Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Look Building (New York, N.Y.)"

- Joan D. van Andel, H.E. Coomans, Building up the the future from the past; Studies on the architecture and historic monuments in the Dutch Caribbean, Zutphen: De Walburg Pers, 1990, 268 pp., M.A. Newton, M. Coomans-Eustatia (eds.) - Rene van den Berg, James N. Sneddon, Studies in Sulawesi linguistics, Part I, 1989. NUSA, Linguistic studies of Indonesian and other languages in Indonesia, volume 31. Jakarta: Badan Penyelenggara Seri Nusa, Universitas Katolik Indonesia Atma Jaya. - Thomas Crump, H. Beukers, Red-hair medicine: Dutch-Japanese medical relations. Amsterdam/Atlanta, GA: Rodopi, Publications for the Netherlands Association of Japanese studies No. 5, 1991., A.M. Luyendijk-Elshout, M.E. van Opstall (eds.) - M. Heins, Kees P. Epskamp, Theatre in search of social change; The relative significance of different theatrical approaches. Den Haag: CESO Paperback no. 7, 1989. - Rudy De Iongh, Rainer Carle, Opera Batak; Das Wandertheater der Toba-Batak in Nord Sumatra. Schauspiele zur Währung kultureller Identität im nationalen Indonesischen Kontext. Veröffentlichungen des Seminars fur Indonesische und Südseesprachen der Universität Hamburg, Band 15/1 & 15/2 (2 Volumes), Berlin: Dietrich Reimer Verlag, 1990. - P.E. de Josselin de Jong, Birgit Rottger-Rossler, Rang und Ansehen bei den Makassar von Gowa (Süd-Sulawesi, Indonesien), Kölner Ethnologische Studien, Band 15. Dietrich Reimar Verlag, Berlin, 1989. 332 pp. text, notes, glossary, literature. - John Kleinen, Vo Nhan Tri, Vietnam’s economic policy since 1975. Singapore: ASEAN Economic research unit, Institute of Southeast Asian studies, 1990. xii + 295 pp. - H.M.J. Maier, David Banks, From class to culture; Social conscience in Malay novels since independence, Yale, 1987. - Th. C. van der Meij, Robyn Maxwell, Textiles of Southeast Asia; Tradition, trade and transformation. Melbourne/Oxford/Auckland/New York: Australian National Gallery/Oxford University Press. - A.E. Mills, Elinor Ochs, Culture and language development, Studies in the social and cultural foundations of language No. 6, Cambridge University Press, 227 + 10 pp. - Denis Monnerie, Frederick H. Damon, Death rituals and life in the societies of the Kula Ring, Dekalb: Northern Illinois University Press, 1989. 280 pp., maps, figs., bibliogr., Roy Wagner (eds.) - Denis Monnerie, Frederick H. Damon, From Muyuw to the Trobriands; Transformations along the northern side of the Kula ring, Tucson: The University of Arizona Press, 1990. xvi + 285 pp., maps, figs., illus., apps., bibliogr., index. - David S. Moyer, Jeremy Boissevain, Dutch dilemmas; Anthropologists look at the Netherlands, Assen/Maastricht: Van Gorcum, 1989, v + 186 pp., Jojada Verrips (eds.) - Gert Oostindie, B.H. Slicher van Bath, Indianen en Spanjaarden; Een ontmoeting tussen twee werelden, Latijns Amerika 1500-1800. Amsterdam: Bert Bakker, 1989. 301 pp. - Parakitri, C.A.M. de Jong, Kompas 1965-1985; Een algemene krant met een katholieke achtergrond binnen het religieus pluralisme van Indonesie, Kampen: Kok, 1990. - C.A. van Peursen, J. van Baal, Mysterie als openbaring. Utrecht: ISOR, 1990. - Harry A. Poeze, R.A. Longmire, Soviet relations with South-East Asia; An historical survey. London-New York: Kegan Paul International, 1989, x + 176 pp. - Harry A. Poeze, Ann Swift, The road to Madiun; The Indonesian communist uprising of 1948. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell Modern Indonesia Project (Monograph series 69), 1989, xii + 116 pp. - Alex van Stipriaan, Cornelis Ch. Goslinga, The Dutch in the Caribbean and in Surinam 1791/5 - 1942, Assen/Maastricht: Van Gorcum, 1990. xii + 812 pp. - A. Teeuw, Keith Foulcher, Social commitment in literature and the arts: The Indonesian ‘Institute of People’s culture’ 1950-1965, Clayton, Victoria: Southeast Asian studies, Monash University (Centre of Southeast Asian studies), 1986, vii + 234 pp. - Elly Touwen-Bouwsma, T. Friend, The blue-eyed enemy; Japan against the West in Java and Luzon, 1942-1945. New Jersey: Princeton University press, 1988, 325 pp.

The proponents of this research developed their interests to look into every good points a community-based relapse prevention program being implemented by a particular local community among low-risk drug-users surrenderers. This included appreciating the design of the program and how it impacted the participants and the community of Barangay Salapan, San Juan City. All these being viewed from the underlying principles of restorative justice, in the pursuit of describing how the sanctity and dignity of human life is being restored using the five stages of appreciative inquiry as method of analysis. The rehabilitation program being implemented by the local community and supported by the local government provided a silver lining for the victims of the prohibited drugs. Initially, it helped redeem their lost personal sense of dignity, social respect and acceptance, and become a productive and significant individual members of their particular families and their beloved community. It was emphasized that the restoration of the sanctity and dignity of life demands greater openness, volunteerism, respect sincerity and discipline from each of the persons involved in the rehabilitation program. It was noted also that all the sectors of the local community should be united and unselfishly support the program regardless of political color or affiliation, religious background, economic interests and social biases, so that the sacredness and dignity of life which is very primal as a value will be constructively attained. References Brabant, K. V. (2015). Effective advising in state building and peacebuilding contexts-how: appreciative inquiry. Geneva,International Peacebuilding Advisory Team Byron, W. (1998). The building blocks of catholic social teaching. AmericaCaday, F. (2017). Causes of drug abuse among college students: The Philippine experience. Ifugao State University, Philippines. The International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities InventionCoghlan, A., Preskill, H. and Catsambas, T.T. An overview of appreciative inquiry in evaluation. Retrieved from http://www.rismes.it/pdf/Preskill.pdf.Cooperrider, D. and Whitney, D. (2005). A positive revolution in change: Appreciative inquiry. Case Western Reserve University, The Taos InstituteDangerous Drugs Board, Office of the President. (2016). Oplan Sagip, Guidelines on voluntarily surrenderer of drug users and dependents and monitoring mechanism of barangay anti-drug abuse campaigns. Board Regulation No. 4. Office of the President. Republic of the Philippines.Gómez, M.P.M., Bracho, C.A. and Hernández, M. (2014). Appreciative inquiry, a constant in social work. Social Sciences, SciencePublihing Group. Spain John Paul II. (1987). Solicitudo Rei Socialis. Libreria Editrice Vaticana Helliwell, J. F. (2011). Institutions as enablers of wellbeing: TheSingapore prison case study. British Columbia. University of British Columbia. International Journal of WellbeingHimes, K. (2001). Responses to 101 questions on social catholic teaching manwah. Paulist Press St. Columban’s Mission Society. Mazo, G. N., (2017). Transformational rehabilitation: Communitybased intervention to end the drug menace. International Journal of Research - Granthaalayah, 5(12), 183-190. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1133854.Morales, S.,Corpus, R. and Oliver, R. (2013). Appreciative inquiry approach on environmental stewardship on the issues of the West Philippine Sea. Polytechnic University of the Philippines. National Youth Congress 2013 of the PhilippinesMikulich, A. (2012). Catholic social thought and restorative justice. Jesuit Social Research InstitutePloch, A. (2012). Why dignity matters: Dignity and the right (or not) to rehabilitation from international and national perspectives. New York University Journal of International Law and Politics. New York University School of Law.Pope Francis. (2015). Laudato si. Vatican City. Leberia Editrice Vaticana.Sakai, K.(2005). Research on the trends in drug abuse and effective measures for the treatment of the drug abusers in asian countries an analysis of innovative measures for the treatment of drug abusers. Tokyo, Japan. United Nations Asia and Far East Institute (UNAFEI)Sanchez, Z.M. and Nappo, S.A. (2008). Religious intervention and recovery from drug addiction. Rev Saúde Pública. Universidade Federal de São Paulo. São Paulo, SP, BrasilSandu, A. and Damian, S. (2012). Applying appreciative inquiry principles in the restorative justice field. Romania. Lumen Publishing House.Shuayb, M., Sharp, C., Judkins, M. and Hetherington M. (2009). Using appreciative inquiry in educational research: possibilities and limitations. Report. Slough: NFER.Yip, P., Cheung, S.L., Tsang, S.,Tse, S., Ling, W.O., Laidler, K., Wong, P., Law, and F., Wong, L.(2011). A study on drug abuse among youths and family relationship. University of HongKong

Conventional opinion has held that the Equitable Building (1912-1915) at 120 South Broadway in New York was the embodiment of all that was wrong with skyscrapers, and that it was thus a major cause of the 1916 zoning ordinance which restricted the height, size, and arrangement of buildings in the city. A closer look at the evidence reveals that a blueprint for the zoning regulation was complete in 1913 when the Equitable had just been begun. In the clash of conflicting ideologies surrounding the zoning movement, the Equitable was more a convenient symbol, a handy scapegoat in the heat of contemporary rhetoric, than a principal cause of the new ordinance. The earlier misjudgment has obscured the building's place in two other areas in the history of architecture: elevator engineering, and the adaptation of management techniques to building construction.

