxylate exudation is not enhanced despite severe P deficiency. The outcomes of this study enhance our understanding of P acquisition strategies in L. angustifolius genotypes, which can be used for the selection of P-efficient genotypes for cropping systems.

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Millán-Linares, Mª del Carmen, Francisco Millán, Justo Pedroche e María del Mar Yust. "GPETAFLR: A new anti-inflammatory peptide from Lupinus angustifolius L. protein hydrolysate". Journal of Functional Foods 18 (ottobre 2015): 358–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2015.07.016.

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Millan-Linares, M. Carmen, Ana Lemus-Conejo, M. Mar Yust, Justo Pedroche, Antonio Carrillo-Vico, Francisco Millan e Sergio Montserrat-de la Paz. "GPETAFLR, a novel bioactive peptide from Lupinus angustifolius L. protein hydrolysate, reduces osteoclastogenesis". Journal of Functional Foods 47 (agosto 2018): 299–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2018.05.069.

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Santiago, L. Lomas, D. Blache, M. A. Blackberry, G. B. Martin e A. B. Mâncio. "309. Nutrition, insulin, leptin and puberty in Merino ram lambs". Reproduction, Fertility and Development 17, n. 9 (2005): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/srb05abs309.

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Merino sheep developed in Mediterranean regions so are well adapted to acute changes in food availability. However, restricted intake during pregnancy, especially in animals that are pregnant over the dry summer, could limit the positive effects of a winter rainy season on fetal development. In this study, we tested whether the level of nutrition during pregnancy and during pre-pubertal development affected blood concentrations of insulin and leptin, scrotal circumference and age of puberty in male Merino lambs fed with pasture. During dry weather, pregnant sheep were supplemented ad libitum with hay and lupin grain (Lupinus angustifolius) to compensate for decreases in pasture supply. Puberty was detected using a standardised behavioural test with oestrous ewes. Lambs were considered pubertal if they displayed mounting in two successive weekly tests. There were no differences in plasma concentrations of insulin or leptin. The values for both hormones simply displayed the same pattern, with a rise after feeding and a fall during non-feeding periods. There was no difference among treatments in either scrotal growth or age to puberty (Table 1). This might be because the dietary treatments, being administered by food restriction under field conditions, would not have the same effects as severe undernutrition that has been used in laboratory studies. Alternatively, Merino sheep may have a greater capacity to cope with mild nutritional stress.

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Książkiewicz, Michał, Sandra Rychel-Bielska, Piotr Plewiński, Maria Nuc, Witold Irzykowski, Małgorzata Jędryczka e Paweł Krajewski. "The Resistance of Narrow-Leafed Lupin to Diaporthe toxica Is Based on the Rapid Activation of Defense Response Genes". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, n. 2 (8 gennaio 2021): 574. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22020574.

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Narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) is a grain legume crop that is advantageous in animal nutrition due to its high protein content; however, livestock grazing on stubble may develop a lupinosis disease that is related to toxins produced by a pathogenic fungus, Diaporthe toxica. Two major unlinked alleles, Phr1 and PhtjR, confer L. angustifolius resistance to this fungus. Besides the introduction of these alleles into modern cultivars, the molecular mechanisms underlying resistance remained unsolved. In this study, resistant and susceptible lines were subjected to differential gene expression profiling in response to D. toxica inoculation, spanning the progress of the infection from the early to latent phases. High-throughput sequencing of stem transcriptome and PCR quantification of selected genes were performed. Gene Ontology term analysis revealed that an early (24 h) response in the resistant germplasm encompassed activation of genes controlling reactive oxygen species and oxylipin biosynthesis, whereas in the susceptible germplasm, it comprised induction of xyloglucan endotransglucosylases/hydrolases. During the first five days of the infection, the number of genes with significantly altered expressions was about 2.6 times higher in resistant lines than in the susceptible line. Global transcriptome reprogramming involving the activation of defense response genes occurred in lines conferring Phr1 and PhtjR resistance alleles about 4–8 days earlier than in the susceptible germplasm.

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Książkiewicz, Michał, Sandra Rychel-Bielska, Piotr Plewiński, Maria Nuc, Witold Irzykowski, Małgorzata Jędryczka e Paweł Krajewski. "The Resistance of Narrow-Leafed Lupin to Diaporthe toxica Is Based on the Rapid Activation of Defense Response Genes". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, n. 2 (8 gennaio 2021): 574. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22020574.

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Abstract (sommario):

Narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) is a grain legume crop that is advantageous in animal nutrition due to its high protein content; however, livestock grazing on stubble may develop a lupinosis disease that is related to toxins produced by a pathogenic fungus, Diaporthe toxica. Two major unlinked alleles, Phr1 and PhtjR, confer L. angustifolius resistance to this fungus. Besides the introduction of these alleles into modern cultivars, the molecular mechanisms underlying resistance remained unsolved. In this study, resistant and susceptible lines were subjected to differential gene expression profiling in response to D. toxica inoculation, spanning the progress of the infection from the early to latent phases. High-throughput sequencing of stem transcriptome and PCR quantification of selected genes were performed. Gene Ontology term analysis revealed that an early (24 h) response in the resistant germplasm encompassed activation of genes controlling reactive oxygen species and oxylipin biosynthesis, whereas in the susceptible germplasm, it comprised induction of xyloglucan endotransglucosylases/hydrolases. During the first five days of the infection, the number of genes with significantly altered expressions was about 2.6 times higher in resistant lines than in the susceptible line. Global transcriptome reprogramming involving the activation of defense response genes occurred in lines conferring Phr1 and PhtjR resistance alleles about 4–8 days earlier than in the susceptible germplasm.

