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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Limite perception/cognition"
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Sabatini, Serena, Obioha C. Ukoumunne, Clive Ballard, Rachel Collins, Kaarin J. Anstey, Manfred Diehl, Allyson Brothers et al. "Cross-sectional association between objective cognitive performance and perceived age-related gains and losses in cognition". International Psychogeriatrics 33, n. 7 (14 aprile 2021): 727–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610221000375.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
ABSTRACTObjectives:Evidence linking subjective concerns about cognition with poorer objective cognitive performance is limited by reliance on unidimensional measures of self-perceptions of aging (SPA). We used the awareness of age-related change (AARC) construct to assess self-perception of both positive and negative age-related changes (AARC gains and losses). We tested whether AARC has greater utility in linking self-perceptions to objective cognition compared to well-established measures of self-perceptions of cognition and aging. We examined the associations of AARC with objective cognition, several psychological variables, and engagement in cognitive training.Design:Cross-sectional observational study.Participants:The sample comprised 6056 cognitively healthy participants (mean [SD] age = 66.0 [7.0] years); divided into subgroups representing middle, early old, and advanced old age.Measurements:We used an online cognitive battery and measures of global AARC, AARC specific to the cognitive domain, subjective cognitive change, attitudes toward own aging (ATOA), subjective age (SA), depression, anxiety, self-rated health (SRH).Results:Scores on the AARC measures showed stronger associations with objective cognition compared to other measures of self-perceptions of cognition and aging. Higher AARC gains were associated with poorer cognition in middle and early old age. Higher AARC losses and poorer cognition were associated across all subgroups. Higher AARC losses were associated with greater depression and anxiety, more negative SPA, poorer SRH, but not with engagement in cognitive training.Conclusions:Assessing both positive and negative self-perceptions of cognition and aging is important when linking self-perceptions to cognitive functioning. Objective cognition is one of the many variables – alongside psychological variables – related to perceived cognitive losses.
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Chan, Kayla Y., Samuel Lee, Catherine H. Ju, Destiny J. Weaver, John Ferguson e Adriana Hughes. "34 Association Between Subjective Cognitive Decline and Mental Wellbeing in Normal Cognition and MCI Older Adults". Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 29, s1 (novembre 2023): 344–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617723004708.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Objective:Subjective cognitive decline (SCD, i.e., perceived cognitive decline without neuropsychological deficits) is associated with Alzheimer’s disease pathology and increased risk for cognitive impairment but is heterogenous in etiology and has been linked to other factors including personality and depression. Mental wellbeing (i.e., the perception and functioning of social, emotional, and health-related aspects of one’s life) has been associated with subjective memory complaints, but its relationship with other subjective cognitive domains is poorly understood. Further characterizing the relationship between mental wellbeing and SCD could refine understanding of SCD and inform development of interventions that prevent progression to objective cognitive decline. This study aimed to describe the relationship between mental wellbeing and subjective decline in multiple cognitive domains and examine whether this relationship differs between older adults with normal cognition and those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).Participants and Methods:Community-dwelling older adults (normal: n = 58, Mage = 73.7±5.6; MCI: n = 43, Mage = 75.9±6.1) completed the Everyday Cognition scale, a validated self-report measure of SCD, and the RAND-36 Health Survey, a validated self-report measure of health-related quality of life which includes a mental wellbeing subscale. Spearman’s rank correlations were conducted between self-reported mental wellbeing and each self-reported cognitive domain (i.e., memory, language, visuospatial, and executive function) for the Normal Cognition and MCI groups.Results:Worse mental wellbeing was associated with worse subjective language and executive function in the normal group, rs(56) = -.42, p =.001; rs(56) = -.37, p =.005, but not for the MCI group, rs(41) = -.23, p =.15; rs(41) = -.12, p =.46. Worse mental wellbeing was associated with worse subjective visuospatial function in the MCI group, rs(41) = -.39, p =.009, but not in the normal group, rs(56) = -.11, p =.39. For both groups, worse mental wellbeing was associated with worse subjective memory, rs(56) = -.45, p < .001; rs(41) = -.37, p =.02. While this correlation was greater in the normal group, the difference was not significant (z = 0.38, p =.71).Conclusions:These results suggest that perceptions of mental wellbeing are related to perceptions of cognitive decline in multiple domains, and that the specific domains involved differ between normal and MCI groups. The differential associations may mean perception of specific cognitive domains more strongly affect mental wellbeing, or mental wellbeing more acutely influences perception of those domains. The overall observed relationship between SCD and mental wellbeing may have several explanations: the impact of broader health perceptions may extend to cognitive perception, behavioral changes associated with poor wellbeing may reduce subjective cognitive function, or worse subjective cognitive function may lead to negative experiences of wellbeing. Future longitudinal investigation could inform causal inferences. The more limited associations between mental wellbeing and SCD among MCI individuals may point to the role of decreased self-awareness (due to cognitive impairment) precluding detection of subtle changes in cognition or wellbeing. This study highlights the importance of better understanding mental wellbeing in experiences of SCD in both normal and MCI older adults to improve cognitive and mental health outcomes.
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Md., Shamsuzzaman, Ridwanul Huq, Muhammad Ziaulhaq Mamun e Mushtaque Ahmed. "Developing Country Teenagers’ Consumption Related Cognition Through Involvement in Television Commercial (Tvc): A Multi-item Measurement Scale". Journal of Business and Economics 10, n. 5 (20 maggio 2019): 438–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15341/jbe(2155-7950)/05.10.2019/006.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The core intention of the researchers is to develop and confirm a multi-item measurement scale for consumption related cognition through teenagers’ involvement in Television Commercial (TVC) of developing country like Bangladesh. Another important purpose of this research is to understand the influence of TV advertisements on consumption related cognition of developing countries’ teenagers. Very limited research has been conducted on consumption related cognition through involvement of TVC, even though it is the fundamental step which activates any consumers’ — especially teenagers’ — buying stimuli. Among the limited ones conducted, most of the research work has focused on scale items, such as product knowledge, consumer perception, purchasing intention, brand perception and product usage without providing any importance to complex variable or factors of consumption related cognition from which the scale items derive. Hence, an elaborated multi step research method has been used to find out and refine both the complex and simple variables of consumption related cognition through TVC involvement. Research findings have been statistically verified using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis techniques. This research has revealed six main complex variables or factors namely consumption related- cognitive awareness, cognitive knowledge, cognitive mapping, cognitive linkage, cognitive complexity and cognitive skills. Four to five multi item measurement scales have been derived from each of the six factors.