ABSTRAK Industri fashion muslim di Indonesia saat ini sedang mengalami transformasi besar yang didorong oleh beberapa tren. Seiring dengan adanya transformasi teknologi saat ini, media sosial sebagai tempat berekspresi diri mendorong munculnya fast fashion yang mengacu pada praktik industri di mana pelaku industri fashion menawarkan berbagai macam produk baru dengan konsep pergantian mode yang cepat dan paling disukai pasar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh store attribute terhadap customer experience, dan brand loyalty pada toko Hijup. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan kuesioner yang melibatkan 150 responden yang pernah mengunjungi dan berbelanja di toko Hijup dalam 12 bulan terakhir. Metode Path Analysis dilakukan untuk mengetahui bagaimana store attributes mempengaruhi customer experience dan brand loyalty dalam industri ritel fashion. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa store attribute memiliki pengaruh positif signifikan terhadap customer experience di dalam toko Hijup. Kemudian, ditemukan juga pengaruh positif signifikan antara customer experience terhadap brand loyalty. Adanya penelitian ini diharapkan dapat membantu toko Hijup sebagai pelaku retail khususnya di industri fashion muslim untuk meningkatkan store attribute mereka sehingga para peretail dapat menciptakan loyalitas bagi konsumen mereka. Kata kunci: Store Attribute, Customer Experience, Brand Loyalty, Toko Hijup. ABSTRACT The Muslim fashion industry in Indonesia is currently undergoing a major transformation shared by several trends. Along with the current technological transformation, social media as a place for self-expression encourages the emergence of fast fashion which refers to industrial practices where fashion industry players offer a variety of new products with the concept of rapid change and are most favored by the market. This study aims to determine how the influence of store attributes on customer experience, and brand loyalty at Hijup stores. Data were collected using questionnaires involving 150 respondents who had visited and purchased at Hijup stores in the last 12 months. The path Analysis method was conducted to find out how store attributes affect customer experience and brand loyalty in the fashion retail industry. The results showed that store attributes had a significant positive effect on customer experience in Hijup stores. Then, it was also found that there was a significant positive effect between customer experience on brand loyalty. This research is expected to help Hijup stores as retail players, especially in the Muslim fashion industry to increase their store attributes so that retailers can create loyalty for their consumers. Keywords: Store Attribute, Customer Experience, Brand Loyalty, Hijup Store. DAFTAR PUSTAKA Bıçakcıoğlu, N., Ilayda, İ., & Bayraktaroğlu, G. (2016). Antecedents and outcomes of brand love: the mediating role of brand loyalty. Journal of Marketing Communications, 24(8), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/13527266.2016.1244108 Bilgihan, A. (2016). Gen Y customer loyalty in online shopping: An integrated model of trust, user experience and branding. Computers in Human Behavior, 61, 103–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.03.014 BRP & Windstream E. (2018). Retail’s digital crossroads: The race to meet shopper expectations. Retrieved from https://www.windstreamenterprise.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/windstream-retail-pov.pdf Choi, T. (2013). Fast fashion systems: Theories and applications. Florida USA: CRC Press. Finn, A. (2004). A reassessment of the dimensionality of retail performance: a multivariate generalizability theory perspective. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 11(4), 235-245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0969-6989(03)00050-X Gentile, C., Spiller, N., & Noci, G. (2007). How to sustain the customer experience: an overview of experience components that co-create value with the customer. European Management Journal, 25(5), 395-410. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2007.08.005 Ghosh, P., Tripathi, V., & Kumar, A. (2010). Customer expectations of store attributes: A study of organized retail outlets in India. Journal of Retail & Leisure Property, 9(1), 75-87. Giddens. (2002). Customer loyalty: Menumbuhkan dan mempertahankan kesetiaan pelanggan. Jakarta: Erlangga. Hartman, K. B., & Spiro, R. L. (2005). Recapturing store image in customer-based store equity: a construct conceptualization. Journal of Business Research, 58(8), 1112-1120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2004.01.008 Jackson, C. (2006). Driving brand loyalty on the web. DMI Review, 17(1), 62-67. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1948-7169.2006.tb00031.x Khan, I., Hollebeek, L. D., Fatma, M., Islam, J. U., & Arkonsuo, L. R. (2020). Customer experience and commitment in retailing: Does customer age matter? Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2020.102219 Lemon, K. N., & Verhoef, P. V. (2016). Understanding customer experience throughout the customer journey. Journal of Marketing, 80(6), 69–96. https://doi.org/10.1509%2Fjm.15.0420 Lindquist, J. D. (1974). Meaning of image. Journal of Retailing, 50(4), 29-38. Mohd-Ramly, S., & Omar, N. A. (2017). Exploring the influence of store attributes on customer experience and customer engagement. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 45(11), 1138–1158. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJRDM-04-2016-0049. Jain, R., Aagja, J., & Bagdare, S. (2017). Customer experience–a review and research agenda. Journal of Service Theory and Practice, 27(3), 642–662. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSTP-03-2015-0064. Nikhashemi, S. R., Tarofder, A. K., Gaur, S. S., & Haque, A. (2016). The Effect of customers’ perceived value of retail store on relationship between store attribute and customer brand loyalty: Some insights from Malaysia. Procedia Economics and Finance, 37, 432–438. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(16)30148-4 Machtiger, Kate. (2020). What will the retail experience of the future look like?. Harvard Business Review. Retrieved from https://hbr.org/2020/06/what-will-the-retail-experience-of-the-future-look-like Shaw, C., & Ivens, J. (2007). Building great customer experience. New York: Palgrave, Macmillan The Jakarta Post. (2020). Indonesia's e-commerce sales to surpass India's. Retrieved from https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2020/09/08/indonesias-e-commerce-sales-to-surpass-indias.html Verhoef, P. C., Lemon, K. N., Parasuraman, A., Roggeven, A., Tsiros, M., & Schlesinger, L. A. (2009). Customer experience creation: Determinants, dynamics and management strategies. Journal of Retailing, 85(1), 31–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretai.2008.11.001. Wang, C. H., & Ha, S. (2011). Store attributes influencing relationship marketing: A study of department stores. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management: An International Journal, 15(3), 326–344. doi:10.1108/13612021111151923 Williams, L., Buoye, A., Keiningham, T. L., Aksoy, L. (2020). The practitioners’ path to customer loyalty: Memorable experiences or frictionless experiences? Journal of Retailing Consumer Service, 57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2020.102215