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Miller, D. W., D. Blache e G. B. Martin. "The role of intracerebral insulin in the effect of nutrition on gonadotrophin secretion in mature male sheep". Journal of Endocrinology 147, n. 2 (novembre 1995): 321–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1470321.

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Abstract The effect of nutrition on gonadotrophin secretion may be exerted through a central metabolic signal that reflects nutritional status. We have previously found that glucose and insulin concentrations are elevated in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of rams in which the secretion of gonadotrophins has been stimulated by a nutritional supplement of lupin grain (Lupinus angustifolius). In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that insulin and/or glucose is a metabolic modulator of GnRH secretion and mediates the effects of nutrition on gonadotrophin secretion. Six mature rams were fed a diet that maintained live weight and then given a series of infusions, each for 12 h/day for 4 days, in a cross-over design. The treatments were: artificial CSF (aCSF), glucose (50 μmol/h) in aCSF, insulin (0·6 ng/h) in aCSF, and glucose (50 μmol/h) plus insulin (0·6 ng/h) in aCSF; all infused at a rate of 5 μl/min. At the same time as the infusion treatments, two other groups of four rams without cerebral cannulae were fed either the maintenance diet or the same diet supplemented with 750 g lupin grain per head per day for 4 days, again in a cross-over design. Rams fed the lupin supplement showed an increase in both LH pulse frequency and mean FSH on day 4 (P<0·05). Infusion of aCSF or glucose did not affect gonadotrophin secretion. Rams infused with insulin or insulin plus glucose showed an increase (P<0·05) in LH pulse frequency but no increase in FSH concentrations on day 4 of infusion. The magnitude of the LH response to insulin was similar to the nutritional response of feeding lupin supplements. There was no effect of any of the infusion treatments on plasma prolactin or insulin secretion. These data show that changes in insulin concentrations in the CSF lead to changes in LH secretion and support the hypothesis that insulin is a metabolic modulator of GnRH secretion and mediates the effects of nutrition on gonadotrophin secretion. Journal of Endocrinology (1995) 147, 321–329

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Spencer, D., T. J. V. Higgins, M. Freer, H. Dove e J. B. Coombe. "Monitoring the fate of dietary proteins in rumen fluid using gel electrophoresis". British Journal of Nutrition 60, n. 2 (settembre 1988): 241–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19880096.

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Abstract (sommario):

1. When fractionated by sodium dodecylsulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), strained rumen fluid from sheep fed on pelleted lucerne (Medicago sativa) hay showed no major protein components that stain with Coomassie Blue. This feature made it possible to monitor the fate of individual polypeptides within a protein mixture incubated in rumen fluid in vitro.2. Extracts from a number of seed meals (sunflower (Helianthus annuus), lupin (Lupinus angustifolius), rape (Brassica napus) and pea (Pisum sativum L.)), as well as casein and bovine serum albumin, were examined in this system. The protein components of each seed type showed a wide range of resistances to degradation. One protein in pea seeds (pea albumin 1), which is particularly rich in cysteine, was almost as resistant to rumen degradation as bovine serum albumin.3. Analysis of synthetic-fibre-bag experiments by SDS-PAGE showed that the rate of loss of total protein from solid meal residues does not provide an index of the resistance of individual protein components of the meal to rumen degradation. While there was no qualitative change in the protein profile of residual pea-seed meal inside a synthetic-fibre bag, there was considerable variation in the rate at which individual, solubilized protein components were degraded in the surrounding rumen fluid.

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24

Rubio, Luis A., George Grant, Carmen Caballé, Ana Martinez-Aragón e Arpad Pusztai. "High in-vivo (rat) digestibility of faba bean (Vicia faba), lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) and soya bean (Glycine max) soluble globulins". Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 66, n. 3 (novembre 1994): 289–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2740660305.

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25

Miao, Z. H., J. A. Fortune e J. Gallagher. "The potential of two rough-seeded lupin species (Lupinus pilosus and L. atlanticus) as supplementary feed for sheep". Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 52, n. 6 (2001): 615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar99142.