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Green, E. J. "The Perception-Cognition Border: A Case for Architectural Division". Philosophical Review 129, n. 3 (1 luglio 2020): 323–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00318108-8311221.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
A venerable view holds that a border between perception and cognition is built into our cognitive architecture and that this imposes limits on the way information can flow between them. While the deliverances of perception are freely available for use in reasoning and inference, there are strict constraints on information flow in the opposite direction. Despite its plausibility, this approach to the perception-cognition border has faced criticism in recent years. This article develops an updated version of the architectural approach, which I call the dimension restriction hypothesis (DRH). According to DRH, perceptual processes are constrained to compute over a bounded range of dimensions, while cognitive processes are not. This view allows that perception is cognitively penetrable, but places strict limits on the varieties of penetration that can occur. The article argues that DRH enjoys both theoretical and empirical support, and also defends the view against several objections.
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Sassin, Wolfgang. "Limits of Cognition and Insight". Beacon: Journal for Studying Ideologies and Mental Dimensions 1, n. 1 (4 giugno 2018): 010310202. http://dx.doi.org/10.55269/thebeacon.1.010310202.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In the paper, on the basis of discussing the analogy between geometry of geodesics and human cognition, the limits of cognition are discussed. An attempt to adapt human action to limited human perception can be found in the article. The problems shown therein, make it clear that the humanity needs a change in the mental coordinate system that refers to the very values that have led us to where we are right now, namely to a world in disarray.
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Bralet, M. C. "Remédiation cognitive des troubles de la cognition sociale avec le programme MindReading". European Psychiatry 28, S2 (novembre 2013): 21–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2013.09.052.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Les cognitions sociales sont significativement perturbées dans la schizophrénie, ces perturbations sont à l’origine de difficultés dans les interactions sociales et par conséquent dans la vie quotidienne. Les programmes en remédiation cognitive ciblant uniquement les déficits en cognitions froides permettent d’améliorer spécifiquement ces déficits mais n’ont pas eu pour autant l’impact espéré sur la vie quotidienne. Différents programmes ciblant les cognitions sociales se sont par conséquent développés en ciblant soit globalement ces déficits (ex. : SCIT, Social Cognition Interaction Training, de D. Penn [1]), soit spécifiquement un domaine (ex. : TAR, Targeting Affective Recognition program, de W. Wolwer [3], ciblant la perception des émotions). Ces programmes peuvent présenter des limites en termes de faisabilité et d’indications cliniques (patients de bon pronostic). Or ce sont les patients de moins bon pronostic (durée d’évolution importante de la maladie) qui présentent les déficits les plus sévères en habiletés sociales. Il existe un pattern commun en termes de dysfonctionnement au niveau des cognitions sociales entre des patients souffrant de troubles autistiques et de certaines formes de schizophrénie. MindReading: An Interactive Guide to Emotions, est un logiciel interactif destiné à améliorer la perception et la reconnaissance des émotions faciales chez les patients souffrant de troubles autistiques [2].ObjectifsPrésenter le programme MindReading et l’intérêt de son utilisation chez les patients souffrant de schizophrénie ayant une longue durée d’évolution et/ou d’hospitalisation.PerspectivesUtiliser et développer des programmes de remédiation en cognitions sociales validés chez des patients souffrant de troubles autistiques pourraient être pertinents pour des patients souffrant d’une certaine forme de schizophrénie avec altérations sévères des cognitions sociales en complément d’un programme de remédiation cognitive sur les cognitions froides.
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Demany, Laurent, e Catherine Semal. "Limits of rhythm perception". Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A 55, n. 2 (aprile 2002): 643–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724980143000406.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
To what extent are listeners sensitive to the time intervals separating non-consecutive events in sound sequences? The subjects of Experiment 1 were presented with sequences of 20 identical tones in which the 10 odd-numbered tones or the 10 even-numbered tones made up an isochronous sub-sequence (with a periodicity of 0.5-1 s) whereas the other tones, acting as distractors, occurred at random moments. Such sequences appeared to be very difficult to discriminate from sequences without any timing regularity, which revealed a lack of perceptual sensitivity to their “second-order” intervals. Experiment 2 employed repetitive sequences in which the first-order intervals (separating consecutive tones) took two possible values, forming a ratio that subjects had to classify as larger or smaller than 2. The results of this experiment suggest that subjects were able to make use of second-order intervals in their task, but mainly due to the predictable nature of the sequences; the relative positions of subjective accents (Povel & Essens, 1985) had no significant effect on performance. It is concluded that the perception of subtle timing details in “ordinary” music may rest on nothing more than a sensitivity to the relations between first-order intervals (within a given auditory stream).
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Schacherer, Christopher William. "Toward a General Theory of Risk Perception". Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 37, n. 14 (ottobre 1993): 984–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129303701411.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Several risk perception studies employing univariate techniques have found very strong predictors of risk perceptions, but these results are of limited use in describing the cognitive process that results in perception of risk. Also, although a few multivariate investigations have been conducted, the validity of the obtained results are similarly limited due to concern over deriving easily interpretable solutions. The present study, therefore, attempts to derive a more valid model of the risk perception process through confirmatory factor analysis based on previously reported findings.
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Robinovitch, Stephen N. "Perception of Postural Limits During Reaching". Journal of Motor Behavior 30, n. 4 (dicembre 1998): 352–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222899809601349.
Testo completo
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Textor, Mark. "Perceptual objectivity and the limits of perception". Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences 18, n. 5 (12 aprile 2018): 879–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11097-018-9570-2.
