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Libri sul tema "Limbic circuit"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 2 novembre 2024

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1

1952-, Kalivas Peter W., e Barnes Charles D. 1935-, a cura di. Limbic motor circuits and neuropsychiatry. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1993.

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2

Robert, Philippe, Elsa Leone, Hélène Amieva e David Renaud. Managing behavioural and psychological symptoms in Alzheimer’s disease. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198779803.003.0009.

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This chapter focuses on the behavioural and psychological symptoms of Alzheimer's disease and the different approaches clinicians can take in their treatment of the condition. The behavioural and psychological symptoms are defined as primary manifestations of cerebral dysfunction, and appear specifically as a result of damage to a system or circuit such as the limbic system or the cortico-subcortical circuits. During the progression of Alzheimer’s disease, the presence of at least one BPSD is common and can vary, depending especially on the severity of the dementia-related syndrome at the time of diagnosis. Management of BPSD should preferentially be based on non-pharmacologic approaches first. Pharmacologic treatments should constitute second line treatment and are to be prescribed only after assessment of the individual risk:benefit ratio.

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3

Kalivas, Peter W., e Charles D. Barnes. Limbic Motor Circuits and Neuropsychiatry. A cura di Peter W. Kalivas e Charles D. Barnes. CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429274411.

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4

Kalivas, Peter W., e Charles D. Barnes. Limbic Motor Circuits and Neuropsychiatry. Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.

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5

Kalivas, Peter W., e Charles D. Barnes. Limbic Motor Circuits and Neuropsychiatry. Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.

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6

Kalivas, Peter W., e Charles D. Barnes. Limbic Motor Circuits and Neuropsychiatry. Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.

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7

Kalivas, Peter W., e Charles D. Barnes. Limbic Motor Circuits and Neuropsychiatry. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.

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8

Kalivas, Peter W., e Charles D. Barnes. Limbic Motor Circuits and Neuropsychiatry. Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.

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9

Fisch, Adam. Limbic and Olfactory Systems. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199845712.003.0276.

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Chapter 21 discusses the limbic and olfactory systems, including parts 1 and 2 of the limbic system, the anatomy and circuitry of the hippocampus, parts 1 and 2 of the olfactory system, and parts 1 and 2 of the olfactory cortex and basal forebrain.

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10

MacNamara, Annmarie, e K. Luan Phan. Prefrontal-Limbic Brain Circuitry and the Regulation of Emotion. A cura di Israel Liberzon e Kerry J. Ressler. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190215422.003.0009.

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The ability to regulate emotion promotes mental well-being in health and is disrupted in psychopathologies such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The prefrontal cortex (PFC)—a region of the brain involved in executive function, behavioral coordination, and cognitive control—is particularly important in implementing the regulation of emotional response. This chapter reviews a decade and a half of neuroscientific research that has made considerable progress in advancing understanding of the neural basis of emotion regulation. This work, conducted in healthy individuals, provides a platform from which to understand the neural basis of emotion dysregulation that characterizes disorders like PTSD. Therefore, the proposed model could serve as a basis for explaining the etiology and/or maintenance of PTSD. The chapter concludes by summarizing the main findings and highlighting areas that need more work, including translation into the clinical domain.

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11

Javanbakht, Arash, e Gina R. Poe. Behavioral Neuroscience of Circuits Involved in Arousal Regulation. A cura di Israel Liberzon e Kerry J. Ressler. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190215422.003.0007.

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This chapter evaluates the evidence that hyper-reactive noradrenergic responses during trauma contribute to hyperarousal symptoms in PTSD, including disturbances in sleep. Some genetic vulnerability for PTSD involves the adrenergic system, and a hyperactive central noradrenergic system might serve to over-consolidate and sustain the affective component of fear memories. Reduced moderation of noradrenergic reactions during low hormone phases of the menstrual cycle could also lead to increased susceptibility to PTSD. This chapter considers a mechanism by which hyperactivity in the noradrenergic system during sleep would impair REM sleep theta and non-REM sleep spindles in the limbic system, both of which are implicated in the consolidation of new safety memories, thereby compromising extinction recall and setting into motion a positive feedback loop in PTSD pathophysiology, involving hyperarousal, failure to integrate contextual information, and biased attention to threat. If so, novel pharmacotherapeutic interventions inhibiting the noradrenergic system during sensitive periods in sleep should be considered.

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12

Bertram, Edward H. Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199937837.003.0038.

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Temporal lobe epilepsy, as discussed in this chapter, is a focal epilepsy that involves primarily the limbic structures of the medial temporal lobe (amygdala, hippocampus, and entorhinal cortex). In recent years animal models have been developed that mirror the pathology and pathophysiology of this disease. This chapter reviews the human condition, the structural and physiological changes that support the development of seizures. The neural circuitry of seizure initiation will be reviewed with a goal of creating a framework for developing more effective treatments for this disease.

