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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Loss (Psychology)"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 29 luglio 2024

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Loss (Psychology)"

Hansson, Robert O. "A Psychology of Loss?" Contemporary Psychology 49, no. 2 (April 2004): 221–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/004308.

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Deane, M. "Psychology of limb loss." BMJ 299, no. 6714 (December 16, 1989): 1526–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.299.6714.1526-c.

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Kaland, Mary, and Kate Salvatore. "The Psychology of Hearing Loss." ASHA Leader 7, no. 5 (March 2002): 4–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/leader.ftr1.07052002.4.

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Harvey, John H., and Eric D. Miller. "Toward a Psychology of Loss." Psychological Science 9, no. 6 (November 1998): 429–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9280.00081.

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Smyth, Daniel. "The psychology of theft and loss." Psychodynamic Practice 21, no. 4 (May 22, 2015): 361–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14753634.2015.1043816.

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Benitez-Bloch, Rosalyn, and Gottfried R. Blogh. "The Psychology of Separation and Loss." American Journal of Psychotherapy 43, no. 2 (April 1989): 301–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.1989.43.2.301.

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ENZER, NORBERT B., Jonathon Bloom-Feshbach, Sally Bloom-Feshbach, and WILLIAM M. KLYKYLO. "The Psychology of Separation and Loss." Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 28, no. 3 (May 1989): 459–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-198905000-00036.

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Jacobs, Selby. "The Psychology of Separation and Loss." Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 176, no. 11 (November 1988): 699–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005053-198811000-00013.

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HARVEY, JOHN H. "The Psychology of Loss as a Lens to a Positive Psychology." American Behavioral Scientist 44, no. 5 (January 2001): 838–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764201044005009.

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Argyriadi, Agathi, and Alexandros Argyriadis. "Health Psychology: Psychological Adjustment to the Disease, Disability and Loss." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-3, Issue-3 (April 30, 2019): 1100–1105. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd23200.

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Tesi sul tema "Loss (Psychology)"

Mackenzie, Alexander Iain. "Almost certain loss: the psychology of pyramid schemes." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Psychology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1324.

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This thesis investigates investing in pyramid schemes. Study 1 explored the relationships between people s perceptions of investment options and their investment decisions. These options included a bank, a pyramid scheme, stock market and a safe. In this study, participants imagined they could invest money in any of the options and rated their perceptions of each option on various scales. When investing money, participants invested larger amounts in the options that they rated more positively. Compared to other investors, pyramid investors had higher positive correlations between their ratings of the pyramid scheme and how much money they invested. In Study 2 participants indicated how much money they would invest in each option and how risky they perceived the investment. As the perceived risk of an investment option increased, people invested less money. However, participants did not identify the pyramid scheme as the most risky option and rated it as being no more or less risky than the stock market. In both Studies 1 and 2 about half of the participants were willing to invest in the pyramid scheme. In Studies 3 and 4, participants imagined they had invested money in a pyramid scheme and were recruiting new target investors. Two experimental conditions were devised. In the first condition, participants were not informed of the potential for monetary loss, whereas in the second condition, monetary loss was made explicit. Potential target investors varied in the closeness of their rated relationship to the participant. When in the early non-loss condition, participants selected targets that were close to themselves, but in the loss condition they favoured targets that were less close. Furthermore, when in the non-loss condition, participants persuaded those targets they were closer to invest, whereas in the loss condition they persuaded them not to invest. Studies 5 and 6 found that there was no difference in sensation seeking propensities or intellect between pyramid scheme investors and non-investors. One clear finding for the research is that many people did not select the pyramid scheme as the poor investment that it is, a result which indicates its present illegal status is justified.

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Childress, Lawrence. "The Loss-Processing Framework." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2021. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3896.