Testo completoTesi sul tema "Limite perception/cognition"
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Coudray, Quentin. "As High as Eyes Can See : a Moderate Liberalism for the Admissible Contents of Perception". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, EHESS, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024EHES0061.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Une question philosophique cruciale dans la philosophie contemporaine de la perception est de déterminer quelles sont les choses que nous pouvons percevoir, par opposition aux choses auxquelles nous ne pouvons que penser. Dans cette thèse, je défends une vision "libérale" de la perception qui accepte que nous puissions percevoir certains types de contenus dits de haut niveau. Je propose un argument original basé sur la description d'un mécanisme psychologique pertinent qui confère une telle capacité de représentation que j'appelle la schématisation. La schématisation décrit un processus par lequel les systèmes perceptifs (je me concentre sur la vision) structurent de manière représentationnelle leurs entrées sensorielles, en donnant la priorité à certaines de leurs dimensions, et en activant implicitement (ou amorçant) des représentations similaires stockées dans la mémoire perceptive. La schématisation est un processus purement perceptif qui nous permet de représenter des contenus, que j’appelle les aspects, qui ne sont pas réductibles à des contenus dits de bas niveau. Les aspects représentent certaines propriétés de haut niveau des objets. Ils représentent les objets comme ayant une forme physique qui les fait appartenir à un type superficiel, tel que le type superficiel de la forme d'un chat ou d'une chaise. Il est essentiel de noter que les aspects ne peuvent pas représenter des propriétés de types naturel ou fonctionnel comme le fait d’être un chat ou d’être une chaise, car ces propriétés dépendent de caractéristiques non visibles des objets, situées sous leur surface. Je soutiens donc que des considérations empiriques minutieuses sur les capacités représentationnelles de la perception justifient un libéralisme modéré qui n'admet que ces aspects représentant des propriétés de type superficiel comme contenu de niveau supérieur de la perception. Les aspects sont aussi haut que les yeux peuvent voirA philosophically crucial question within contemporary philosophy of perception is to determine what things we can perceive, as opposed to things we can only think about. In this thesis, I defend a “liberal” view of perception which accepts that we can perceive some kinds of high-level contents. I propose an original argument based on describing a relevant psychological mechanism that grants such representational capacity that I call schematization. Schematization describes a process by which perceptual systems (I focus on vision) representationally structure their sensory inputs, prioritizing certain feature dimensions, and implicitly activate (or prime) similar representations stored in perceptual memory. Schematization is a purely perceptual process that allows us to represent contents that are not reducible to low-level contents: aspects. Aspects represent some high-level kind properties of particulars. They represent particulars as having some physical body form that makes them belong to a superficial kind, such as the superficial kind of cat-form or chair-form. Crucially, I argue that aspects cannot represent natural or functional kind properties like cat-hood or chair-hood, since such properties depend on below-surface, non-visible characteristics of objects. I thus argue that careful empirical considerations about the representational capacities of perception vindicate a moderate Liberalism that only admits aspects representing superficial kind properties as the higher-level contents of perception. Aspects are as high as eyes can see
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Júnior, Reginaldo de Franceschi. "Limiar: uma visão publicitária sobre os limites da percepção". Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/27/27154/tde-20102009-215257/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
O objetivo central desse trabalho é entender as reais possibilidades de participação de elementos subliminares no processo de persuasão publicitária. Para isso, o modelo AIDA foi utilizado em conjunto com estudos científicos que evidenciam e esclarecem as reações de um indivíduo exposto a estímulos subliminares utilizados como estímulos preparatórios para a recepção de estímulos conscientes.The main goal of this research is to clarify the actual limits of subliminal elements in advertising persuasiveness. For that matter, the AIDA model was used combined with scientific studies in order to provide better understading of an individual\'s reaction to subliminal stimuli used as primes for regular, conscious stimuli.
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Menetrier, Emmanuelle. "Effet des connaissances sur l'extension des limites". Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00959950.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
L'extension des limites (boundary extension, Intraub & Richardson, 1989) fait référence à unedistorsion de la mémoire visuo-spatiale survenant suite à la perception de scènes. Celle-ci setraduit par une tendance à surestimer l'étendue de la scène préalablement perçue,l'observateur se remémorant des détails que ne contenait pas la scène originale, mais que lecontexte rend plausible d'inférer. Bien que décrite comme robuste, quelques recherchesmenées ces dernières années en suggèrent la modulation par certaines caractéristiques propresà l'observateur (Mathews & Mackintosh, 2004 ; Munger, Owens, & Conway, 2005).L'ensemble des études présentées ici s'inscrit dans cette lignée, en testant à la fois le rôle desconnaissances préalables - que celles-ci soient relatives à la structure environnante de la scèneperçue, ou qu'il s'agisse de connaissances expertes - et le rôle de la réactivité de l'individu àcertains stimuli de nature émotionnelle. L'ensemble des résultats observés fait état d'unemodulation de l'extension (i.e. réduction, voire annulation) par les facteurs décrits ci-dessus.
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Romagny, Sébastien. "Processus sensoriels, cognitifs et comportementaux impliqués dans la perception des mélanges odorants alimentaires complexes chez le lapin nouveau-né et l'Homme". Thesis, Dijon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DIJOS004/document.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
A chaque inspiration, une grande variété de molécules volatiles présentes dans l’environnement stimulent nos récepteurs olfactifs. Pourtant, malgré la complexité chimique du milieu naturel, les organismes arrivent à se représenter leur univers en détectant des odorants seuls ou de mélanges d’odorants. Le traitement repose alors majoritairement sur deux modes : le mode analytique, qui permet d’extraire d’un mélange la qualité odorante de tout ou partie des composés, ou le mode synthétique qui permet la représentation du mélange de manière holistique. Dans ce travail de thèse, nous avons évalué l’influence de certaines caractéristiques physicochimiques des mélanges, du nombre d’éléments en mélange et du stade développemental de l’organisme dans la perception des mélanges chez le lapin et l’Homme. Les résultats confirment que la perception de configurations est commune aux deux modèles testés bien que les modalités de leur émergence soient en partie distinctes. Nos observations supportent l’idée que dans les mélanges, des odorants ou associations d’odorants pourraient porter des poids perceptifs induisant le traitement analytique, ou synthétique, respectivement. Ces poids peuvent être influencés par certaines caractéristiques physicochimiques des mélanges, notamment leur complexité, mais peuvent aussi être en partie modifiés par l’expérience et par le développement. Au final, ces travaux apportent des résultats originaux permettant de comprendre comment les organismes, à différentes périodes de leurs histoires individuelles, arrivent à extraire de l’environnement hautement complexe des odorants ou mélanges d’odorants biologiquement pertinentsWithin each breath, a large diversity of volatiles molecules of the surrounding reaches our olfactory receptors. Despite the chemical complexity of the natural environment, the organisms succeed to represent their world using single odorants or mixtures. The treatment is then based on two processes: the elemental mode, which allows extracting the odor quality of all or some of the elements, or the configural mode which allows the holistic representation of the mixture. In this doctoral thesis, we evaluated the influence of some physicochemical parameters, the number of odorants included in a mixture and the developmental stage of an organism in the perception of mixtures in the rabbit and the Human. The results confirm that the perception of configurations is shared by the two models even if the modality of their emergence can be distinct, at least in part. Our findings support the idea that in mixture, several elements or association of elements can carry a perceptual weight leading to the elemental, or configural perception, respectively. These weights can be influenced by several mixture physicochemical parameters, especially their complexity, but can also be partially modified by experience and development. Finally, these works brings original results allowing to better understand how an organism, at different period of its individual life, achieves the extraction of biologically relevant odorants or mixtures of odorants from the highly chemical environment
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Chen, Wei-Ying. "Temporal Limits of Multiple Object Tracking and Resource Theory". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/9413.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The attentional capacity limitation of tracking multiple moving objects has been discussed expansively by various theoreticians. The research reported in this thesis assessed the limits of object tracking with a series of systematic psychophysical investigations. Chapter 2 reports evidence that the limits of object tracking are directly due to the resources allocated to each target rather than caused by spatial interference (Franconeri et al., 2008; 2010). With widely-spaced target configurations, the maximum speed observers could track targets declined as the number of targets increased. Chapter 4 provides evidence supporting the claim that tracking resources are flexibly shared among targets, with the fastest-moving target receiving more resources than the slower-moving target. These results provide concrete evidence to support the assumptions of resource theory: continuously allocated resources, limited capacity, and flexible resource allocation. The current research also demonstrated some specific findings regarding resource theory in object tracking. Chapters 3 and 4 confirmed previous findings obtained using different methodologies (Alvarez & Cavanagh, 2005) by showing that tracking resources are largely hemisphere-specific, and effectively demonstrated that performance for a fast-moving target is very sensitive to the amount of resources allocated. Furthermore, Chapter 5 showed that observers lost the tracked target if distractors occupied a location close to the time a target occupied it, suggesting that the mechanism of tracking also has a limited temporal resolution, and that reducing the resource allocated to each target reduces temporal resolution. To conclude, the findings of all the experiments are discussed in the context of various resource theories.