ABSTRAK Industri fashion muslim di Indonesia saat ini sedang mengalami transformasi besar yang didorong oleh beberapa tren. Seiring dengan adanya transformasi teknologi saat ini, media sosial sebagai tempat berekspresi diri mendorong munculnya fast fashion yang mengacu pada praktik industri di mana pelaku industri fashion menawarkan berbagai macam produk baru dengan konsep pergantian mode yang cepat dan paling disukai pasar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh store attribute terhadap customer experience, dan brand loyalty pada toko Hijup. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan kuesioner yang melibatkan 150 responden yang pernah mengunjungi dan berbelanja di toko Hijup dalam 12 bulan terakhir. Metode Path Analysis dilakukan untuk mengetahui bagaimana store attributes mempengaruhi customer experience dan brand loyalty dalam industri ritel fashion. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa store attribute memiliki pengaruh positif signifikan terhadap customer experience di dalam toko Hijup. Kemudian, ditemukan juga pengaruh positif signifikan antara customer experience terhadap brand loyalty. Adanya penelitian ini diharapkan dapat membantu toko Hijup sebagai pelaku retail khususnya di industri fashion muslim untuk meningkatkan store attribute mereka sehingga para peretail dapat menciptakan loyalitas bagi konsumen mereka. Kata kunci: Store Attribute, Customer Experience, Brand Loyalty, Toko Hijup. ABSTRACT The Muslim fashion industry in Indonesia is currently undergoing a major transformation shared by several trends. Along with the current technological transformation, social media as a place for self-expression encourages the emergence of fast fashion which refers to industrial practices where fashion industry players offer a variety of new products with the concept of rapid change and are most favored by the market. This study aims to determine how the influence of store attributes on customer experience, and brand loyalty at Hijup stores. Data were collected using questionnaires involving 150 respondents who had visited and purchased at Hijup stores in the last 12 months. The path Analysis method was conducted to find out how store attributes affect customer experience and brand loyalty in the fashion retail industry. The results showed that store attributes had a significant positive effect on customer experience in Hijup stores. Then, it was also found that there was a significant positive effect between customer experience on brand loyalty. This research is expected to help Hijup stores as retail players, especially in the Muslim fashion industry to increase their store attributes so that retailers can create loyalty for their consumers. Keywords: Store Attribute, Customer Experience, Brand Loyalty, Hijup Store. DAFTAR PUSTAKA Bıçakcıoğlu, N., Ilayda, İ., & Bayraktaroğlu, G. (2016). Antecedents and outcomes of brand love: the mediating role of brand loyalty. Journal of Marketing Communications, 24(8), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/13527266.2016.1244108 Bilgihan, A. (2016). Gen Y customer loyalty in online shopping: An integrated model of trust, user experience and branding. Computers in Human Behavior, 61, 103–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.03.014 BRP & Windstream E. (2018). Retail’s digital crossroads: The race to meet shopper expectations. Retrieved from https://www.windstreamenterprise.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/windstream-retail-pov.pdf Choi, T. (2013). Fast fashion systems: Theories and applications. Florida USA: CRC Press. Finn, A. (2004). A reassessment of the dimensionality of retail performance: a multivariate generalizability theory perspective. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 11(4), 235-245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0969-6989(03)00050-X Gentile, C., Spiller, N., & Noci, G. (2007). How to sustain the customer experience: an overview of experience components that co-create value with the customer. European Management Journal, 25(5), 395-410. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2007.08.005 Ghosh, P., Tripathi, V., & Kumar, A. (2010). Customer expectations of store attributes: A study of organized retail outlets in India. Journal of Retail & Leisure Property, 9(1), 75-87. Giddens. (2002). Customer loyalty: Menumbuhkan dan mempertahankan kesetiaan pelanggan. Jakarta: Erlangga. Hartman, K. B., & Spiro, R. L. (2005). Recapturing store image in customer-based store equity: a construct conceptualization. Journal of Business Research, 58(8), 1112-1120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2004.01.008 Jackson, C. (2006). Driving brand loyalty on the web. DMI Review, 17(1), 62-67. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1948-7169.2006.tb00031.x Khan, I., Hollebeek, L. D., Fatma, M., Islam, J. U., & Arkonsuo, L. R. (2020). Customer experience and commitment in retailing: Does customer age matter? Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2020.102219 Lemon, K. N., & Verhoef, P. V. (2016). Understanding customer experience throughout the customer journey. Journal of Marketing, 80(6), 69–96. https://doi.org/10.1509%2Fjm.15.0420 Lindquist, J. D. (1974). Meaning of image. Journal of Retailing, 50(4), 29-38. Mohd-Ramly, S., & Omar, N. A. (2017). Exploring the influence of store attributes on customer experience and customer engagement. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 45(11), 1138–1158. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJRDM-04-2016-0049. Jain, R., Aagja, J., & Bagdare, S. (2017). Customer experience–a review and research agenda. Journal of Service Theory and Practice, 27(3), 642–662. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSTP-03-2015-0064. Nikhashemi, S. R., Tarofder, A. K., Gaur, S. S., & Haque, A. (2016). The Effect of customers’ perceived value of retail store on relationship between store attribute and customer brand loyalty: Some insights from Malaysia. Procedia Economics and Finance, 37, 432–438. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(16)30148-4 Machtiger, Kate. (2020). What will the retail experience of the future look like?. Harvard Business Review. Retrieved from https://hbr.org/2020/06/what-will-the-retail-experience-of-the-future-look-like Shaw, C., & Ivens, J. (2007). Building great customer experience. New York: Palgrave, Macmillan The Jakarta Post. (2020). Indonesia's e-commerce sales to surpass India's. Retrieved from https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2020/09/08/indonesias-e-commerce-sales-to-surpass-indias.html Verhoef, P. C., Lemon, K. N., Parasuraman, A., Roggeven, A., Tsiros, M., & Schlesinger, L. A. (2009). Customer experience creation: Determinants, dynamics and management strategies. Journal of Retailing, 85(1), 31–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretai.2008.11.001. Wang, C. H., & Ha, S. (2011). Store attributes influencing relationship marketing: A study of department stores. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management: An International Journal, 15(3), 326–344. doi:10.1108/13612021111151923 Williams, L., Buoye, A., Keiningham, T. L., Aksoy, L. (2020). The practitioners’ path to customer loyalty: Memorable experiences or frictionless experiences? Journal of Retailing Consumer Service, 57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2020.102215

In the 1850s a diverse, sometimes discordant, collection of New York City public officials, reformers, and physicians came jointly to the conclusion that their city's foundlings constituted a problem in need of immediate solution. While once they had allowed abandoned babies to languish in the almshouse — where their death rate at times reached 100 percent — they now felt that the plight of these unwanted waifs was a judgment on themselves and their society that had to be addressed.Pressed into action by a force made of both sympathy and anxiety, they got to work. In the decade before the Civil War municipal officials assembled committees to look into the possibility of building a public foundling asylum, reformers conducted investigations, and the press hovered — prodding, accusing, and carrying out investigations of its own. The Civil War brought all this activity to a halt, but as soon as the war was over it resumed. In less than a decade following the end of the war four foundling asylums opened in a city that previously had not had a single one.Why did these citizens identify the phenomenon of infant abandonment as a problem when they did? What sort of a problem did they think it was? The answers to these questions reveal at least as much about their collective anxieties about such matters as rapid urban growth and fallen women as they do about the plight of the unwanted children they tried to help.It is difficult to understand this shift in sensibility without understanding what came before it. Antebellum New Yorkers, like their European counterparts, equated infant abandonment with illegitimacy.

These days, it is impossible to look at the news without finding Facebook in one headline or another. Many are prompted by the leaking of personal information. But a few critics have also called attention to a different kind of problem, having less to do with privacy than with the nature of Facebook as a social medium. Writing in the New York Review of Books, Charles Petersen makes much of its genesis in an Ivy League dorm room: “While Microsoft could as easily have originated at MIT or Caltech, it was no accident that Facebook came from Harvard.” He goes on to analyze the ethos of the site as the digital equivalent of the preppie look: well scrubbed and well behaved, prankish on occasion but in the end clean and safe and bland. The site's juvenile “principle of in loco parentis” has given way to the “authoritarian building codes” of the suburbs, with more legroom perhaps but no less supervised and no less homogeneous, a “chilling and puritanical atmosphere” (9–10).

The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the use of digital platforms and software for operating remotely and encouraged employers to reshape the workplace for social distancing. But it is not at all clear what these arrangements will mean for cities that have spent the past decade building an ‘innovation complex’ around physical density, digital technology and real estate development. On the one hand, many parts of the tech ecosystem that relied on face-to-face interaction – such as coworking spaces, hackathons and venture capitalists’ mentoring of start-up founders – have already moved online. On the other hand, cutting tech ecosystems loose from place-based offices, labour markets and institutional networks puts cities’ economic future at risk. This could drastically weaken the value of the city’s fixed capital of buildings and land, its social capital of institutional networks and communities, and its human capital of workers with tech skills. Yet partnering with tech leaders to ‘reimagine’ the city could advance the power of Big Tech. To try to understand which parts of the urban tech ecosystem will likely survive the pandemic, I take a critical look at how the discursive, organisational and geographical spaces of a planetary Silicon Valley culture became embedded in New York between 2010 and 2020.

In the reviewed collection of articles, readers are invited to look at various experiences of human mobility through the lens of time. Pace and pacing, categories that are relatively new to social sciences, form a starting point for the discussion. Building upon ethnographies of primarily European and North American communities, contributors discuss ways in which people practice, experience and reflect upon their movements, informed by ideas of a satisfying or a desired pace of life. Pace and pacing become a common denominator for a wide range of subjects and cases, promising to make up a useful focus in future anthropological projects. Yet, in some of the chapters—as well as in the general conceptual framework—boundaries between ethic and emic usages of pace and pacing remain unclear and invite further discussion.

Abstract n this scientific work, the possibilities and potential of building a career for student youth are studied, a strategy for the application of professional and educational skills through the prism of opportunities and socio-economic relations in society is being worked out. The aim of the work is to develop an effective learning strategy and improve their own skills for student youth in the process of career growth. To achieve the goal, a career development plan for student youth is formed, highlighting the main stages of this development process. A list of subjects of career management and their functions is also formed, taking into account the age characteristics of building a career and defining a system of tasks and values for each generation of citizens.Student youth is a social group of people of a certain age, united by the desire to acquire new knowledge for their further application in building their future life path. The difficulties of perception, learning and building a career depend on the inherent and defining features of this generation, actively combining technologies of digital and physical spaces, which makes us take a fresh look at building a career strategy for people belonging to this generation. The scientific basis of the work is Russian and foreign monographs, opinions and assessments of experts in the field and regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation.