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The circumstances of responding to loss due to human death are among the most stressful experiences encountered in life. Although grief’s symptoms are typically considered essential to their gradual diminishment, possible negative impacts of complications related to grief are also well known, and have been associated with detriments to mental and physical health. Grief, however, can also generate transformative positive change. Thus, albeit ineludible, responding to loss is not uniformly experienced, expressed, or understood. It is also culturally-shaped, making attempts to define “normal” grief, as well as to label some grief “abnormal”—and to medicalize it—possibly problematic. Bereavement (the situation surrounding a death) and mourning (the publicly expressed response to loss due to death) are changing. Some of these changes (e.g., the increase in hospice care settings prior to deaths, and alterations in the ritual responses following all deaths—irrespective of their context) may have important implications for avoiding grief’s possible complications and for promoting its potential benefits. An improved alignment of grief theory, research, and practice is warranted; but theories of grief are diverse, and historically have not been empirically well-supported. This research articulates a new grief model, the loss-processing framework, featuring three dimensional components (perception, orientation, and direction). As a first step toward validation of the framework, also included is an empirical study examining retrospective descriptive reports of adult loss response relating to the first of these three dimensions (perception). As an interpretive, translational approach to understanding grief, the loss-processing framework may serve to positively impact grieving, health, and life quality.

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Behlen, Shawn Lee. "Anatomy of Loss." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1995. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278022/.

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Vose, Kimberly Anne. "A pretty tramp." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2007.

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Brooks, Dale Theodore. "Mourning the loss of self : a universal change process and class of therapeutic event." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30377.

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This study asserts that loss has been primarily focused on in terms of a set of reactions whose goals and content tend to be externally orientated. The thesis presented here states that the consideration of reaction to loss is incomplete without a detailed understanding of how the phenomenological self, on the intrapsychic level, is effected by loss. Consequently, this study takes a comprehensive look at how loss can effect this level of the phenomenological self, as well as the types of losses it can experience. An attempt is made to demonstrate that these losses to the phenomenological self can be identified and defined as a generic set of experiences, or, class of psychological events, which when taken together, this study considers as the loss of self. Given this class of psychological events, it is further claimed that mourning the loss of self, in different forms, is a universal change process. When dealt with in therapy this change process of mourning the loss of self is considered as a class of therapeutic event. An extensive literature review examines the basis for these claims, and provides the foundations for the presentation of a clinical model for mourning the loss of self. In this model, self, types of loss of self, and the process of mourning the loss of self, as relevant to this study, are defined. Utilization of this model for therapeutic purposes is demonstrated in case studies, and implications for research, as well as areas of application, are suggested.<br>Education, Faculty of<br>Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education (ECPS), Department of<br>Graduate

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Clark, Ruth M. "Loss, trauma and post-traumatic growth." Thesis, City University London, 2010. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/8706/.

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This study explored the lived experiences of twelve mental health care clinicians working therapeutically with suicidal clients and following client suicide. The participants included six mCounselling Psychologists, two Consultant Psychiatrists, three Community Psychiatric Nurses and a Cognitive Behavioural Therapist from an opportunity sample. The study took place within a National Health Service Mental Health Trust located in the South East of England. All the participants worked with suicidal clients. Nine had experienced the suicide of one or more clients. Employing interpretative phenomenological analysis, four key themes emerged: Being with suicidal clients, Impact of client death, Subsequent influential experiences and Evolving. Therapeutic intervention with suicidal clients emerged as being a source of anxiety for some participants, while others felt confident in wanting to explore the clients' concerns in depth. Following client suicide, shock, initial disbelief, fear, guilt and anger were apparent. Therapeutic relationships were influential in the participants' interpretations and understandings of the death. The attachment to the client was considered, by some, as being almost shameful, while others had tenuous therapeutic relationships. Some participants expressed potent feelings of grief arising from the loss. Past experience of bereavement by suicide emerged as shaping the views taken of suicidal clients and the responses to client suicide. Subsequent events, including involvement in an investigation into the cause of the death, were considered as being influential factors in the overall experience. Relationships with others which provided comfort and affirmation were considered to be a protective factor. While several participants gained support from clinical supervision, others felt that it did not meet their needs. An attempt was made to offer explanatory frameworks in order to situate the participants' experiences. Together with the effects of a loss, some participants' perceptions of failing as a competent professional added some support to the notion of threatened identity, due to rupture of the 'continuity' of professional identity. Transformative processes included gains, such as being considered as an 'expert.' The changes that are described are consistent with the reflexive practitioner position of Counselling Psychologists. The implications of the findings include Counselling Psychologists' involvement in the development of support systems. Finally, a suggested method of providing information to clinicians (Appendix 11) has been drafted as a result of the study outcomes.