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Rousselet, Guillaume. "Catégorisation visuelle rapide des scènes naturelles : limites du parallélisme et spécificité des visages.Une étude comportementale et électrophysiologique chez l'humain". Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00071015.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Cette thèse porte sur le traitement rapide des informations visuelles contenues dans les scènes naturelles. Elle s'articule en deux chapitres constitués chacun d'une revue de la littérature et d'articles présentant des travaux expérimentaux réalisés au cours de celle-ci.Le chapitre 1 s'intéresse tout d'abord au degré de parallélisme dans le traitement des scènes naturelles.
Contrairement aux modèles sériels qui postulent que les objets sont analysés l'un après l'autre, une revue
détaillée de la littérature suggère une grande part de parallélisme dans le traitement visuel. Les deux
premiers articles de cette thèse portent sur la catégorisation d'objets dans les scènes naturelles et suggèrent que l'interférence entre représentations d'objets aurait lieu principalement au niveau décisionnel, probablement dans les aires frontales. La seconde partie du chapitre 1 s'intéresse au parallélisme de traitement qui permet d'extraire le sens du contexte général d'une scène. L'article 3 décrit l'efficacité du système visuel à extraire rapidement le sens global d'une scène et suggère que celui-ci pourrait interagir en parallèle avec la catégorisation des objets. L'article 4 tente de mieux cerner la participation des facteurs visuels ascendants et descendants dans l'analyse des scènes naturelles. Parmi toutes les catégories, les visages humains pourraient être traités de façon très particulière.
Le chapitre 2 discute certains arguments en faveur d'une spécificité des mécanismes impliqués. Des explications alternatives y sont proposées permettant d'envisager un modèle unique de traitement visuel pour toutes les catégories d'objets. L'article 5 montre qu'au niveau comportemental les visages d'êtres humains dans des scènes naturelles ne sont pas traités plus rapidement que d'autres catégories d'objets familiers. L'article 6 tente de déterminer le temps de traitement de ces stimuli au niveau électrophysiologique. Plusieurs hypothèses sont discutées. L'article 7 montre que la N170 n'est pas aussi spécifique des visages d'êtres humains que communément admis. Ce qui semble leur être spécifique est l'ampleur de l'effet d'inversion
au niveau comportemental et électrophysiologique. Tous ces résultats sont discutés dans le cadre des
modèles actuels du traitement visuel.
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Giguère, Benjamin. "Identity threats, social identification and limited resources an examination of social and cognitive determinants of self-regulation /". 2004. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:MR11799.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (M.A.)--York University, 2004. Graduate Programme in Psychology.Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 37-45). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004 & res_dat=xri:pqdiss & rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation & rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:MR11799.
Libri sul tema "Limite perception/cognition"
1
Marc, Jeannerod, a cura di. Ways of seeing: The scope and limits of visual cognition. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003.
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J, Kulikowski J., Walsh V e Murray I. J, a cura di. Limits of vision. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1991.
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3
Gershman, Samuel. What Makes Us Smart. Princeton University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691205717.001.0001.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
At the heart of human intelligence rests a fundamental puzzle: How are we incredibly smart and stupid at the same time? No existing machine can match the power and flexibility of human perception, language, and reasoning. Yet, we routinely commit errors that reveal the failures of our thought processes. This book makes sense of this paradox by arguing that our cognitive errors are not haphazard. Rather, they are the inevitable consequences of a brain optimized for efficient inference and decision making within the constraints of time, energy, and memory—in other words, data and resource limitations. Framing human intelligence in terms of these constraints, the book shows how a deeper computational logic underpins the “stupid” errors of human cognition. Embarking on a journey across psychology, neuroscience, computer science, linguistics, and economics, the book presents unifying principles that govern human intelligence. First, inductive bias: any system that makes inferences based on limited data must constrain its hypotheses in some way before observing data. Second, approximation bias: any system that makes inferences and decisions with limited resources must make approximations. Applying these principles to a range of computational errors made by humans, the book demonstrates that intelligent systems designed to meet these constraints yield characteristically human errors. Examining how humans make intelligent and maladaptive decisions, the book delves into the successes and failures of cognition.
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Guillery, Ray. Relating the neural connections to actions and perceptions. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198806738.003.0011.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
So far, I have stressed the neural basis of the interactive view. In this chapter I discuss issues raised by Adrian. To what extent can we read the neural facts in terms of their implications for our conscious experiences? Neural events in the cerebral cortex lead to conscious events, including (but not limited to) perceptions of sensory events as well as perceptions of our own upcoming actions. The neural strength of a conscious event varies, increasing up the cortical hierarchy. Whereas the standard view may seem natural in terms of our own cognitive and behavioural experiences, and there are classical pathways to support the standard view, there are, in addition to the neural reasons considered in previous chapters, many non-neural reasons for questioning this view and taking an interactive view. I summarize these reasons briefly and then look at some of the many novel questions that are raised about the nervous system by the interactive view.
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Robertson, Ian H., e Redmond G. O'Connell. Rehabilitation of Attention Functions. A cura di Anna C. (Kia) Nobre e Sabine Kastner. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199675111.013.021.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The evidence for the effectiveness of rehabilitation of three types of attention—selectivity, sustained attention, and attentional switching—is reviewed. Limited but significant effects in all three domains are observed, though evidence for generalization to wider everyday life functions remains relatively sparse. In the case of sustained attention and also in the case of spatial selectivity, the modulating effects of arousal are shown to be important, and higher level executive deficits may at times be exacerbated or even caused by lowered levels of arousal. Conversely, methods of modulating arousal may be used to improve sustained attention and executive functions in a range of clinical conditions. Attentional functions are key to other cognitive domains such as attention and perception, and so the promising evidence for attentional rehabilitation may contribute to the rehabilitation of other cognitive domains also.
