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Tesi sul tema "Lithium cells"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 1 agosto 2024

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1

Moseley, Steven D. "Characterization of graphite lithium-ion cells". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2007. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion-image.exe/07Sep%5FMoseley.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in Space Systems Operations)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2007.
Thesis Advisor(s): Horning, James A. "September 2007." Description based on title screen as viewed on October 25, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 97-98). Also available in print.

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2

Molepo, Lefoka Calvyn. "Lithium-induced apoptosis in WIL-2 lymphoma cells". Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2070.

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3

Green, Susan. "The optimisation of lithium sulphuryl chloride cells". Thesis, Loughborough University, 1988. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/27797.

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4

Hartmann, Richard Lee II. "An Aging Model for Lithium-Ion Cells". University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1226887071.

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5

Choi, Seungdon. "Soft chemistry synthesis and structure-property relationships of lithium-ion battery cathodes". Access restricted to users with UT Austin EID Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3025204.

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6

Best, Adam Samuel 1976. "Lithium-ion conducting electrolytes for use in lithium battery applications". Monash University, School of Physics and Materials Engineering, 2001. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/9240.

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7

Prakash, Shruti. "The development and fabrication of miniaturized direct methanol fuel cells and thin-film lithium ion battery hybrid system for portable applications". Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28279.

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Thesis (M. S.)--Chemical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.
Committee Chair: Kohl, Paul; Committee Member: Fuller, Tom; Committee Member: Gray, Gary; Committee Member: Liu, Meilin; Committee Member: Meredith, Carson; Committee Member: Rincon-Mora, Gabriel.

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8

Arabandi, Mounika. "Simulation of constant power profiles for Li ion batteries a thesis presented to the faculty of the Graduate School, Tennessee Technological University /". Click to access online, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=2000384981&SrchMode=1&sid=5&Fmt=6&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1277842074&clientId=28564.

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9

周士明 e Shi-ming Chau. "Investigation of the electrochemical, spectroscopic and physical properties of the low melting 1-methyl-3-ethylimidazolium chloride /alcl3 / licl system for lithium battery application". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1992. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31232991.

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10

Kasavajjula, Uday S. "Role of phase transformation processes in determining the discharge behavior of electrodes in lithium ion battery a dissertation presented to the faculty of the Graduate School, Tennessee Technological University /". Click to access online, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=22&sid=4&srchmode=1&vinst=PROD&fmt=6&startpage=-1&clientid=28564&vname=PQD&RQT=309&did=1756844351&scaling=FULL&ts=1250862718&vtype=PQD&rqt=309&TS=1250864217&clientId=28564.

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11

Diwakar, Vinten D. "Towards efficient models for lithium ion batteries a dissertation presented to the faculty of the Graduate School, Tennessee Technological University /". Click to access online, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=29&sid=1&srchmode=1&vinst=PROD&fmt=6&startpage=-1&clientid=28564&vname=PQD&RQT=309&did=1756855271&scaling=FULL&ts=1250884544&vtype=PQD&rqt=309&TS=1250884552&clientId=28564.

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12

Chau, Shi-ming. "Investigation of the electrochemical, spectroscopic and physical properties of the low melting 1-methyl-3-ethylimidazolium chloride / alcl3 / licl system for lithium battery application /". [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1992. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13880949.

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13

Chen, Jiajun. "The hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of olivine compounds for electrochemical applications". Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2007.

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14

Freese, Susan Delia. "A study of lithium/cobalt oxide electrochemical cells". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17048.

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Bibliography: pages 109-117.
The electrochemical behaviour of high temperature Li-Al/LiCl, KCl/cobalt oxide cells was investigated. Powder X-ray diffraction techniques were used for the qualitative analysis of the phases generated during charge and discharge of the cells.

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15

Bao, Jianli. "The rechargeable lithium/air battery and the application of mesoporous Fe₂O₃ in conventional lithium battery". Thesis, St Andrews, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/897.

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16

Minett, Michael Geoffrey. "New composite insertion electrode materials for secondary lithium cells". Thesis, University of Salford, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327916.

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17

Yao, Yueping Jane. "Carbon based anode materials for lithium-ion batteries". Access electronically, 2003. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20050111.120602/index.html.