Nationalism: Past as Prologue began as a single volume being compiled by Ad Akande, a scholar from South Africa, who proposed it to me as co-author about two years ago. The original idea was to examine how the damaging roots of nationalism have been corroding political systems around the world, and creating dangerous obstacles for necessary international cooperation. Since I (Bruce E. Johansen) has written profusely about climate change (global warming, a.k.a. infrared forcing), I suggested a concerted effort in that direction. This is a worldwide existential threat that affects every living thing on Earth. It often compounds upon itself, so delays in reducing emissions of fossil fuels are shortening the amount of time remaining to eliminate the use of fossil fuels to preserve a livable planet. Nationalism often impedes solutions to this problem (among many others), as nations place their singular needs above the common good. Our initial proposal got around, and abstracts on many subjects arrived. Within a few weeks, we had enough good material for a 100,000-word book. The book then fattened to two moderate volumes and then to four two very hefty tomes. We tried several different titles as good submissions swelled. We also discovered that our best contributors were experts in their fields, which ranged the world. We settled on three stand-alone books:” 1/ nationalism and racial justice. Our first volume grew as the growth of Black Lives Matter following the brutal killing of George Floyd ignited protests over police brutality and other issues during 2020, following the police assassination of Floyd in Minneapolis. It is estimated that more people took part in protests of police brutality during the summer of 2020 than any other series of marches in United States history. This includes upheavals during the 1960s over racial issues and against the war in Southeast Asia (notably Vietnam). We choose a volume on racism because it is one of nationalism’s main motive forces. This volume provides a worldwide array of work on nationalism’s growth in various countries, usually by authors residing in them, or in the United States with ethnic ties to the nation being examined, often recent immigrants to the United States from them. Our roster of contributors comprises a small United Nations of insightful, well-written research and commentary from Indonesia, New Zealand, Australia, China, India, South Africa, France, Portugal, Estonia, Hungary, Russia, Poland, Kazakhstan, Georgia, and the United States. Volume 2 (this one) describes and analyzes nationalism, by country, around the world, except for the United States; and 3/material directly related to President Donald Trump, and the United States. The first volume is under consideration at the Texas A & M University Press. The other two are under contract to Nova Science Publishers (which includes social sciences). These three volumes may be used individually or as a set. Environmental material is taken up in appropriate places in each of the three books. * * * * * What became the United States of America has been strongly nationalist since the English of present-day Massachusetts and Jamestown first hit North America’s eastern shores. The country propelled itself across North America with the self-serving ideology of “manifest destiny” for four centuries before Donald Trump came along. Anyone who believes that a Trumpian affection for deportation of “illegals” is a new thing ought to take a look at immigration and deportation statistics in Adam Goodman’s The Deportation Machine: America’s Long History of Deporting Immigrants (Princeton University Press, 2020). Between 1920 and 2018, the United States deported 56.3 million people, compared with 51.7 million who were granted legal immigration status during the same dates. Nearly nine of ten deportees were Mexican (Nolan, 2020, 83). This kind of nationalism, has become an assassin of democracy as well as an impediment to solving global problems. Paul Krugman wrote in the New York Times (2019:A-25): that “In their 2018 book, How Democracies Die, the political scientists Steven Levitsky and Daniel Ziblatt documented how this process has played out in many countries, from Vladimir Putin’s Russia, to Recep Erdogan’s Turkey, to Viktor Orban’s Hungary. Add to these India’s Narendra Modi, China’s Xi Jinping, and the United States’ Donald Trump, among others. Bit by bit, the guardrails of democracy have been torn down, as institutions meant to serve the public became tools of ruling parties and self-serving ideologies, weaponized to punish and intimidate opposition parties’ opponents. On paper, these countries are still democracies; in practice, they have become one-party regimes….And it’s happening here [the United States] as we speak. If you are not worried about the future of American democracy, you aren’t paying attention” (Krugmam, 2019, A-25). We are reminded continuously that the late Carl Sagan, one of our most insightful scientific public intellectuals, had an interesting theory about highly developed civilizations. Given the number of stars and planets that must exist in the vast reaches of the universe, he said, there must be other highly developed and organized forms of life. Distance may keep us from making physical contact, but Sagan said that another reason we may never be on speaking terms with another intelligent race is (judging from our own example) could be their penchant for destroying themselves in relatively short order after reaching technological complexity. This book’s chapters, introduction, and conclusion examine the worldwide rise of partisan nationalism and the damage it has wrought on the worldwide pursuit of solutions for issues requiring worldwide scope, such scientific co-operation public health and others, mixing analysis of both. We use both historical description and analysis. This analysis concludes with a description of why we must avoid the isolating nature of nationalism that isolates people and encourages separation if we are to deal with issues of world-wide concern, and to maintain a sustainable, survivable Earth, placing the dominant political movement of our time against the Earth’s existential crises. Our contributors, all experts in their fields, each have assumed responsibility for a country, or two if they are related. This work entwines themes of worldwide concern with the political growth of nationalism because leaders with such a worldview are disinclined to co-operate internationally at a time when nations must find ways to solve common problems, such as the climate crisis. Inability to cooperate at this stage may doom everyone, eventually, to an overheated, stormy future plagued by droughts and deluges portending shortages of food and other essential commodities, meanwhile destroying large coastal urban areas because of rising sea levels. Future historians may look back at our time and wonder why as well as how our world succumbed to isolating nationalism at a time when time was so short for cooperative intervention which is crucial for survival of a sustainable earth. Pride in language and culture is salubrious to individuals’ sense of history and identity. Excess nationalism that prevents international co-operation on harmful worldwide maladies is quite another. As Pope Francis has pointed out: For all of our connectivity due to expansion of social media, ability to communicate can breed contempt as well as mutual trust. “For all our hyper-connectivity,” said Francis, “We witnessed a fragmentation that made it more difficult to resolve problems that affect us all” (Horowitz, 2020, A-12). The pope’s encyclical, titled “Brothers All,” also said: “The forces of myopic, extremist, resentful, and aggressive nationalism are on the rise.” The pope’s document also advocates support for migrants, as well as resistance to nationalist and tribal populism. Francis broadened his critique to the role of market capitalism, as well as nationalism has failed the peoples of the world when they need co-operation and solidarity in the face of the world-wide corona virus pandemic. Humankind needs to unite into “a new sense of the human family [Fratelli Tutti, “Brothers All”], that rejects war at all costs” (Pope, 2020, 6-A). Our journey takes us first to Russia, with the able eye and honed expertise of Richard D. Anderson, Jr. who teaches as UCLA and publishes on the subject of his chapter: “Putin, Russian identity, and Russia’s conduct at home and abroad.” Readers should find Dr. Anderson’s analysis fascinating because Vladimir Putin, the singular leader of Russian foreign and domestic policy these days (and perhaps for the rest of his life, given how malleable Russia’s Constitution has become) may be a short man physically, but has high ambitions. One of these involves restoring the old Russian (and Soviet) empire, which would involve re-subjugating a number of nations that broke off as the old order dissolved about 30 years ago. President (shall we say czar?) Putin also has international ambitions, notably by destabilizing the United States, where election meddling has become a specialty. The sight of Putin and U.S. president Donald Trump, two very rich men (Putin $70-$200 billion; Trump $2.5 billion), nuzzling in friendship would probably set Thomas Jefferson and Vladimir Lenin spinning in their graves. The road of history can take some unanticipated twists and turns. Consider Poland, from which we have an expert native analysis in chapter 2, Bartosz Hlebowicz, who is a Polish anthropologist and journalist. His piece is titled “Lawless and Unjust: How to Quickly Make Your Own Country a Puppet State Run by a Group of Hoodlums – the Hopeless Case of Poland (2015–2020).” When I visited Poland to teach and lecture twice between 2006 and 2008, most people seemed to be walking on air induced by freedom to conduct their own affairs to an unusual degree for a state usually squeezed between nationalists in Germany and Russia. What did the Poles then do in a couple of decades? Read Hlebowicz’ chapter and decide. It certainly isn’t soft-bellied liberalism. In Chapter 3, with Bruce E. Johansen, we visit China’s western provinces, the lands of Tibet as well as the Uighurs and other Muslims in the Xinjiang region, who would most assuredly resent being characterized as being possessed by the Chinese of the Han to the east. As a student of Native American history, I had never before thought of the Tibetans and Uighurs as Native peoples struggling against the Independence-minded peoples of a land that is called an adjunct of China on most of our maps. The random act of sitting next to a young woman on an Air India flight out of Hyderabad, bound for New Delhi taught me