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Lau, Hakwan. In Consciousness we Trust. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198856771.001.0001.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This book puts forward a mechanistic account of subjective experience based on a review of the current cognitive neuroscience literature on conscious perception, attention, and metacognition. It is argued that current empirical studies are often misinterpreted. An undue focus has been placed on perceptual capacity rather than subjective experience per se. Null findings are often overemphasized despite the limited sensitivity of the methods used. A synthesis is proposed to combine the advantages and intuitions of both global and local theories of consciousness. This will be discussed in the context of our understanding of the sense of agency, emotion, rationality, culture, philosophical theories, and clinical applications. Taking insights from both physiology and current research in artificial intelligence, the resulting view directly addresses the qualitative nature of subjective experience.
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Martin, Jeffrey J. Exercise and Body Image. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190638054.003.0038.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
A major research question in disability exercise psychology is if exercise can positively influence body image. The purpose of this chapter is to review the research on disability, exercise, and body image. Physical activity (PA) may enhance perceptions of body image because people can lose body fat and increase their muscularity. It can also enhance functionality and make activities of daily living easier and help people shift their focus from appearance to body function. PA can reduce the negative evaluations and increase the positive evaluations that individuals with disabilities receive from others. Correlational studies have provided some support for a link between body image and exercise, as social physique anxiety is negatively linked to self-esteem and athletic identity among athletes with disabilities. Qualitative researchers have documented exercisers and athletes proclaiming the importance of PA in helping them feel good about their bodies. Limited intervention research has shown that PA can produce enhanced body image cognitions, such as increased body satisfaction.
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Bortolotti, Lisa. The Epistemic Innocence of Irrational Beliefs. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198863984.001.0001.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Ideally, we would have beliefs that satisfy norms of truth and rationality, as well as fostering the acquisition, retention and use of other relevant information. In reality, we have limited cognitive capacities and are subject to motivational biases on an everyday basis, and may also experience impairments in perception, memory, learning, and reasoning in the course of our lives. Such limitations and impairments give rise to distorted memory beliefs, confabulated explanations, elaborated delusional beliefs, motivated delusional beliefs, and optimistically biased beliefs. In the book, Bortolotti argues that some irrational beliefs qualify as epistemically innocent, where the notion of epistemic innocence captures the fact that in some contexts the adoption, maintenance or reporting of the beliefs delivers significant epistemic benefits that could not be easily attained otherwise. Epistemic innocence is a weaker notion than epistemic justification, as it does not imply that the epistemic benefits of the irrational belief outweigh its epistemic costs. However, it clarifies the relationship between the epistemic and psychological effects of irrational beliefs on agency. It is misleading to assume that epistemic rationality and psychological adaptiveness always go hand-in-hand, but also that there is a straight-forward trade off between them. Rather, epistemic irrationality can lead to psychological adaptiveness and psychological adaptiveness in turn can support the attainment of epistemic goals. Recognising the circumstances in which irrational beliefs enhance or restore epistemic performance informs our mutual interactions and enables us to take measures to reduce their irrationality without undermining the conditions for epistemic success.
Capitoli di libri sul tema "Limite perception/cognition"
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Viswanathan, Vaisagh, e Michael Lees. "Modeling and Analyzing the Human Cognitive Limits for Perception in Crowd Simulation". In Transactions on Computational Science XVI, 55–76. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32663-9_4.
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Viswanathan, Vaisagh, e Michael Lees. "Modeling and Analyzing the Human Cognitive Limits for Perception in Crowd Simulation". In Transactions on Computational Science XVII, 51–72. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35840-1_3.
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Smit, Nienke, Marijn van Dijk, Kees de Bot e Wander Lowie. "The Teacher’s Turn: Teachers’ Perceptions of Observed Patterns of Classroom Interaction". In Effective Teaching Around the World, 737–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-31678-4_34.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractInsight in the way verbal teacher-student classroom interaction unfolds during the language lesson is of crucial importance for effective teaching. Although classroom observational research is indispensable, it is unable to uncover underlying intentions or motivations for the observed behavior. Teacher cognition research seeks to address the relation between teaching practice and what teachers think. This study reports on the perceptions of a group of English as a foreign language teachers (n = 57) who were asked to reflect on results from a classroom observation study about EFL teacher-student interaction in a similar teaching context. A large majority (82%) of the respondents recognized the observed pattern of closed teacher questions and limited student responses. This majority indicated that student participation in their own lessons is similar to the observed lessons or lower. Respondents attributed the pattern of high teacher activity and low student activity to emotional factors rather than to students’ proficiency levels, lesson content, lesson activities or motivational aspects. According to 51% of the respondents, making students feel more competent by focusing on formative evaluation might improve classroom interaction, whereas 18% of the respondents suggested that interaction could be improved by using different teaching materials.
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Tulek, Zeliha. "Neurological System". In Health Assessment & Physical Examination in Nursing, 157–75. Istanbul: Nobel Tip Kitabevleri, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.69860/nobel.9786053359135.9.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The nervous system is the best-organized and most complex system of the body, both in terms of its structure and function. It performs a sensory or motor response by processing and interpreting the stimuli it receives as sensory input from the internal and external environment. The nervous system is the system that controls and regulates all bodily functions (regulating the function of all organs and systems, homeostasis, etc.), muscle movements, sensory perceptions, mental abilities (consciousness, alertness, awareness, cognitive functions), and emotions. As with all other diseases, a good assessment of nervous system disorders is important to diagnose disease and initiate appropriate treatments early. However, its examination is different from that of other systems, and methods such as palpation, percussion, and auscultation in the classic physical examination have limited place in the evaluation of the neurological system. The evaluation is usually based on history and observation of clinical signs and symptoms as well as behaviors. Sometimes the diagnosis is made on the basis of data collected during a detailed interview with the patient. For this reason, history takes a very important place in the diagnosis. Physical examination then assesses mental status, cranial nerve function, motor function, sensory function, cerebellar function, and reflexes.
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Audi, Robert. "Perception: Sensory, Conceptual, and Cognitive Dimensions". In Moral Perception. Princeton University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691156484.003.0002.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This chapter considers how perception is central in epistemology, and the concept of perception is among the most important in philosophy. If the psychological authority of perception—chiefly, its power to compel belief under varying conditions—is not in general contested, its epistemic authority—chiefly, its power to yield knowledge and justified belief—is often taken to be limited to certain realms and to hold for descriptive rather than normative propositions. Paradigms of the former are propositions ascribing observable properties, such as color and shape, to macroscopic objects. Whereas paradigms of normative propositions are those ascribing obligations to persons, wrongness to actions, or intrinsic goodness or badness to states of affairs.
