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1
Grandjean, Geoffrey. "La limitation du cumul de mandats par les députés wallons". Courrier hebdomadaire du CRISP N° 2255-2256, n. 10 (2015): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/cris.2255.0005.
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Jegouzo, Yves, Marie-Françoise Bechtel e Marie-Christine Henry-Meininger. "Le point sur la limitation du cumul des mandats électoraux". Revue française d'administration publique 37, n. 1 (1986): 158–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rfap.1986.1682.
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Févrat, Noémie. "The Effects of U.S. State Legislative Term Limits on Political Representation and Professionalization". Politique américaine N° 40, n. 1 (20 giugno 2023): 51–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/polam.040.0051.
Abstract (sommario):
En 1990, plus de deux siècles après la proposition de Jefferson de limiter la réélection des membres du Congrès, les États de l’Oklahoma et de la Californie tiennent les premiers référendums pour adopter des mesures dans ce sens. Cette thématique est familière de l’histoire institutionnelle états-unienne. Le système de rotation par la limitation de la réélection est appliqué pour la présidence des États-Unis depuis 1951. Depuis les années 1990, il concerne également les membres des assemblées des États fédérés et les maires de plus de 3 000 villes. Cet article met en lumière les effets d’une telle mesure de recodification temporelle des mandats en s’appuyant sur le cas californien. D’abord, nous cherchons à montrer les effets de la limitation de la réélection sur la composition des assemblées représentatives (diversification et féminisation) et ensuite, à travers la méthode de l’analyse de séquences, nous interrogeons les recompositions subséquentes des carrières politiques.
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Lefebvre, Rémi. "Rapprocher l’élu et le citoyen. La « proximité » dans le débat sur la limitation du cumul des mandats (1998-2000)". Mots, n. 77 (1 marzo 2005): 41–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/mots.127.
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Duursma, Allard, e Isak Svensson. "Introducing an Agenda-based Measurement of Mediation Success: The Divergent Effects of the Manipulation Strategy in African Civil Wars". International Negotiation 24, n. 2 (25 aprile 2019): 296–323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718069-24011175.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract Previous quantitative mediation research has relied on generalized measurements of “mediation success,” such as agreements, ceasefires or peace durability. However, these measurements of success do not take into account what mediators were mandated to achieve. We propose benchmarking outcomes against the explicit mandates of the interventions, a novel way of conceptualizing mediation success. Utilizing data on the agendas of mediated negotiations in intrastate armed conflicts in Africa between 1990 and 2010 as a proxy for mediation mandates, we examine the relative effectiveness of manipulation as a mediation strategy. The study shows, in contrast to previous research, that third party manipulation does not have a significant effect on whether the goal of a given round of negotiations is achieved and, that under some circumstances, may decrease the likelihood of mediation success. We discuss the opportunities as well as limitations of a mandate-based approach to the study of mediation success.
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Bancroft, Kim. "Implementing the mandate: the limitations of benchmark tests". Educational Assessment, Evaluation and Accountability 22, n. 1 (febbraio 2010): 53–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11092-010-9091-1.
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Alahmad, Ghiath. "Ethical Challenges Involved in COVID-19 Vaccine Mandates for Children: A Systematic Review". Vaccines 11, n. 3 (6 marzo 2023): 601. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11030601.
Abstract (sommario):
The new COVID-19 pandemic has affected day-to-day life, creating various ethical dilemmas. COVID-19 vaccination is seen as an effective way to halt the pandemic. Ethical challenges can arise when the vaccines are mandated for all ages, but more so when mandated for children. This systematic review discusses the pros and cons of the COVID-19 vaccine mandate for children. The primary objective of this study is to summarize exclusively the various ethical conflicts, impacts, and requirements that arise as a result of the COVID-19 vaccine mandate laws on children. The secondary objective is to analyze the reasons for parents refusing to allow their children to be given the COVID-19 vaccine sand the effective strategies to increase vaccine uptake among children. The study involved a systematic review, identification of relevant literature and reviews following the PRISMA-ScR recommendations. The keywords ‘COVID-19 vaccine mandates on children’ were used to mine the literature from PubMed and WHO COVID-19 Research Database. Limitations placed on the original searches were: English language, humans, ethics, and children. Out of 529 studies, only 13 satisfied the selection criteria. The sample included studies with a wide, diverse range of methods, settings, research, authors, and journals. COVID-19 vaccine mandates on children need to be scrutinized. Implementing the COVID-19 vaccination drive in a scientific way is acceptable. As children are the fastest-growing population and have the highest life expectancy, it is important to take into account that the vaccines do not disturb their growth and development.
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Søberg, Peder Veng, e Brian Vejrum Wæhrens. "Subsidiary autonomy and knowledge transfer". Journal of Global Operations and Strategic Sourcing 13, n. 2 (17 novembre 2019): 149–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jgoss-04-2018-0016.
Abstract (sommario):
Purpose This paper aims to explore the effect of subsidiary autonomy on knowledge transfers during captive offshoring to emerging markets. Design/methodology/approach Five longitudinal cases of captive R&D and manufacturing offshoring to emerging markets. Findings The propositions entail the dual effect of operational subsidiary autonomy on primary knowledge transfer and reverse knowledge transfer. For newly established subsidiaries, operational subsidiary autonomy has a mainly negative effect on primary knowledge transfer and a mainly positive effect on reverse knowledge transfer and local collaboration activities increase this effect. Strategic subsidiary autonomy is mainly negative for primary and reverse knowledge transfer. Research limitations/implications Limitations concerning the applied exploratory case study approach suggest that further research should test the identified relationships using surveys, after the initial pilot study. Practical implications A gradual increase of operational subsidiary autonomy as the subsidiary capability level increases is beneficial to ensure primary knowledge transfer. Allowing subsidiaries to collaborate locally within the confines of their mandates benefits reverse knowledge transfer. Originality/value This paper extends the secondary knowledge transfer concept to include knowledge flows with local collaboration partners, not only other subsidiaries and clarifies the distinction between operational and strategic autonomy concerning local collaboration. A subsidiary asserts operational autonomy when its collaboration with local partners relates to its existing mandate. A subsidiary asserts strategic autonomy when it collaborates with local partners beyond this mandate.
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Flores Juberías, Carlos, e Jorge García-Contell Muñoz. "La introducción en España de la limitación de mandatos: una aproximación crítica // The introduction of term limits in Spain: A critical approach". Revista de Derecho Político 1, n. 100 (20 dicembre 2017): 575. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/rdp.100.2017.20710.
Abstract (sommario):
Resumen: Pese a que la Constitución española no contiene previsión alguna respecto a lo que coloquialmente conocemos ya como la limitación de mandatos, y a que tampoco hasta hoy ha considerado oportuno el legislador introducir en nuestro ordenamiento jurídico estatal este tipo de restricciones, lo cierto es que de un tiempo a esta parte la cuestión ha ido ganando gradualmente relevancia en el debate político, habiendo sido regulada ya en varias comunidades autónomas, siendo objeto de debate en otras, y figurando como parte del acuerdo político de investidura sobre el que se sustenta el actual Gobierno de la nación. En este trabajo empezaremos pasando revista al estado de la cuestión en España, así como a los numerosos cambios constitucionales que a lo largo de las dos últimas décadas se han verificado a este respecto en los países latinoamericanos, marco tradicional de esta práctica; para acto seguido debatir en torno a la conveniencia y a la constitucionalidad de la introducción en España de la limitación de mandatos, en su doble dimensión: respecto de los miembros del legislativo, y respecto del responsable máximo del poder ejecutivo. En esta línea analizaremos con especial detalle la idoneidad del instituto para erradicar la corrupción y asegurar la renovación de las elites políticas, la adecuación del mismo a los perfiles netamente parlamentarios de nuestro sistema, y su compatibilidad con los derechos consagrados en nuestra Carta Magna.Summary:1. Some considerations on the topicality of the debate in Spain. 2. The changing reception of the limitation of mandates in comparative constitutionalism. 3. Would be useful introduce the limitation of mandates in Spain? 4. Would be constitutional introduce the limitation of mandates in Spain? 5. Conclusions.AbstractDespite the fact that the Spanish Constitution does not contain any provisions regarding what we colloquially know as term limits, nor has Parliament deemed it appropriate to introduce such restrictions in our legal system, the fact is that for some years now the issue has being gaining relevance in the Spanish political debate, having already been regulated in several autonomous communities, being discussed in others, and appearing as part of the political agreement on which the current Government of the nation is based. In this paper we will begin by reviewing the state of the question in Spain, as well as the numerous constitutional amendments introduced in this respect in several Latin American countries —the traditional framework of this practice— during the last two decades; only to follow with the discussion of the convenience and the constitutionality of the introduction of term limits in Spain, in its twofold dimension: in relation to the members of the legislature and to the head of theexecutive branch. More specifically, we will pay close look to the suitability of the institute to eradicate corruption and ensure the renewal of political elites, to its adequacy to the declared parliamentary nature of our system, and to its compatibility with the rights enshrined in our Basic Law.