that the Tibetans had something to share with the Lakota, the Iroquois, and hundreds of other Native American states and nations in North America. Active resistance to Chinese rule lasted into the mid-nineteenth century, and continues today in a subversive manner, even in song, as I learned in 2018 when I acted as a foreign adjudicator on a Ph.D. dissertation by a Tibetan student at the University of Madras (in what is now in a city called Chennai), in southwestern India on resistance in song during Tibet’s recent history. Tibet is one of very few places on Earth where a young dissident can get shot to death for singing a song that troubles China’s Quest for Lebensraum. The situation in Xinjiang region, where close to a million Muslims have been interned in “reeducation” camps surrounded with brick walls and barbed wire. They sing, too. Come with us and hear the music. Back to Europe now, in Chapter 4, to Portugal and Spain, we find a break in the general pattern of nationalism. Portugal has been more progressive governmentally than most. Spain varies from a liberal majority to military coups, a pattern which has been exported to Latin America. A situation such as this can make use of the term “populism” problematic, because general usage in our time usually ties the word into a right-wing connotative straightjacket. “Populism” can be used to describe progressive (left-wing) insurgencies as well. José Pinto, who is native to Portugal and also researches and writes in Spanish as well as English, in “Populism in Portugal and Spain: a Real Neighbourhood?” provides insight into these historical paradoxes. Hungary shares some historical inclinations with Poland (above). Both emerged from Soviet dominance in an air of developing freedom and multicultural diversity after the Berlin Wall fell and the Soviet Union collapsed. Then, gradually at first, right wing-forces began to tighten up, stripping structures supporting popular freedom, from the courts, mass media, and other institutions. In Chapter 5, Bernard Tamas, in “From Youth Movement to Right-Liberal Wing Authoritarianism: The Rise of Fidesz and the Decline of Hungarian Democracy” puts the renewed growth of political and social repression into a context of worldwide nationalism. Tamas, an associate professor of political science at Valdosta State University, has been a postdoctoral fellow at Harvard University and a Fulbright scholar at the Central European University in Budapest, Hungary. His books include From Dissident to Party Politics: The Struggle for Democracy in Post-Communist Hungary (2007). Bear in mind that not everyone shares Orbán’s vision of what will make this nation great, again. On graffiti-covered walls in Budapest, Runes (traditional Hungarian script) has been found that read “Orbán is a motherfucker” (Mikanowski, 2019, 58). Also in Europe, in Chapter 6, Professor Ronan Le Coadic, of the University of Rennes, Rennes, France, in “Is There a Revival of French Nationalism?” Stating this title in the form of a question is quite appropriate because France’s nationalistic shift has built and ebbed several times during the last few decades. For a time after 2000, it came close to assuming the role of a substantial minority, only to ebb after that. In 2017, the candidate of the National Front reached the second round of the French presidential election. This was the second time this nationalist party reached the second round of the presidential election in the history of the Fifth Republic. In 2002, however, Jean-Marie Le Pen had only obtained 17.79% of the votes, while fifteen years later his daughter, Marine Le Pen, almost doubled her father's record, reaching 33.90% of the votes cast. Moreover, in the 2019 European elections, re-named Rassemblement National obtained the largest number of votes of all French political formations and can therefore boast of being "the leading party in France.” The brutality of oppressive nationalism may be expressed in personal relationships, such as child abuse. While Indonesia and Aotearoa [the Maoris’ name for New Zealand] hold very different ranks in the United Nations Human Development Programme assessments, where Indonesia is classified as a medium development country and Aotearoa New Zealand as a very high development country. In Chapter 7, “Domestic Violence Against Women in Indonesia and Aotearoa New Zealand: Making Sense of Differences and Similarities” co-authors, in Chapter 8, Mandy Morgan and Dr. Elli N. Hayati, from New Zealand and Indonesia respectively, found that despite their socio-economic differences, one in three women in each country experience physical or sexual intimate partner violence over their lifetime. In this chapter ther authors aim to deepen understandings of domestic violence through discussion of the socio-economic and demographic characteristics of theit countries to address domestic violence alongside studies of women’s attitudes to gender norms and experiences of intimate partner violence. One of the most surprising and upsetting scholarly journeys that a North American student may take involves Adolf Hitler’s comments on oppression of American Indians and Blacks as he imagined the construction of the Nazi state, a genesis of nationalism that is all but unknown in the United States of America, traced in this volume (Chapter 8) by co-editor Johansen. Beginning in Mein Kampf, during the 1920s, Hitler explicitly used the westward expansion of the United States across North America as a model and justification for Nazi conquest and anticipated colonization by Germans of what the Nazis called the “wild East” – the Slavic nations of Poland, the Baltic states, Ukraine, and Russia, most of which were under control of the Soviet Union. The Volga River (in Russia) was styled by Hitler as the Germans’ Mississippi, and covered wagons were readied for the German “manifest destiny” of imprisoning, eradicating, and replacing peoples the Nazis deemed inferior, all with direct references to events in North America during the previous century. At the same time, with no sense of contradiction, the Nazis partook of a long-standing German romanticism of Native Americans. One of Goebbels’ less propitious schemes was to confer honorary Aryan status on Native American tribes, in the hope that they would rise up against their oppressors. U.S. racial attitudes were “evidence [to the Nazis] that America was evolving in the right direction, despite its specious rhetoric about equality.” Ming Xie, originally from Beijing, in the People’s Republic of China, in Chapter 9, “News Coverage and Public Perceptions of the Social Credit System in China,” writes that The State Council of China in 2014 announced “that a nationwide social credit system would be established” in China. “Under this system, individuals, private companies, social organizations, and governmental agencies are assigned a score which will be calculated based on their trustworthiness and daily actions such as transaction history, professional conduct, obedience to law, corruption, tax evasion, and academic plagiarism.” The “nationalism” in this case is that of the state over the individual. China has 1.4 billion people; this system takes their measure for the purpose of state control. Once fully operational, control will be more subtle. People who are subject to it, through modern technology (most often smart phones) will prompt many people to self-censor. Orwell, modernized, might write: “Your smart phone is watching you.” Ming Xie holds two Ph.Ds, one in Public Administration from University of Nebraska at Omaha and another in Cultural Anthropology from the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing, where she also worked for more than 10 years at a national think tank in the same institution. While there she summarized news from non-Chinese sources for senior members of the Chinese Communist Party. Ming is presently an assistant professor at the Department of Political Science and Criminal Justice, West Texas A&M University. In Chapter 10, analyzing native peoples and nationhood, Barbara Alice Mann, Professor of Honours at the University of Toledo, in “Divide, et Impera: The Self-Genocide Game” details ways in which European-American invaders deprive the conquered of their sense of nationhood as part of a subjugation system that amounts to genocide, rubbing out their languages and cultures -- and ultimately forcing the native peoples to assimilate on their own, for survival in a culture that is foreign to them. Mann is one of Native American Studies’ most acute critics of conquests’ contradictions, and an author who retrieves Native history with a powerful sense of voice and purpose, having authored roughly a dozen books and numerous book chapters, among many other works, who has traveled around the world lecturing and publishing on many subjects. Nalanda Roy and S. Mae Pedron in Chapter 11, “Understanding the Face of Humanity: The Rohingya Genocide.” describe one of the largest forced migrations in the history of the human race, the removal of 700,000 to 800,000 Muslims from Buddhist Myanmar to Bangladesh, which itself is already one of the most crowded and impoverished nations on Earth. With about 150 million people packed into an area the size of Nebraska and Iowa (population less than a tenth that of Bangladesh, a country that is losing land steadily to rising sea levels and erosion of the Ganges river delta. The Rohingyas’ refugee camp has been squeezed onto a gigantic, eroding, muddy slope that contains nearly no vegetation. However, Bangladesh is majority Muslim, so while the Rohingya may starve, they won’t be shot to death by marauding armies. Both authors of this exquisite (and excruciating) account teach at Georgia Southern University in Savannah, Georgia, Roy as an associate professor of International Studies and Asian politics, and Pedron as a graduate student; Roy originally hails from very eastern India, close to both Myanmar and Bangladesh, so he has special insight into the context of one of the most brutal genocides of our time, or any other. This is our case describing the problems that nationalism has and will pose for the sustainability of the Earth as our little blue-and-green orb becomes more crowded over time. The old ways, in which national arguments often end in devastating wars, are obsolete, given that the Earth and all the people, plants, and other animals that it sustains are faced with the existential threat of a climate crisis that within two centuries, more or less, will flood large parts of coastal cities, and endanger many species of plants and animals. To survive, we must listen to the Earth, and observe her travails, because they are increasingly our own.