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Block, Ned. "Modularity". In The Border Between Seeing and Thinking, 394—C11.F2. Oxford University PressNew York, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197622223.003.0011.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract One approach to the perception/cognition distinction is based on the cognitive architecture of the mind, the relatively fixed structures within which perception and cognition operate. One type of architectural theory is the modularity view. Another is the dimension restriction hypothesis. But even if the mind is not modular, there are significant partial truths in modularity theses. For example, perception has significant dimensions of informational encapsulation. Jerry Fodor (1983) characterized modules in terms of a list of nine diagnostic properties that are supposed to apply to input systems but not to central cognition. Those properties are: domain specificity, mandatory operation, limited central accessibility, fast processing, informational encapsulation, “shallow” outputs, fixed neural architecture, characteristic and specific breakdown pattern, and characteristic ontogenetic pace and sequencing. Each module was supposed to have its own “database” and its own algorithms which were available to the computations of that module but not to other modules. This chapter discusses Fodor’s notion of modularity and goes through his criteria one by one, concluding that there is some truth in the modularity thesis but that it is substantially wrong.
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Tanton, Tobias. "Cognition Beyond the Brain". In Corporeal Theology, 127—C5.P65. Oxford University PressOxford, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192884589.003.0006.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract This chapter details and evaluates of the ‘replacement’ and ‘constitution’ hypotheses, the two remaining hypotheses of embodied cognition which were introduced in Chapter 2. The replacement hypothesis seeks to explain cognitive processes by replacing internal mental representations with sensorimotor engagement with the world. It elegantly describes how internal mental models are not required for outfielders catching a ball or robots navigating a maze. However, certain ‘representation-hungry’ cognitive tasks reason about objects not immediately available to perception and are therefore less amenable to replacement-style explanations. The significance of sensorimotor engagement with the environment leads to the constitution hypothesis, which suggests that cognitive processes extend beyond the brain, and are co-constituted by bodily states and environmental resources. However, significant disagreement persists concerning the criteria by which to circumscribe cognition, and some argue that few if any cognitive tasks are implemented on extra-cranial physical media. Even if strong versions of the replacement and constitution hypotheses are limited in scope, weak versions nevertheless draw attention to the way in which a multitude of cognitive tasks are ‘scaffolded’ by environmental resources. In following chapters these views of cognition will be applied to analyse embodied religious practices.
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Bussell, Linda D. "Learning Science Concepts with Haptic Feedback". In Digital Multimedia Perception and Design, 132–51. IGI Global, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59140-860-4.ch006.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This chapter examines the use of haptic feedback in a multimedia simulation as a means of conveying information about physical science concepts. The case study presented herein investigates the effects of force feedback on children’s conceptions of gravity, mass, and related concepts following experimentation with a force-feedback-enabled simulation. Two groups of 17 children conducted experiments with the simulation; the experimental group used both visual and force feedback, and the control group used visual feedback only. Evidence of positive gains by the experimental group who used the simulation with force feedback is presented. Guidelines for applying these technologies effectively for educational purposes are discussed. This chapter adds to the limited research on the application of haptic feedback for conceptual learning and provides a basis for further research into the effects of computer-based haptic feedback on children’s cognition.
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Gruhn, Wilfried, e Frances Rauscher. "The Neurobiology of Music Cognition and Learning". In The New Handbook Of Research On Music Teaching And Learning, 445–60. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195138849.003.0029.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract The last century has provided a wealth of important data about cognition and learning. However, with the cognitive revolution in developmental psychology and the rise of Piaget’s theory within developmental psychology, the emphasis shifted from learning to thinking. Consequently, we now know quite a bit about children’s thinking at different ages, but we know little about how they learn. The movement away from studying children’s learning reflected more than a shift in interest; it also reflected an assumption that development and learning are fundamentally different processes. However, learning and cognition are two sides of the same coin. What one knows is largely based upon what one has learned, and learning, of course, generates knowledge. Therefore, any theory of development that has little to say about how children learn is a seriously limited theory of development. Over the past decade, the emergence of the interdisciplinary field of cognitive neuroscience has led to the realization that the neural basis of cognition and learning can be empirically studied. Such investigations commonly lead to fresh insights and theories about a variety of developmental processes. This chapter reviews current research on the neural basis of music learning and cognition with the view that neuroscientific research is as relevant to musical processes as knowledge and concepts gained from the study of, for example, perception, emotion, and motor function. Where possible, we refer the reader to relevant chapters elsewhere in this Handbook for a greater degree of technical detail.
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Hecht, Heiko. "The limits of an occasionalist Gibsonian theory of perceptual space". In Cognitive Contributions to the Perception of Spatial and Temporal Events, 65–68. Elsevier, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0166-4115(99)80008-9.
Testo completoAtti di convegni sul tema "Limite perception/cognition"
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Sundarapperuma, T. D., P. N. Kariyawasam, K. De Silva, H. Madushanth e M. K. Gamage. "Informal Caregivers’ Perception of Barriers for Cognitive Health Promotion Activities for Older Adults in Galle District". In SLIIT International Conference on Advancements in Sciences and Humanities 2023. Faculty of Humanities and Sciences, SLIIT, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54389/bgtk7766.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Health promotion activities to improve cognition have shown a significant impact on the prevention of cognitive decline in elderly people. Limited studies are available on the caregivers’ perceptions of barriers to health promotion interventions to improve the cognitive health of older adults. A qualitative descriptive explorative study was conducted with the participation of 17 caregivers. Data were collected through focus group discussions, and all the sessions were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. The thematic analysis was used for data analysis. The mean age ±SD of the participants was 40.24±4.7 years and 9 participants out of 17 were female. Five themes were identified based on discussions with caregivers. These themes were lack of awareness of cognitive decline and preventive interventions, the physical discomfort of older people, lack of financial independence, resource deficiency, and intransigent behavior. The findings revealed that the majority of caregivers do not have an appropriate understanding of cognitive health promotion interventions. Therefore, a well-structured, culturally sensitive, and person centered intervention programme would be beneficial to introduce cognitive health promotion activities for older adults and caregivers.