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Adrianis, Adrianis, e Dhiant Asri. "Politeness of The Minang Community in The Tourism Object Area in Dealing with Japanese Tourists with Aizuchi Culture". Andalas International Journal of Socio-Humanities 3, n. 2 (20 gennaio 2022): 97–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/aijosh.v3i2.22.
Abstract (sommario):
The study focuses on politeness of merchants and managers in the Minang tourism area in the use of aizuchi towards Japanese tourists in Padang city. Politeness in terms of the language used by Minang merchants in tourism areas can be seen in the daily lives of those who use the Kato Nan Ampek culture. The ampek kato are kato malereng, kato mandaki, kato manurun, and kato mandata. Based on the five characteristics proposed by Mynard, there are only three characteristics, namely expressing confirmation, showing concern, and surprise. These characteristics indicate a cultural attitude that uses Kato Nan Ampek, namely kato mandaki and kato mandata. Politeness that is done to Japanese people who have aizuchi culture, namely the response to the interlocutor varies depending on the place. In general, merchants and tourism object managers are very polite in order to attract tourists to their business. Because of the limitations in mastering the Japanese language, the characteristic forms shown by the merchants are only in the form of confirmation by using the words はい (hai), はい、そうです (hai sou desu), and the form of one's attention in the form of そうですね (sou desune), expressing doubts by using the phrase わかりません (wakarimasen). Meanwhile, the politeness given by merchants and tourism managers is based on the functions put forward by Horiguchi, namely stating that the interlocutor is listening, understanding the conversation, agreeing, and expressing feelings.
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Momina, Ain Ul, e Rubeena Zakar. "Implementation of the Anti-Quackery Mandate Punjab Healthcare Commission: Challenges and Limitations". Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 15, n. 9 (30 settembre 2021): 2150–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs211592150.
Abstract (sommario):
Background: Medical quackery is a big challenge forhealthcare system in Pakistan. This menace was particularly widespread in Punjab, where a regulatory body called the Punjab Healthcare Commission (PHC) was formulatedin 2010. PHC established an Anti-Quackery Cell with the objective of curbing the spread of quackery in the Province. Aim: To find out the challenges that the Anti-Quackery Cell encountered to control quackery. Method: The current study applied a qualitative research method, with a focus on exploratory research design. A total of 20PHC and Anti-Quackery Cell officials were identified by adopting a purposive sampling technique. An interview guide was used to collect data from respondents. An inductive as well as deductive approach was used to extract themes from the data and generate findings. Results: The findings of the study show that the lack of political and administrative will was the most significant challenge to control quackery in Pakistan. Furthermore, inappropriate staff selection, untrained staff, lack of proper legislation and the deep roots quackery in society were other factors that weaken the capacity of the Anti-Quackery Cell. Conclusion: The study concludes that it is very difficult to successfully curb quackery due to the relevance of the practice with the socio-economic and cultural context of Pakistan. However, proper legislation, professional development of staff and strong political and administrative commitment are the way forward. Keywords: PHC, Quackery, healthcare system
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Brown, Lisa R., Pamela McCray, Jeff L. Neal e Lisa Caldwell-Serges. "Corporate Digital Literacy Mandates". International Journal of Advanced Corporate Learning (iJAC) 16, n. 2 (2 maggio 2023): 18–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijac.v16i2.35747.
Abstract (sommario):
Envision an employee showing up faithfully every day for work but cognitively checked out every minute (i.e., quiet quitting). This article adapts a futurist perspective to describe the adult education pedagogy of experiential learning in juxtaposition to the limitations of behaviorist employee training incentives. The authors conceptually apply Spiral Dynamic Theory (SDT) based predictive strategies to capitalize on the assumptions of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation themes among contemporary adult workers. The field of Adult and Continuing Education caters its teaching and learning to people who are 25 years of age and older. As employees, they bring to the corporate work environment a unique set of skills and life experiences that require pedagogical delivery that is innovative and motivating. Research shows that older adults are often technology averse. Therefore, scaffolding the employee’s use of technology and social media as expectations of the work tasks could help improve low digital literacy and increase self-efficacy. This paper offers Spiral Dynamic Theory (SDT) as an instrument for adult training and professional development design.
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Putra, Bama Andika. "Hindrances to Third-Party Interventions in Conflict Resolution: United Nations and Patterns of Constraints in Resolving the Lord’s Resistance Army Conflict Between 2008-2012". Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 10, n. 3 (10 maggio 2021): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/ajis-2021-0079.
Abstract (sommario):
Since 1987, the Lord’s Resistance Army has continued systematic human rights violations in the Central African region. Cases of kidnapping, village raids, mass rapes, and murders, have become defining factors to the urgency of resolving the crisis. In an attempt to respond to the conflict, the United Nations Security Council has initiated a number of political and military-based resolutions to control the conflict since 2008, which includes extending UN peacekeeping mandates in Uganda, Democratic Republic of Congo, and South Sudan, as well as coordinate efforts with relevant African Union bodies. However, its success is far-reached, urging the need to contextualize the forms of hindrances that the UN faced in responding to the crisis. Employing Rourke and Bouyer’s (1996) concept of collective security and measures of response success, with a research limitation set to 2008-2012, a qualitative research utilizing secondary data is implemented, concluding the following hindrances that can be categorized into the following; (1) Implementation of the additional mandate of the UN Peace Forces, (2) Application of the AU Regional Task Force, and (3) Implementation of the Disarmament, Demobilization, Repatriation, Resettlement, and Reintegration program.
Received: 16 December 2020 / Accepted: 11 March 2021 / Published: 10 May 2021
14
Kirkland, Katie Lane. "Concreteness and Contraception". Stance: an international undergraduate philosophy journal 8, n. 1 (18 aprile 2015): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.33043/s.8.1.47-53.
Abstract (sommario):
In this paper, I analyze Simone de Beauvoir’s goals for women expressed in The Second Sex and compare these goals to the opportunities created by the Affordable Care Act’s contraceptive mandate. Though the contraceptive mandate advances Beauvoir’s goal of concrete equality by supporting economic independence and recognizing women’s sexual freedom, there are social and political limitations to these advancements.
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Zhang, Wenjin, Nicholas B. Tooker e Amy V. Mueller. "Enabling wastewater treatment process automation: leveraging innovations in real-time sensing, data analysis, and online controls". Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology 6, n. 11 (2020): 2973–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ew00394h.
Abstract (sommario):
The primary mandate of wastewater treatment facilities is the limitation of pollutant discharges, however both tightening of permit limits and unique challenges associated with improving sustainability (i.e., resource recovery) demand innovation.