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Abstract (sommario):

The rough-seeded lupins are better adapted to alkaline soils than the domesticated lupins currently in use in commercial agriculture in southern Australia. Lupinus pilosus and L. atlanticus are two species of rough-seeded lupins that are undergoing domestication, and could be very valuable for sheep as a supplementary feed. However, there is little information on the nutritive value of these lupins. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the nutritive value of L. pilosus and L. atlanticus, compared with L. angustifolius, which is widely used as an animal feed in Australia. The results showed that the rough-seeded lupins examined had larger seeds, a greater proportion of seed coat in the whole seed, and a higher fibre content in the seed coat than domesticated lupins. Nitrogen (N) content in the kernel of the various lupin species was similar. The high fibre content in seed coat did not appear to limit the digestion of the seeds by sheep as demonstrated by the high potential degradability of seed dry matter (DM) for all lupin species. There were no significant differences betweenL. pilosus,L. atlanticus, andL. angustifolius as a supplementary feed provided at low levels in DM digestibility (DMD), apparent energy digestibility (AED), and N-balance, suggesting that L. pilosus and L. atlanticus could be used in place of L. angustifolius. AlsoL. atlanticus could be substituted for L. angustifolius at high levels of supplementation as there were no differences in DMD, AED, apparent N digestibility, and N-balance when these species were fed to sheep as a supplement to barley straw. Supplementation with lupin seed at 150 g/day significantly improved DM intake by 195 g/day, DMD by 8.7, and AED by 11.4 percentage units. However, a high level of lupin supplementation in a diet based on barley straw did not increase DMD and AED of the diet.

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26

Lima-Cabello, Elena, Sonia Morales-Santana, Rhonda C. Foley, Su Melser, Victor Alché, Kadambot H. M. Siddique, Karam B. Singh, Juan D. Alché e Jose C. Jimenez-Lopez. "Ex vivo and in vitro assessment of anti-inflammatory activity of seed β-conglutin proteins from Lupinus angustifolius". Journal of Functional Foods 40 (gennaio 2018): 510–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2017.11.040.

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27

Grant, Grorge, Patrica M. Dorward, Wendy C. Buchan, Julia C. Armour e Arpad Pusztai. "Consumption of diets containing raw soya beans (Glycine max), kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris), cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata) or lupin seeds (Lupinus angustifolius) by rats for up to 700 days: effect on body composition and organ weights". British Journal of Nutrition 73, n. 1 (gennaio 1995): 17–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19950005.

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Abstract (sommario):

Feeding trials have been done with rats to assess the effects of long-term (700 d) consumption of diets based on raw cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata; moderate Bowman–Birk inhibitor content, low lectin content), lupin seeds (Lupinus angustifolius; low lectin and protease inhibitor content) or soya beans (Glycine max; high Kunitz inhibitor content, moderate Bowman–Birk inhibitor content, moderate lectin content) or diets containing low levels of raw kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris; high lectin content, low Bowman–Birk inhibitor content) on body weight and composition and organ weights. All the legume-based diets reduced feed conversion efficiency and growth rates during the initial 250 d. However, after 250 d the weight gains by rats given legume-based diets were similar to those of controls given the same daily feed intake. Long-term consumption of diets containing low levels of kidney bean significantly altered body composition of rats. The levels of lipid in the body were significantly reduced. As a result, carcasses of these rats contained a higher proportion of muscle/protein than did controls. Small-intestine relative weight was increased by short- and long-term consumption of the kidney-bean-based diet. However, the increase in relative pancreatic weight observed at 30d did not persist long term. None of the other legume-based diets caused any significant changes in body composition. However, long-term exposure to a soya-bean- or cowpea-based diet induced an extensive increase in the relative and absolute weights of the pancreas and caused an increase in the incidence of macroscopic pancreatic nodules and possibly pancreatic neoplasia. Long-term consumption of the cowpea-, kidney-bean-, lupin-seed- or soya-bean-based diets by rats resulted in a significant increase in the relative weight of the caecum and colon.

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28

Johnson, Stuart K., Paula L. McQuillan, Jean H. Sin e Madeleine J. Ball. "Sensory acceptability of white bread with added Australian sweet lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) kernel fibre and its glycaemic and insulinaemic responses when eaten as a breakfast". Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 83, n. 13 (2003): 1366–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.1552.

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29

Rubio, Luis A., George Grant, Piotr W. O. Scislowski, David Brown, Susan Bardocz e Arpad Pusztai. "The Utilization of Lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) and Faba Bean Globulins by Rats Is Poorer than of Soybean Globulins or Lactalbumin but the Nutritional Value of Lupin Seed Meal Is Lower only than That of Lactalbumin". Journal of Nutrition 125, n. 8 (1 agosto 1995): 2145–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/125.8.2145.

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30

Dixon, R. M., E. S. Garcia, J. A. Domingo e J. H. G. Holmes. "Lablab (Lablab purpureus) and lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) seeds as supplements for sheep fed low quality roughage". Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 38, n. 1 (1998): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea97081.