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18

King, Amy Joanne. "Fundamental studies of the Li-Air battery". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.709239.

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19

Zhao, Mingchuan. "Electrochemical Studies of Lithium-Ion Battery Anode Materials in Lithium-Ion Battery Electrolytes". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1004388277.

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20

Annavajjula, Vamsi Krishna. "A FAILURE ACCOMMODATING BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM WITH INDIVIDUAL CELL EQUALIZERS AND STATE OF CHARGE OBSERVERS". University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1190318540.

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21

Slaven, Simon. "Thin film carbon for lithium ion batteries /". Thesis, Connect to Dissertations & Theses @ Tufts University, 1996.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Tufts University, 1996.
Adviser: Ronald B. Goldner. Submitted to the Dept. of Electrical Engineering. Includes bibliographical references. Access restricted to members of the Tufts University community. Also available via the World Wide Web;

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22

Bradley, Jonathan. "Optimisation of anode characteristics of calcium thionyl chloride cells". Thesis, Loughborough University, 1991. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/10399.

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In the field of high performance primary battery systems lithium anoded cells have been shown to have an excellent performance and extremely good shelf life. The major drawback with the lithium technology is one of safety, whereby abuse conditions (such as charging of the cell) lead to an unstable system with the very real possibility of a cell explosion. For a commercially available cell consideration of safety issues would preclude the marketing of a high performance lithium cell for general use, rather, it will be reserved for specialist e.g. Military use where the personnel having contact with the power source can be trained in its safe operation. The work described in this thesis is concerned with the development of a high performance battery system utilising calcium as the anode material. Calcium has received attention as an anode material for a high performance battery system because it removes many of the safety problems associated with lithium. The major disadvantages of calcium have been addressed namely the shelf life and discharge performance. The electrochemical techniques of cyclic voltammetry and a.c. impedance have been used in conjunction with physical methods such as scanning electron microscopy to define the mode of operation of these cells.

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23

Illig, Jörg [Verfasser]. "Physically based Impedance Modelling of Lithium-Ion Cells / Jörg Illig". Karlsruhe : KIT Scientific Publishing, 2014. http://www.ksp.kit.edu.

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24

Yao, Yueping. "A study of electro materials for lithium-ion batteries". Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials - Faculty of Engineering, 2008. http://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/88.