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Rothaupt, Jeanne W. "A mother's portrait of loss and transcendence implications for bereavement theory /." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2005. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1095430371&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Woodhouse, Lorna. "Psychosocial aspects of adjustment to limb loss." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335459.

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Chan, Wai-man Raymond. "Coping with loss : an exploratory study in Hong Kong /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2004. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B43895360.

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Chan, Wai-man Raymond, and 陳偉文. "Coping with loss: an exploratory study in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43895360.

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Libri sul tema "Loss (Psychology)"

Elspeth, Barker, ed. Loss. London: Orion, 1998.

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Jeffrey, Kauffman, ed. Loss of the assumptive world: A theory of traumatic loss. New York: Brunner-Routledge, 2002.

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Strachan, Joan. The change/loss connection. Edited by Schulz William 1938-. Winnipeg, MB: Peguis Publishers, 1989.

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Mosher, Lucinda. Loss. New York: Seabury Books, 2007.

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McAneney, Caitlin. Loss and grief. New York: PowerKids Press, 2015.

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Forrester-Jones, R. V. E. Autism and loss. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers, 2007.

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Judith, Larson, ed. Coping with loss. Mahwah, N.J: Erlbaum, 1999.

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Mittal, Dyuti. Imagining loss. New Delhi: Dyuti Mittal, 2020.

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Berns, Nancy. Closure: A tangled story of grief, money, politics, and hope. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2011.

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Loss. Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Loss (Psychology)"

Raskin, Jonathan D. "Trauma, Stress, And Loss." In Abnormal Psychology, 212–44. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-54717-0_7.

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Jakes, Simon. "Emotional factors in hearing loss." In Health Psychology, 297–306. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-3226-6_17.

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Jakes, Simon. "Emotional factors in hearing loss." In Health Psychology, 362–74. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-3228-0_18.

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Gallagher, Pamela, Laura Coffey, Deirdre M. Desmond, Richard Lombard-Vance, Philip Jefferies, and Stephen T. Wegener. "Limb loss." In Handbook of rehabilitation psychology (3rd ed.)., 257–77. Washington: American Psychological Association, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0000129-017.

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Stevenson-Moessner, Jeanne. "Attachment and Loss." In Encyclopedia of Psychology and Religion, 170–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-24348-7_9126.

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Stevenson-Moessner, Jeanne. "Attachment and Loss." In Encyclopedia of Psychology and Religion, 138–40. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6086-2_9126.

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Stroebe, Margaret S., Wolfgang Stroebe, and Henk Schut. "Grief and loss." In Encyclopedia of psychology, Vol. 4., 11–14. Washington: American Psychological Association, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/10519-006.

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Schlesinger, Hilde S. "The Psychology of Hearing Loss." In Adjustment to Adult Hearing Loss, 99–118. London: Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003422761-10.

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Adams, Bridget, and Barbara Bromley. "Loss and grief therapy." In Psychology for Health Care, 147–59. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-26634-0_10.