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Timothy, Nte. "UN Resolution 1483 Occupational Mandate and Limitations to the Obligations of US Forces in Iraq". IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science 13, n. 2 (2013): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/0837-1324449.
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Stoican, Andreea. "The possible conflict of interests existing during the exercise of the mandate of administrator or for the position of shareholder of a company by shares regulated according to law no. 31/1990". Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence 13, n. 1 (1 maggio 2019): 1172–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/picbe-2019-0103.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract In order to prevent putting personal interests above the interest of the companies they manage, the legislator provided a set of legal rules of limitations of the management bodies’ and shareholders’ behavior. As such, the conflict of interests can occur either at the exact moment of their nomination in the position of management, either during the exercise of their mandate. Therefore, for such decisions that take into account personal matters, to be avoided, the legal rules contain very particular provisions in order to avoid such circumstances of acting in the detriment of the company, either through limitations of the mandate, either through very strict sanctions, including the incrimination of such deeds.
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Schweizer, Roger, Katarina Lagerström e Johan Jakobsson. "The evolution of MNCs' R&D foreign units: the case of Swedish MNCs in India". Cross Cultural & Strategic Management 27, n. 3 (30 aprile 2020): 365–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ccsm-06-2019-0116.
Abstract (sommario):
PurposeThe article aims to explain how the drivers of subsidiary evolution influence a multinational company's (MNC) research and development (R&D) subsidiary's evolution over time.Design/methodology/approachThe article draws on insights from a longitudinal comparative case study of three Swedish MNCs' Indian R&D units.FindingsThe study shows that the evolution of R&D units is a triangular showdown among headquarter assignments, local market constraints, and opportunities, and that subsidiary choice is an important driver of both mandated extension and stagnation. We summarize our findings in various propositions that emphasize different drivers over time and that highlight the strong impact of a subsidiary's understanding of the corporate immune system on the evolution of that subsidiary's R&D mandate.Research limitations/implicationsDrawing on the common limitations of a case study approach, further research is needed to test the suggested propositions with larger samples, ideally with subsidiaries in other emerging and developed markets.Practical implicationsThe study illustrates the risks involved for subsidiary managers when pushing an R&D mandate-related initiative too far and provoking the corporate immune system. For headquarters management, the study highlights the importance of understanding that the development of R&D competence and capability at a subsidiary cannot be guided solely by headquarter assignments and local market characteristics; rather, the subsidiary's initiatives also need to be considered.Originality/valueThe study contributes to the literature on R&D internationalization by showing how the drivers of subsidiary evolution influence a subsidiary's R&D mandates over time and that subsidiary choice is an important driver of both mandated extension and stagnation.
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Thelwall, Mike, e Kayvan Kousha. "Do journal data sharing mandates work? Life sciences evidence from Dryad". Aslib Journal of Information Management 69, n. 1 (16 gennaio 2017): 36–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ajim-09-2016-0159.
Abstract (sommario):
Purpose Data sharing is widely thought to help research quality and efficiency. Data sharing mandates are increasingly being adopted by journals and the purpose of this paper is to assess whether they work. Design/methodology/approach This study examines two evolutionary biology journals, Evolution and Heredity, that have data sharing mandates and make extensive use of Dryad. It uses a quantitative analysis of presence in Dryad, downloads and citations. Findings Within both journals, data sharing seems to be complete, showing that the mandates work on a technical level. Low correlations (0.15-0.18) between data downloads and article citation counts for articles published in 2012 within these journals indicate a weak relationship between data sharing and research impact. An average of 40-55 data downloads per article after a few years suggests that some use is found for shared life sciences data. Research limitations/implications The value of shared data uses is unclear. Practical implications Data sharing mandates should be encouraged as an effective strategy. Originality/value This is the first analysis of the effectiveness of data sharing mandates.
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TROUPEL, Aurélia. "Raccourcir le mandat pour durer ! Les faux-semblants de l'auto-limitation de la durée des fonctions sénatoriales". Pôle Sud 25, n. 2 (2006): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/pole.2006.1351.
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Tupper, Paul, Sarah P. Otto e Caroline Colijn. "Fundamental limitations of contact tracing for COVID-19". FACETS 6 (1 gennaio 2021): 1993–2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/facets-2021-0016.
Abstract (sommario):
Contact tracing has played a central role in COVID-19 control in many jurisdictions and is often used in conjunction with other measures such as travel restrictions and social distancing mandates. Contact tracing is made ineffective, however, by delays in testing, calling, and isolating. Even if delays are minimized, contact tracing triggered by testing of symptomatic individuals can only prevent a fraction of onward transmissions from contacts. Without other measures in place, contact tracing alone is insufficient to prevent exponential growth in the number of cases in a population with little immunity. Even when used effectively with other measures, occasional bursts in call loads can overwhelm contact tracing systems and lead to a loss of control. We propose embracing approaches to COVID-19 contact tracing that broadly test individuals without symptoms, in whatever way is economically feasible—either with fast and cheap tests that can be deployed widely, with pooled testing, or with screening of judiciously chosen groups of high-risk individuals. These considerations are important both in regions where widespread vaccination has been deployed and in those where few residents have been immunized.
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Thapa, Chandan Singh. "Enhancing the Effectiveness of United Nations Peacekeeping Missions". Shivapuri Journal 25, n. 1 (3 marzo 2024): 86–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/shivapuri.v25i1.63434.
Abstract (sommario):
The primary responsibility of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) is to maintain international peace and security. Since the establishment of the UN in 1948, UNSC through UNSC resolutions has pursued this aim by authorizing various peacekeeping missions. When the effectiveness of UN missions is analyzed, it has mixed responses. Some UN missions are considered very successful while some are criticized for their underperformance. The peacekeeping force has to operate in a volatile, uncertain, complex, ambiguous, and highly unpredictable environment with various limitations and constraints. The anti-UN sentiments are observed in some of the missions criticizing its ineffectiveness which has a detrimental effect on the overall credibility of the UN. In this context, the objective of this article is to highlight the challenges of contemporary peacekeeping operations and recommend ways to enhance the effectiveness of peacekeeping forces to deal with prevailing challenges. The article is qualitative and based on secondary data. The personal experience and observation of the author as a peacekeeper in various UN peacekeeping missions in different capacities is also reflected in analyzing the weaknesses and effectiveness of contemporary UN peacekeeping missions. The major findings of this article are that UN missions in Chapter VII and VIII mandate need improvement in multiple facets for the effective implementation of mission mandates like R2P and PoC. The rising anti-UN sentiments in different UN missions and increasing trend by host nations demanding the closure of contemporary UN missions further advocate revitalization in the UN peacekeeping approach.
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PERSSON, PETRA. "Attention manipulation and information overload". Behavioural Public Policy 2, n. 1 (13 febbraio 2018): 78–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bpp.2017.10.
Abstract (sommario):
AbstractLimits on consumer attention give firms incentives to manipulate prospective buyers’ allocation of attention. This paper models such attention manipulation and shows that it limits the ability of disclosure regulation to improve consumer welfare. Competitive information supply from firms competing for attention can reduce consumers’ knowledge by causing information overload. A single firm subjected to a disclosure mandate may deliberately induce such information overload to obfuscate financially relevant information or engage in product complexification to bound consumers’ financial literacy. Thus, disclosure rules that would improve welfare for agents without attention limitations can prove ineffective for consumers with limited attention. Obfuscation suggests a role for rules that mandate not only the content, but also the format of disclosure; however, even rules that mandate ‘easy-to-understand’ formats can be ineffective against complexification, which may call for regulation of product design.
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Syaf Putra, Hendrik, Saldi Isra e Suharizal Suharizal. "Limitation on Maximum Differences in Dispute Settlement Results of Regional Head Selection in the Constitutional Court". International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding 5, n. 6 (29 settembre 2019): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v5i6.1043.