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Lithium-ion batteries (or rechargeable lithium batteries) are most advanced battery technology for modern portable electronics such as mobile phones, notebook computers and cameracorders. There are also big potentials for lithium-ion batteries to be used for electric vehicles (EVs), hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and stationary power storage. In particular, the later will bring a significant contribution to reduce green-house gas emissions and address global warming and climate change. Materials research plays a key role in the development of next generation of advanced lithium-ion batteries with high energy density, high power density, and long cycle life.This PhD thesis describes my exploration on developing new anode materials and cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries. I firstly investigated silicon based anode materials since silicon has the highest theoretical lithium storage capacity of about 4200 mAh/g when forming Li21Si5 alloys. The reversible lithium storage mechanism is totally different from that of graphite based anode. It relies on a process called alloying and dealloying instead of intercalation and de-intercalation. However, the formation of Li21Si5 alloys can induce more than 400% volume expansion. The repeated expansion and shrinkage of the silicon electrode will cause cracking and eventually failure of the battery system. A general strategy has been employed to solve this problem. Firstly nanosize silicon powders were used to minimize the volume expansion in local domains. Secondly, silicon particles were embedded in carbon matrix to buffer the volume change during the reaction with lithium. Si-mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB) composite anode materials were produced by ball-milling. Si-MCMB composite electrodes demonstrated superior performance (high capacity and satisfactory cyclability), compared to bare MCMB and bare nano-Si electrodes. Silicon-amorphous carbon composite anode materials were also prepared by carbon aerogel method, through which nanosize silicon particles are homogeneous distributed in carbon matrix. A reversible capacity of 1450 mAh/g for Si-C composite anodes was achieved. The good cyclability should be attributed to the usage of nanosize Si powders and their homogeneous distribution in an amorphous carbon matrix.Carbon nanotubes have many unique and intriguing properties, including as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. Vertically aligned multiwalled carbon nanotubes (VAMWCNTs) were prepared by chemical vapor deposition method. Nanosize SnO2-MWCNTs composites were also synthesized. The VAMWCNTs have a typical diameter of several tens of nanometers and consist of compartment structures. Cyclic voltammetry measurements show that the carbon nanotubes are electrochemically active to lithium insertion and extraction. A reversible lithium storage capacity of 950 mAh/g has been achieved for CNTs anodes. The solution-based chemical process enables Sn2+ ions to penetrate into the inner cavity of the carbon nanotubes. The SnO2-CNTs composite electrodes exhibited stable cyclability with a lithium storage capacity of 410 mAh/g after fifty cycles. Transition metal phosphides such as MnP4 and Zn3P2 were discovered to exhibit interesting phenomena with respect to reversible lithium storage. They were conventionally synthesized by solid state sintering at high temperature for long periods. After sintering, the products were purified by acid etching, which is a very tedious process. Crystalline iron phosphide (FeP4) powders were directly prepared by a solvothermal synthesis technique. Cyclic voltammetry measurements demonstrated the reversible reactivity of FeP4 anodes towards lithium insertion and extraction. The FeP4 anode exhibited a stable lithium storage capacity about 700 mAh/g.Lithium iron phosphate has been emerging as a new cathode material for lithium-ion batteries with low cost. However, lithium iron phosphate has a very lost electronic conductivity, inducing low rate capacity and preventing commercial application. Various cation dopings have been studied with the goal to improve the overall electrochemical performance of lithium iron phosphate. The synthesis, crystal structure refinement, magnetic and electrochemical properties of a series of LiMnxFe1-xPO4 cathode materials was investigated. A number of conductive phosphides and manganese phosphates were found to be formed during the sintering process with the effect of enhancing the electronic conductivity of the materials. The effect of sintering temperature towards the crystal size of LiFePO4 and Li0.95Mg0.05PO4 compounds were systematically investigated. LiFePO4 and Li0.95Mg0.05PO4 samples exhibit a typical antiferromagnetic behaviour. This antiferromagnetism could be induced by long range Fe-O-P-O-Fe triple exchange due to the lack of direct Fe-O-Fe interactions. LiFePO4 and Li0.95Mg0.05PO4 electrodes show specific capacity in the range 150 mAh/g – 160 mAh/g.

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25

Lindsay, Matthew John. "Data analysis and anode materials for lithium ion batteries". Access electronically, 2004. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20050201.152017/index.html.

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26

Tshabalala, Nkhensani Cecilia. "BCL-2 family of proteins and cell cycle regulatory genes play a role in the regulation of apoptosis induced by lithium and calyculin-A in HL-60 cells". Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/690.