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Abstract (sommario):

Summary. The seeds of lablab (Lablab purpureus) and lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) were investigated as supplements for young sheep. In experiment 1, rumen-cannulated sheep were offered low quality roughage ad libitum alone or supplemented with about 5, 10 or 20 g/kg liveweight whole lupin or lablab seed. Rumen ammonia concentrations were increased by each level of both supplements, and the increases were greater with lupins than with lablab. The pH of rumen fluid was decreased by both supplements, particularly when the higher levels were fed. Dry matter of broken seeds of both legume species rapidly disappeared from synthetic fibre bags incubated in the rumen. Roughage dry matter disappearance from synthetic fibre bags decreased (P<0.05) when 20 g/kg liveweight lupins was fed, and this level of both supplements reduced (P<0.05) roughage intake. Total dry matter intake was increased more by lablab than by lupins, but dry matter and organic matter digestibility tended to be increased to a lesser extent by lablab. Overall, digestible organic matter intake and liveweight gain were increased to similar extents by both supplements. Wool growth was lower (P<0.05) with lablab than lupins, particularly at the highest level of supplementation, suggesting that availability of some amino acids was lower with lablab supplement. In experiment 2, rumen-cannulated sheep were fed low quality roughage ad libitum and supplemented with about 10 g/kg liveweight of either lupin or lablab seed. Lectins and protease inhibitors present in the lablab seed disappeared rapidly from synthetic fibre bags incubated in the rumen. In conclusion the nutritional value of lablab seed as a supplement for sheep fed low quality roughage was similar to that of lupin seed for liveweight gain, but was lower for wool growth.

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31

Monteiro, M. R. P., F. D. Alves e M. R. Silva. "Evaluation of technological properties of lupine flour (Lupinus albus and Lupinus angustifolius)". Scientific Electronic Archives 13, n. 5 (29 aprile 2020): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.36560/1352020882.

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Abstract (sommario):

The lupine has great potential for human nutritional supplementation, in addition to having lower concentrations of alkaloids than soybeans. It is easy to grow, low-cost and is being studied as a way to improve the nutritional value of some food products. To carry out all analyzes were used seeds of Lupinus angustifolius and Lupinus albus, provided by the Agronomic Institute of Paraná - IAPAR. It was determined, as of the lupine seed flour: the composition, solubility, emulsifying capacity, foaming capacity and foam stability. The white lupine had significantly higher percentage of lipids (10.57%) compared to the values of blue (4.20%). Still, the white lupine had a higher percentage of protein (35.45%), although its value is very close to that found in blue (32.48%). Was observed a value of 48.85% carbohydrates for white lupine and 58.90% for blue. As the ash, there was a similar value in both strains (3.9% for white lupine and 3.96% for blue). For moisture, had up 2.81% for white lupine and 1.27% for blue. Emulsifying capacity was higher in blue lupine (4.00 mL / g) than in white lupine (2.27 mL / g). As for the foaming capacity, there was greater capacity for blue lupine (5.54% growth, against 1.47% of white lupine). Finally, was observed higher foam stability in the white lupine. It is concluded that the lupine presents technological properties and chemical composition that makes it useful and their use justified by the food industry.

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32

Sobotka, Wiesław, Maria Stanek e Jacek Bogusz. "Evaluation of the Nutritional Value of Yellow (Lupinus Luteus) and Blue Lupine (Lupinus Angustifolius) Cultivars as Protein Sources in Rats". Annals of Animal Science 16, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2016): 197–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aoas-2015-0062.

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Abstract (sommario):

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the nutritional value of protein from the seeds of yellow lupine (Lupinus luteus) and blue lupine (Lupinus angustifolius) cultivars, contained in diets fed to rats. The experimental diets were based on the seeds of three yellow lupine (Mister, Markiz, Taper) or three blue lupine (Sonet, Boruta, Elf) cultivars as the only or main protein source. The nutritional value of the diets was determined based on their chemical composition and alkaloid and oligosaccharide concentrations. Lupine seeds were fed to male Wistar rats with initial body weight of approx. 112 g. Alkaloid concentrations in yellow lupine and blue lupine seeds were 0.07-0.09 g kg-1 DM and 0.26-0.39 g kg-1 DM, respectively. Oligosaccharide concentrations in yellow and blue lupine seeds were 108.0-108.9 and 65.4-67.6 g kg-1 DM, respectively. The inclusion of lupine seeds in rat diets increased fecal and urinary nitrogen losses, and decreased nitrogen retention by approx. 10%. The diets based on yellow or blue lupine seeds were characterized by lower nitrogen digestibility and lower biological value of protein than the control diet containing casein.

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33

Alomar, D., M. Mera, J. Errandonea e H. Miranda. "Prediction of seed coat proportion in narrow-leafed and yellow lupins by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS)". Crop and Pasture Science 61, n. 4 (2010): 304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp09257.

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Abstract (sommario):

Breeding programs oriented to decrease hull percentage in lupins and consequently to improve their nutritional value could be greatly assisted by a reliable technique to predict seed coat proportion (SCP) in whole, intact seeds. The objective of this work was to evaluate the potential of near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) to predict the percentage of seed coat in two lupin species. Samples (n = 627) of seeds of different lines and crosses of narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius, n = 447) and yellow lupin (L. luteus, n = 180) were scanned in the VIS-NIR range and SCP subsequently determined by dissection and weighing of dry seed fractions (reference data). Calibrations were developed by multivariate regression (modified partial least squares (PLS)), testing different mathematical treatments. The best equation was obtained when both species were pooled in one set of samples and the best treatment of the spectral data consisted in a second subtraction order, over an interval of 8 data points (16 nm) and a smoothing segment of 8 data points. Cross validation for the selected equation showed a coefficient of determination of 88% and a standard error of 0.54%, for an average SCP of 22.63% and a standard deviation of the reference data of 1.55%. It was concluded that NIRS can be effectively applied in breeding programs as a fast, non-destructive screening tool to determine SCP in narrow-leafed and yellow lupins.