AbstractInternationally there is growing interest in how young children engage with and learn concepts of science and sustainability in their everyday lives. These concepts are often built through nature and outdoor play in young children. Through the dialectical concept of everyday and scientific concept formation (Vygotsky LS, The collected works of L.S. Vygotsky. Problems of general psychology, V.1, (Trans. N Minick). Editor of English Translation, RW Rieber, and AS Carton, New York: Kluwer Academic and Plenum Publishers, 1987), this chapter presents a study of how families transformatively draw attention to STEM and sustainability concepts in the everyday practices of the home. The research followed a focus child (4–5 year old) from four families as they navigated everyday life and talked about the environments in which they live. Australia as a culturally diverse community was reflected in the families, whose heritage originated in Europe, Iran, India, Nepal and Taiwan. The study identified the multiple ways in which families introduce practices and conceptualise imagined futures and revisioning (Payne PG, J HAIA 12:2–12, 2005a). About looking after their environment. It was found that young children appear to develop concepts of STEM, but also build agency in exploration, with many of these explorations taking place in outdoor settings. We conceptualise this as a motive orientation to caring for the environment, named as E-STEM. The study emphasises for education to begin with identifying family practices and children’s explorations, as a key informant for building relevant and locally driven pedagogical practices to support environmental learning.

This chapter explores the history and architectural designs of buildings found in the Chicago Loop's Northwestern Quadrant. The Italianate-style Delaware Building stands as a noble survivor of a once much more extensive roster of Loop buildings constructed in the first few years after the Great Fire of 1871. The 1 N. LaSalle Street is another example of a building following the Grand Art Deco Formula. The chapter considers the architects at Clark Street Bridge Houses and 77 W. Wacker Drive. It also highlights the geologic features of the Hyatt Center, New York Life Building, First National Bank of Chicago and Inland Steel Building.

A house is a place where we all aspire to cherish quality time with our family. It is believed that a house functions as a home, where one spends most of the life-creating memorable moments with friends and family. With the rapid increase in world population, there has been a surge in the demand for housing space. As more and more individuals are in search of affordable and multipurpose space, it becomes even more important to design a house with a relaxing, pleasant, and aesthetically appealing interior (Husein, 2021). Today’s society is affected by urbanization, which is resulting in an increased demand for housing in the cities, lending to higher marketing prices and smaller apartments. There is a rise in the number of people struggling in present societies due to the increased population and urbanization. More people are drawn towards living in cities, which causes a rise in the number of small spaces (Urist, 2013). According to Doshi, (2019), people living in small houses face various difficulties such as the lack of clearance space, unorganized furniture arrangements, lack of storage space, improper selection of size-wise furniture which could make the room look smaller, the colour of the walls can also make the house look unpleasant, and low ceiling gives an illusion of shorter and bulkier room. Thus, to utilize the space available in the most beautiful way and with the least possible error, proper guidance is of utmost importance. Keywords : Cite : References : Desai, N. (2023). Designing Multipurpose Furniture for Small Spaces using a Combination of Interior Materials. Vadodara: Published Ph.D. Thesis. Doshi, N. (2019). Design Development and Space Utilization of selected Small Houses in Vadodara city. Vadodara: Unpublished Master's Thesis. Gandotra, V., & Patel, S. (2006). Housing for Family Living. Vadodara: Dominant Publishers and Distributors. Gauer, J. (2004). The new American dream: Living well in small homes. New York: The Monacelli Press, Inc. Husein, H. A. (2021). Multifunctional Furniture as a Smart Solution for Small Spaces for the Case of Zaniary Towers Apartments in Erbil City, Iraq. International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies, 12(1), 12A1H, 1-11. http://TUENG Rangwala, S. (2015). Building Construction. Anand, Gujarat, India: Charotar Publishing House. Rao, R. (2018). Ergonomic Evaluation of Residences (External Areas and Living Room) of the Elderly. International Journal of Research Culture Society. Vol 2, Issue 4, Apr 2018 pp.320 – 330. (201804063.pdf (ijrcs.org) Suman Singh (2007) Ergonomic Interventions for Health and Productivity. Himanshu Publications, Udaipur. ISBN: 81-7906-148-5. Susanka, S. (2000). Creating the not-so-big house: Insights and ideas for the new American home. The Taunton Press, Inc. T. (2014, August 21). Are tiny houses and micro-apartments the future of urban homes? https://www.theguardian.com/: Urist, J. (2013, December 19). The Health Risks of Small Apartments Living in tiny spaces can cause psychological problems. https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/12/the-health-risks-of-small-apartments/282150/ Wilhide, E. (2008). Small spaces: Maximizing limited spaces for living. London, England: Jacqui Small LLP.

Abstract In1994 a decade-old campaign against Wal-Mart, America’s largest retailer, exploded. Protesters chanting ‘One, two, three, four-we don’t want your Wal-Mart store’, opposed the building of new stores in Oceanside, California; Gaithersburg, Maryland; Quincy, Massachusetts; East Lam peter, Pennsylvania; Lake Placid, New York; Gallatin, Tennessee; and other com munities. One opponent-a self-employed clothing designer in Fort Collins, Colorado-summarized what was on the minds of many: ‘I really hate Wal Mart. Everything’s starting to look the same, everybody buys all the same things-a lot of small-town character is being lost. They disrupt local com munities, they hurt small businesses’ (Wall Street Journal, 11 Oct. 1994). Op position became so vocal that it attracted the pen of cartoonist Gary Trudeau, who devoted a week of his comic strip ‘Doonesbury’ to the controversy.

This chapter discusses the aftermath of the New York’s Great Fire of 1835. At precisely 9 AM on the morning of December 17, 1835, New York Herald editor James Gordon Bennett headed out to look at what quickly became known as the “Burnt District.” What he found was “heart rending in the extreme.” Not only were buildings destroyed, but boxes, bales, desks, safes, and dry goods as well as the remains of frozen fire hoses were scattered everywhere. In human terms, the damage was comparatively light; because the area served primarily as the city's business sector, only two people died. Yet the city needed to recover, and Mayor Cornelius Lawrence quickly summoned the Common Council to figure out how to safeguard the exposed property. Lawrence also formed a number of fire-related committees; there were to be inquiries to determine the cause of the fire, suggestions as to what alterations should be made to city streets, and what modifications needed to be carried out for building construction. Philip Hone and others formed a group that planned to appeal to the Albany legislature for financial aid. Unsurprisingly and inevitably, the losses sorely taxed insurance companies. Nevertheless, New York quickly got back to business, and within a year much of the damage seemed to be swept away as merchants rebuilt.

Abstract “If our descendants should ever look back at the present era in psychi- atry, they would probably call it the age of psychopharmacology,” said Harry Pennes, research director of a psychiatric hospital in Philadel- phia, at an after-dinner meeting at the New York Academy of Medicine in 1956.1 The remark was prescient. Between 1951 and 1959 a set of drugs was introduced into American psychiatry that even today has never been bested. This discovery so early of drugs that truly work is a remarkable development. One would not normally expect the first at- tempts at drug discovery to remain superior to those that came along a half century later. There is no counterpart anywhere else in medicine; it is as though the airplanes of the Wright brothers have continued to best today’s Boeing jets. In cardiology, cancer medicine, or any other medical field, we are accustomed to progress, to steady improvement, and to building upon the blocks laid down by previous generations. In psychopharmacology, such progress has not happened. If anything, we have lost knowledge, as the drugs available today are in no sense an improvement upon the pioneer generation of drugs whose efficacy we have forgotten.

<p>The use of mass timber as a structural element is not a new phenomenon. For example, within almost every major city in the world, there are upscale enclaves centered around the adaptive reuse of factories and warehouses from the late 19th and early 20th centuries. These former industrial structures are almost always constructed from masonry and mass timber.</p><p>Within the past decade, the building industry has seen a renewed interest in mass timber structures. This resurgence has been fueled by several trends, including the mass production of Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) and a growing awareness of mass timber’s sustainable advantages. A number of high-profile heavy timber structures have found commercial success in the United States and abroad. Leading architectural practices such as Skidmore Owings &amp; Merrill (SOM) have used research initiatives like the Timber Tower Research Project to jump-start a fertile debate within the design industry. On the demand side, building owners have pushed the design community to find innovative ways to incorporate mass timber into their projects.</p><p>This interest has often driven designers and builders to aggressively distinguish their projects from predecessors, pushing for pure mass timber structures while giving less consideration to hybrid structures (mass timber and masonry/concrete structures). This bias towards material purity risks ignoring important lessons from the past and may in some cases lead to inefficient structural choices and structures with less durability and sustainability than their hypothetical hybrid counterparts.</p><p>This paper posits that some of the energy generated by a resurgence in mass timber construction would be well spent on understanding, celebrating, and rediscovering the elegance and importance of hybrid structures.</p>

<p>The planning methods of Building Information Modeling (BIM) are already used as standard for the planning of buildings and bridges. 3-D models of the structures are created. From these 3-D models, 2-D drawings are derived and made available to the construction site for construction. This derivation of 2-D drawings takes a lot of work and questions the continuous digital planning process. New ways have to be developed how the information is brought from the office to the construction site and how this information is made available digitally to the workers. On the other hand, in-situ collection and post-processing of data is a highly topical issue. The techniques of Virtual and Augmented Reality look promising for that purpose. This article on the one hand shows the potentials of data glasses inside a modern BIM approach for the whole civil engineering context and on the other hand presents concepts as well as first experiences with the use of data glasses for the construction of building components within a BIM work flow. It can be shown, that data glasses are very well suited and promising for the use of transferring planning information to the construction site and vice versa.</p>

<p>The present paper relates to the design of a cable-stayed footbridge, composed by ready made elements and with span suitable to various urban and building areas. At present, in order to find a solution to traffic problems, local governments look for many ways to alleviate city’s main roads, increasing public transportation and designing dedicated underground pedestrian routes. Although this subways already built are not really used by pedestrians, which prefer wide-open spaces, such as skyways also designed for people with reduced mobility. In this context the described footbridge, with access ramps designed in accordance with accessibility standards, represents not only a good solution for cycle and pedestrian mobility problems, but it is also easy to transport and to be installed, due to its modular elements. The access ramps are suspended to pilons with inclination depending by the required bridge lengths and they can be assembled in different configurations in order to be well integrated also in limited space areas. Finally a particular focus is dedicated to cables, with dismountable end terminations designed to reduce transportation space and costs</p>