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Pollard, Robert Q., Ilene D. Miner, and Joe Cioffi. "Hearing and vision loss." In Handbook of rehabilitation psychology., 205–34. Washington: American Psychological Association, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/10361-010.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Loss (Psychology)"

Proserpio, Davide, Scott Counts, and Apurv Jain. "The psychology of job loss." In WebSci '16: ACM Web Science Conference. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2908131.2913008.

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Majerova, Hana. "Phenomenology Of Vision Loss." In 8th International Conference on Education and Educational Psychology. Cognitive-crcs, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2017.10.33.

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Andreeva, Irina. "SPATIAL HEARING IN PATIENTS WITH SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS." In XVI International interdisciplinary congress "Neuroscience for Medicine and Psychology". LLC MAKS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m916.sudak.ns2020-16/66.

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Aman, Rahimi Che, Syed Mohamad Syed Abdullah, and Nor Shafrin Ahmad. "Loss and Grief Counselling for Flood Victims." In 3rd ASEAN Conference on Psychology, Counselling, and Humanities (ACPCH 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/acpch-17.2018.38.

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Urbanova, Eva. "PERINATAL LOSS, MANAGEMENT OF CARE - ANALYSIS." In SGEM 2014 Scientific SubConference on PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY, SOCIOLOGY AND HEALTHCARE, EDUCATION. Stef92 Technology, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2014/b12/s2.083.

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Sokolova, Elena T. "Phenomena Of Loss Of Self In Sociocultural Conditions Of Precarity." In Psychology of subculture: Phenomenology and contemporary tendencies of development. Cognitive-Crcs, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2019.07.87.

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Mazuchova, L. "PERINATAL LOSS AND THE PROCESS OF RECOVERY." In SGEM 2014 Scientific SubConference on PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY, SOCIOLOGY AND HEALTHCARE, EDUCATION. Stef92 Technology, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2014/b12/s2.082.

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Supin, Alexander, Olga Milekhina, Dmitry Nechaev, and Marina Tomozova. "SPECTRAL AND TEMPORAL DISCRIMINATION OF SOUNDS AT AGE-DEPENDENT HEARING LOSS." In XVIII INTERNATIONAL INTERDISCIPLINARY CONGRESS NEUROSCIENCE FOR MEDICINE AND PSYCHOLOGY. LCC MAKS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m2947.sudak.ns2022-18/332-333.

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Tumanovsky, Yuri, Anna Makeeva, Vladimir Bolotskikh, Irina Grebennikova, and Galina Savina. "MECHANISMS OF REGULATION OF CIRCULATION IN TRANSFUSION THERAPY FOR ACUTE BLOOD LOSS." In XV International interdisciplinary congress "Neuroscience for Medicine and Psychology". LLC MAKS Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m582.sudak.ns2019-15/412.

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Miller, Harold, Diego Flores, Michael Seeley, Darin Costello, and Colby Kipp. "Dynamic Aspects of the Gain-Loss Differential in Behavioral Choice." In 6th Annual International Conference on Cognitive and Behavioral Psychology (CBP 2017). Global Science & Technology Forum (GSTF), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5176/2251-1865_cbp17.2.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Loss (Psychology)"

Drury, J., S. Arias, T. Au-Yeung, D. Barr, L. Bell, T. Butler, H. Carter, et al. Public behaviour in response to perceived hostile threats: an evidence base and guide for practitioners and policymakers. University of Sussex, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.20919/vjvt7448.