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34

Rahman, Mohammed H. "The nutritional toxicity of sweet lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) seed proteins". Biochemical Society Transactions 27, n. 1 (1 febbraio 1999): A59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst027a059c.

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35

Nalle, C. L., V. Ravindran e G. Ravindran. "Nutritional value of narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) for broilers". British Poultry Science 52, n. 6 (dicembre 2011): 775–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00071668.2011.639343.

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36

Blache, D., DW Miller, JTB Milton e GB Martin. "The secretion of gonadotrophins, insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 by Merino rams supplemented with different legume seeds". Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 47, n. 6 (1996): 843. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9960843.

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Abstract (sommario):

Supplementing mature rams with lupin seed (Lupinus angustifolius, a highly digestible source of energy and protein) increases gonadotrophin secretion within 5-10 days. When sheep receive a post-ruminal supplement of protein and energy equivalent to that in the lupin supplement, LH secretion is increased but not to the same extent as with lupin seed itself. This suggests that lupin seed contains a specific mixture of nutrients or an unknown component that exerts effects on the brain centres that control gonadotrophin secretion. This hypothesis was tested by comparing the responses to isonitrogenous and isoenergetic supplements of 3 legumes: lupins, cowpeas, and soybeans. Rams were fed the supplements for 10 days and blood was sampled every 20 min for 24 h on days -1, 5, and 10 relative to the start of supplementation. The plasma was assayed for LH, FSH, and the metabolic hormones insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). Both the cowpea and the lupin supplements increased LH pulse frequency and the mean concentrations of insulin and IGF-1 on days 5 and 10 compared with day -1 (P < 0.05). The soybean supplement did not affect LH pulse frequency or the concentrations of insulin or IGF-1. Only the cowpea supplement increased the mean concentration of FSH. The nutritional stimulation of the reproductive centres of the brain appears not to be specific to lupins, because the diet supplemented with cowpeas evoked similar responses. The lack of response to soybean seed suggests that the effects of diet on secretion of metabolic and gonadotrophic hormones are not due simply to the total energy and protein content of the diets, but to subtle differences in their chemical constituents.

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37

Ravindran, Velmurugu, Linda M. Tabe, L. Molvig, T?J?V Higgins e Wayne L. Bryden. "Nutritional evaluation of transgenic high-methionine lupins (Lupinus angustifolius L) with broiler chickens". Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 82, n. 3 (2002): 280–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.1030.

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38

Písaříková, Bohumila, e Zdeněk Zralý. "Nutritional Value of Lupine in the Diets for Pigs (a Review)". Acta Veterinaria Brno 78, n. 3 (2009): 399–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb200978030399.

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Abstract (sommario):

The seeds of sweet lupine cultivars (Lupineus species) have been used with increasing frequency as a source of proteins replacing proteins of animal origin or soybean in feed compounds. The seeds of sweet lupine cultivars contain an average of about 33-40% crude protein in dry matter, the lipid content ranges from 5 to 13%. The profile of amino acids is relatively beneficial, however, with slightly lower content of lysine (1.46%) and methionine (0.22%). The main storage carbohydrates in the seeds are the β-galactans that comprise most of the cell-wall material of the kernel and the cellulose and hemicellulose of the thick seed coats. Lupine seeds contain about 40% non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) and a negligible amount of starch. High coefficient of protein digestibility (> 90%) has been reported in sweet lupine cultivars, but lower digestibility of energy (~ 60%). Lupineus species contain negligible amounts of trypsin inhibitor so they do not require preheating before being used as an ingredient in feeds for monogastric animals. The efficiency of lupine seeds in the diets for pigs is characterized by controversial results of growth and feed conversion under both mechanical treatment and enzyme supplementation. The results of production efficiency obtained at the testing of lupine cultivars (L. albus, L. angustifolius) for pigs were beneficial at supplementation of the lacking nutrients or dehulling. The submitted paper summarizes national as well as foreign knowledge of the nutritive value of cultural lupine seeds, and deals with the possibility increasing nutrition and production efficiency in the diets for pigs.

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39

Kasprowicz-Potocka, Małgorzata, Anita Zaworska, Sebastian Andrzej Kaczmarek e Andrzej Rutkowski. "The nutritional value of narrow-leafed lupine (Lupinus angustifolius) for fattening pigs". Archives of Animal Nutrition 70, n. 3 (11 marzo 2016): 209–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1745039x.2016.1150238.

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40

Grant, George, Patricia M. Dorward e Arpad Pusztai. "Pancreatic Enlargement Is Evident in Rats Fed Diets Containing Raw Soybeans (Glycine max) or Cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata) for 800 Days but Not in Those Fed Diets Based on Kidney Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) or Lupinseed (Lupinus angustifolius)". Journal of Nutrition 123, n. 12 (1 dicembre 1993): 2207–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/123.12.2207.