Dense urban environments are exposed to the combined effects of rising global temperatures and urban heat islands. This combination is resulting in increasing trends of energy consumption in cities, associated mostly with air conditioning to maintain indoor human comfort conditions. During periods of extreme summer weather, electrical usage usually reaches peak loads, stressing the electrical grid. The purpose of this study is to explore the use of available, high resolution weather data by effectively preparing a building for peak load management. The subject of study is a 14 floor, 620,782 sq ft building located in uptown Manhattan, New York City (40.819257 N, −73.949288 W). To precisely quantify thermal loads of the buildings for the summer conditions; a single building energy model (SBEM), the US Department of Energy EnergyPlus™ was used. The SBEM was driven by a weather file built from weather data of the urbanized weather forecasting model (uWRF), a high resolution weather model coupled to a building energy model. The SBEM configuration and simulations were calibrated with winter actual gas and electricity data using 2010 as the benchmark year. In order to show the building peak load management, demand response techniques and technologies were implemented. The methods used to prepare the building included generator usage during high peak loads and use of a thermal storage system. An ensemble of cases was analyzed using current practice, use of high resolution weather data, and use of building preparation technologies. Results indicated an average summer peak savings of more than 30% with high resolution weather data.

Fatigue life assessment is important for all floating offshore structures related to the new building stage but also related to lifetime extensions. Fatigue cracking occurs normally due to uncertainties in estimated fatigue life and this is a well-known problem for floaters. In this paper the aim has been to look deeper into the effects of improvement methods for improvement of the fatigue life of structural connections. Fatigue testing of full size fillet welded doubling plates has been performed of a specimen in as welded condition for comparison with two specimens improved by grinding. The paper also presents an alternative S-N curve for grinded details. The primary goal is to assess the possibility for fatigue life improvement of fillet welded doubling plates where fatigue cracking may initiate from the weld root. The information gained in this project is considered to be important for the offshore floater industry, as well as for development of new fatigue assessment procedures and requirements in standardization.

Cartographying the real metropolis: A proposal for a data-based planning beyond the administrative boundaries. Juan R. Selva-Royo¹, Nuño Mardones¹, Alberto Cendoya² ¹University of Navarra, School of Architecture, Department of Theory and Design, University of Navarra Campus, 31080 Pamplona, Spain; ²University of Navarra, ICS, Navarra Center for International Development, University of Navarra Campus, 31080, Pamplona, Spain E-mail: jrselva@unav.es, nmardones@unav.es, cendoya.alberto@gmail.com Keywords (3-5): Data planning, metropolitan areas, big data, urban extent, good governance Conference topics and scale: Cartography and big data Nowadays, there is a great gap between the functional reality of urban agglomerations and their planning, largely because of the traditional linkage of urban management to the administrative limits inherited from the past. It is also true that the regulation of urban activities, including census and statistical information, requires a closer view of its citizens that can only be addressed from the municipal level. In any case, it is clear that the metropolitan delimitation has met useful but often ethereal or exclusionary criteria (economic or labor patterns, functional areas...), which become disfigured by an administrative reality that does not always correspond to the real metropolis. This paper, aware of the new cartographic possibilities linked to the big data - CORINE Land Cover, SIOSE, multi-sector digital atlases (in many cases referred to the urban extent, etc.) and other open system platforms - explores the evidence that might base a new objective methodology for the delimitation and planning of large urban areas. Indeed, what if basic data for cities would arise not from administrative entities but from independent outside approaches such as satellite imagery? What if every single sensing unit (every citizen, company, building or vehicle) directly issued relevant and dynamic information without going through the municipal collection? Finally, the research analyzes the eventual implications of this data-based planning with administrative structures and urban planning competencies in force through some current case studies, with the purpose of achieving a more efficient and clear metropolitan governance for our planet. References (100 words) Aguado, M. (coord.) (2012) Áreas Urbanas +50. Información estadística de las Grandes Áreas Urbanas españolas 2012 (Centro de Publicaciones Secretaría General Técnica Ministerio de Fomento, Madrid). Angel, S. (dir.) (2016) Atlas of Urban Expansion (http://www.atlasofurbanexpansion.org) accessed 29 January 2017. Brenner, N. and Katsikis, N. (2017) Is the World Urban? Towards a Critique of Geospatial Ideology (Actar Publishers, New York). Florczyk, A. J., Ferri, S., Syrris, V., Kemper, T., Halkia, M., Soille, P., and Pesaresi, M. (2016). ‘A New European Settlement Map from Optical Remotely Sensed Data’, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing 9, 1978-1992.

Fragility curves are one of the main tools used to characterize the resistance to seismic hazard ofcivil engineering structures, such as nuclear facilities. These curves describe the probability thatthe response of a structure exceeds a given criterion, called failure criterion, as a function of theexpected seismic loading level. The numerical construction of these curves leads to many queriesto CPU intensive nonlinear computations. Indeed, a large number of loading scenarios must betreated, but also the uncertainties inherent to the structure must be taken into account through areliability study.The objective of this work is to implement a strategy based on model-order reduction for a calcu-lation generally enabling very important computational time savings. Among the diffeerent possible approaches, the Proper Generalized Decomposition (PGD) coupled with the LATIN method [1] is particularly well suited for solving parametrized problems in nonlinear mechanics in order to buildnumerical charts [2]. The LATIN-PGD method is an iterative approach that seeks the solution of a given problem by building in a greedy way a dedicated reduced-order basis. This basis can bereused and enriched to solve parametrized problems, allowing a very good numerical effciency. It has been applied to solve a wide range of problems in mechanics and more recently for earthquake-engineering applications [3] and provides a particularly good framework for the computation ofnumerical charts.In this contribution, a strategy will be proposed to evaluate the damage state of piping components,characteristic of the primary circuits of pressurized water reactors, subjected to seismic loading consecutive to a preliminary design thermal loading. The developed methodology, using a damageableelasto-plastic material, integrates the initial state of damage prior to the seismic event, which isone of the uncertain parameters of the problem.REFERENCES[1] P. Ladevèze. Nonlinear computational structural mechanics: new approaches and non-incremental methods of calculation. Mechanical engineering series. Springer, New York, 1999.[2] D. Néron, P.-A. Boucard, and N. Relun. Timespace PGD for the rapid solution of 3d nonlinearparametrized problems in the manyquery context. International Journal for Numerical Methodsin Engineering, 103(4):275{292, 2015.[3] S. Rodriguez, D. Néron, P.-E. Charbonnel, P. Ladevéze, and G. Nahas. Non incremental LATIN-PGD solver for nonlinear vibratoric dynamics problems. In 14ème Colloque National en Calculdes Structures, CSMA 2019, Presqu'^Ile de Giens, France, May 2019.

Reconstrucción virtual de ambientes urbanos a partir de fotografías históricas a través de Image Based Animations (IBA). La Plaza de la Virgen de Valencia alrededor de 1870. Jose Luis Cabanes Ginés¹, Federico Iborra Bernad², Carlos Bonafé Cervera3 ¹Departamento de Expresión Gráfica Arquitectónica. Universidad Politécnica de Valencia. Caminio de Vera s/n 46022 Valencia. 2Departamento de Composición Arquitectónica. Universidad Politécnica de Valencia. Caminio de Vera s/n 46022 Valencia 3Departamento de Ing. Cartográf. Geodesia y Fotogramtría. Universidad Politécnica de Valencia. Caminio de Vera s/n 46022 Valencia E-mail: jlcabane@ega.upv.es, f_iborra@yahoo.es, carboce1@topo.upv.es Keywords (3-5): virtual reconstruction, historical urban environment, image based animations Conference topics and scale: City transformations / Tools of analysis in urban morphology The recreation of the historical environment of emblematic urban spaces in our cities through interactive technologies, allows to extend their knowledge among the interested users while contributing to its assessment. When the documentary bases are photographs it is possible to carefully model the recorded elements using photogrammetry techniques based on 3D primitives, so that by means of an immersive navigation limited to certain points of view, an appearance of acceptable tridimensionality is obtained, where only isolated images of dispersed frames are available. The virtual recreation can be completed increasing its realistic appearance through its edition with animations of objects (for example, carriages) and characters, texts, musical setting, etc. The results can be presented in formats such as video or navigation through virtual reality helmets. From a selection of the first historical photographs of the Plaza de la Virgen, that we have obtained searching in several documentary sources, our multidisciplinary team is interested in a reliable, realistic and pleasant presentation of the urban environment of one of the most representative places in the city of Valencia, whose spatial configuration has changed significantly over the years. References (100 words) Braun, C., Kolbe, T. H., Lang, F., Schickler, W., Steinhage, V., Cremers, A. B., Förstner, W., Plümer, L., 1995. Models for photogrammetric building reconstruction. Computers &amp; Graphics, Volume 19, Issue 1, pp. 109-118. Debevec, P., Taylor, C. J. and Malik, J., 1996. Modeling and rendering architecture from photographs: A hybrid geometry and image-based approach. SIGGRAPH’96, pp. 11–20. De Mesa, A., Regot, J., Nuñez, M. A. and Buill, F., (2009). Métodos y procesos para el levantamiento de reconstrucción tridimensional gráfica de elementos del patrimonio cultural. La iglesia de Sant Sever de Barcelona. Revista EGA, nº 14, pp. 82-89. Drap, P., Grussenmeyer, P. and Gaillard, G., 2001. Simple Photogrammetric Methods with ARPENTEUR: 3-D Plotting and Orthoimage generation. XVIII International Symposium CIPA 2001, Potsdam (Germany). International Archives of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, nº 34 (Part 5/C7), pp. 47-54. El-Hakim, S., Beraldin, J. and Lapointe, A., 2002. Towards Automatic Modeling of Monuments and Towers. IEEE Proceedings of the International Symposium on 3D Data Processing Visualization and Transmission, 3DPVT 2002, Padua, Italy, pp. 526-531. Proyecto Barcelona Darrera Mirada, http://darreramirada.ajuntament.barcelona.cat/#historia/8/1 The Old New York, http://vimeo.com/160024074, https://vimeo.com/162572088