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Background: Public behaviour and the new hostile threats • Civil contingencies planning and preparedness for hostile threats requires accurate and up to date knowledge about how the public might behave in relation to such incidents. Inaccurate understandings of public behaviour can lead to dangerous and counterproductive practices and policies. • There is consistent evidence across both hostile threats and other kinds of emergencies and disasters that significant numbers of those affected give each other support, cooperate, and otherwise interact socially within the incident itself. • In emergency incidents, competition among those affected occurs in only limited situations, and loss of behavioural control is rare. • Spontaneous cooperation among the public in emergency incidents, based on either social capital or emergent social identity, is a crucial part of civil contingencies planning. • There has been relatively little research on public behaviour in response to the new hostile threats of the past ten years, however. • The programme of work summarized in this briefing document came about in response to a wave of false alarm flight incidents in the 2010s, linked to the new hostile threats (i.e., marauding terrorist attacks). • By using a combination of archive data for incidents in Great Britain 2010-2019, interviews, video data analysis, and controlled experiments using virtual reality technology, we were able to examine experiences, measure behaviour, and test hypotheses about underlying psychological mechanisms in both false alarms and public interventions against a hostile threat. Re-visiting the relationship between false alarms and crowd disasters • The Bethnal Green tube disaster of 1943, in which 173 people died, has historically been used to suggest that (mis)perceived hostile threats can lead to uncontrolled ‘stampedes’. • Re-analysis of witness statements suggests that public fears of Germany bombs were realistic rather than unreasonable, and that flight behaviour was socially structured rather than uncontrolled. • Evidence for a causal link between the flight of the crowd and the fatal crowd collapse is weak at best. • Altogether, the analysis suggests the importance of examining people’s beliefs about context to understand when they might interpret ambiguous signals as a hostile threat, and that. Tthe concepts of norms and relationships offer better ways to explain such incidents than ‘mass panic’. Why false alarms occur • The wider context of terrorist threat provides a framing for the public’s perception of signals as evidence of hostile threats. In particular, the magnitude of recent psychologically relevant terrorist attacks predicts likelihood of false alarm flight incidents. • False alarms in Great Britain are more likely to occur in those towns and cities that have seen genuine terrorist incidents. • False alarms in Great Britain are more likely to occur in the types of location where terrorist attacks happen, such as shopping areass, transport hubs, and other crowded places. • The urgent or flight behaviour of other people (including the emergency services) influences public perceptions that there is a hostile threat, particularly in situations of greater ambiguity, and particularly when these other people are ingroup. • High profile tweets suggesting a hostile threat, including from the police, have been associated with the size and scale of false alarm responses. • In most cases, it is a combination of factors – context, others’ behaviour, communications – that leads people to flee. A false alarm tends not to be sudden or impulsive, and often follows an initial phase of discounting threat – as with many genuine emergencies. 2.4 How the public behave in false alarm flight incidents • Even in those false alarm incidents where there is urgent flight, there are also other behaviours than running, including ignoring the ‘threat’, and walking away. • Injuries occur but recorded injuries are relatively uncommon. • Hiding is a common behaviour. In our evidence, this was facilitated by orders from police and offers from people staff in shops and other premises. • Supportive behaviours are common, including informational and emotional support. • Members of the public often cooperate with the emergency services and comply with their orders but also question instructions when the rationale is unclear. • Pushing, trampling and other competitive behaviour can occur,s but only in restricted situations and briefly. • At the Oxford Street Black Friday 2017 false alarm, rather than an overall sense of unity across the crowd, camaraderie existed only in pockets. This was likely due to the lack of a sense of common fate or reference point across the incident; the fragmented experience would have hindered the development of a shared social identity across the crowd. • Large and high profile false alarm incidents may be associated with significant levels of distress and even humiliation among those members of the public affected, both at the time and in the aftermath, as the rest of society reflects and comments on the incident. Public behaviour in response to visible marauding attackers • Spontaneous, coordinated public responses to marauding bladed attacks have been observed on a number of occasions. • Close examination of marauding bladed attacks suggests that members of the public engage in a wide variety of behaviours, not just flight. • Members of the public responding to marauding bladed attacks adopt a variety of complementary roles. These, that may include defending, communicating, first aid, recruiting others, marshalling, negotiating, risk assessment, and evidence gathering. Recommendations for practitioners and policymakers • Embed the psychology of public behaviour in emergencies in your training and guidance. • Continue to inform the public and promote public awareness where there is an increased threat. • Build long-term relations with the public to achieve trust and influence in emergency preparedness. • Use a unifying language and supportive forms of communication to enhance unity both within the crowd and between the crowd and the authorities. • Authorities and responders should take a reflexive approach to their responses to possible hostile threats, by reflecting upon how their actions might be perceived by the public and impact (positively and negatively) upon public behaviour. • To give emotional support, prioritize informative and actionable risk and crisis communication over emotional reassurances. • Provide first aid kits in transport infrastructures to enable some members of the public more effectively to act as zero responders.