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41

Aguilar-Acosta, Luis Alberto, Sergio O. Serna-Saldivar, José Rodríguez-Rodríguez, Anayansi Escalante-Aburto e Cristina Chuck-Hernández. "Effect of Ultrasound Application on Protein Yield and Fate of Alkaloids during Lupin Alkaline Extraction Process". Biomolecules 10, n. 2 (13 febbraio 2020): 292. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom10020292.

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Abstract (sommario):

The objective of this work is to elucidate the fate of quinolizidine alkaloids (QA) during the lupin protein extraction process assisted with ultrasound and the evaluation of the nutritional and functional properties of the protein fraction. Proximal characterization, concentration of anti-nutritional compounds, amino acid profile and protein solubility profile of flours from three lupin species were (L. albus, L. angustifolius and L. mutabilis) assessed. The result showed a significant difference (p < 0.05) in protein concentration, fat, total alkaloids and particle size between the three species flours. Based on these parameters, the most different Lupinus species (L. mutabilis and L. angustifolius) were chosen to study the behavior of the protein fraction in terms of functionality, composition and resistance to thermal treatments. The results obtained for L. mutabilis described the ultrasound effect as beneficial for protein yield (14% more than control), QA reduction from bagasse (81% less than control) and protein isolate production (50% less than control). On the other hand, L. angustifolius was more resistant to the ultrasound effect with no significant difference between treatments (10 and 15 min) and control but with the lower toxicity and better amino acid score. These results will be useful to design processes to assist in the objective of meeting the future protein demand of the population.

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42

Ruiz-López, Mario Alberto, Lucia Barrientos-Ramírez, Pedro Macedonio García-López, Elia Herminia Valdés-Miramontes, Juan Francisco Zamora-Natera, Ramón Rodríguez-Macias, Eduardo Salcedo-Pérez, Jacinto Bañuelos-Pineda e J. Jesús Vargas-Radillo. "Nutritional and Bioactive Compounds in Mexican Lupin Beans Species: A Mini-Review". Nutrients 11, n. 8 (2 agosto 2019): 1785. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11081785.

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Abstract (sommario):

As a source of bioactive compounds, species of the genus Lupinus are interesting legumes from a nutritional point of view. Although wild species are abundant and represent a potential source of nutrients and biologically active compounds, most research has focused on domesticated and semi-domesticated species, such as Lupinus angustifolius, Lupinus albus, Lupinus luteus, and Lupinus mutabilis. Therefore, in this review, we focus on recent research conducted on the wild Lupinus species of Mexico. The nutritional content of these species is characterized (similar to those of the domesticated species), including proteins (isolates), lipids, minerals, dietary fiber, and bioactive compounds, such as oligosaccharides, flavonoids, and alkaloids.

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43

Kaczmarek, S., M. Kasprowicz-Potocka, M. Hejdysz, R. Mikuła e A. Rutkowski. "The nutritional value of narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) for broilers". Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences 23, n. 2 (11 giugno 2014): 160–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.22358/jafs/65705/2014.

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44

Chin, Ying Yee, Lye Yee Chew, Gaik Theng Toh, Junus Salampessy, Azrina Azlan e Amin Ismail. "Nutritional composition and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory activity of blue lupin (Lupinus angustifolius)". Food Bioscience 31 (ottobre 2019): 100401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fbio.2019.04.002.

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45

Musco, N., M. I. Cutrignelli, S. Calabrò, R. Tudisco, F. Infascelli, R. Grazioli, V. Lo Presti, F. Gresta e B. Chiofalo. "Comparison of nutritional and antinutritional traits among different species (Lupinus albusL.,Lupinus luteusL.,Lupinus angustifoliusL.) and varieties of lupin seeds". Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 101, n. 6 (30 gennaio 2017): 1227–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jpn.12643.

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46

Iqbal, Muhammad Munir, William Erskine, Jens D. Berger e Matthew N. Nelson. "Phenotypic characterisation and linkage mapping of domestication syndrome traits in yellow lupin (Lupinus luteus L.)". Theoretical and Applied Genetics 133, n. 10 (18 luglio 2020): 2975–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00122-020-03650-9.

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Abstract (sommario):

AbstractThe transformation of wild plants into domesticated crops usually modifies a common set of characters referred to as ‘domestication syndrome’ traits such as the loss of pod shattering/seed dehiscence, loss of seed dormancy, reduced anti-nutritional compounds and changes in growth habit, phenology, flower and seed colour. Understanding the genetic control of domestication syndrome traits facilitates the efficient transfer of useful traits from wild progenitors into crops through crossing and selection. Domesticated forms of yellow lupin (Lupinus luteus L.) possess many domestication syndrome traits, while their genetic control remains a mystery. This study aimed to reveal the genetic control of yellow lupin domestication traits. This involved phenotypic characterisation of those traits, defining the genomic regions controlling domestication traits on a linkage map and performing a comparative genomic analysis of yellow lupin with its better-understood relatives, narrow-leafed lupin (L. angustifolius L.) and white lupin (L. albus L.). We phenotyped an F9 recombinant inbred line (RIL) population of a wide cross between Wodjil (domesticated) × P28213 (wild). Vernalisation responsiveness, alkaloid content, flower and seed colour in yellow lupin were each found to be controlled by single loci on linkage groups YL-21, YL-06, YL-03 and YL-38, respectively. Aligning the genomes of yellow with narrow-leafed lupin and white lupin revealed well-conserved synteny between these sister species (76% and 71%, respectively). This genomic comparison revealed that one of the key domestication traits, vernalisation-responsive flowering, mapped to a region of conserved synteny with the vernalisation-responsive flowering time Ku locus of narrow-leafed lupin, which has previously been shown to be controlled by an FT homologue. In contrast, the loci controlling alkaloid content were each found at non-syntenic regions among the three species. This provides a first glimpse into the molecular control of flowering time in yellow lupin and demonstrates both the power and the limitation of synteny as a tool for gene discovery in lupins.