Abstract (sommario):
One of the manifestations of the implementation of today's sovereignty is the democratically-elected regional head of elections which is the mandate of the country's constitution. In the course of the dispute of the result of the election of the head of the area there is a provision of the difference in votes in Article 158 of Law No. 10 of 2016 on the Election of the Governor, the Regent, and the Mayor who constitutes a formal requirement to be able to dispute to the Constitutional Court. The purpose of this study is to analyze the basis of the determination of the threshold for submission of the dispute result of the election of the regional head to the Constitutional Court and how the implications of the sound threshold contained in the election law of the regional head.
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Urban, Amanda. "Defining Ambiguity in Broken Statutory Frameworks and its Limits on Agency Action". Michigan Journal of Environmental & Administrative Law, n. 6.1 (2016): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.36640/mjeal.6.1.defining.
Abstract (sommario):
“The Problem” occurs when a statute’s provisions become contradictory or unworkable in the context of new or unforeseen phenomena, yet the statute mandates agency action. The application of an unambiguous statutory provision may become problematic or unclear. Similarly, unambiguous provisions may become inconsistent given a particular application of the statute. During the same term, in Scialabba and UARG, the Supreme Court performed a Chevron review of agency interpretations of statutes facing three variations of the Problem, which this Note characterizes as direct conflict, internal inconsistency, and unworkability. In each case, the Court defined ambiguity in various, nontraditional ways and deferred to the agency’s reasonable interpretation of the statute. The broadest definition of ambiguity provided by the Justices encompassed direct conflicts, internal inconsistencies, and unworkability. In contrast, the narrowest definition found ambiguity based only on internal inconsistency. Some Justices found no ambiguity, but allowed an agency more interpretive flexibility to resolve the Problem and accomplish the unambiguous mandate of the statute. This Note contends that ambiguity in broken statutory frameworks may influence the traditional Chevron analysis; the Court may defer to an agency’s reasonable interpretation or allow an agency greater interpretive flexibility where it would not otherwise. But an agency does not have unlimited interpretive authority each time the Problem arises. Agency interpretations that alter or ignore unambiguous statutory text or functionally change the statute may still be impermissible under Chevron review. This Note raises agencies’ awareness regarding these nontraditional definitions of Chevron ambiguity, and discusses agency interpretive authority and limitations in the context of the Problem.
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Ryan, Mark David. "Whither Culture? Australian Horror Films and the Limitations of Cultural Policy". Media International Australia 133, n. 1 (novembre 2009): 43–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0913300109.
Abstract (sommario):
Cultural policy that attempts to foster the Australian film industry's growth and development in an era of globalisation is coming under increasing pressure. Throughout the 2000s, there has been a substantial boom in Australian horror films led by ‘runaway’ horror film Saw (2004), Wolf Creek (2005) and Undead (2003), achieving varying levels of popularity and commercial success worldwide. However, emerging within a national cinema driven by public subsidy and valuing ‘quality’ and ‘cultural content’ over ‘entertainment’ and ‘commercialism’, horror films have generally been antithetical to these objectives. Consequently, the recent boom in horror films has occurred largely outside the purview and subvention of cultural policy. This paper argues that global forces and emerging production and distribution models are challenging the ‘narrowness’ of cultural policy — a narrowness that mandates a particular film culture, circumscribes certain notions of value and limits the variety of films produced domestically. Despite their low-culture status, horror films have been well suited to the Australian film industry's financial limitations; they are a growth strategy for producers and a training ground for emerging filmmakers.
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Isaksen, Veronica, Ole Petter Vestheim e Eldar Taraldsen. "Kunnskap om og erfaring med livsmestring i skolen – muligheter og begrensninger". Nordisk tidsskrift for utdanning og praksis 17, n. 2 (14 agosto 2023): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.23865/up.v17.5185.
Abstract (sommario):
Før implementeringen av LK20 har det ligget i skolens mandat, gjennom formålsparagrafen i opplæringsloven, å utvikle elevenes evner til å mestre egne liv. Til tross for intensjonene i mandatet rapporterer mange elever at de opplever skolen som stressende og kjedelig, og at de gruer seg til å oppsøke den. I artikkelen utforsker og drøfter vi hvordan det kan ha seg at mange elever opplever skolen på denne måten med utgangspunkt i følgende problemstilling: Hvilke spenninger ligger i landskapet mellom intensjon og mulig praksis innenfor det tverrfaglige temaet folkehelse og livsmestring i skolen? Artikkelen er metodologisk basert på ontologisk hermeneutikk. Vi diskuterer livsmestring i lys av pedagogiske teorier innenfor pragmatisme og eksistensfilosofi. I artikkelen hevder vi at skolens mål- og resultatorientering kan være et hinder for livsmestring. Som en konklusjon foreslår vi at skolen bør være en arena der alle elever får mulighet til å mestre, og at mestring kan realiseres gjennom at elevene får kunnskap om og erfaring med livsmestring i skolen. ENGLISH ABSTRACT Knowledge and experiences related to life skills in school – possibilities and limitations Prior to the implementation of LK20, it has been in the school’s mandate, through the statutory objectives of the Norwegian Education Act, to develop students life skills. Despite the intentions of the mandate, many students report that school is an arena that they experience as stressful, boring or as an arena they dread seeking out. In this article, we explore and discuss how it can be that many students experience school in this way, starting from the following research question: In what ways can the school and the teacher meet the curriculum’s requirements to promote life skills? The article is methodologically based on ontological hermeneutics. We discuss life skills in the light of educational theories within pragmatism and philosophy of existence. In the article, we suggest that the school’s goal management and results orientation can be an obstacle for schools to promote life skills. In conclusion, we suggest that the school should be an arena where all students are given the opportunity to acquire necessary life skills, and that such skills acquisition may be realized by providing students with knowledge and experience of life skills in a school setting.
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Castro, Vivian. "Could technology enable individuals with schizophrenia to access health care? The case of Ecuador". Journal of Enabling Technologies 15, n. 2 (26 maggio 2021): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jet-01-2021-0002.
Abstract (sommario):
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to fill in the gaps in the literature regarding health-care access for individuals with schizophrenia, with a focus on Ecuador, and how technology can enable health-care access during the pandemic. Design/methodology/approach To achieve this aim, the author reviewed peer-reviewed articles in English and Spanish (using, among other sources, Medline and ProQuest), the Ecuadorian Constitution, law projects on mental health and suicide and government reports. Findings The consensus seems to be that the Ecuadorian health-care system has failed in its constitutional mandate to provide essential care for mentally ill patients, such as those suffering from schizophrenia. The data supporting the use of the internet and smartphone technology for delivering health services during the pandemic are extremely clear, but substantive governmental responses have been lacking. Research limitations/implications The major limitation of this study is the lack of data on schizophrenia in Ecuador and the use of technology. Originality/value This evaluation of the current literature on the effect of the pandemic on access to health care for patients suffering from mental illness is much-needed and should provide a welcome data source for research, practice and policymaking.
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Adhari, Ade, e Tundjung Herning SB. "APPLICABLE LIMITATIONS ON THE CRIMINAL CODE BASED ON THE 1945 CONSTITUTION, LAW NO. 1 OF 1946 AND THE GOVERNMENT REGULATION NO. 2 OF 1945". Diponegoro Law Review 5, n. 2 (30 ottobre 2020): 296–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/dilrev.5.2.2020.296-312.
Abstract (sommario):
The enactment of Criminal Code (Wetboek van Strafrecht) in Indonesia is based on the 1945 Constitution, Law No. 1 of 1946 and Government Regulation No. 2 of 1945. The existence of these regulations not only gives legitimacy to the implementation of the Criminal Code, but also provides 'boundary signs' in implementing them. This paper aims to examine the limitations of the enactment of the Criminal Code based on various provisions. The limiting signs include: first, the enactment of the Criminal Code is temporary until the Criminal Code is established based on the 1945 Constitution. This means that the Draft Law on the Criminal Code must be ratified immediately. It is a form of carrying out the mandate to renewal of criminal law as stated in the constitution. Second, there is a need to examine the norms of criminal law in the Criminal Code before it is applied (whether the criminal law norms are in accordance with the criteria "does not conflict with the position of the Republic of Indonesia as an independent state or not in conflict with the Constitution"), and third, the application of the articles in the Criminal Code must remain in the Indonesian context.