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Hillestad, Torgeir Martin. The Metapsychology of Evil: Main Theoretical Perspectives Causes, Consequences and Critique. University of Stavanger, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/usps.224.

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The purpose of this text or dissertation is to throw some basic light on a fundamental problem concerning manhood, namely the question of evil, its main sources, dynamics and importance for human attitudes and behaviour. The perspective behind the analysis itself is that of psychology. Somebody, or many, may feel at bit nervous by the word “evil” itself. It may very well be seen as too connected to religion, myth and even superstition. Yet those who are motivated to lose oneself in the subject retain a deep interest in human destructiveness, malevolence and hate, significant themes pointing at threatening prospects for mankind. The text is organized or divided into four main ordinary chapters, the three first of them organized or divided into continuous and numbered sections. A crucial point or question is of cause how to define evil itself. It can of cause be done both intentional, instrumental and by consequence. Other theorists however have stated that the concept of evil exclusively rests on a myth originated in the Judean-Christian conception of Satan and ultimate evil. This last argument presupposes evil itself as non-existent in the real rational world. It seems however a fact that most people attach certain basic meaning to the concept, mainly that it represents ultimately bad and terrible actions and behaviour directed toward common people for the purpose of bringing upon them ultimate pain and suffer. However, there is no room for essentialism here, meaning that we simply can look “inside” some original matter to get to know what it “really” is. Rather, a phenomenon gets its identity from the constituted meaning operating within a certain human communities and contexts loaded with intentionality and inter-subjective meaning. As mentioned above, the concept of evil can be interpreted both instrumental and intentional, the first being the broadest of them. Here evil stands for behaviour and human deeds having terrifying or fatal consequences for subjects and people or in general, regardless of the intentions behind. The intentional interpretation however, links the concept to certain predispositions, characteristics and even strong motives in subjects, groups and sometimes political systems and nations. I will keep in mind and clear the way for both these perspectives for the discussion in prospect. This essay represents a psychological perspective on evil, but makes it clear that a more or less complete account of such a psychological view also should include a thorough understanding or integration of some basic social and even biological assumptions. However, I consider a social psychological position of significant importance, especially because in my opinion it represents some sort of coordination of knowledge and theoretical perspectives inherent in the subject or problem itself, the main task here being to integrate perspectives of a psychological as well as social and biological kind. Since humans are essential social creatures, the way itself to present knowledge concerning the human condition, must be social of some sort and kind, however not referring to some kind of reductionism where social models of explanation possess or holds monopoly. Social and social psychological perspectives itself represents parts of the whole matter regarding understanding and explanation of human evil. The fact that humans present, or has to represent themselves as humans among other humans, means that basically a social language is required both to explain and describe human manners and ways of being. This then truly represents its own way or, more correctly, level or standard of explanation, which makes social psychology some sort of significant, though not sufficient. More substantial, the vision itself of integrating different ontological and theoretical levels and objects of science for the purpose of manifesting or make real a full-fledged psychological perspective on evil, should be considered or characterized a meta-psychological perspective. The text is partially constructed as a review of existing theories and theorists concerning the matter of evil and logically associated themes such as violence, mass murder, genocide, antisocial behaviour in general, aggression, hate and cruelty. However, the demands of making a theoretical distinction between these themes, although connected, is stressed. Above all, an integral perspective combining different scientific disciplines is aimed at.

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