Vicente Iborra Pallarés¹, Francisco Zaragoza Saura2 ¹Building Sciences and Urbanism Department. University of Alicante. Alicante. Politécnica IV, módulo III, 1ª planta. Carretera de San Vicente del Raspeig s/n. 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig ²Concejalía de Urbanismo, Ayuntamiento de Altea. Plaza José María Planelles, 1. 03590 Altea E-mail: vicente.iborra@ua.es, zaragozasaura@gmail.com Keywords (3-5): Public space, historical urban evolution, tourism phenomena, urbanistic project, educational experience Conference topics and scale: City transformations The town of Altea (Alicante, Spain) has an important urban center that has historically been characterized by two contrasting situations: on one hand, the settlements located on the seaside elevations (Bellaguarda and the Renaissance Bastion) linked to the agricultural uses of the fertile valleys of the rivers Algar and els Arcs, and on the other hand the coastal developments, originally fishery, but nowadays with touristic uses on the maritime front. All these elements configure an urban nucleus that, due to its urban, architectural and landscape qualities, gives rise to one of the main tourist attractions of the region. However, the area described nowadays presents an important problem related to the use and habitability of public space, which is invaded by the presence of the private vehicle, even along the seaside, due to its touristic relevance. This article presents the results of an academic experience developed to study different possibilities of urban transformations for the municipality of Altea, taking as a project site the urban vacuum still conserved between the two situations previously described: the historical areas on the coastal elevations (Dalt) and new urban developments parallel to the seaside (Baix). This academic activity, performed by nearly 50 students from the University of Alicante, was developed in the context of the design course Urbanism 5 during the academic year 2015-16, thanks to the agreement signed between the Municipality of Altea and the University of Alicante. References (100 words) Busquets, J. and Correa, F. (2006) Cities X lines: a new lens for the Urbanistic Project (Harvard University Graduate School of Design, Cambridge). Europan Europe (2016) Project and processes (http://www.europan-europe.eu/en/project-and-processes/) accessed January-May 2016. Fernández Per, A. and Mozas, J. (2010) Strategy public (a+t ediciones, Vitoria-Gasteiz). Gehl, J. (2006) La humanización del espacio urbano: la vida social entre los edificios (Reverté, Barcelona). Koolhaas, R. (1995) S, M, L, XL (The Monacelli Press, New York). Lynch, K. (1960) The Image of the City (The Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press, Cambridge). Rebois, D. (ed.) (2014) Europan 12 results. The adaptable city /1 (Europan Europe, Paris).

Invasive zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) were first observed in situ at Apostle Islands National Lakeshore (APIS) in 2015. This report builds on 2018 SCUBA surveys and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) veliger sampling to: 1) determine whether shoals on APIS borders act as sentinel sites to corroborate veliger drift hypotheses about invasion pathways, 2) evaluate ongoing hand-removal of zebra mussels from easily identified structures, and 3) continue efforts to assess native unionid mussel populations, particularly where zebra mussels are also present. Standard catch per unit effort survey methods by SCUBA teams were used to determine the distribution and relative abundance of zebra or quagga mussels (dreissenids) and native mussels (unionids). Zebra mussels were present at densities between 3 and 42 n/diver/hr (number of mussels per diver per hour), while native unionids were present at densities between 5 and 72 n/diver/hr. Shoal surveys (Eagle Island shoal, Sand Island shoal, York Island shoal, Bear Island shoal, Oak Island shoal, and Gull Island shoal) showed zebra mussels were more abundant on the west side of APIS and absent on the easternmost shoal (Gull Island), corroborating veliger work by the EPA that suggested drift from the Twin Ports of Duluth, Minnesota, and Superior, Wisconsin, is one pathway of invasion. Our results support the use of shallow shoals along the periphery of the park as sentinel sites gauging zebra mussel immigration and population dynamics. Zebra mussel densities in the central islands showed no obvious spatial pattern, and this survey cannot determine whether currents or human transport (or both) are invasion vectors. Given the mussels’ continued presence at heavily used mooring areas and docks where there are no zebra mussels on nearby natural features (e.g., Rocky Island dock, Stockton Island mooring areas), our findings are consistent with multiple invasion pathways (drift from the Twin Ports and anthropogenic sources at mooring areas). SCUBA search and removal of zebra mussels from docks was confirmed to be an effective method for significantly lowering the risk of zebra mussels reproducing and dispersing from these locations. We caution that this work is being done on what look like initial invasions at low densities. Repeated removal of zebra mussels by divers reduced numbers to zero at some sites after one year (South Twin docks, Stockton Island NPS docks, and the Ottawa wreck) or decreased numbers by an order of magnitude (Rocky Island docks). Dreissenid densities were more persistent on the Sevona wreck and longer-term work is required to evaluate removal versus recruitment (local and/or veliger drift). Given the size of the wreck, we have tracked detailed survey maps to guide future efforts. Zebra mussels were again observed attached to native mussels near Stockton Island and South Twin Island. Their continued presence on sensitive native species is of concern. Native unionid mussels were more widely distributed in the park than previously known, with new beds found near Oak and Basswood Islands. The work reported here will form the basis for continued efforts to determine the optimal frequency of zebra mussel removal for effective control, as well as evaluate impacts on native species.

Global migration has been increasing since the 1990s. People are forced to leave their homes in search of safety, a better livelihood, or for more economic opportunities. Environmental drivers of migration, such as land degradation, water pollution, or changing climate, are acting as stronger phenomena with time. As millions of people are exposed to multiple water crises, daily needs related to water quality, lack of provisioning, excess or shortage of water become vital for survival as well for livelihood support. In turn, the crisis can transform into conflict and act as a trigger for migration, both voluntary and forced, depending on the conditions. Current interventions related to migration, including funding to manage migration remain focused on response mechanisms, whereas an understanding of drivers or so-called ‘push factors’ of migration is limited. Accurate and well-documented evidence, as well as quantitative information on these phenomena, are either missing or under-reflected in the literature and policy discourse. The report aims to start unpacking relationships between water and migration. The data used in this Report are collected from available public sources and reviewed in the context of water and climate. A three-dimensional (3D) framework is outlined for water-related migration assessment. The framework may be useful to aggerate water-related causes and consequences of migration and interpret them in various socioecological, socioeconomic, and sociopolitical settings. A case study approach is adopted to illustrate the various applications of the framework to dynamics of migration in various geographic and hydrological scenarios. The case studies reflect on well-known examples of environmental and water degradation, but with a focus on displacement /migration and socioeconomic challenges that apply. The relevance of proxy measures such as the Global Conflict Risk Index, which helps quantify water and migration interconnections, is discussed in relation to geographic, political, environmental, and economic parameters. The narratives presented in the Report also point to the existing governance mechanisms on migration, stating that they are fragmented. The report examines global agreements, institutions, and policies on migration to provide an aggerated outlook as to how international and inter-agency cooperation agreements and policies either reflected or are missing on water and climate crises as direct or indirect triggers to migration. Concerning this, the new directives related to migration governance, i.e., the New York Declaration and the Global Compact for Migration, are discussed. The Report recommends an enhanced focus on migration as an adaptation strategy to maximize the interconnectedness with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It calls for the migration discourse to look beyond from a preventative and problematic approach to a perspective emphasizing migration as a contributor towards achieving sustainable development, particularly SDGs 5, 6, 13, and 16 that aim strengthening capacities related to water, gender, climate, and institutions. Overall, the synthesis offers a global overview of water and migration for researchers and professionals engaged in migration-related work. For international agencies and government organizations and policymakers dealing with the assessment of and response to migration, the report aims to support the work on migration assessment and the implementation of the SDGs. The Report may serve as a public good towards understanding the drivers, impacts, and challenges of migration, for designing long-term solutions and for advancing migration management capabilities through improved knowledge and a pitch for consensus-building.