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Xu, Qi, Yu Qi, Hang Yu, Jiangrong Shen, Huajin Tang e Gang Pan. "CSNN: An Augmented Spiking based Framework with Perceptron-Inception". In Twenty-Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-18}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2018/228.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) represent and transmit information in spikes, which is considered more biologically realistic and computationally powerful than the traditional Artificial Neural Networks. The spiking neurons encode useful temporal information and possess highly anti-noise property. The feature extraction ability of typical SNNs is limited by shallow structures. This paper focuses on improving the feature extraction ability of SNNs in virtue of powerful feature extraction ability of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). CNNs can extract abstract features resorting to the structure of the convolutional feature maps. We propose a CNN-SNN (CSNN) model to combine feature learning ability of CNNs with cognition ability of SNNs. The CSNN model learns the encoded spatial temporal representations of images in an event-driven way. We evaluate the CSNN model on the handwritten digits images dataset MNIST and its variational databases. In the presented experimental results, the proposed CSNN model is evaluated regarding learning capabilities, encoding mechanisms, robustness to noisy stimuli and its classification performance. The results show that CSNN behaves well compared to other cognitive models with significantly fewer neurons and training samples. Our work brings more biological realism into modern image classification models, with the hope that these models can inform how the brain performs this high-level vision task.
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"TOO MANY DULL WORDS EXCEED THE LIMITS OF VISUAL PERCEPTION: THE EFFECTS OF CLUTTER AND COLOUR ON LEARNING". In 17th International Conference on Cognition and Exploratory Learning in the Digital Age. IADIS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33965/celda2020_202014l001.
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Uluer, Pınar, Can Göçmenoğlu e Tankut Acarman. "Evaluation of Drivers Authority in a Structured Set of Driving Tasks and Decisions: Preliminary Results on Vehicle Simulator Study". In ASME 2012 11th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2012-82675.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
One of the most challenging factors in the development of autonomous vehicles and advanced driver assistance systems is the imitation of an expert driver system which is the observer and interpreter of the technical system in the related driving scenario. To achieve an expert human-like situational understanding and decision making may be an important feature to fulfill the necessary active safety requirements. In this paper, an exploratory study on a multimodal adaptive driver assistance system is presented. The main goal is to determine the human driver’s attention and authority level in a cognitive model and to trigger the timely warnings according to his/her driving intents and driving skills with respect to the possible driving situation and hazard scenarios. In the previous studies, a fairly restrictive vision-based driver assistance system has been deployed to detect lane departure, blind-spot and to monitor following distance, headway time. This vision-based driver assistance system considers the driver’s driving performance metric sampled during the longitudinal and lateral vehicle control tasks as well as the processed information about the surrounding traffic environment consisting of the interactions with the other vehicles and the road situations. The presented active safety system models the driving task in a cognitive architecture and assesses the cognition of the human driver by modeling the situation awareness of the driver by using fuzzy sets. Each fuzzy set simply represents the expert driver’s perception in both of the longitudinal and lateral traffic. The presented system evaluates the driver’s driving skills and attention level by comparing the expert and human driver’s reactions suited in a finite set of decision and maneuvering task. In case of hazard analysis, the system triggers timely warnings pointing the driver’s attention at the lateral or longitudinal maneuvering tasks depending on the interpreted situation. Introductory experiments are performed with a limited number of participants, the test driving data including the driver’s perception and reaction to the surrounding vehicles and traffic situations are collected by the use of a vehicle simulator. And the presented multimodal adaptive driver assistance system is evaluated by the simulator. The preliminary results seem to be promising.
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Lee, I.-jui, e Pan Xin - Ting. "Multisensory Virtual Reality Reminiscence Therapy: A Preliminary Study on the Initial Impact on Memory and Spatial Judgment Abilities in Older Adults". In 15th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2024). AHFE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1004984.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
With advancing medical technology and the rise of an aging society, the global population of dementia patients is increasing. Dementia is an irreversible degenerative disease that leads to a gradual decline in cognitive abilities, including memory, spatial judgment, time perception, and language skills. Despite the availability of medication to alleviate symptoms, a complete cure is unattainable, and treatment can only delay disease progression with limited effectiveness. Recent literature explores non-pharmacological treatments for dementia, including reminiscence therapy, and investigates the use of Virtual Reality (VR) as a therapeutic approach. Unlike traditional methods, VR technology can create realistic virtual environments, enhancing sensory and cognitive experiences. Related studies have explored the combination of visual and auditory experiences in the VR environment, incorporating sensory stimuli such as touch and smell to enhance the sensory and cognitive abilities of older adults. Previous research indicates that combining multiple sensory stimuli can enhance memory and spatial judgment abilities. Therefore, the present study focuses on developing a VR game that integrates multiple sensory stimuli to investigate its impact on the memory, spatial judgment, and time perception of older adults. To achieve this goal, the research team invited experts to develop a VR game with multiple sensory stimuli, combining visual, auditory, tactile, and olfactory elements, with a theme centered around agricultural life. We conducted in-depth discussions on multi-sensory experiences, and preliminary feedback was obtained through interviews with elderly participants and observations by experts. Experts found that the nostalgic therapeutic farming game that combined VR technology and multiple sensory elements resulted in better performance of older adults in task judgment and memory retrieval. Despite the limited number of participants and this study's short training period, future comprehensive experiments and long-term observations are necessary to obtain more substantial evidence.
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Abaid, Nicole, e Maurizio Porfiri. "Topological Analysis of Numerosity-Constrained Social Networks". In ASME 2010 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2010-4099.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In this study, we present a class of directed graphs with bounded degree sequences, which embodies the physical phenomenon of numerosity found in the collective behavior of large animal groups. Behavioral experiments show that an animal’s perception of number is capped by a critical limit, above which an individual perceives a nonspecific “many”. This species-dependent limit plays a pivotal role in the decision making process of large groups, such as fish schools and bird flocks. Here, we consider directed graphs whose edges model information-sharing between individual vertices. We incorporate the numerosity phenomenon as a critical limit on the intake of information by bounding the degree sequence and include the variability of cognitive processes by using a random variable in the network construction. We analytically compute measures of the expected structure of this class of graphs based on cycles, clustering, and sorting among vertices. Theoretical results are verified with numerical simulation.