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Thesis (M.Sc. (Chemistry)) --University of Limpopo, 2007
The biochemical mechanism of apoptosis induced by lithium remains unclear, although there is evidence suggesting the involvement of Bax and Bcl-2. Bcl-2 family of proteins play a critical role in the regulation of apoptosis in various tumour cell lines. This pathway may be altered in cancer cells. We have used calyculin-A (CL-A), an inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), to investigate the mechanism by which lithium induces apoptosis in HL-60 cells. Previous studies in our laboratory established that lithium induces apoptosis of HL-60 cells at 10 mM and above; while CL-A induces apoptosis at 1 nM and above. The observed apoptotic effects were additive. These observations led to the hypothesis that lithium and CL-A exert their biological effects by acting on a similar target. It was, therefore, the aim of this study to establish whether lithium would also exert similar inhibitory effects on the apoptotic and cell cycle regulatory genes. We further aimed at delineating the effects of both lithium and CL-A on the expression profiles of apoptotic and cell cycle regulatory genes. In this study, HL-60 cells were treated with lithium, CL-A and the combination of both. This was followed by the assessment of cell proliferation and viability at specific time points, using Coulter Counter and trypan blue dye exclusion assay, respectively. Concentrations of lithium at 10 mM and 20 mM were found to inhibit cell proliferation and exerted modest effects on cell viability in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Likewise, CL-A inhibited cell proliferation and viability in a time- and dose-dependent fashion. The combination of lithium and CL-A showed additive inhibitory effects on the growth of HL-60 cells. Further, semi-quantitative RT-PCR analyses of apoptotic (bax and bcl-2) and cell cycle regulatory genes (cdc2 and cyclin-B1) were determined. Our data revealed an under-expression of bcl-2 mRNA and an up-regulation of bax mRNA in HL-60 cells treated with lithium, CL-A and the combination of both. In addition, the expression levels of cdc2 mRNA remained constant, while cyclin-B1 mRNA expression levels were up-regulated after 24 h in HL-60 cells that were treated with cytotoxic concentrations of lithium and CL-A alone. Furthermore, the combination of lithium and CL-A showed an up-regulation of cyclin-B1 mRNA while cdc2 mRNA levels remained constant in both treated and untreated HL-60 cells. To corroborate the RT-PCR data, we present evidence by Western blot analysis that Bcl-2 family of proteins and cell cycle regulatory genes indeed play a critical role in the regulation of apoptosis in HL-60 cells. Western blot analysis revealed a down-regulation of Bcl-2 under all treatment conditions. However, lithium and CL-A alone failed to show any detectable expression levels of both Bax and cyclin-B1 proteins. In contrast, the combination of both lithium and CL-A showed an up-regulation of Bax and Cdc2 proteins in HL-60 cells. These findings suggest that the molecular mechanism elicited by lithium, CL-A and the combination of both on the growth inhibition of HL-60 cells involves an aberrant expression of apoptotic and cell cycle regulatory genes. In addition, these observations may allude to a notion that both lithium and CL-A may be used and administered successfully as positive alternative anticancer drugs.
the National Research Foundation,and the University of Limpopo Research and Administration

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27

Ng, See How. "Nanostructured materials for electrodes in lithium-ion batteries". Access electronically, 2007. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20080313.142752/index.html.

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28

Ma, Miaomiao. "Layered LiMn0.4Ni0.4Co0.2O2 as cathode for lithium batteries". Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2005.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--State University of New York at Binghamton, Materials Science, 2005.
Numerals in chemical formula in title are "subscript" in t.p. of printed version. Includes bibliographical references.

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29

Yeung, Vincent Hon Kuen. "Latest RF Li-ions battery charger and its applications". access abstract and table of contents access full-text, 2004. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/ezdb/dissert.pl?msc-ap-b21175299a.pdf.

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Thesis (M.Sc.)--City University of Hong Kong, 2004.
At head of title: City University of Hong Kong, Department of Physics and Materials Science, Master of Science in materials engineering & nanotechnology dissertation. Title from title screen (viewed on Sept. 4, 2006) Includes bibliographical references.

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30

Li, Wentao. "An investigation of thermal stabilizing additives and interactions between electrolytes and electrodes in lithium batteries /". View online ; access limited to URI, 2006. http://0-digitalcommons.uri.edu.helin.uri.edu/dissertations/AAI3248235.

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31

Jiao, Feng. "Nanomaterials for energy storage /". St Andrews, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/487.

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32

Fujita, Miho, Takashi Hibino, Takayuki Hattori e Mitsuru Sano. "Improved LiMn2O4/Graphite Li-Ion Cells at 55°C". The Electrochemical Society, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/18460.

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33

Teffo, Leah Snow. "Growth enhancement and toxic effects of lithium on HL-60 promyelocytic leukaemia cells the involvement of insulin". Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2612.

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34

Shai, Leshweni Jeremia. "Induction of apoptosis by lithium and minocycline in mammalian cells : role of growth-related genes, protein kinase c and calcium". Thesis, University of Limpopo, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2140.

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35

Xiao, Ang. "Power fade in lithium ion batteries : effect of advanced electrolyte /". View online ; access limited to URI, 2008. http://0-digitalcommons.uri.edu.helin.uri.edu/dissertations/AAI3328734.

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36

Zavadil, Kevin Robert. "Electron spectroscopic and electrochemical investigations of surface reactions of lithium". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184931.