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Gushwa, Melinda, e Toni Chance. "Ethical Dilemmas for Mental Health Practitioners: Navigating Mandated Child Maltreatment Reporting Decisions". Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services 89, n. 1 (gennaio 2008): 78–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1606/1044-3894.3712.
Abstract (sommario):
All states have legislation establishing child protection agencies and reporting procedures, supported by the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (Child Welfare Information Gateway, 2003), which links federal funding to the stipulation that states must enact mandatory child abuse reporting laws. Despite this legal mandate, mental health practitioners often fail to inform their clients of the limitations of confidentiality and many are not aware of their legal mandate to report child maltreatment. This paper examines ethical and legal parameters mental health practitioners must address when working with cases of suspected child abuse and offers recommendations for practice and policy to improve collaboration between mental health practitioners and child protection agencies, in the interests of protecting children and strengthening families.
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Chermack, Thomas J., Isatha Fofonah, Shon Balthaser, Laura M. Coons, Jane Harmon, Brooke Wichmann e Josh Nathan. "The Effects of Scenario Planning on Perceptions of Emotional Intelligence". World Futures Review 12, n. 1 (19 gennaio 2019): 123–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1946756718818461.
Abstract (sommario):
This article reports the results of an exploratory research study with four organizations that participated in scenario planning. The primary research focus was to determine whether participation in scenario planning affects perceptions of individual emotional intelligence. Results show a statistically and practically significant effect, though several limitations are identified that mandate a conservative interpretation of study findings.
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Leburu, Goitseone Emelda, Nathaniel Phuti Kgadima e Kgashane Johannes Malesa. "The Inherent Limitations of Gender-Based Violence to the Exclusion of LGBTIQ: A Guide for Social Workers". International Journal of Criminology and Sociology 11 (7 aprile 2022): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1929-4409.2022.11.05.
Abstract (sommario):
Drawing from the queer theory, this article strives to understand the scourge of gender-based violence against members of the homosexual community through a literature review. There is a gap in understanding this scourge against LGBTIQ. Additionally, there is a dearth of research on GBV within the social work fraternity despite the profession’s mandate to protect vulnerable groups. A comprehensive understanding of this hate crime is critically important in the current times where incidents of violence based on one’s gender are on the rise in South Africa. Social workers are in a privileged position to educate communities about these appalling crimes and to inform inclusive policies to curb this pandemic against members of the homosexual community.
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Shikalepo, Elock Emvula, e Selma Ndeyapo Kandjengo. "Limitations Facing the Development of Learner Leadership in Education". European Journal of Education and Pedagogy 2, n. 3 (22 luglio 2021): 154–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejedu.2021.2.3.113.
Abstract (sommario):
The Namibian Basic Education Act No. 3 of 2020 mandates schools to establish Learner Representative Councils. Learner Representative Councils are management bodies at schools comprising of learner leaders, as supporting leaders to the overall school leadership. The purpose of the study was to establish the challenges facing the development of learner leaders in schools. A case study design was used for the study, involving a school principal, teachers, and learners in Oshana Region. All participants were selected using purposive sampling technique. The data was collected using document analysis, semi-structured questionnaires, and interviews. Thematic analysis was used to analyse textual data.
The study found out that the development of learner leadership was constrained by the absence of policy directives which could drive development efforts for learner leadership. Apart from the Education Act which provides a legal framework for establishing learner leadership structures, important Regulations for enforcing and developing learner leadership were missing at the case study school. Learner leaders were also found to be influenced by peer pressure in the conduct of their leadership work. Learner leaders were not confident enough to stand by their own position and perform their leadership roles as they were afraid of losing relationship with their peers, making their peers approve most of their actions. In addition, learner leaders were finding it difficult to express themselves in English, which difficulties has lowered their confidence levels as leaders, becoming shy to express themselves as capable leaders. It becomes clear that the development of learner leaders in schools was faced by challenges that inhibited effective development of learner leaders into capable junior leaders of the school.
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La Gerche, André, e Marc Gewillig. "What Limits Cardiac Performance during Exercise in Normal Subjects and in Healthy Fontan Patients?" International Journal of Pediatrics 2010 (2010): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/791291.
Abstract (sommario):
Exercise is an important determinant of health but is significantly reduced in the patient with a univentricular circulation. Normal exercise physiology mandates an increase in pulmonary artery pressures which places an increased work demand on the right ventricle (RV). In a biventricular circulation with pathological increases in pulmonary vascular resistance and/or reductions in RV function, exercise-induced augmentation of cardiac output is limited. Left ventricular preload reserve is dependent upon flow through the pulmonary circulation and this requires adequate RV performance. In the Fontan patient, the reasons for exercise intolerance are complex. In those patients with myocardial dysfunction or other pathologies of the circulatory components, it is likely that these abnormalities serve as a limitation to cardiac performance during exercise. However, in the healthy Fontan patient, it may be the absence of a sub-pulmonary pump which limits normal increases in pulmonary pressures, trans-pulmonary flow requirements and cardiac output. If so, performance will be exquisitely dependent on pulmonary vascular resistance. This provides a potential explanation as to why pulmonary vasodilators may improve exercise tolerance. As has recently been demonstrated, these agents may offer an important new treatment strategy which directly addresses the physiological limitations in the Fontan patient.
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Frear, Carl R., e Lynn E. Metcalf. "International Project Workshops: Merging Education with Enterprise". Journal of Marketing Education 10, n. 1 (marzo 1988): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/027347538801000103.
Abstract (sommario):
The increasing volume of world trade and the nature of business being transacted on a global basis mandates the need for pedagogical approaches which adequately equip marketing students to cope effectively with an increasingly complex marketing environment. This study suggests that the International Marketing Projects Workshop overcomes some of the limitations associated with alternative pedagogical approaches and, in addition, provides a more effective learning experience.
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NAJAM, ADIL, e THOMAS P. PAGE. "The Climate Convention: deciphering the Kyoto commitments". Environmental Conservation 25, n. 3 (giugno 1998): 187–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s037689299800023x.
Abstract (sommario):
The third meeting of the Conference of Parties (COP-3) of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) concluded with the signing of the Kyoto Protocol (UNFCCC 1997). After much political wrangling and an extended all night negotiation session, delegates agreed to a Protocol that mandates specific emissions limits for industrialized countries and economies in transition (collectively listed as Annex I countries). The Protocol mandates that the average anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) equivalent emission of each Annex I country should be no more than its agreed allowance in the ‘first quantified emission limitation commitment period’ which is defined as the five years between the beginning of 2008 and the end of 2012 (UNFCCC 1997, Article 3.7). The base-period for most countries in Annex I is 1990. The exceptions, which were granted during COP-2 (UNFCCC 1996, decision 9/CP.2), are Bulgaria (1989), Hungary (1985-87), Poland (1988) and Romania (1989).
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Hamal, Mukesh, Kalina Heiter, Lian Schoenmakers, Myonne Smid, Tjard de Cock Buning, Vincent De Brouwere, Azucena Bardají, Chiranjibi Nepal e Marjolein Dieleman. "Social Accountability in Maternal Health Services in the Far-Western Development Region in Nepal: An Exploratory Study". International Journal of Health Policy and Management 8, n. 5 (17 febbraio 2019): 280–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/ijhpm.2019.05.