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Benente, Michela, Valeria Minucciani e Melania Semeraro. "Narrative apparatus in archaeological museums and communication for all". In 15th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2024). AHFE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1004785.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This paper focuses on the communication in museums, intended as solutions, both verbal and perceptive, to involve visitors and convey messages.Captions and panels are the first and most evident components of museum communication, and can entail difficulties of different nature: from the language for insiders to the inadequate font dimensions. Nevertheless, space can create atmospheres and communicative environments even without words or explicit references. Involving other senses than the sight, we are more exposed to them and less vigilant in recognising and critically evaluating them. This matter involves all audiences, but it can create considerable differences between audiences that are more or less culturally equipped to recognise implicit messages. From the other sides, the communicative power of spatial signals can be exploited to reach people who do not feel like reading, and are suspicious of long speeches and an abundance of information.Finally, if verbal communication and spatial environment create a consistent system, they can be much more effective. This paper examines in particular the archaeological heritage and its difficulties to reach a very heterogeneous audience. The inclusive solutions should tend to overlap different tools, avoiding to explicitly “target” them. The Authors question how to decline design for all, if by fruition we do not only mean making contact but understanding the message (above all the values, not only the information content); they question how to adapt the modes of narration to the perceptive but above all cognitive capacities: a profound rethinking is needed since the translation from one medium to another one is not enough. Lastly, they wonder what role space and its perception play and how exhibition design can influence/help, given that the mediation of content for archaeological heritage encounters "ideological and cultural rather than practical or economic" limits and difficulties.In particular, this paper is based on the outcomes of two surveys carried out in Musei Reali Torino and Museo Nazionale Etrusco di Villa Giulia (Rome), revealing the difficulties in transmitting contents and enabling visitors reflect on them.
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Rahman, Haji, e Mehtab Hameed. "Teaching and Learning with Smartphone: Qualitative Explorative Study from Pakistan". In Fourth International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head18.2018.8015.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This paper investigates the perceptions of teachers and students about using smartphone for teaching and learning practices in private sector universities of Islamabad through cross-sectional based qualitative explorative study. Focus group interviews were conducted from teachers and students through self-selection sampling technique. Current study is guided by Grounded Theory for which semi-structured questionnaire was adopted and modified. The results suggested two categories of teachers, Realistic and Idealistic. Realist teachers believe that they have to follow and act according to principles of reality that prevailes on ground. Idealist teachers believe that their job is to enlarge the intellectual capacity of students with focus on cognitive development rather vocational training. To sum up, integration of modern technologies like smartphone in higher education stimulates to adopt creative and innovative ways for teaching and learning practices because of its bilateral, media-rich and knowledge sharing nature thus necessary for gaining competitive advantage. Few restrictions were faced by researchers. The study is limited to city of Islamabad only. A practical implication of this study along with few recommendations for future research is also given. Keywords:Teaching; learning; smartphone; perceptions; private universities.
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Ronné, Jules, Laura Dubuis e Thomas Robert. "Assessment of bicycle experimental objective handling quality indicators". In The Evolving Scholar - BMD 2023, 5th Edition. The Evolving Scholar - BMD 2023, 5th Edition, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.59490/6504c0e90df003ee2fc2a2e0.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Understanding and mastering handling quality is a critical concern for bicycle designers, as it directly impacts safety, comfort, and performance. However, this aspect has received limited attention to date. Existing literature offers experimental handling quality indicators based on bicycle kinematics, but their validity has yet to be established. This study aims to assess the predictive power of these indicators using experimental data derived from subjective assessments of handling quality. These data, obtained from a protocol involving 20 participants and 2 bicycles, enabled testing 39 experimental indicators. The results indicate that certain vehicle kinematic quantities are indeed correlated with the perception of handling quality but with low predictive power. Indicators based on handlebar movement are the most effective in explaining the sensation of handling quality. These indicators perform particularly well at low speeds, where physical and cognitive workload are associated with the quantity of control actions on the handlebars.
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Ronné, Jules, Laura Dubuis e Thomas Robert. "Assessment of bicycle experimental objective handling quality indicators". In The Evolving Scholar - BMD 2023, 5th Edition. The Evolving Scholar - BMD 2023, 5th Edition, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.59490/65e718b10d45168c0b1a3a00.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Understanding and mastering handling quality is a critical concern for bicycle designers, as it directly impacts safety, comfort, and performance. However, this aspect has received limited attention to date. Existing literature offers experimental handling quality indicators based on bicycle kinematics, but their validity has yet to be established. This study aims to assess the predictive power of these indicators using experimental data derived from subjective assessments of handling quality. These data, obtained from a protocol involving 20 participants and 2 bicycles, enabled testing 39 experimental indicators. The results indicate that certain vehicle kinematic quantities are indeed correlated with the perception of handling quality but with low predictive power. Indicators based on handlebar movement are the most effective in explaining the sensation of handling quality. These indicators perform particularly well at low speeds, where physical and cognitive workload are associated with the quantity of control actions on the handlebars.
Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Limite perception/cognition"
1
Harris, Gregory, Brooke Hatchell, Davelin Woodard e Dwayne Accardo. Intraoperative Dexmedetomidine for Reduction of Postoperative Delirium in the Elderly: A Scoping Review. University of Tennessee Health Science Center, luglio 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21007/con.dnp.2021.0010.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background/Purpose: Post-operative delirium leads to significant morbidity in elderly patients, yet there is no regimen to prevent POD. Opioid use in the elderly surgical population is of the most significant risk factors for developing POD. The purpose of this scoping review is to recognize that Dexmedetomidine mitigates cognitive dysfunction secondary to acute pain and the use of narcotic analgesia by decreasing the amount of norepinephrine (an excitatory neurotransmitter) released during times of stress. This mechanism of action also provides analgesia through decreased perception and modulation of pain. Methods: The authors developed eligibility criteria for inclusion of articles and performed a systematic search of several databases. Each of the authors initially selected five articles for inclusion in the scoping review. We created annotated literature tables for easy screening by co-authors. After reviewing the annotated literature table four articles were excluded, leaving 11 articles for inclusion in the scoping review. There were six level I meta-analysis/systematic reviews, four level II randomized clinical trials, and one level IV qualitative research article. Next, we created a data-charting form on Microsoft Word for extraction of data items and synthesis of results. Results: Two of the studies found no significant difference in POD between dexmedetomidine groups and control groups. The nine remaining studies noted decreases in the rate, duration, and risk of POD in the groups receiving dexmedetomidine either intraoperatively or postoperatively. Multiple studies found secondary benefits in addition to decreased POD, such as a reduction of tachycardia, hypertension, stroke, hypoxemia, and narcotic use. One study, however, found that the incidence of hypotension and bradycardia were increased among the elderly population. Implications for Nursing Practice: Surgery is a tremendous stressor in any age group, but especially the elderly population. It has been shown postoperative delirium occurs in 17-61% of major surgery procedures with 30-40% of the cases assumed to be preventable. Opioid administration in the elderly surgical population is one of the most significant risk factors for developing POD. With anesthesia practice already leaning towards opioid-free and opioid-limited anesthetic, the incorporation of dexmedetomidine could prove to be a valuable resource in both reducing opioid use and POD in the elderly surgical population. Although more research is needed, the current evidence is promising.