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The growing technological application of metallic lithium has produced a greater need to understand its fundamental surface chemical properties. The use of lithium as an anode in high-energy density battery systems represents one application where this knowledge is required to optimize system performance. The surface chemistry of lithium will be discussed in terms of oxidants which represent the reductive half-cell components of these batteries, contaminants present during cell fabrication, and solvents used as the electrolytic medium. These systems have been studied in the low pressure limit ( < 1 millitorr) at atomically clean lithium surfaces using X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). The lithium/sulfur dioxide system has been singled out for detailed study in order to explore the relationship between gas-phase and solution-phase processes. Electrochemical characterization of the lithium anode has been conducted as a function of controlled surface composition within this system. The ability of lithium to induce corrosion at structural components of these batteries (i.e., glass insulators) has also been investigated. A description of the chemical activity of lithium and its consequence has been developed from these results.

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37

Somerville, Limhi. "Post-mortem analysis of lithium-ion cells after accelerated lifetime testing". Thesis, University of Warwick, 2017. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/95224/.

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Lithium-ion cells are the most commonly used method of energy storage for portable electronics. However, the capacity and power reduces with time and is dependent on usage conditions. This is a challenge for electric vehicle battery packs that are expected to last for up to eight years. Vehicle manufacturers need to understand the causes of this phenomena to accurately predict the vehicles achievable range over its entire lifetime. For automotive manufacturers to tackle this challenge they must know what operating conditions impact cell capacity and power. And, once this has been established, how these operating conditions impact cell capacity and power. Answers to these questions would provide critical information for manufactures; allowing them to mitigate or plan for their impact. In this work, electrical testing was performed across seven cell conditions for between six and thirty months to determine changes in capacity and resistance. Due to the different facility requirements at least one of the following cell chemistries were used for each test, Nickel manganese cobalt (NMC), Nickel Cobalt Aluminium (NCA) and lithium cobalt dioxide (LiCoO2) / all with graphite negative electrodes. State of charge, temperature, current rate during charge, the quantity of the state of charge window utilised and vibration all impacted electrical performance. Cell orientation and external pressure had no effect on cell lifetime. Cell capacity and resistance change over its lifetime is a function of the parasitic chemical reactions occurring within the cell. Understanding how these operating conditions impact cell performance requires a study of the fundamental materials that are at fault. Therefore, materials characterisation of the negative electrode surface film (identified as the primary source of changes to cell capacity and resistance) was performed. Consistency of analytical methods to study this surface film is dependent on the processes of preparation. Those used within literature to open cells, and process the internal cell electrodes led to erroneous results through modification of the surface films chemical properties. A new method is introduced of opening 18650-type cells that is simpler, costs less and stops surface film damage and contamination. In addition, washing electrode surfaces with solvents, which is routinely done within literature, was found to affect the surface film. This work shows that washing can remove surface film and selectively solvate parts of it. It is therefore recommended that washing is not performed. After cell opening, samples were then analysed to determine material changes. A method is introduced to determine the relative surface film thickness (which relates to cell resistance) with x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy that is an improvement on the current method within literature. A wet chemistry method is also shown to selectively remove LiPF6 salt. This makes it possible to use high performance liquid chromatography to study the polymeric species without it reacting with hydrofluoric acid. Using these methods, a relationship is identified between current rate during charge and surface film thickness at the negative electrode up to rates of 4-C. At rates of 6-C and greater the surface film altered chemically. Cell vibration was found to cause the selectively formed film to be replaced with electrolyte reduction products, increasing cell resistance. Subjecting cells to different temperatures and states of charge (SoC) caused different films to form at each temperature. Coupled with electrical performance data, this could be reduced to two. One at 10o C and one at 45o C. SoC was also found to accelerate film formation but not chemically alter it at these two temperatures. Problems with the USABC test for a percentage change in state of charge for lithium-ion cells was identified, but these problems stopped surface film analysis. This work identifies what conditions impact cell performance and their effect on the negative electrode surface film. Changes in the surface film have significant implications on the users of electric-vehicles, most especially the range of the vehicle battery and how that reduces over its lifetime. Such information may directly impact the vehicle warranty, battery size and type of accelerated testing performed to predict cell lifetime. All of these factors represent considerable costs to manufacturers of electric vehicles. Accuracy is therefore of critical importance.

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38

Zhu, Wei. "A Smart Battery Management System for Large Format Lithium Ion Cells". University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1301687506.