Abstract (sommario):
Background: Social accountability or citizen-led accountability has been promoted in many low- and middle-income countries to improve the quality, access to and use of maternal health services. Experiences with social accountability in maternal health services in Nepal have not yet been documented. This study identifies existing social accountability structures and activities in maternal health services in two districts of Far-Western Nepal and explores their functions, implementation and gaps/challenges. Methods: An exploratory study was conducted that included in-depth interviews with purposively selected policy advisors (8), healthcare officials (11), healthcare providers (12) and non-governmental staff (3); and focus group discussions (FGDs) with 54 women. Data analysis was conducted using thematic content analysis based on George’s information, dialogue and negotiation framework. Results: Social accountability in maternal health existed in terms of structures such as mothers’ groups (MGs), female community health volunteers (FCHVs) and Health Facility Operation and Management Committees (HFOMCs); and activities such as social audits and community health score board (CHSB). MGs and FCHVs were perceived as trusted intermediaries, but their functioning was limited to information. HFOMCs were not fully functional. Social audits and CHSBs were implemented in limited sites and with poor participation by women. Health-sector responses were mainly found at the local level. Factors contributing to these challenges were the absence of a mandate and limited capacity, including resources. Conclusion: Formal structures and activities existed for social accountability in maternal health services in the Far-Western Development Region of Nepal, but there were limitations pertaining to their implementation. The main recommendations are: for clear policy mandates on the social accountability roles of MGs and FCHVs; wider implementation of social audits and CHSBs, with emphasis on the participation of women from disadvantaged groups; improved capacity of HFOMCs; and improved engagement of the health sector at all levels to listen and respond to women’s concerns.
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Mugarura, Norman, e Patience Namanya. "Supervisory mandate of central banks and the spate of bank failures: who is to blame?" Journal of Money Laundering Control 23, n. 2 (2 aprile 2020): 341–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmlc-10-2019-0084.
Abstract (sommario):
Purpose This paper aims to examine how central Banks (in the narrow purview of Bank of Uganda) exercise their supervisory mandate to foster an efficient sound business environment for banks to operate efficiently. The authors were motivated to write on the subject of bank supervision because of the closure of Crane Bank and putting it under administration in 2016. The closure of this bank generated a lot of controversies on both sides of the political divide and in the press. Initially, the popular view was that Crane bank was poorly supervised, and as a result, it was exploited by insiders to commit money laundering, fraud, insider dealing, just to mention but a few. This put Bank of Uganda (the Central Bank) in a negative spotlight for failure to provide the required oversight of this bank. In Uganda, the supervision of banks and other financial institutions is the responsibility of Bank of Uganda. Design/methodology/approach The authors adopted a qualitative research approach using secondary data sources, including books, journal papers and websites, and evaluating primary legislation but also empirical evidence both in Uganda and other jurisdictions. The secondary data was evaluated to draw comparative analyses of causes of banks failures in countries both in Africa, Europe, USA and others jurisdictions across the globe. Findings It would be onerous to charge central banks with the responsibility of preventing bank failures, even though they would are required to institute measures to prevent banks from collapsing and its ripple effects on the economy. Effective banking supervision is a core factor for the success of every bank, but it cannot single-handedly prevent a bank from collapsing. A well-supervised bank can also fail not necessarily because of inherent weaknesses within its banking supervision, but it could fail because of extraneous factors beyond the control of individual banks. For example, Lehman Brothers Ltd (a highly leveraged of broker dealers) collapsed due to factors beyond its control, the Northern Rock and Royal Bank of Scotland in the UK were nationalised by the British Government. Research limitations/implications The limitation of the paper was that data on central banks and failed banks both in Uganda and other jurisdictions (the scope of the paper) was overwhelming, and it was daunting to sift through and analyse it in depth. Practical implications Banks play a fundamental role in the social-economic development of countries, and how they are regulated is significantly important for the stability of economies. They provide loans, guarantees and other financial products to businesses, and they are engines for economic growth and development. Social implications Banks affect, people, societies, businesses, markets and governments. Therefore, this paper has wider implications for the foregoing constituencies. Originality/value The originality of the paper is that this paper is unique, draws experiences across jurisdictions and evaluates in the narrow purview of banking regulation in Uganda.
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Butler, Graham, e Martin Ratcovich. "Operation Sophia in Uncharted Waters: European and International Law Challenges for the eu Naval Mission in the Mediterranean Sea". Nordic Journal of International Law 85, n. 3 (13 luglio 2016): 235–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718107-08503003.
Abstract (sommario):
This article addresses the main legal challenges facing the European Union (eu) Naval Force, eunavfor Med (‘Operation Sophia’), established in 2015, to disrupt human smuggling and trafficking activities in the Mediterranean Sea. It examines a number of legal issues that have given rise to scepticism on the viability of this type of operation, ranging from challenges under European Union law regarding mandate and oversight, to complex questions of compliance with international law. Forcible measures may be at variance with the international law of the sea, binding on the eu and its Member States alike. Even if such strictures can be avoided by a broad United Nations mandate and/or the consent of the neighbouring government(s), international refugee law and international human rights law provide limitations on the measures that Operation Sophia will be tasked with. Different avenues will be explored to ensure the Operation’s compliance with these different legal regimes.
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Pauner Chulvi, Cristina. "La limitación del número de mandatos del Presidente del Gobierno // The term limits of the Presidential office". Revista de Derecho Político 1, n. 101 (28 aprile 2018): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/rdp.101.2018.21954.
Abstract (sommario):
Resumen:En España, en los últimos tiempos, se ha hablado y discutido con frecuencia sobre la posibilidad de limitar el número de mandatos de los Presidentes del Gobierno. La propuesta más reciente ha sido abordada por elgrupo parlamentario Ciudadanos con la presentación de una Proposición de modificación de la Ley del Gobierno de 1997. El principal motivo que se esgrime para incorporar esta novedad es el de contribuir a la regeneración democrática y evitar episodios de perpetuación en el cargo público. Pero la propuesta ha desencadenado un debate jurídico muy intenso sobre la norma jurídica que debe contener el mandato. De modo que, frente a quienes defienden la legitimidad de la opción legal, existen sectores políticos y doctrinales que abogan por la necesidad de acometer una reforma constitucional sobre la base de las dificultades de encaje de tal medida en el sistema parlamentario español y la incidencia que tiene en el procedimiento ordinario de nombramiento del Presidente del Gobierno en los términos que establece el artículo 99 de la Constitución española.Abstract:In Spain, the idea of limiting the number of terms of office of the President of the Government has been around in recent times. The parliamentary group Ciudadanos has addressed this issue with a Proposal of amendment in the Government Act of 1997. The requirement is justified on the contribution to the democratic regeneration and the prevention of perpetuation in a public office. But the proposal has triggered an intensive debate and, against those who defend the legitimacy of the legal amendment, some sectors support the need for a constitutional reform on the basis of the inconsistencies with the Spanish parliamentary system and the impact on the ordinary procedure of appointment of the President of the Government, under the terms provided by article 99 of the Spanish Constitution. Summary:I. Introduction. II. The proposal of limiting the number of terms of office of the president of the Government and the current prescriptions of limits of term of office of the presidents of the autonomous regions. III. The need for a constitutional reform to set the limitation of the number of terms of office of the president of the Government. Arguments. 1. The limitation of the number of terms of office of the President is inconsistent with the parliamentary system. 2. The eligibility of a person is part of the representative democratic tradition. 3. The limitation of the number of terms of office ignores the logic of the State of the parties. 4. The restriction of terms of office affects the relations among institutions and represents a triple constraint that determines the subjects involved in the procedure of appointment of the President of the Government. 5. The limit of the terms of office is a vetoed subject for the Government Act asit exceeds the content authorized by the Constitution. IV. Conclusions.
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Braham, William W. "Correalism and Equipoise: observations on the sustainable". Architectural Research Quarterly 3, n. 1 (marzo 1999): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1359135500001755.