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47

Riga, Fikadu T., Kassa S. Retta e Melkamu B. Derseh. "Yield and Nutritional Quality of Sweet Lupine (Lupinus angustifolius) Grown in Midaltitudes of Lemo District, Hadiya Zone, Southern Ethiopia". International Journal of Agronomy 2021 (16 febbraio 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6674452.

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Abstract (sommario):

The study was conducted to determine the yield and nutritional quality of sweet lupine (Lupinus angustifolius.) grown in midaltitude of Lemo District, Southern Ethiopia. The yield and nutritive value of sweet lupine in terms of quantity and quality was conducted using a factorial experiment arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The treatments for the study were two sweet lupine varieties (Vitabore and Sanabore), two locations (Upper Gana and Jewe Kebeles, and six levels of planting spacing: 30 cm × 7 cm (S1), 40 cm × 7 cm (S2), 30 cm × 15 cm (S3), 40 cm × 15 cm (S4), 30 cm × 20 cm (S5), and 40 cm × 20 cm (S6)). The yield, chemical composition, and digestibility among parameters were studied. Sweet lupine varieties in Upper Gana Kebele gave the highest green forage yield (39.58 t/ha) and forage dry matter (4.84 t/ha) at 30 cm × 7 cm planting spacing, respectively. Seed yield (SYD) (t/ha) was highly affected ( P < 0.01 ) by location. The maximum seed (2.98 t/ha) yield was observed in Upper Gana Kebele with the minimum (2.15 t/ha) at Jewe Kebele. The forage in Jewe Kebele gave the highest organic matter (OM) (87.01%) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) (37.50%) content at a stage of 100% flowering. Sweet lupine forage in Upper Gana Kebele gave the highest crude protein (CP) content (23.11%) while the highest forage CP content was recorded at a planting space of 40 cm × 20 cm (23.67%). Sweet lupine forage gave the maximum in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) (69.10%) at a spacing of 40 cm × 20 cm in Upper Gana. The highest CP (29.11%) content and IVOMD (80.49%) of seed were recorded in Upper Gana Kebele. The overall result of this study suggested that green forage yield and forage dry matter yield are affected by location, planting spacing, and stage of flowering, whereas the chemical composition of sweet lupine forage was affected by location and variety interaction (dry matter and acid detergent fiber), location and stage of flowering interaction (OM, ADF and total ash), location (CP, metabolizable energy (ME), and IVOMD), planting spacing (CP and IVOMD), and stage of flowering (CP and ME). On the other hand, sweet lupine seed yield, seed CP, and IVOMD were affected by location. The large differences in yield and nutritive values observed among sweet lupine varieties, growth environment, planting spacing, and their interactions entail consideration of these factors for appropriate utilization of sweet lupine as a feed resource for livestock.

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48

Kerley, S. J., I. F. Shield e C. Huyghe. "Specific and genotypic variation in the nutrient content of lupin species in soils of neutral and alkaline pH". Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 52, n. 1 (2001): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar00060.

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Abstract (sommario):

Evaluation of the nutritional status, dry weights, and yields of genotypes of white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) and of the species L. pilosus Murr. and L. angustifolius L. were made in a field of mildly acidic (minimum pH 5.8; air-dried soil : water ratio 1 : 2.5) to alkaline (limed to a pH maximum of 8.4) soil at IACR-Rothamsted, UK, during the 1997 growing season. Plants were sampled for shoot biomass and nutritional content during the season and seed yield per plant. Lupinus pilosus was the species most tolerant of the calcareous soil, whereas L. angustifolius was the least tolerant. Considerable variation in tolerance was apparent between the L. albus genotypes; the cultivar Lucyanne was comparable with L. angustifolius, whereas the genotypes La 673, 668, and 675 were more comparable with L. pilosus. Leaf chlorosis was shown to be an unreliable measure of calcareous soil tolerance in the field. A genotype soil-pH interaction in the expanded leaf number indicated that this analysis might be of use in genotype evaluations. Nutrient concentration differences were apparent between the species and between the L. albus genotypes. This indicated the occurrence of possible tolerance mechanisms including the control of calcium uptake and the partitioning of iron. Clear differences were apparent between the three species in terms of tolerance to the calcareous soil. Within L. albus important differences were apparent when specific analyses were examined. However, variation between different analyses and at different stages of growth resulted in the differences, taken as a whole between the L. albus genotypes, not being of sufficient magnitude to discriminate potentially tolerant from susceptible genotypes. The complexity of calcareous soil stress and the potential application of the analyses for physiological studies and genotype screening are discussed.