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39

Su, Huanxing. "Transplantation of neural stem cells for motoneuron degeneration due to axonal injury". Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B41290537.

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40

Campion, Christopher Lawrence. "An analysis of the thermal decomposition reactions of organic electrolytes used in lithium-ion batteries /". View online ; access limited to URI, 2005. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.helin.uri.edu/dissertations/dlnow/3186896.

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41

Wang, Shijun. "Iron phosphates as cathodes for lithium-ion batteries". Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2009.

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42

Limoge, Damas Wilks. "Reduced-order modeling and adaptive observer design for lithium-ion battery cells". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/111722.

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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2017.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 167-171).
This thesis discusses the design of a control-oriented modeling approach to Lithium- Ion battery modeling, as well as the application of adaptive observers to this structure. It begins by describing the fundamental problem statement of a battery management system (BMS), and why this is challenging to solve. It continues by describing, in brief, several different modeling techniques and their use cases, then fully expounds two separate high fidelity models. The first model, the ANCF, was initiated in previous work, and has been updated with novel features, such as dynamic diffusion coefficients. The second model, the ANCF II, was developed for this thesis and updates the previous model to better solve the problems facing the construction of an adaptive observer, while maintaining its model accuracy. The results of these models are presented as well. After establishing a model with the desired accuracy and complexity, foundational observers are designed to estimate the states and parameters of the time-varying ionic concentrations in the solid electrode and electrolyte, as well as an a-priori estimate of the molar flux. For the solid electrode, it is shown that a regressor matrix can be constructed for the observer using both spatial and temporal filters, limiting the amount of additional computation required for this purpose. For the molar flux estimate, it is shown that fast convergence is possible with coefficients pertaining to measurable inputs and outputs, and filters thereof. Finally, for the electrolyte observer, a novel structure is established to restrict learning only along unknown degrees of freedom of the model system, using a Jacobian steepest descent approach. Following the results of these observers, an outline is sketched for the application of a machine learning algorithm to estimate the nonlinear effects of cell dynamics.
by Damas Wilks Limoge.
S.M.

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43

Abaza, Ahmed. "Safety of automotive lithium-ion battery cells under abusive conditions : innovation report". Thesis, University of Warwick, 2017. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/105583/.

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The research carried out in this report focuses on the topic of safety of Li-ion battery cells, specifically for automotive applications. Electric vehicle battery safety is a challenge that must be tackled, especially with the rapid electrification of vehicles. Cell abuse testing simulates their failure process under different scenarios. This helps develop a deeper understanding of the failure process, its root cause and associated mechanisms, hence enabling the improvement of their safety. This research has experimentally investigated four abusive conditions; mechanical penetration, external short circuit, cell swelling as a result of overcharge and overcharge in an adiabatic environment. A number of potential industrial applications based on the research findings are also discussed. During nail penetration testing the effect of nail material and diameter were investigated. Firstly, cells were fully penetrated using 10 mm diameter nails with three different materials; copper, steel and plastic. Secondly, cells were penetrated using 10 and 3 mm diameter copper nails. It was found that there was a clear distinction between the outcome of the conducting and non-conducting nails. However, the outcome of using electrically conductive nails suffered from poor reproducibility. Post-mortem examination showed that at the point of penetration the nail dragged the copper current collector in the direction of penetration along with the separator. The hole in the positive electrode looked less circular and the aluminium current collector was not dragged as deep as the copper one. During external short circuit testing the effect of the short resistance and the short duration was investigated. Firstly, cells were short-circuited using a range of resistance values. Secondly, a programmable power supply to control the shorting duration was used. It was found that the degree of damage experienced by a cell during a short is not only defined by the short resistance, but also its duration. The cells were cycleable after the short circuit event and their capacity and resistance increase depended on the short circuit current magnitude and the short duration. Opening the cells after testing and studying their components using SEM showed no change in the surface morphology of the electrodes. During the third set of experiments, purpose-built equipment was designed and built for in-situ volume measurement. The change in cell volume during cycling, overcharge and 10 cycles after the overcharge event was monitored and measured in-situ. The effect of the degree of overcharge and the magnitude of the charging current were studied. After the overcharge event the cycling behaviour of the cells was investigated. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and Direct Current Internal Resistance (DCIR) were used to track the change in resistance. An Equivalent Circuit Model (ECM) was built to investigate the individual components contributing to the cell’s impedance. The overcharge-induced capacity fade was analysed using incremental capacity analysis (ICA). The reversibility of cell volume after swelling was also investigated. Results show that cell swelling and the extent of damage depended on the degree of overcharge and the C-rate. Cell swelling was partially reversible and the cells were cycleable after the overcharge event. Finally, cells were overcharged in ambient and adiabatic conditions. This was carried out to study the effect of heat dissipation on the outcome of an overcharge event. Results highlighted the critical role of heat dissipation from the cell in determining the outcome of the test. The same overcharge regime under different conditions resulted in very different outcomes. Cells overcharged in ambient conditions swelled significantly, but did not vent nor catch fire, whereas, all cells overcharged under adiabatic conditions either ruptured or caught fire. The magnitude of the overcharge current in adiabatic conditions determined the failure mode. Cells overcharged using 0.13 C current ruptured after swelling significantly, but did not catch fire. Cells overcharged with 0.33 and 1.3 C currents were completely combusted.