Abstract (sommario):
Modern environmentalism originates with the recognition of ecological connectivity and the negative effects of technological intervention. This paper examines critical concepts developed by the architect Frederick Kiesler and the critic-historian Sigfried Giedion for their relevance to that discourse. Kiesler's principle of Correalism and Giedion's appeal for Equipoise offer both a prehistory to the current mandates about sustainability and cautions about its limitations. The sustainable is ultimately a social condition that cannot be applied therapeutically nor ever wholly institutionalized.
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Hellmüller, Sara, Marie Lobjoy e Xiang-Yun Rosalind Tan. "Beyond Generations". Global Governance: A Review of Multilateralism and International Organizations 28, n. 4 (21 dicembre 2022): 509–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19426720-02804003.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract Authors commonly categorize peace missions according to different generations: first-generation missions serving as interposition forces to monitor a cease-fire, second-generation missions with multidimensional mandates, and third-generation missions with enforcement mandates. While the generation typology is useful to show the development of peace missions over time, this article points to four main limitations: ambiguity, reductionism, linear connotations, and restricted applicability. It proposes an alternative categorization distinguishing between a minimalist approach aiming at ending violence, a moderate approach aiming at ending violence and installing some form of good governance, and a maximalist approach aiming at addressing the root causes of conflict. Based on an analysis of all UN peace missions between 1991 and 2020, the article demonstrates how this new classification overcomes the flaws of the generation typology and presents further advantages related to its focus on objectives, its versatility, and its potential for statistical analysis. It thereby allows for a more accurate analysis of UN peace missions and their effectiveness.
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Boss, Renee D., Nancy Hutton, Pamela L. Griffin, Beth H. Wieczorek e Pamela K. Donohue. "Novel legislation for pediatric advance directives: Surveys and focus groups capture parent and clinician perspectives". Palliative Medicine 29, n. 4 (10 febbraio 2015): 346–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269216315571020.
Abstract (sommario):
Background: Legislative measures increasingly require consideration of pediatric inpatients for Medical Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment. Aim: To explore pediatric clinicians’ experiences with life-sustaining treatments prior to the Medical Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment mandate and to describe clinician and family concerns and preferences regarding pediatric Medical Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment. Design: Clinician surveys and clinician and parent focus groups. Setting/participants: Pediatric clinicians and parents from one of Maryland’s largest health systems. Results: Of 96 survey respondents, 72% were physicians and 28% were nurse practitioners. A total of 73% of physicians and 34% of nurse practitioners felt able to lead discussions about limiting therapies “most” or “all” of the time. A total of 75% of physicians and 37% of nurse practitioners led such a discussion in the prior year. A total of 55% of physicians and 96% of nurse practitioners had written no order to limit therapies in the past year. Only for children predicted to die within 30 days did >80% of clinicians agree that limitation discussions were warranted. A total of 100% of parent focus group participants, but 17% of physicians and 33% of nurse practitioners, thought that all pediatric inpatients warranted Medical Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment discussions. Parents felt that universal Medical Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment would decrease the stigma of limitation discussions. Participants believed that Medical Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment would clarify decision making and increase utilization of palliative care. Medical Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment communication skills training was recommended by all. Conclusion: A minority of clinicians, but all parents, support universal pediatric Medical Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment. Immediately prior to the Medical Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment mandate, many clinicians felt unprepared to lead limitation discussions, and few had written relevant orders in the prior year. Communication training is perceived essential to successful Medical Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment conversations.
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Pehrsson, Anders. "How does a foreign subsidiary’s differentiation strategy fit competitive dynamics and mandate?" European Business Review 28, n. 6 (10 ottobre 2016): 690–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ebr-08-2016-0107.
Abstract (sommario):
Purpose Drawing on the contingency perspective of strategy, the purpose of this paper is to extend current understanding of fit between a differentiation strategy of the industrial firm’s foreign subsidiary and key contextual boundaries. Design/methodology/approach A conceptual framework is developed in which a differentiation strategy involves the complementary approaches of innovativeness and customer responsiveness. The key boundaries consist of local competitive dynamics and the value-adding mandate assigned to the subsidiary. Detailed features of four types of differentiation strategies are identified by analysing strategies applied by subsidiaries of industrial firms operating on the US market. Findings Four propositions are developed regarding alignment between strategy types and the boundaries. Relationships are proposed regarding a strategy type and a context specified by rivalry/relational competitive dynamics, and a broad/narrow value-adding mandate. Research limitations/implications The conceptual framework and the propositions may be tested by analysing statistical data on industrial firms’ subsidiaries operating in several host countries. Practical implications To increase a foreign subsidiary’s contribution to the global competitiveness of an industrial firm, an awareness of the boundaries to the subsidiary’s strategy of differentiation that may hamper the subsidiary’s performance is essential. Originality/value The conceptual framework, and the propositions, contributes to literature on the industrial firm’s global strategy because it focuses on subsidiary strategy and extends present understanding of the mechanisms that drive the effectiveness of a foreign subsidiary’s differentiation strategy.
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Leoncini, Giovanna, Francesca Viazzi, Salvatore De Cosmo, Giuseppina Russo, Paola Fioretto e Roberto Pontremoli. "Blood pressure reduction and RAAS inhibition in diabetic kidney disease: therapeutic potentials and limitations". Journal of Nephrology 33, n. 5 (17 luglio 2020): 949–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40620-020-00803-3.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) affects approximately one-third of patients with diabetes and taking into consideration the high cardiovascular risk burden associated to this condition a multifactorial therapeutic approach is traditionally recommended, in which glucose and blood pressure control play a central role. The inhibition of renin–angiotensin–aldosterone RAAS system represent traditionally the cornerstone of DKD. Clinical outcome trials have demonstrated clinical significant benefit in slowing nephropathy progression mainly in the presence of albuminuria. Thus, international guidelines mandate their use in such patients. Given the central role of RAAS activity in the pathogenesis and progression of renal and cardiovascular damage, a more profound inhibition of the system by the use of multiple agents has been proposed in the past, especially in the presence of proteinuria, however clinical trials have failed to confirm the usefulness of this therapeutic approach. Furthermore, whether strict blood pressure control and pharmacologic RAAS inhibition entails a favorable renal outcome in non-albuminuric patients is at present unclear. This aspect is becoming an important issue in the management of DKD since nonalbuminuric DKD is currently the prevailing presenting phenotype. For these reasons it would be advisable that blood pressure management should be tailored in each subject on the basis of the renal phenotype as well as related comorbidities. This article reviews the current literature and discusses potentials and limitation of targeting the RAAS in order to provide the greatest renal protection in DKD.
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ISMAIL, NOR SUHAIDA, MOHD FIRDAUS CHE YAACOB e SALMAH JAN NOOR MUHAMMAD. "AMANAT DAN PENGARUH BAHASA DALAM PEMERINTAHAN POLITIK ISLAM". International Journal of Creative Future and Heritage (TENIAT) 7, n. 1 (31 marzo 2019): 118–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.47252/teniat.v7i1.223.