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13

Laureno, Robert. Lowly Origins. A cura di Robert Laureno. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190607166.003.0014.

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This chapter, “Lowly Origins,” examines the evolution of the nervous system and its implications for clinical neurology. Topics include peripheral nerve anatomy, extraocular muscles, and physiologic circuits related to respiration. Human neuroanatomy and neurologic disease carry a record of our vertebrate ancestors, and neurology is more understandable when the clinician is attuned to our ancient neurological circuits. The extraocular muscles are a prime example. Although the extraocular muscles have changed their orientation to the axis of the eye, and although not all of these muscles are as important as they once were, these muscles of the human eye have otherwise changed little from those of the shark. They remain similar in appearance and consistent in innervation. They are the best conserved muscles in all of vertebrate evolution. The development of limbs, loss of gills, assumption of bipedal locomotion, and development of a huge brain has had virtually no effect on them.

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14

Beydon, Laurent, e Flavie Duc. Inhalational anaesthetic agents in critical illness. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0046.

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Inhalational anaesthetic agents have limited applications in the intensive care unit (ICU), as their delivery requires specific equipment, which are not routinely available. Sevoflurane and isoflurane are the two agents eligible for this purpose. They both show good clinical tolerance and versatility, but may raise cerebral blood flow above 1 minimum alveolar concentration. This property makes them unsuitable for sedation in patients suffering from acute brain injury. Sevoflurane is known to be partly metabolized via the cytochrome pathway in inorganic fluoride. This latter accumulates in a dose- and time-dependent manner, especially in a closed circuit with soda lime. However, no clinical renal injury has been proven, despite several studies reporting on sevoflurane in ICUs. A fresh gas flow above 2 L/min is required to limit inorganic fluoride build-up. Halogenates have been proven to allow efficient sedation in ICU patients for up to several days. They may be considered as therapeutic agents especially in refractory status asthmaticus. Insufficient data exist to recommend halogenates to treat status epilepticus. Nitrous oxide, in 50% oxygen, may serve to allow sedation/analgesia for short and moderately procedures. Xenon, an inert gas that discloses anaesthetic properties with extremely fast onset and recovery, and also has no haemodynamic side effects remains confined to the operating theatre. It requires specific anaesthetic machines and is, at present, too expensive to represent a routine inhalational anaesthetic agent.

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15

Mauguière, François, e Luis Garcia-Larrea. Somatosensory and Pain Evoked Potentials. A cura di Donald L. Schomer e Fernando H. Lopes da Silva. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190228484.003.0043.

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This chapter discusses the use of somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) and pain evoked potentials for diagnostic purposes. The generators of SEPs following upper limb stimulation have been identified through intracranial recordings, permitting the analysis of somatosensory disorders caused by neurological diseases. Laser activation of fibers involved in thermal and pain sensation has extended the applications of evoked potentials to neuropathic pain disorders. Knowledge of the effects of motor programming, paired stimulations, and simultaneous stimulation of adjacent somatic territories has broadened SEP use in movement disorders. The recording of high-frequency cortical oscillations evoked by peripheral nerve stimulation gives access to the functioning of SI area neuronal circuitry. SEPs complement electro-neuro-myography in patients with neuropathies and radiculopathies, spinal cord and hemispheric lesions, and coma. Neuroimaging has overtaken SEPs in detecting and localizing central nervous system lesions, but SEPs still permit assessment of somatosensory and pain disorders that remain unexplained by anatomical investigations.

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16

Meier, Dennis, Jan Seidel, Marty Gregg e Ramamoorthy Ramesh. Domain Walls. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198862499.001.0001.

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Abstract (sommario):

Technological evolution and revolution are both driven by the discovery of new functionalities, new materials and the design of yet smaller, faster, and more energy-efficient components. Progress is being made at a breathtaking pace, stimulated by the rapidly growing demand for more powerful and readily available information technology. High-speed internet and data-streaming, home automation, tablets and smartphones are now ‘necessities’ for our everyday lives. Consumer expectations for progressively more data storage and exchange appear to be insatiable. In this context, ferroic domain walls have attracted recent attention as a completely new type of oxide interface. In addition to their functional properties, such walls are spatially mobile and can be created, moved, and erased on demand. This unique degree of flexibility enables domain walls to take an active role in future devices and hold a great potential as multifunctional 2D systems for nanoelectronics. With domain walls as reconfigurable electronic 2D components, a new generation of adaptive nano-technology and flexible circuitry becomes possible, that can be altered and upgraded throughout the lifetime of the device. Thus, what started out as fundamental research, at the limit of accessibility, is finally maturing into a promising concept for next-generation technology.

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