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Garlapati, Vasisht. "Development of High Performance Air-Cathodes for Solid State Lithium-Air Cells". University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1269636615.

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45

Zhang, Yin. "Performance Characteristics of Lithium Coin Cells for Use in Wireless Sensing Systems". BYU ScholarsArchive, 2012. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3588.

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Understanding the pulsed discharge behavior of low-rate lithium coin cells in wireless sensing systems is critical to prolong the operating life and/or reduce the size of battery-powered WSs. This dissertation presents the battery transient analysis for a sensor duty cycle, experimental studies for sustained pulse discharge cycling, and investigation on recharge strategies for a battery/power harvesting hybrid system for WSs. The transient behavior of the lithium coin cells during pulse discharge and subsequent relaxation was investigated with single-pulse experiments and theoretical analysis. The voltage response for a pulsed discharge had two parts: a region of rapid voltage change and a region of slower change. The magnitude of the rapid voltage losses was associated with ohmic and interfacial resistances. Solid phase diffusion in the cathode was found to be the major contributor to the "slow" transient voltage change that occurred during and after a pulse. An analytical model was developed to describe the time-dependent voltage and the corresponding non-uniform concentration distribution for the thick porous electrode. A fit of the analytical model to experimental data permitted an estimate of the solid phase diffusivity. Independent fitting of the pulse data and relaxation data both yielded a diffusivity of D ~ 4×10-11 cm2/s, which agreed well with measured values reported in literature. The interactive effect of battery characteristics and WS operating conditions was investigated during sustained pulsed-discharge cycling. At low standby currents (≤50 μA), the influence of the standby current on the operating voltage and battery capacity was negligible. The pulse current had a significant impact on the lower voltage and determined the maximum capacity that could be extracted from a battery regardless of the duty cycle factor. For each pulse length studied, the battery capacity increased as the standby time increased, until a maximum capacity was reached, which could not be increased by further increase in the standby time. The minimum standby time for full (or near full) relaxation for duty cycles with different pulse length was found to correlate well with ratio ts/tp2. Battery pulse discharge-recharge cycling as would occur in a hybrid power system was investigated, and the recharge strategies were evaluated in terms of capacity loss over cycling and energy efficiency. Results from the cycling tests suggested the importance of a rest period between the discharge and charge step of a cycle. PRCR cycling with a 2 s rest period could lower the capacity loss to 25% or less of that of PC cycling with no rest period over 10,000 cycles. Cycling the battery at 80% SOC rather than at 100% SOC (3.1 V) significantly reduced the capacity loss during cycling.

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46

Jiao, Feng. "Nanomaterials for energy storage". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/487.