Abstract (sommario):
Artikel ini mengajukan perbincangan tentang amanat dan pengaruh bahasa dalam pemerintahan tradisiKesultanan Melayu. Amanat dan pengaruh bahasa yang dibincangkan meliputi pesanan dan nasihatyang berlatarkan prinsip asas dalam pemerintahan Islam. Amanat dan pengaruh bahasa merupakanmaklumat penting yang disampaikan oleh pengarang naskhah Melayu sebagai nasihat kepada pewarisraja tentang akhlak dan moral dalam membentuk tradisi pemerintahan politik Islam-Melayu. Oleh itu,kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kualitatif iaitu menganalisis teks sebagai batas dalam perbincangan. Teksyang dianalisis ialah naskhah Sejarah Melayu (Sulalat al-Salatin) yang diselenggarakan oleh A. SamadAhmad, terbitan tahun 1979. Kajian ini juga telah mengaplikasikan Teori Politik Islam yang diusahakanoleh Yahaya Jusoh (2014) sebagai perbincangan tentang amanat politik Melayu tradisi yang dipengaruhioleh pemerintahan Islam. Hasil analisis mendapati amanat dan pengaruh bahasa yang dicatatkan dalamnaskhah Sejarah Melayu mempunyai sebahagian persamaan dengan prinsip asas dalam pemerintahanIslam. Prinsip asas berlandaskan ajaran Islam seperti ketaatan, keadilan, muafakat, hal ehwalmasyarakat, amanah dan melaksanakan kebaikan yang didapati dalam naskhah Sejarah Melayu ini telahmempengaruhi amanat raja-raja Melayu mengenai pemerintahan. Justeru, kajian ini berperanan untukmembentuk identiti kesinambungan identiti tradisi Kesultanan Melayu dengan tradisi pemerintahan Islamyang dicatat oleh pengarang Sejarah Melayu melalui amanat dan pengaruh bahasa daripada seorang rajakepada pewarisnya. This article proposes the discussion about the mandate and the language influences in traditionalgovernance of Malay Sultanate. The mandate and the language influences discussed include messagesand advices about the basic principles of governance of Islam. The mandate and the language influencesare important information delivered by the author of Malay’s manuscript as the advice to the king’s heirsabout ethics and morality in shaping the traditional Islamic-Malay political governance. Therefore, thisstudy used qualitative method; text analysing as the limitation of the discussion. The text analysed ismanuscript of Sejarah Melayu (Sulalat al-Salatin) managed by A.Samad Ahmad, issued in 1979. Thisstudy is applying the Theory of Political of Islam cultivated by Yahaya Jusoh (2014) in discussing theMalay political advices which have been influenced by governance of Islam. As a result, the study showsthere are some similarity between the mandate and the language influences recorded in manuscript ofSejarah Melayu and basic principles of governance of Islam. The basic principle of Islamic teaching suchas loyalty, justice, consensus, community matters, trust and implementing good found in manuscript ofSejarah Melayu influenced the mandate of Malay’s King about governance. Hence, this study works asshaping the continuity of identity of Malay Sultanate Tradition and governance of Islam tradition recordedby the author of Sejarah Melayu manuscript by using the mandate and the language influences from aKing to his heirs.
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Sanga, Philipo. "East African Higher Education and the limitations of institutional reforms: A case study of selected public universities". African Journal of Teacher Education 8 (27 novembre 2019): 299–320. http://dx.doi.org/10.21083/ajote.v8i0.5361.
Abstract (sommario):
Globally, universities are engaged in various aspects of reforms to improve their outlook and relevance. In East Africa, despite the similarities in many dimensions of socio-economic conditions, universities vary in terms of focus and extent of engagement in educational reforms. In order to examine this phenomenon more closely, three purposely-selected East African public universities were studied. Analysis of related documents as complemented by responses from key officials of these institutions revealed several findings: the University of Dar es Salaam’s reforms seemed to conform more to characteristics of competitiveness-driven reforms, the University of Nairobi exhibits equity-driven reform, and Makerere University practises finance-driven reforms. Furthermore, the findings register limitations of effective institutional reforms such as massification of higher education, infringement of university autonomy, emerging technologies, paradox of internationalization, and the incapacity to cater to holistic students’ welfare. The study concluded that, despite the myriad of limitations that the universities face, they have numerous opportunities which if efficiently utilized will enable them run the higher education race more triumphantly. The paper recommends that strategies for reforms should not derail the universities from their mandate to serve their respective countries.
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Andrun, Marko. "Dissolution of parliament under the Constitution of the Republic of Serbia since 2006: Some open issues". Arhiv za pravne i drustvene nauke 118, n. 3 (2023): 109–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/adpn2303099a.
Abstract (sommario):
This article covers four parts. In the first part of the paper, they are explained in the most important paragraphs of the powers to dissolve the parliament in order to form the basic theoretical framework of this constitutional mechanism of termination of the mandate of the parliament before the expiry of the mandate of its members, with special reference to its legal regulations in the Republic of Serbia. In the following parts of the paper, based on the previously established theoretical frameworks of the mechanism of dissolution of the parliament, it was pointed out the legal nature of the dissolved parliament and its limitations, and then discussed some open issues relating to the dissolved parliament in the Constitution of the Republic of Serbia since 2006 in order to give our opinion on the reasons for the dissolution of the parliament and what are the ongoing and urgent tasks that the dissolved parliament performs, what should be more clearly defined in some future revision of the constitution and laws in order to avoid in practice different interpretations and misinterpretations.
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Wilson, Steven H. "Brownover “Other White”: Mexican Americans' Legal Arguments and Litigation Strategy in School Desegregation Lawsuits". Law and History Review 21, n. 1 (2003): 145–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3595071.
Abstract (sommario):
The landmark 1954 decisionBrown v. Board of Educationhas shaped trial lawyers' approaches to litigating civil rights claims and law professors' approaches to teaching the law's powers and limitations. The court-ordered desegregation of the nation's schools, moreover, inspired subsequent lawsuits by African Americans aimed variously at ending racial distinctions in housing, employment, and voting rights. Litigation to enforce theBrowndecision and similar mandates brought slow but steady progress and inspired members of various other minorities to appropriate the rhetoric, organizing methods, and legal strategy of the African American civil rights struggle.
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Hutomi, Luthfi Muhammad. "Dampak Konteks Internal dan Eksternal terhadap Creating Shared Value (CSV) Perusahaan Energi Terbarukan". Journal of Social Development Studies 4, n. 1 (6 giugno 2023): 230–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jsds.5884.
Abstract (sommario):
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggali aspek kontekstual yang memengaruhi implementasi program CSV. Dengan pemahaman yang dalam mengenai CSV dan elaborasi terhadap konteksnya, penelitian kualitatif eksploratif dengan desain studi kasus ini berusaha mendalami program CSV Kamojang Desa Digital yang dijalankan oleh PT Pertamina Geothermal Energi (PGE) Area Kamojang dari perspektif perencana dan pelaksana program. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun CSV merupakan mandat PT Pertamina (Persero), implementasinya mengalami translasi sehingga menghadirkan konsepsi yang memiliki distingsi dengan gagasan aslinya. Dari tiga subprogram yang diteliti, hanya Geotato dan Rangers App yang dapat dikategorikan sebagai CSV dengan model redefinisi rantai nilai perusahaan. Terdapat tujuh konteks yang berhasil diabstraksi, yakni kapasitas perusahaan dalam berjejaring, kepatuhan terhadap regulasi, budaya CSV perusahaan, kapabilitas menciptakan inovasi, dinamika produktivitas komoditas lokal, kendala kompetensi, dan keberlanjutan ekologis. Ketujuh konteks tersebut terkait dengan konteks pembangunan desa di Indonesia yang mengalami disparitas dalam pelayanan publik dan limitasi akses terhadap teknologi modern.
Kata kunci: konteks CSV, disparitas pelayanan publik, limitasi akses teknologi
Abstract
This study aims to explore contextual aspects that affect the implementation of the CSV program. Conceptualizing of CSV and its context, this exploratory qualitative research with a case study design has investigated the Kamojang Desa Digital CSV program run by PT PGE Area Kamojang from the planners’ and implementers’ perspectives. The results show that, although CSV is a mandate from PT Pertamina (Persero), its implementation is examined through translation that presents distinctive conception of the original idea. Of the three subprograms, only Geotato and Rangers App can be categorized as CSV with redefinition of the value chain model. Seven contexts have been abstracted: company capacity in networking, regulatory compliance, corporate CSV culture, capability to create innovation, dynamics of local commodity productivity, competency constraints, and ecological sustainability. Those are related to the context of village development in Indonesia, which is experiencing disparities in public services and limited access to modern technology.
Keywords: CSV context, public service disparities, technological access limitations