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49

Bell, Michael J., Philip W. Moody, Geoffrey C. Anderson e Wayne Strong. "Soil phosphorus—crop response calibration relationships and criteria for oilseeds, grain legumes and summer cereal crops grown in Australia". Crop and Pasture Science 64, n. 5 (2013): 499. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp12428.

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Australian cropping systems are dominated by winter cereals; however, grain legumes, oilseeds and summer cereals play an important role as break crops. Inputs of phosphorus (P) fertiliser account for a significant proportion of farm expenditure on crop nutrition, so effective fertiliser-use guidelines are essential. A national database (BFDC National Database) of field experiments examining yield responses to P fertiliser application has been established. This paper reports the results of interrogating that database using a web application (BFDC Interrogator) to develop calibration relationships between soil P test (0–10 cm depth; Colwell NaHCO3 extraction) and relative grain yield. Relationships have been developed for all available data for each crop species, as well as for subsets of those data derived by filtering processes based on experiment quality, presence of abiotic or biotic stressors, P fertiliser placement strategy and subsurface P status. The available dataset contains >730 entries but is dominated by data for lupin (Lupinus angustifolius; 62% of all P experiments) from the south-west of Western Australia. The number of treatment series able to be analysed for other crop species was quite small (<50–60 treatment series) and available data were sometimes from geographic regions or soil types no longer reflective of current production. There is a need for research to improve information on P fertiliser use for key species of grain legumes [faba bean (Vicia faba), lentil (Lens culinaris), chickpea (Cicer arietinum)], oilseeds [canola (Brassica napus), soybean (Glycine max)] and summer cereals [sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), maize (Zea mays)] in soils and farming systems reflecting current production. Interrogations highlighted the importance of quantifying subsurface P reserves to predict P fertiliser response, with consistently higher 0–10 cm soil test values required to achieve 90% maximum yield (CV90) when subsurface P was low (<5 mg P/kg). This was recorded for lupin, canola and wheat (Triticum aestivum). Crops grown on soils with subsurface P >5 mg/kg consistently produced higher relative yields than expected on the basis of a 0–10 cm soil test. The lupin dataset illustrated the impact of improving crop yield potentials (through more effective P-fertiliser placement) on critical soil test values. The higher yield potentials arising from placement of P-fertiliser bands deeper in the soil profile resulted in significantly higher CV90 values than for crops grown on the same sites but using less effective (shallower) P placement. This is consistent with deeper bands providing an increased and more accessible volume of profile P enrichment and supports the observation of the importance of crop P supply from soil layers deeper than 0–10 cm. Soil P requirements for different species were benchmarked against values determined for wheat or barley (Hordeum vulgare) grown in the same regions and/or soil types as a way of extrapolating available data for less researched species. This approach suggested most species had CV90 values and ranges similar to winter cereals, with evidence of different soil P requirements in only peanut (Arachis hypogaea – much lower) and field pea (Pisum sativum – slightly higher). Unfortunately, sorghum data were so limited that benchmarking against wheat was inconclusive.

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50

Kushnareva, A. V., Т. V. Shelengа, I. N. Perchuk, G. P. Egorova, L. L. Malyshev, Yu A. Kerv, A. L. Shavarda e M. A. Vishnyakova. "Selection of an optimal method for screening the collection of narrow-leaved lupine held by the Vavilov Institute for the qualitative and quantitative composition of seed alkaloids". Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding 24, n. 8 (31 dicembre 2020): 829–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/vj20.680.

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Narrow-leaved lupine (Lupinus аngustifolius L.) is a widely cultivated leguminous forage and green manure crop with a potential for human nutrition. However, the presence of secondary metabolites – alkaloids – in lupine seeds considerably affects the quality of raw produce, reducing its nutritive value; in addition, high concentrations of alkaloids are toxic to humans and animals. Therefore, plant breeders working with lupine need to gain knowledge about the variability of alkaloid content in seeds of different genotypes and search for the sources of their low concentrations in the crop’s gene pool. The collection of narrow-leaved lupine genetic resources held by the N.I. Vavilov Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) offers wide opportunities for such search by means of mass screening. For its part, largescale gene pool screening requires the selection of an optimal technique to measure alkaloid content in seeds, so that it would be easily reproducible and as little labor-, time- and fund-consuming as possible. The results of the search for such method are presented. Qualitative and quantitative indices were compared when target compounds had been extracted with multicomponent mixtures and individual reagents (chloroform, methanol, etc.) and the extracts analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. High-performance liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry was also employed. Five major alkaloids were found to be present in all types of extracts: lupanine, 13-hydroxylupanine (dominant ones), angustifoline, sparteine, and isolupanine. The fullest extraction of alkaloids was observed when the extractant with an added alkaline agent was used (425 mg/100 g). The lowest level of extraction was registered with chloroform (216 mg/100 g). The significance of the differences was confirmed statistically.

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