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The results presented in this thesis demonstrate the first synthesis of several nanostructured transition metal oxides and lithium containing transition metal oxides. Their uses in lithium-ion batteries and/or as magnetic materials have been investigated. The first example of two and three dimensional mesoporous Fe₂O₃ has been prepared by using the soft templating (surfactant) method. The materials have amorphous walls and exhibit superparamagnetic behaviour. By using a hard template route, a mesoporous α-Fe₂O₃ with highly crystalline walls has been synthesized. Its unique magnetic behaviour, distinct from bulk α-Fe₂O₃, nanoparticulate α-Fe₂O₃, and mesoporous Fe₂O₃ with disordered walls, has been demonstrated. The hard template method was also used to prepare nanowire and mesoporous Co₃O₄, β-MnO₂ and MnO₃ with crystalline walls. Their electrochemical properties as electrodes in Li-ion batteries have been investigated. Mesoporous β-MnO₂ can accommodate 0.9 Li/Mn in stark contrast to bulk β-MnO₂ which cannot accommodate Li. To prepare mesoporous materials which cannot be obtained directly by the hard template method, a post-templating route has been developed. Mesoporous Fe₃O₄, γ-Fe₂O₃, and Mn3O4 with ordered mesostructures and highly crystalline walls have been obtained by post-synthesis reduction/oxidation treatments. All the materials show unique magnetic properties compared with nanoparticulate and bulk materials. Also, the first example of lithium containing mesoporous material, LT-LiCoO₂, was synthesized by first preparing mesoporous Co₃O₄, then reacting this with LiOH to form LT-LiCoO₂, with retention of the ordered nanostructure. The nanostructured LT-LiCoO₂ compounds demonstrate superior performance compared with normal or nanoparticulate LT-LiCoO₂, when used as intercalation electrodes in lithium batteries. Finally, monodispersed Mn₃O₄ nanoparticles (diameter ~ 8 nm) with a core-shell structure (a highly crystalline Mn₃O₄ core encased in a thin MnO₂ shell) have been prepared for the first time. Ordered three-dimensional arrays form by spontaneous self-assembly. Magnetic measurements demonstrated that the self-assembled three-dimensional arrays exhibit spin-glass behaviour, rather than the anticipated superparamagnetic behaviour for isolated nanoparticles. Such behaviour is interpreted as arising from strong interactions between the core (crystallized Mn₃O₄) and shell (MnO₂).

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47

Hong, Jian. "Synthesis and characterization of high performance electrode materials for lithium ion batteries". Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2009.

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48

Šindelářová, Anna. "Srovnání různých typů komerčních lithium-iontových baterií". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-442426.

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The master's thesis is devoted to the comparison of different types of lithium-ion batteries. Primarily, an introduction to electrochemical power sources and their division is described. Furthermore, the thesis deals only with lithium-ion batteries. In the theoretical part, the chapters discuss the history, the principle of operation and a detailed description of the main battery parts, including used materials. A comparison of commercially available lithium-ion cells with each other as well as with other types of batteries is also included in the theoretical part. The practical part deals with the cyclinf of lithium-ion cells and subsequent evaluation of the effect of temperature on the capacitance and current characteristics of these lithium-ion batteries.

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49

Hurd, William R. "Application of copper indium gallium diselenide photovoltaic cells to extend the endurance and capabilities of unmanned aerial vehicles". Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2009/Sep/09Sep%5FHurd.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in Electrical Engineering)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2009.
Thesis Advisor(s): Michael, Sherif. "September 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on 5 November 2009. Author(s) subject terms: Thin-Film photovoltaics, CIGS, unmanned aerial systems, UAV, solar plane, Maximum Power Point Tracker (MPPT), lithium polymer. Includes bibliographical references (p. 115-125). Also available in print.

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Chahwan, John A. "Vanadium-redox flow and lithium-ion battery modelling and performance in wind energy applications". Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=100223.

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As wind energy penetration levels increase, there is a growing interest in using storage devices to aid in managing the fluctuations in wind turbine output power. Vanadium-Redox batteries (VRB) and Lithium-Ion (Li-Ion) batteries are two emerging technologies which can provide power smoothing in wind energy systems. However, there is an apparent gap when it comes to the data available regarding the design, integration and operation of these batteries in wind systems. This thesis presents suitable battery electrical models which will be used to assess system performance in wind energy applications, including efficiency under various operating conditions, transfer characteristics and transient operation. A design, sizing and testing methodology for battery integration in converter based systems is presented. Recommendations for the development of operating strategies are then provided based on the obtained results.

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